International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences最新文献

Introduction

During the era of coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19), hand hygiene has become more essential than ever before. Poor knowledge and practice of hand hygiene medical and health science students lead to burdens hospitalized patients and increase cases in the intensive care unit.

Objectives

This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of medical and health science students in a clinical setting during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June 1 to July 15/2021. A stratified sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected by using a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. To explain study variables; frequency tables and percentages were used. Logistic regression analysis was used to see the association between independent and dependent variables.

Result

Out of the total 387 respondents; 18.3 % had poor knowledge, similarly; 64.1 % of them had poor practice about hand hygiene. Factors such as knowing hand hygiene guidelines (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.18, 95 % CI (0.09-0.34)) were significantly associated with poor knowledge of hand hygiene, whereas poor knowledge of hand hygiene (AOR = 0.65, 95 % CI (0.39–89)) was significantly associated with the poor practice of hand hygiene.

Conclusion

In this study participant, about 18.3% had poor knowledge, whereas 64.1% had poor practice about hand hygiene during the COVID-19 pandemic. Training about hand hygiene, and didn't know hand hygiene guidelines were found to have significantly associated with poor knowledge. Giving additional training, and initiating to read guidelines can improve the knowledge as well practice of participants towards hand hygiene.

Background

Due to the prevalence of COVID-19 disease and the growing demand for plasma therapy to assess its effectiveness, the potential impact of spirituality on plasma donation by COVID-19 patients, the role of spirituality can be considered more than before.

Objective

We decided to conduct the present study to determine the effect of spirituality on plasma donation in the recovery from COVID-19.

Methods

This was an analytical case-control study. The study population included all individuals who recovered from COVID-19, divided into two groups: case and control groups (90 subjects). The instrument used to assess spirituality in this study will be the Spiritual Assessment Inventory (SAI).

Results

The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of total spirituality scores. The plasma donor group had a higher score (195.00 ± 19.70) compared to the control group (174.44 ± 29.06) who were not willing to donate plasma. Additionally, in the dimensions of awareness, actual acceptance, and magnification, the case group scored higher than the control group. Also, there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in these areas as well.

Conclusion

The spirituality of people who donated plasma was higher than that of those who did not donate, indicating a potential correlation between plasma donation and spiritual well-being. Therefore, it is important to recognize and address the spiritual needs of individuals who have recovered from COVID-19. In this regard, nurses can play a crucial role in providing holistic care that encompasses the spiritual aspect of patients while tending to those with COVID-19.

Background

Anemia in older adults is a natural consequence of aging and its symptoms and side effects are mostly neglected, which leads to negative effects on the quality of life in older adults. This study is an attempt to determine the prevalence of anemia in older adults through a systematic and meta-analysis study.

Materials and Methods

This meta-analysis and systematic review was carried out in a time period from 1989 to 2022. To find articles pertinent to the topic of the study, Google Scholar, SID, MagIran, WoS, Scopus, and Embase databases were searched using keywords validated in MeSh/Emtree. Heterogeneity of studies was examined using the I² index.

Results

The search yielded 14,999 articles and eventually, 44 articles with a total sample size of 127,978 participants met the inclusion criteria of the study. The prevalence of anemia in older adults was estimated equal to 24.6 % (CI = 95 %; 19.1–31.1 %). The highest prevalence of anemia in older adults was in Africa (45.5 %; CI = 95 %; 3.9–94.5 %) and older adults living in nursing homes (53.7 %; CI = 95 %; 27.9–77.9 %). There was no significant difference between women and men in terms of the prevalence of anemia (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

The findings indicated that the prevalence of anemia in older adults was high mostly in Africa. This finding requires more attention from experts, officials, and health policy makers.

Social networking sites and the use of social media have got popularity among health professionals in recent times. This study assessed perceived influence of social media on nursing practice among clinical nurses working in a University Teaching Hospital in Nigeria.

This study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional design, and stratified random sampling was adopted to select 205 respondents. Data were collected with the aid of a structured questionnaire and were analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. Descriptive (frequency table, figures, mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (spearman rho Pearson correlation and Logistics regression) were used to present the data.

Findings showed that the mean age of the respondents was 34.65 ± 8.49 years. Commonly used social media by the respondents were WhatsApp (94.6 %) and Facebook (92.7 %). A little above half (52.2 %) perceived social media benefits as high, 47.4 % perceived risks of social media to nursing practice as high and 63.9 % of the respondents spent at least 4 h on social media daily. Also, majority of the respondents identified knowledge about social media applications; accessibility to information; and availability of evidence-based information on social media. Single respondents were 8 times likely to use social media more than other marital status counterparts (P < 0.05, Odd ratio- 8.62, CI: 70.41 – 1.05), There was significant relationship between perceived benefits & disadvantage of social media and extent of usage {r = 0.740, df = 203p = 0.001}.

This study concluded that nurses are using social media and majority of them are using WhatsApp and Facebook and they also believe that social media help to foster communication among nurses and other health care providers irrespective of the distance.

Background

Simulation-based education has recently been promoted among midwifery students in Malawi. Reflective debriefing is essential for a successful educative simulation. It is therefore crucial to explore debriefing practice, particularly when simulation-based education is novel. Therefore, the study aimed to explore practice of debriefing with focus on level of reflection in questions posed by lecturers and responses from midwifery students when learning postpartum haemorrhage.

Methods

The study applied qualitative exploratory design. During debriefing of a simulation session on postpartum hemorrhage management, data were collected through audio recordings. Seven midwifery lecturers and 107 midwifery students from midwifery education program in Malawi participated in the study. Using Gibbs’s reflective cycle, data from the lecturers’ questions and midwifery students’ responses were analysed by rating stages of reflection. The reporting of the results follows Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research.

Results

Most of lecturers’ questions and midwifery students’ responses were evaluative, 46% and 47%, respectively. The fewest questions and responses were conclusive, 4% and 2% respectively. Only 12% of the lecturers’ questions were analytic, while 16% of students’ responses were rated as analytic.

Conclusion

The results revealed that debriefing provides a forum for students to reflect on their simulated experience. Though, more evaluative questions and responses were elicited from lecturers and students, respectively, than the rest of the stages in Gibbs’s reflective cycle. If debriefing in simulation-based education is going to pave the way for student reflection in Malawi, it is necessary to enhance debriefing practices through further training.

Background

Vaccination against COVID-19 diminishes the risk of infection and provides robust protection against severe illnesses and death when coupled with existing preventive measures. Despite comprehensive research, there are still complaints of short-term side effects of COVID-19 vaccines among healthcare workers. This study aims to specifically identify the short-term side effects that manifest after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.

Methodology

A descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study included 100 Healthcare Workers (HCWs) at Soba University Hospital from April to May 2022, focusing on Short-Term Side Effects following Covid-19 Vaccination. Data were collected using a structured interview questionnaire distributed via Google Docs and Microsoft Teams. The survey was sent to healthcare workers, including doctors, nurses, and others, through email and WhatsApp. Chi-square, t-test, and logistic regression analyses were employed to assess the determinants and associations between side effects after COVID-19 vaccination and other variables using STATA version 17 software.

Results

Among the 100 participants, nearly half (42 %) were in the age group of 20 to 30 years, and over two-thirds (61 %) of the participants were female, with 31 % being registered nurses. The majority, 91 %, received the AstraZeneca vaccine. This current study revealed a statistically significant relationship between the onset of symptoms and the type of vaccine (AstraZeneca) with a p-value of 0.001. Additionally, a statistically significant relationship was observed between muscular pain, fever, itching as side effects, and AstraZeneca, with p-values less than 0.05. Logistic regression indicated that male nurses between 31–40 years were almost 61 % less likely to report side effects.

Conclusion

The study concluded that most of those who took the vaccination of COVID-19 experienced short-term side effects including chills, fever, muscle pain, and headache after receiving the vaccine after each dose but they did not develop diarrhea.

Background

The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak rose rapidly and had a strenuous impact on the healthcare systems. As the health system responded to the pandemic, there was a change in the care rendered. Additionally, as more people became infected with the virus, the number of nurses reduced resulting in prolonged working hours and increased burden of care for the remaining few nurses. This study aimed to gain an in-depth understanding of the lived experiences of nurses working in the clinical setting during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ekurhuleni, Gauteng Province.

Methods

The study followed a descriptive phenomenological approach. In-depth interviews were conducted face-to-face and telephonically with thirteen professional nurses who were purposively sampled as they had nursed COVID-19 positive patients in a hospital in Ekurhuleni District, Gauteng Province, South Africa. The audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and inductively analysed using descriptive phenomenological analysis with the aid of the ATLASti Version 9 program.

Findings

Four themes emerged: (1) Nurse’s social life during COVID-19 pandemic. (2) Challenges in the clinical setting during COVID-19 pandemic. (3) COVID-19 pandemic impact on patient care. (4) Nurse’s future recommendations for pandemic management.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicated that professional nurses who nursed COVID-19 patients suffered psychological distress and physical burnout. Having insufficient resources, which included Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and other equipment exposed the nurses to the possibility of contracting COVID-19. Lack of managerial support worsened poor patient care. Therefore, further studies are needed to improve the procurement of resources and disaster preparedness. Therefore, it is recommended that managerial support which includes offering of professional counselling be done routinely, regular in-service training, and nurses should be involved in decisions affecting patient care.

Implications for nursing management

Managerial support to offer professional routine counselling for improvement of mental wellbeing of the nurses and acknowledge nurses’ input.

Background

Contribution of nursing is crucial for Universal Health Coverage and achieving Sustainable Development Goal 3. Tracer studies help evaluate accountability and demonstrate the impact of nursing educational institutions in a highly competitive job market. The study aimed at assessing the employability of nursing graduates, and perceived quality of the nursing program they pursued in a public tertiary institution in Ghana.

Method

The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional survey. One hundred and ten (1 1 0) nursing graduates responded to a web-based survey. The data were gathered using a customized questionnaire based on the Tarlac State University Graduates Tracer Questionnaire. Data were collected via google forms, and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results

Majority of the participants were females (n = 64, 58.2 %). Most of the participants had completed a Bachelor’s degree at the tertiary institution (n = 101, 91.8 %). A significant proportion of the participants were gainfully employed during the study period (n = 102, 92.7 %) with majority of them working in the public sector (n = 81, 79.4 %). The quality of the diploma or degree program obtained was rated good in most of the areas by over 50 % of the participants. There was no statistically significant association between the highest educational qualification of participants and their perceptions on the quality of the nursing program.

Conclusion

There is the need to conduct this kind of tracer study on a regular basis to keep track of graduate’s progress and obtain feedback on the quality of programs being offered so as to meet the ever-changing needs of society.

Background

The current coronavirus pandemic has profoundly impacted healthcare services across all dimensions. Patient safety culture stands as a pivotal element in enhancing safety and the quality of patient care. This study aimed to compare the patient safety culture in the COVID-19 ward with that in other inpatient wards.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, 418 nurses were selected through a quota sampling method from an educational hospital in Western Iran. For data collection, the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC), developed by AHRQ, was utilized. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation (SD), as well as analytical statistics such as independent-samples t-test, Mann-Whitney test, Spearman's correlation test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. SPSS 25 was used for analysis, and the significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05), but there were variations in the mean scores within different dimensions. The overall mean score of patient safety culture in the coronavirus ward was 117 ± 20.91, indicating a moderate to low level of patient safety culture in this group. In contrast, in other inpatient wards, the mean score was 122.66 ± 23.47.

Conclusion

In the coronavirus department, due to the heightened patient severity and increased nursing workload, the patient safety culture was rated as weak. Therefore, it demands specific attention from management to provide additional training for healthcare staff, aiming to enhance their performance in coping with stressful and unpredictable conditions.

Objective

The aim of this study is to identify the associated factors of low fifth minute Apgar scores among newborns in Dilla town public health facilities, southern Ethiopia.

Methods

An institution-based case-control study was conducted in Dilla town public health facilities, Southern Ethiopia. The case and control groups were newborns with fifth minute Apgar score of < 7 and ≥ 7, respectively. The study included 534 participants (178 cases and 356 controls). Data were collected through face-to-face interviews and record reviews. Consecutive and systematic random sampling was used to recruit cases and controls, respectively. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. The degree of association between independent and dependent variables was assessed using adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs). Finally, variables with a p-value of < 0.05, were consider that had statistically significant.

Results

In this study, No antenatal care follow-up [AOR = 1.74, 95 % CI: (1.12, 2.69)], instrumental mode of delivery [AOR = 2.11, 95 % CI: (1.25, 3.56)], non-vertex presentation [AOR = 6.54, 95 % CI: (2.92, 14.65)], prolonged second stage of labor [AOR = 5.63, 95 % CI: (2.45, 12.95)], and gestational hypertension [AOR = 0.45, 95 % CI: (0.22, 0.86)] were significantly associated with a low fifth minute Apgar score.

Conclusions

This study found that no antenatal care follow-up, instrumental mode of delivery, pregnancy-induced hypertension, prolonged second stage of labor, and non-vertex presentation were all independently associated with low fifth-minute Apgar scores. These findings suggest the need for improved maternal and neonatal care during pregnancy, delivery, and the postpartum period to reduce the risk of low Apgar scores and to improve newborn outcomes.