This study evaluated awareness, management, and the burden of cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS) in Japan. A non-interventional, cross-sectional study was conducted online between April and December 2023, involving 149 psychiatrists and 852 patients. Psychiatrists prioritized controlling positive symptoms in the acute phase of the illness, while improving social functioning was the top priority for the maintenance/stable phase. Management of CIAS was regarded as most important for the reintegration of patients into society. Psychiatrists reported higher occurrence of CIAS among inpatients than outpatients. While 72 % of psychiatrists assessed CIAS, only 15 % used the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia. Further, 58 % of them reported that ≤40 % of their patients received interventions for CIAS. Sixty-eight percent of patients reported current or previous experiences of CIAS. The most common CIAS-related burdens were “unable to perform tasks I could do before or they take longer” (65 %) and “unable to maintain concentration” (64 %). In patients not currently experiencing CIAS (n = 496), these burdens were reported by 52 % and 50 %, respectively. Although CIAS was generally recognized by psychiatrists, the use of appropriate assessment tools and interventions was not common. While many patients reported CIAS-related burdens, a substantial proportion of them were unaware of CIAS. These observations indicate that the greater awareness of CIAS may facilitate its management in clinical practice, thus enhancing the ability of patients to reintegrate into society.
{"title":"Awareness and management of cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia in psychiatrists and patients: Results from a cross-sectional survey","authors":"Tomiki Sumiyoshi , Satoru Ikezawa , Kaori Inaba , Tatsuro Marumoto , Ichiro Kusumi , Kazuyuki Nakagome","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2025.100375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2025.100375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated awareness, management, and the burden of cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS) in Japan. A non-interventional, cross-sectional study was conducted online between April and December 2023, involving 149 psychiatrists and 852 patients. Psychiatrists prioritized controlling positive symptoms in the acute phase of the illness, while improving social functioning was the top priority for the maintenance/stable phase. Management of CIAS was regarded as most important for the reintegration of patients into society. Psychiatrists reported higher occurrence of CIAS among inpatients than outpatients. While 72 % of psychiatrists assessed CIAS, only 15 % used the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia. Further, 58 % of them reported that ≤40 % of their patients received interventions for CIAS. Sixty-eight percent of patients reported current or previous experiences of CIAS. The most common CIAS-related burdens were “unable to perform tasks I could do before or they take longer” (65 %) and “unable to maintain concentration” (64 %). In patients not currently experiencing CIAS (<em>n</em> = 496), these burdens were reported by 52 % and 50 %, respectively. Although CIAS was generally recognized by psychiatrists, the use of appropriate assessment tools and interventions was not common. While many patients reported CIAS-related burdens, a substantial proportion of them were unaware of CIAS. These observations indicate that the greater awareness of CIAS may facilitate its management in clinical practice, thus enhancing the ability of patients to reintegrate into society.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) significantly impact daily functioning, particularly through cognitive deficits like memory impairment. Traditionally attributed to neurobiological factors, recent evidence highlights the role of psychological processes like detachment, which may disrupt episodic memory encoding and retrieval by impairing feature binding. This study used a virtual reality (VR) paradigm to explore whether state detachment in SSDs is linked to impaired feature binding for adverse stimuli.
Methods
Twenty-five SSD patients from Dutch mental health centers and 25 individuals from the general population participated. Using an immersive VR paradigm, participants navigated a virtual shopping mall, interacted with 3D avatars, and identified their emotional facial expressions. Three memory tests followed: avatar identity recognition (basic memory), binding emotional expressions to avatars, and binding avatar identity to the encounter's temporal order. State detachment was measured using the Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS).
Results
The SSD and comparison group did not display significant performance differences in any of the three feature binding tasks. However, across groups, results indicated that higher state detachment levels corresponded with worsened identity-emotion binding specifically for angry faces.
Conclusion
The present study provides tentative empirical support for the role of detachment in feature binding deficits for angry faces both in the patient and comparison group. Future studies should further explore the impact of psychological mechanisms like detachment on memory dysfunction, particularly regarding aversive stimuli.
{"title":"Feature binding and detachment in psychosis: A virtual reality study","authors":"A.J. (Ante) Schlesselmann , G.H.M. (Marieke) Pijnenborg , S.A. (Saskia) Nijman , W. (Wim) Veling , R.J.C. (Rafaele) Huntjens","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2025.100376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2025.100376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) significantly impact daily functioning, particularly through cognitive deficits like memory impairment. Traditionally attributed to neurobiological factors, recent evidence highlights the role of psychological processes like detachment, which may disrupt episodic memory encoding and retrieval by impairing feature binding. This study used a virtual reality (VR) paradigm to explore whether state detachment in SSDs is linked to impaired feature binding for adverse stimuli.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-five SSD patients from Dutch mental health centers and 25 individuals from the general population participated. Using an immersive VR paradigm, participants navigated a virtual shopping mall, interacted with 3D avatars, and identified their emotional facial expressions. Three memory tests followed: avatar identity recognition (basic memory), binding emotional expressions to avatars, and binding avatar identity to the encounter's temporal order. State detachment was measured using the Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The SSD and comparison group did not display significant performance differences in any of the three feature binding tasks. However, across groups, results indicated that higher state detachment levels corresponded with worsened identity-emotion binding specifically for angry faces.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The present study provides tentative empirical support for the role of detachment in feature binding deficits for angry faces both in the patient and comparison group. Future studies should further explore the impact of psychological mechanisms like detachment on memory dysfunction, particularly regarding aversive stimuli.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100376"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144480746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-21DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2025.100373
Amélie M. Achim , Elisabeth Thibaudeau , Frédéric Haesebaert , Audrey Cayouette , Caroline Cellard
Background
People with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) often present with impaired social cognition. Among the measures available to assess these deficits, the Combined stories test (COST) and the Social knowledge test (SKT), that respectively target theory of mind (ToM) and social knowledge, have shown promising psychometric properties in prior studies. Test-retest reliability was however only examined in the general population, and the acceptability of these tests was not previously examined. This study aimed to further document the psychometric properties of the COST and the SKT and the acceptability of these tests in people with SSD and community controls (CO).
Methods
Forty-four (44) participants with SSD and 49 CO were administered the COST and SKT twice, about 4 weeks apart, and were asked to rate the acceptability of the tests on a 0 (Very unpleasant) to 10 (Very pleasant) point scale at both timepoints.
Results
In both groups, the results revealed an excellent inter-rater reliability and a good test-retest reliability for both tests, though the control non-social reasoning measure included in the COST showed poorer test-retest reliability in the SSD group. Some practice effects were observed but the ToM score from the COST and the SKT total score showed no evidence of ceiling effects at either timepoints. The average acceptability scores ranged between 7.8/10 and 8.3/10 for the COST and between 6.8/10 and 7.9/10 for the SKT.
Conclusion
The SKT and the COST present with good psychometric properties, representing good options for future studies or for use in clinical practice.
{"title":"Psychometric properties of the Social knowledge test (SKT) and the Combined stories test (COST) in people with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder","authors":"Amélie M. Achim , Elisabeth Thibaudeau , Frédéric Haesebaert , Audrey Cayouette , Caroline Cellard","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2025.100373","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2025.100373","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>People with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) often present with impaired social cognition. Among the measures available to assess these deficits, the Combined stories test (COST) and the Social knowledge test (SKT), that respectively target theory of mind (ToM) and social knowledge, have shown promising psychometric properties in prior studies. Test-retest reliability was however only examined in the general population, and the acceptability of these tests was not previously examined. This study aimed to further document the psychometric properties of the COST and the SKT and the acceptability of these tests in people with SSD and community controls (CO).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-four (44) participants with SSD and 49 CO were administered the COST and SKT twice, about 4 weeks apart, and were asked to rate the acceptability of the tests on a 0 (Very unpleasant) to 10 (Very pleasant) point scale at both timepoints.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In both groups, the results revealed an excellent inter-rater reliability and a good test-retest reliability for both tests, though the control non-social reasoning measure included in the COST showed poorer test-retest reliability in the SSD group. Some practice effects were observed but the ToM score from the COST and the SKT total score showed no evidence of ceiling effects at either timepoints. The average acceptability scores ranged between 7.8/10 and 8.3/10 for the COST and between 6.8/10 and 7.9/10 for the SKT.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The SKT and the COST present with good psychometric properties, representing good options for future studies or for use in clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-18DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2025.100374
J.B. Schulze , F. Simnacher , T.J. Müller , J. Kirchebner , F. Quatela , C. Mikutta , S. Euler , R. von Känel , M.P. Günther
Introduction
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosed in childhood is associated with a relative risk of 4.74 (95 % CI, 4.11–5.46) for developing schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) later in life; if other comorbidities exist the risk is 2.1-fold higher. There is no guideline on treating ADHD in SSD and no research on the effect of this combination on length of inpatient treatment, type of pharmacotherapy and employment status. This study aims to further explore the role of ADHD in SSD.
Methods
Latent Class Analysis (LCA) uses no a priori assumptions in testing for homogeneous subgroups within a data sample of 2871 inpatient treatment cases of SSD from three psychiatric hospitals. Data was extracted from case files and statistical reports to the federal statistical office.
Results
Two subgroups are identified. One primarily consists of individuals with SSD and ADHD (estimated population size of 3 %). In comparison to the other subgroup with SSD and no ADHD (97 %), these individuals more frequently have other mental comorbidities, especially substance use disorders, are unemployed and about half are administered stimulants. All studied individuals were administered antipsychotics and length of inpatient stay was similar in both subgroups.
Conclusion
ADHD and SSD define a subgroup of individuals with specific treatment needs and additional burden of disease. ADHD is more than an initial misdiagnosis or random precursor disease of SSD. Treating psychiatrists seem to frequently administer stimulants.
{"title":"ADHD and schizophrenia: Mere prodromal variant or homogeneous subgroup?","authors":"J.B. Schulze , F. Simnacher , T.J. Müller , J. Kirchebner , F. Quatela , C. Mikutta , S. Euler , R. von Känel , M.P. Günther","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2025.100374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2025.100374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosed in childhood is associated with a relative risk of 4.74 (95 % CI, 4.11–5.46) for developing schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) later in life; if other comorbidities exist the risk is 2.1-fold higher. There is no guideline on treating ADHD in SSD and no research on the effect of this combination on length of inpatient treatment, type of pharmacotherapy and employment status. This study aims to further explore the role of ADHD in SSD.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Latent Class Analysis (LCA) uses no a priori assumptions in testing for homogeneous subgroups within a data sample of 2871 inpatient treatment cases of SSD from three psychiatric hospitals. Data was extracted from case files and statistical reports to the federal statistical office.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Two subgroups are identified. One primarily consists of individuals with SSD and ADHD (estimated population size of 3 %). In comparison to the other subgroup with SSD and no ADHD (97 %), these individuals more frequently have other mental comorbidities, especially substance use disorders, are unemployed and about half are administered stimulants. All studied individuals were administered antipsychotics and length of inpatient stay was similar in both subgroups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>ADHD and SSD define a subgroup of individuals with specific treatment needs and additional burden of disease. ADHD is more than an initial misdiagnosis or random precursor disease of SSD. Treating psychiatrists seem to frequently administer stimulants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100374"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-10DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2025.100358
Anika Poppe , Leonie Bais , Daniëlle van Duin , Branislava Ćurčić-Blake , Gerdina Hendrika Maria Pijnenborg , Lisette van der Meer
Background and hypothesis
Cognitive impairments are commonly experienced by individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) and are associated with problems in everyday life. This pragmatic, randomized, controlled, pilot trial explored the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary effects of cognitive remediation (CR) combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for cognitive and everyday functioning in individuals with SMI in long-term psychiatric clinical care. We hypothesized that combining CR and tDCS is feasible and acceptable to individuals with SMI.
Study design
Twenty-four individuals with SMI were randomized to either CR + active tDCS (n = 13) or CR + sham tDCS (n = 11) over 32 sessions (16 weeks). Acceptability was evaluated in semi-structured interviews. Cognitive and everyday functioning were evaluated at baseline, post-16 week waiting period, post-intervention, and 6-months post-intervention.
Study results
Overall, participants were positive about the training. Over 60 % of participants successfully finished at least 20 sessions, meeting the predefined criteria for feasibility. CR appeared to yield subjective improvements to participants, significant improvements in cognitive tests post-intervention and at follow-up and improved self-reported negative symptoms at follow-up. Observer-rated everyday functioning and cognition, and subjective cognitive complaints did not change following CR.
Conclusions
This study concludes that CR is an acceptable and feasible intervention for individuals with SMI in long-term psychiatric clinical care. The addition of tDCS requires further investigation to ascertain its potential benefits.
{"title":"Feasibility and acceptability of combining cognitive remediation and tDCS in long-term psychiatric clinical care","authors":"Anika Poppe , Leonie Bais , Daniëlle van Duin , Branislava Ćurčić-Blake , Gerdina Hendrika Maria Pijnenborg , Lisette van der Meer","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2025.100358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2025.100358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and hypothesis</h3><div>Cognitive impairments are commonly experienced by individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) and are associated with problems in everyday life. This pragmatic, randomized, controlled, pilot trial explored the acceptability, feasibility, and preliminary effects of cognitive remediation (CR) combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for cognitive and everyday functioning in individuals with SMI in long-term psychiatric clinical care. We hypothesized that combining CR and tDCS is feasible and acceptable to individuals with SMI.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>Twenty-four individuals with SMI were randomized to either CR + active tDCS (<em>n</em> = 13) or CR + sham tDCS (<em>n</em> = 11) over 32 sessions (16 weeks). Acceptability was evaluated in semi-structured interviews. Cognitive and everyday functioning were evaluated at baseline, post-16 week waiting period, post-intervention, and 6-months post-intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Study results</h3><div>Overall, participants were positive about the training. Over 60 % of participants successfully finished at least 20 sessions, meeting the predefined criteria for feasibility. CR appeared to yield subjective improvements to participants, significant improvements in cognitive tests post-intervention and at follow-up and improved self-reported negative symptoms at follow-up. Observer-rated everyday functioning and cognition, and subjective cognitive complaints did not change following CR.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study concludes that CR is an acceptable and feasible intervention for individuals with SMI in long-term psychiatric clinical care. The addition of tDCS requires further investigation to ascertain its potential benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article 100358"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-02DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2025.100371
Noaz Cohen , Mark Weiser , Abraham Reichenberg , John M. Davis , Michael Davidson , Nomi Werbeloff
Background
Cognitive impairment, a core feature of schizophrenia, is often evident before the onset of illness. The current study aimed to quantify IQ decline following the onset of illness by conducting a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies that evaluated cognitive functioning both before and after the first psychotic episode. Consistency in measurement tools – i.e. whether the same measurement tool was used at both assessments – was considered a potential moderating variable.
Method
Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis - seven using the same measurement tool at both time-points and four using different tools. In addition, meta-regression explored whether the magnitude of IQ decline was associated with age at baseline.
Results
The meta-analysis effect size was −0.343 (95 % CI: −0.503 to −0.184), equivalent to a decrease of 5 IQ points. Use of the same (SMD −0.321, 95 % CI: −0.501 to −0.142) vs different (SMD −0.427, 95 % CI: −0.777 to −0.077) measurement tools was not a moderator of IQ change (p = 0.279). The meta-regression results were not significant (p = 0.544).
Conclusion
The current meta-analysis indicates a slight cognitive decline from the premorbid stage to post-onset. The use of different measurement tools yielded a slightly larger effect size and greater heterogeneity, suggesting that employing the same assessment tool could lead to more accurate results. Future longitudinal studies should focus on determining the timeline of cognitive decline.
{"title":"Cognitive changes in schizophrenia before and after illness onset: A meta-analysis examining consistency in measurement tools as a moderator","authors":"Noaz Cohen , Mark Weiser , Abraham Reichenberg , John M. Davis , Michael Davidson , Nomi Werbeloff","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2025.100371","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2025.100371","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cognitive impairment, a core feature of schizophrenia, is often evident before the onset of illness. The current study aimed to quantify IQ decline following the onset of illness by conducting a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies that evaluated cognitive functioning both before and after the first psychotic episode. Consistency in measurement tools – i.e. whether the same measurement tool was used at both assessments – was considered a potential moderating variable.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis - seven using the same measurement tool at both time-points and four using different tools. In addition, meta-regression explored whether the magnitude of IQ decline was associated with age at baseline.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The meta-analysis effect size was −0.343 (95 % CI: −0.503 to −0.184), equivalent to a decrease of 5 IQ points. Use of the same (SMD −0.321, 95 % CI: −0.501 to −0.142) vs different (SMD −0.427, 95 % CI: −0.777 to −0.077) measurement tools was not a moderator of IQ change (<em>p</em> = 0.279). The meta-regression results were not significant (<em>p</em> = 0.544).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The current meta-analysis indicates a slight cognitive decline from the premorbid stage to post-onset. The use of different measurement tools yielded a slightly larger effect size and greater heterogeneity, suggesting that employing the same assessment tool could lead to more accurate results. Future longitudinal studies should focus on determining the timeline of cognitive decline.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100371"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-26DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2025.100370
Lotte Veddum , Anette Faurskov Bundgaard , Andreas Færgemand Laursen , Sanciya Mano Perfalk , Maja Gregersen , Mette Falkenberg Krantz , Birgitte Klee Burton , Camilla Jerlang Christiani , Ditte Ellersgaard , Sinnika Birkehøj Rohd , Marta Schiavon , Doris Helena Bjarnadóttir Streymá , Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen , Kerstin Plessen , Nicoline Hemager , Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup , Merete Nordentoft , Ole Mors , Aja Neergaard Greve
Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are associated with social cognitive impairments, but knowledge on social cognition in offspring of parents with these disorders is sparse. Moreover, investigations of the potential transgenerational transmission of social cognition in at-risk families are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to investigate social perception in parents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and their adolescent offspring and population-based controls (PBC).
This study is part of The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study, a prospective familial high-risk study of families with parental schizophrenia (n = 202) or bipolar disorder (n = 120) and PBC (n = 200). Social perception was assessed with The Awareness of Social Inferences Task, Part 2A, including a total score and the subscales sincere, simple sarcasm, and paradoxical sarcasm.
Parents with schizophrenia showed poorer performance on the total scale (p < 0.007, d = 0.33) and the paradoxical sarcasm subscale (p < 0.003, d = 0.35) compared with PBC parents. We found no difference between parents with bipolar disorder and PBC parents or between the adolescent offspring. We found no significant interaction effect of familial high-risk status on any association (p ≤ 0.093), but the parents' and their adolescent offspring's social perception was positively and significantly associated on the total scale (p < 0.001), the sincere subscale (p = 0.005), and the simple sarcasm subscale (p = 0.010), but not the paradoxical sarcasm subscale (p = 0.052).
Our findings of transgenerational transmission of social perception in families with parental schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and PBC call for further longitudinal research to determine how social cognitive deficits are transmitted from parents to their offspring.
{"title":"Social perception in parents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and their adolescent offspring – The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study","authors":"Lotte Veddum , Anette Faurskov Bundgaard , Andreas Færgemand Laursen , Sanciya Mano Perfalk , Maja Gregersen , Mette Falkenberg Krantz , Birgitte Klee Burton , Camilla Jerlang Christiani , Ditte Ellersgaard , Sinnika Birkehøj Rohd , Marta Schiavon , Doris Helena Bjarnadóttir Streymá , Jens Richardt Møllegaard Jepsen , Kerstin Plessen , Nicoline Hemager , Anne Amalie Elgaard Thorup , Merete Nordentoft , Ole Mors , Aja Neergaard Greve","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2025.100370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2025.100370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are associated with social cognitive impairments, but knowledge on social cognition in offspring of parents with these disorders is sparse. Moreover, investigations of the potential transgenerational transmission of social cognition in at-risk families are lacking. Therefore, we aimed to investigate social perception in parents with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and their adolescent offspring and population-based controls (PBC).</div><div>This study is part of The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study, a prospective familial high-risk study of families with parental schizophrenia (<em>n</em> = 202) or bipolar disorder (<em>n</em> = 120) and PBC (<em>n</em> = 200). Social perception was assessed with The Awareness of Social Inferences Task, Part 2A, including a total score and the subscales sincere, simple sarcasm, and paradoxical sarcasm.</div><div>Parents with schizophrenia showed poorer performance on the total scale (<em>p</em> < 0.007, <em>d</em> = 0.33) and the paradoxical sarcasm subscale (<em>p</em> < 0.003, <em>d</em> = 0.35) compared with PBC parents. We found no difference between parents with bipolar disorder and PBC parents or between the adolescent offspring. We found no significant interaction effect of familial high-risk status on any association (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.093), but the parents' and their adolescent offspring's social perception was positively and significantly associated on the total scale (<em>p</em> < 0.001), the sincere subscale (<em>p</em> = 0.005), and the simple sarcasm subscale (<em>p</em> = 0.010), but not the paradoxical sarcasm subscale (<em>p</em> = 0.052).</div><div>Our findings of transgenerational transmission of social perception in families with parental schizophrenia or bipolar disorder and PBC call for further longitudinal research to determine how social cognitive deficits are transmitted from parents to their offspring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100370"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-24DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2025.100368
H. Honcamp , L.K. Goller , M. Amorim , S.X. Duggirala , J.F. Johnson , M. Schwartze , A.P. Pinheiro , S.A. Kotz
Background
Previous research on the multidimensionality of hallucination-like experiences (HLEs) across the psychosis continuum highlights methodological disparities, emphasizing the need for a cautious interpretation of findings and transparent reporting of parameters used in the analysis.
Methods
This study aimed to refine the factorial structure of the 16-item Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale (LSHS), enhance methodological clarity, and improve the robustness of LSHS factor solutions. To this end, an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed on a heterogeneous sample (N = 278) with specified parameters (e.g., estimation procedure) that remain true to data characteristics and assumptions underlying EFA.
Results
The results revealed a four-factor structure including “Multisensory HLEs”, “Auditory daydreaming”, “Vivid thoughts and inner speech”, and “Personified HLEs”. Our investigation introduces a new factor specific to the perceived presence of another person or another voice. This aligns with theories on self-monitoring difficulties associated with an external attribution bias as hallucination proneness (HP) increases across the continuum.
Conclusion
The current results provide an opportunity for investigating neurophysiological and neurobehavioral correlates of HP considering highly differentiated individual profiles of HLEs. Future studies should focus on validating the robustness of the four-factor structure derived from this research across diverse samples of the general population (e.g., different age groups and cultural backgrounds). Specified composite scores underlying HLEs could be of additive value when assessing emerging clinical risk on the psychosis continuum.
{"title":"Multidimensionality of hallucination-like experiences: A factor structure refinement of the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale","authors":"H. Honcamp , L.K. Goller , M. Amorim , S.X. Duggirala , J.F. Johnson , M. Schwartze , A.P. Pinheiro , S.A. Kotz","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2025.100368","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2025.100368","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Previous research on the multidimensionality of hallucination-like experiences (HLEs) across the psychosis continuum highlights methodological disparities, emphasizing the need for a cautious interpretation of findings and transparent reporting of parameters used in the analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study aimed to refine the factorial structure of the 16-item Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale (LSHS), enhance methodological clarity, and improve the robustness of LSHS factor solutions. To this end, an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed on a heterogeneous sample (<em>N</em> = 278) with specified parameters (e.g., estimation procedure) that remain true to data characteristics and assumptions underlying EFA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results revealed a four-factor structure including “Multisensory HLEs”, “Auditory daydreaming”, “Vivid thoughts and inner speech”, and “Personified HLEs”. Our investigation introduces a new factor specific to the perceived presence of another person or another voice. This aligns with theories on self-monitoring difficulties associated with an external attribution bias as hallucination proneness (HP) increases across the continuum.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The current results provide an opportunity for investigating neurophysiological and neurobehavioral correlates of HP considering highly differentiated individual profiles of HLEs. Future studies should focus on validating the robustness of the four-factor structure derived from this research across diverse samples of the general population (e.g., different age groups and cultural backgrounds). Specified composite scores underlying HLEs could be of additive value when assessing emerging clinical risk on the psychosis continuum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100368"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-24DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2025.100369
Qi Si , Yingbo Dong , Yuting Li , Guoxin Xu , Yilin Tang , Peiyu Cao , Congxin Chen , Fangfang Ren , Runda Li , Yuxiu Sui
Background
The majority of studies have shown substantially reduced cognitive impairment with ultra-brief pulse (UBP) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) compared to brief pulse (BP) ECT, though the results remain inconclusive.
Methods
This study employed a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial design. A total of 114 patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) were enrolled and received BP ECT (63 participants) or UBP ECT (51 participants). Cognitive function was assessed before and after treatment, with peripheral blood biomarkers and hippocampal magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data collected concurrently.
Results
No significant baseline differences in demographic or clinical characteristics were observed between the two groups. After the end of ECT sessions, the UBP group and BP group respectively showed advantages in the Trail Making Test (TMT) and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT). No between-group differences reached statistical significance in other cognitive tests. The homocysteine, prolactin, inducible nitric oxide synthase and left hippocampal myoinositol (MI) levels were significantly elevated in the UBP group than those in the BP group. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that right hippocampal MI levels were positively correlated with TMT scores.
Conclusion
There are no significant differences in efficacy between UBP ECT at high-dosage and BP ECT, and further research is required to determine whether this modality can reduce cognitive impairment after treatment.
{"title":"Effects of modifying the pulse width on cognitive side effects with electroconvulsive therapy for schizophrenia","authors":"Qi Si , Yingbo Dong , Yuting Li , Guoxin Xu , Yilin Tang , Peiyu Cao , Congxin Chen , Fangfang Ren , Runda Li , Yuxiu Sui","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2025.100369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2025.100369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The majority of studies have shown substantially reduced cognitive impairment with ultra-brief pulse (UBP) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) compared to brief pulse (BP) ECT, though the results remain inconclusive.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study employed a randomized, double-blind, controlled trial design. A total of 114 patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) were enrolled and received BP ECT (63 participants) or UBP ECT (51 participants). Cognitive function was assessed before and after treatment, with peripheral blood biomarkers and hippocampal magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data collected concurrently.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No significant baseline differences in demographic or clinical characteristics were observed between the two groups. After the end of ECT sessions, the UBP group and BP group respectively showed advantages in the Trail Making Test (TMT) and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (HVLT). No between-group differences reached statistical significance in other cognitive tests. The homocysteine, prolactin, inducible nitric oxide synthase and left hippocampal myoinositol (MI) levels were significantly elevated in the UBP group than those in the BP group. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that right hippocampal MI levels were positively correlated with TMT scores.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>There are no significant differences in efficacy between UBP ECT at high-dosage and BP ECT, and further research is required to determine whether this modality can reduce cognitive impairment after treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical trial registration</h3><div><span><span>https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=243964</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>, registration number: ChiCTR2400091601.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100369"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-05-22DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2025.100367
Amy M. Jimenez , Samuel J. Abplanalp , Naomi I. Eisenberger , William P. Horan , Junghee Lee , Amanda McCleery , Ana Ceci Myers , David J. Miklowitz , Eric A. Reavis , L. Felice Reddy , Jonathan K. Wynn , Michael F. Green
Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are characterized by social impairments. Social impairment also occurs in the general community. Across clinical and nonclinical groups social impairment may be related to deficits in social approach and/or social avoidance motivation. However, the neural basis of social motivation deficits in SZ and BD is not well understood, nor is it known if they reflect features of the illness or are secondary to other factors such as social isolation. To fill these knowledge gaps, 31 individuals with SZ, 27 with BD, and 42 community comparisons (CCs) completed a team-based task during fMRI in which positive and negative feedback was provided by pictures of teammates or opponents. Importantly, the CC group was enriched for self-reported social isolation. fMRI analyses in five key regions of interest (ROIs; ventral striatum, orbital frontal cortex, insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala), secondary whole-brain analyses, and associations between ROI activity and social approach/avoidance motivation were performed. Across groups, ventral striatum and amygdala showed greater activation to positive versus negative feedback. In SZ, ventral striatum activity to positive feedback was correlated with social approach motivation. In CCs, amygdala activity during negative feedback was correlated with social avoidance motivation. Whole-brain analyses revealed greater activation in BD compared to SZ and CCs in fronto-parietal regions when feedback was provided by an opponent. Findings support disturbed reward sensitivity as a core component of poor social approach motivation in SZ and offer avenues for future research into neural mechanisms underlying social impairment in BD and the general community.
{"title":"A transdiagnostic approach to understanding neural responsivity to reward and its links to social motivation","authors":"Amy M. Jimenez , Samuel J. Abplanalp , Naomi I. Eisenberger , William P. Horan , Junghee Lee , Amanda McCleery , Ana Ceci Myers , David J. Miklowitz , Eric A. Reavis , L. Felice Reddy , Jonathan K. Wynn , Michael F. Green","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2025.100367","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2025.100367","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are characterized by social impairments. Social impairment also occurs in the general community. Across clinical and nonclinical groups social impairment may be related to deficits in social approach and/or social avoidance motivation. However, the neural basis of social motivation deficits in SZ and BD is not well understood, nor is it known if they reflect features of the illness or are secondary to other factors such as social isolation. To fill these knowledge gaps, 31 individuals with SZ, 27 with BD, and 42 community comparisons (CCs) completed a team-based task during fMRI in which positive and negative feedback was provided by pictures of teammates or opponents. Importantly, the CC group was enriched for self-reported social isolation. fMRI analyses in five key regions of interest (ROIs; ventral striatum, orbital frontal cortex, insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala), secondary whole-brain analyses, and associations between ROI activity and social approach/avoidance motivation were performed. Across groups, ventral striatum and amygdala showed greater activation to positive versus negative feedback. In SZ, ventral striatum activity to positive feedback was correlated with social approach motivation. In CCs, amygdala activity during negative feedback was correlated with social avoidance motivation. Whole-brain analyses revealed greater activation in BD compared to SZ and CCs in fronto-parietal regions when feedback was provided by an opponent. Findings support disturbed reward sensitivity as a core component of poor social approach motivation in SZ and offer avenues for future research into neural mechanisms underlying social impairment in BD and the general community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":"41 ","pages":"Article 100367"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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