Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2023.100288
Jenna Dutterer, Sonia Bansal, Benjamin Robinson, James M. Gold
Background
Sustained attention and vigilance impairments are well documented in people with schizophrenia (PSZ). The processes implicated in this impairment remain unclear. Here we investigated whether vigilance performance varied as a function of working memory load, and also examined the role of attentional lapsing that might arise from a loss of task set resulting in mind wandering.
Method
We examined Continuous Performance Test Identical Pairs (CPT-IP) data from a cumulative sample of 247 (PSZ) and 238 healthy control (HC) participants collected over a series of studies.
Results
PSZ performed more poorly that HC across conditions with signal/noise discrimination (d′) decreasing with increasing working memory load across both groups However, there was a significant interaction of group and load suggesting that performance of PSZ was more negatively impacted by increasing load. We also found that PSZ has a significantly higher rate of attention lapsing than did HC.
Discussion
Our results suggest that difficulties maintaining task set and working memory limitations are implicated in the impairments observed on the Identical Pairs CPT. Difficulties with task set maintenance appear to explain the majority of between-group variance, with a more subtle impact of increasing working memory load.
{"title":"Sustained attention deficits in schizophrenia: Effect of memory load on the Identical Pairs Continuous Performance Test","authors":"Jenna Dutterer, Sonia Bansal, Benjamin Robinson, James M. Gold","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sustained attention and vigilance impairments are well documented in people with schizophrenia (PSZ). The processes implicated in this impairment remain unclear. Here we investigated whether vigilance performance varied as a function of working memory load, and also examined the role of attentional lapsing that might arise from a loss of task set resulting in mind wandering.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>We examined Continuous Performance Test Identical Pairs (CPT-IP) data from a cumulative sample of 247 (PSZ) and 238 healthy control (HC) participants collected over a series of studies.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>PSZ performed more poorly that HC across conditions with signal/noise discrimination (d′) decreasing with increasing working memory load across both groups However, there was a significant interaction of group and load suggesting that performance of PSZ was more negatively impacted by increasing load. We also found that PSZ has a significantly higher rate of attention lapsing than did HC.</p></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Our results suggest that difficulties maintaining task set and working memory limitations are implicated in the impairments observed on the Identical Pairs CPT. Difficulties with task set maintenance appear to explain the majority of between-group variance, with a more subtle impact of increasing working memory load.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/36/25/main.PMC10239014.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10301634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2023.100283
Urska Arnautovska , Kathryn Vitangcol , James P. Kesby , Nicola Warren , Susan L. Rossell , Erica Neill , Anthony Harris , Cherrie Galletly , David Castle , Dan Siskind
Objective
In the general population, repeated cognitive testing produces learning effects with potential for improved test performance. It is currently unclear whether the same effect of repeated cognitive testing on cognition pertains to people living with schizophrenia, a condition often associated with significant cognitive impairments. This study aims to evaluate learning ability in people with schizophrenia and—considering the evidence that antipsychotic medication can additionally impair cognitive performance—explore the potential impact of anticholinergic burden on verbal and visual learning.
Method
The study included 86 patients with schizophrenia, treated with clozapine, who had persisting negative symptoms. They were assessed at baseline, weeks 8, 24 and 52 using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised (HVLT-R) and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-R (BVMT-R).
Results
There were no significant improvements in verbal or visual learning across all measurements. Neither the clozapine/norclozapine ratio nor anticholinergic cognitive burden significantly predicted participants' total learning. Premorbid IQ was significantly associated with verbal learning on the HVLT-R.
Conclusions
These findings advance our understanding of cognitive performance in people with schizophrenia and demonstrate limited learning performance in individuals with treatment-refractory schizophrenia.
{"title":"Verbal and visual learning ability in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: A 1-year follow-up study","authors":"Urska Arnautovska , Kathryn Vitangcol , James P. Kesby , Nicola Warren , Susan L. Rossell , Erica Neill , Anthony Harris , Cherrie Galletly , David Castle , Dan Siskind","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>In the general population, repeated cognitive testing produces learning effects with potential for improved test performance. It is currently unclear whether the same effect of repeated cognitive testing on cognition pertains to people living with schizophrenia, a condition often associated with significant cognitive impairments. This study aims to evaluate learning ability in people with schizophrenia and—considering the evidence that antipsychotic medication can additionally impair cognitive performance—explore the potential impact of anticholinergic burden on verbal and visual learning.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>The study included 86 patients with schizophrenia, treated with clozapine, who had persisting negative symptoms. They were assessed at baseline, weeks 8, 24 and 52 using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test–Revised (HVLT-R) and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-R (BVMT-R).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There were no significant improvements in verbal or visual learning across all measurements. Neither the clozapine/norclozapine ratio nor anticholinergic cognitive burden significantly predicted participants' total learning. Premorbid IQ was significantly associated with verbal learning on the HVLT-R.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings advance our understanding of cognitive performance in people with schizophrenia and demonstrate limited learning performance in individuals with treatment-refractory schizophrenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10063404/pdf/main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9233869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2023.100285
Tim Schuster , Agnes Lowe , Karolin Weide , Daniel Kamp , Mathias Riesbeck , Andreas Bechdolf , Anke Brockhaus-Dumke , René Hurlemann , Ana Muthesius , Stefan Klingberg , Martin Hellmich , Sabine Schmied , Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg , Wolfgang Wölwer , the ISST study group
Patients with schizophrenia often have cognitive impairments that contribute to diminished psychosocial functioning. Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) has proven efficacy and is recommended by evidence-based treatment guidelines. Important moderators of efficacy include integration of CRT into a psychiatric rehabilitation concept and patient attendance at a sufficient number of therapy sessions. These conditions can probably best be met in an outpatient setting; however, outpatient treatment is prone to higher rates of treatment discontinuation and outpatient settings are not as well protected as inpatient ones and less closely supervised.
The present study investigated the feasibility of outpatient CRT in schizophrenia over a six-month period. Adherence to scheduled sessions and safety parameters were assessed in 177 patients with schizophrenia randomly assigned to one of two matched CRT programs.
Results showed that 58.8 % of participants completed the CRT (>80 % of scheduled sessions) and 72.9 % completed at least half the sessions. Predictor analysis revealed a high verbal intelligence quotient as favorable for good adherence, but this factor had only low general predictive power. During the six-month treatment phase, serious adverse events occurred in 15.8 % (28/177) of the patients, which is a comparable rate to that reported in the literature.
Our findings support the feasibility of six-month outpatient CRT in schizophrenia in terms of adherence to scheduled sessions and safety.
{"title":"Feasibility of six-month outpatient cognitive remediation in schizophrenia: Experience from the randomized controlled integrated social cognition and social skills therapy study","authors":"Tim Schuster , Agnes Lowe , Karolin Weide , Daniel Kamp , Mathias Riesbeck , Andreas Bechdolf , Anke Brockhaus-Dumke , René Hurlemann , Ana Muthesius , Stefan Klingberg , Martin Hellmich , Sabine Schmied , Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg , Wolfgang Wölwer , the ISST study group","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Patients with schizophrenia often have cognitive impairments that contribute to diminished psychosocial functioning. Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) has proven efficacy and is recommended by evidence-based treatment guidelines. Important moderators of efficacy include integration of CRT into a psychiatric rehabilitation concept and patient attendance at a sufficient number of therapy sessions. These conditions can probably best be met in an outpatient setting; however, outpatient treatment is prone to higher rates of treatment discontinuation and outpatient settings are not as well protected as inpatient ones and less closely supervised.</p><p>The present study investigated the feasibility of outpatient CRT in schizophrenia over a six-month period. Adherence to scheduled sessions and safety parameters were assessed in 177 patients with schizophrenia randomly assigned to one of two matched CRT programs.</p><p>Results showed that 58.8 % of participants completed the CRT (>80 % of scheduled sessions) and 72.9 % completed at least half the sessions. Predictor analysis revealed a high verbal intelligence quotient as favorable for good adherence, but this factor had only low general predictive power. During the six-month treatment phase, serious adverse events occurred in 15.8 % (28/177) of the patients, which is a comparable rate to that reported in the literature.</p><p>Our findings support the feasibility of six-month outpatient CRT in schizophrenia in terms of adherence to scheduled sessions and safety.</p></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><p><span>NCT02678858</span><svg><path></path></svg>, DRKS00010033.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c9/5c/main.PMC10163670.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9444304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2023.100284
Christine Mohn , Anna-Karin Olsson , Iris van Dijk Härd , Lars Helldin
Individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) have significantly lower life-expectancy than healthy people. Previously, we have identified baseline neurocognitive function in general and verbal memory and executive function in particular as related to mortality nearly two decades later. In this study, we aim to replicate these findings with a larger and age-matched sample. The patient group consisted of 252 individuals, 44 of whom were deceased and 206 alive. Neurocognition was assessed with a comprehensive battery. Results showed that the deceased group, compared to the living group, had significantly more severe neurocognitive deficits across nearly all domains. There were no differences in sex, remission status, psychosis symptoms, or function level between the groups. Immediate verbal memory and executive function were the strongest predictors of survival status. These results were nearly identical to our previous studies, and we conclude that baseline neurocognitive function is an important predictor for mortality in SSD. Clinicians should be mindful of this relationship in patients with significant cognitive deficits.
{"title":"Neurocognitive function and mortality in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders","authors":"Christine Mohn , Anna-Karin Olsson , Iris van Dijk Härd , Lars Helldin","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) have significantly lower life-expectancy than healthy people. Previously, we have identified baseline neurocognitive function in general and verbal memory and executive function in particular as related to mortality nearly two decades later. In this study, we aim to replicate these findings with a larger and age-matched sample. The patient group consisted of 252 individuals, 44 of whom were deceased and 206 alive. Neurocognition was assessed with a comprehensive battery. Results showed that the deceased group, compared to the living group, had significantly more severe neurocognitive deficits across nearly all domains. There were no differences in sex, remission status, psychosis symptoms, or function level between the groups. Immediate verbal memory and executive function were the strongest predictors of survival status. These results were nearly identical to our previous studies, and we conclude that baseline neurocognitive function is an important predictor for mortality in SSD. Clinicians should be mindful of this relationship in patients with significant cognitive deficits.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10106500/pdf/main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9384464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Increasing evidence of a common neurodevelopmental etiology between schizophrenia and developmental dyslexia suggests that neurocognitive functions, such as reading, may be similarly disrupted. However, direct comparisons of reading performance in these disorders have yet to be conducted. To address this gap in the literature, we employed a gaze-contingent moving window paradigm to examine sentence-level reading fluency and perceptual span (breadth of parafoveal processing) in adults with schizophrenia (dataset from Whitford et al., 2013) and psychiatrically healthy adults with dyslexia (newly collected dataset). We found that the schizophrenia and dyslexia groups exhibited similar reductions in sentence-level reading fluency (e.g., slower reading rates, more regressions) compared to matched controls. Similar reductions were also found for standardized language/reading and executive functioning measures. However, despite these reductions, the dyslexia group exhibited a larger perceptual span (greater parafoveal processing) than the schizophrenia group, potentially reflecting a disruption in normal foveal-parafoveal processing dynamics. Taken together, our findings suggest that reading and reading-related functions are largely similarly disrupted in schizophrenia and dyslexia, providing additional support for a common neurodevelopmental etiology.
越来越多的证据表明,精神分裂症和发育性阅读障碍之间存在一种常见的神经发育病因,这表明神经认知功能,如阅读,也可能受到类似的干扰。然而,尚未对这些障碍的阅读表现进行直接比较。为了填补文献中的这一空白,我们采用了一种基于凝视的移动窗口范式来检查患有精神分裂症的成年人(数据集来自Whitford et al.,2013)和患有阅读障碍的精神健康成年人(新收集的数据集)的句子级阅读流畅性和感知广度(副心加工的广度)。我们发现,与匹配的对照组相比,精神分裂症和阅读障碍组在句子水平的阅读流利性方面表现出类似的下降(例如,阅读速度较慢,退步较多)。标准化语言/阅读和行政职能措施也出现了类似的减少。然而,尽管有这些减少,阅读障碍组比精神分裂症组表现出更大的感知跨度(更大的中央凹旁加工),这可能反映了正常中央凹旁处理动力学的中断。总之,我们的研究结果表明,在精神分裂症和阅读障碍中,阅读和阅读相关功能在很大程度上受到了类似的破坏,这为一种常见的神经发育病因提供了额外的支持。
{"title":"Eye movements and the perceptual span in disordered reading: A comparison of schizophrenia and dyslexia","authors":"Veronica Whitford , Narissa Byers , Gillian A. O'Driscoll , Debra Titone","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Increasing evidence of a common neurodevelopmental etiology between schizophrenia and developmental dyslexia suggests that neurocognitive functions, such as reading, may be similarly disrupted. However, direct comparisons of reading performance in these disorders have yet to be conducted. To address this gap in the literature, we employed a gaze-contingent moving window paradigm to examine sentence-level reading fluency and perceptual span (breadth of parafoveal processing) in adults with schizophrenia (dataset from Whitford et al., 2013) and psychiatrically healthy adults with dyslexia (newly collected dataset). We found that the schizophrenia and dyslexia groups exhibited similar reductions in sentence-level reading fluency (e.g., slower reading rates, more regressions) compared to matched controls. Similar reductions were also found for standardized language/reading and executive functioning measures. However, despite these reductions, the dyslexia group exhibited a larger perceptual span (greater parafoveal processing) than the schizophrenia group, potentially reflecting a disruption in normal foveal-parafoveal processing dynamics. Taken together, our findings suggest that reading and reading-related functions are largely similarly disrupted in schizophrenia and dyslexia, providing additional support for a common neurodevelopmental etiology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a8/45/main.PMC10331593.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9812410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2023.100279
Philip D. Harveyc
{"title":"Preface to themed collection: Cognition in China from 2020 to 2022","authors":"Philip D. Harveyc","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100279","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/09/5d/main.PMC10039293.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9547116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2022.100276
Nana Asiedu , Emmanuel Kiiza Mwesiga , Dickens Akena , Corey Morrison , Joy Louise Gumikiriza-Onoria , Angel Nanteza , Juliet Nakku , Nastassja Koen , Noeline Nakasujja , Wilber Ssembajjwe , Christopher M. Ferraris , Anthony F. Santoro , Dan J. Stein , Reuben N. Robbins
Introduction
Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) is commonly exhibited among patients experiencing their first episode of psychosis. However, there are few resources in many low-income countries, such as Uganda, that allow for the administration of extensive neurocognitive test batteries for the detection of NCI. NeuroScreen is a brief tablet-based neurocognitive assessment battery that can be administered by all levels of healthcare staff. We examined the validity of NeuroScreen to assess neurocognition and detect NCI in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients in Uganda.
Methods
We enrolled 112 participants FEP patients and matched controls at Butabika Mental Referral Hospital. Each participant completed NeuroScreen and a traditionally administered neurocognitive battery: the MATRIC Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). We examined correlations between participant performance on NeuroScreen and the MCCB. A ROC curve determined sensitivity and specificity of NeuroScreen to detect NCI as determined by MCCB criterion.
Results
There was a large, statistically significant correlation between overall performance on NeuroScreen and the MCCB [r(112) = 0.64, p < .001]. Small to large correlations were found between tests in the MCCB and NeuroScreen batteries. The ROC curve of NeuroScreen performance to detect MCCB-defined NCI had an area under curve of 0.80 and optimal sensitivity and specificity of 83 % and 60 %, respectively.
Conclusion
There was a moderate positive correlation between overall performance on both batteries. NeuroScreen shows promise as a valid assessment battery to assess neurocognition and detect NCI in FEP patients in Uganda. Further studies of NeuroScreen in healthy individuals and in a range of mental disorders are recommended.
{"title":"Evaluating construct and criterion validity of NeuroScreen in assessing neurocognition among hospitalized Ugandan first-episode psychosis patients","authors":"Nana Asiedu , Emmanuel Kiiza Mwesiga , Dickens Akena , Corey Morrison , Joy Louise Gumikiriza-Onoria , Angel Nanteza , Juliet Nakku , Nastassja Koen , Noeline Nakasujja , Wilber Ssembajjwe , Christopher M. Ferraris , Anthony F. Santoro , Dan J. Stein , Reuben N. Robbins","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2022.100276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2022.100276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Neurocognitive impairment (NCI) is commonly exhibited among patients experiencing their first episode of psychosis. However, there are few resources in many low-income countries, such as Uganda, that allow for the administration of extensive neurocognitive test batteries for the detection of NCI. <em>NeuroScreen</em> is a brief tablet-based neurocognitive assessment battery that can be administered by all levels of healthcare staff. We examined the validity of <em>NeuroScreen</em> to assess neurocognition and detect NCI in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients in Uganda.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We enrolled 112 participants FEP patients and matched controls at Butabika Mental Referral Hospital. Each participant completed <em>NeuroScreen</em> and a traditionally administered neurocognitive battery: the MATRIC Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). We examined correlations between participant performance on <em>NeuroScreen</em> and the MCCB. A ROC curve determined sensitivity and specificity of <em>NeuroScreen</em> to detect NCI as determined by MCCB criterion.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>There was a large, statistically significant correlation between overall performance on <em>NeuroScreen</em> and the MCCB [<em>r</em>(112) = 0.64, <em>p</em> < .001]. Small to large correlations were found between tests in the MCCB and <em>NeuroScreen</em> batteries. The ROC curve of <em>NeuroScreen</em> performance to detect MCCB-defined NCI had an area under curve of 0.80 and optimal sensitivity and specificity of 83 % and 60 %, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>There was a moderate positive correlation between overall performance on both batteries. <em>NeuroScreen</em> shows promise as a valid assessment battery to assess neurocognition and detect NCI in FEP patients in Uganda. Further studies of <em>NeuroScreen</em> in healthy individuals and in a range of mental disorders are recommended.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/8e/10/main.PMC9803945.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10533160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2022.100277
Susanna Gebhardt , Henry A. Nasrallah
Cognitive impairment is one of the core clinical symptom domains of schizophrenia. Research shows that cognitive deficits in this neuropsychiatric syndrome is associated with neurodevelopmental pathology affecting multiple brain regions such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus and the parietal lobe. The insula is a relatively small structure that is highly connected with several brain regions as well as multiple brain networks. A large number of studies have reported the involvement of the insula in many of the psychotic and nonpsychotic manifestations of schizophrenia. Here we review the role of the insula as a hub across key neurocircuits which have been implicated in the various cognitive pathologies in schizophrenia. Structural and functional abnormalities in the right and left insulae may serve as a biomarker for susceptibility to schizophrenia.
{"title":"The role of the insula in cognitive impairment of schizophrenia","authors":"Susanna Gebhardt , Henry A. Nasrallah","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2022.100277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2022.100277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cognitive impairment is one of the core clinical symptom domains of schizophrenia. Research shows that cognitive deficits in this neuropsychiatric syndrome is associated with neurodevelopmental pathology affecting multiple brain regions such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus and the parietal lobe. The insula is a relatively small structure that is highly connected with several brain regions as well as multiple brain networks. A large number of studies have reported the involvement of the insula in many of the psychotic and nonpsychotic manifestations of schizophrenia. Here we review the role of the insula as a hub across key neurocircuits which have been implicated in the various cognitive pathologies in schizophrenia. Structural and functional abnormalities in the right and left insulae may serve as a biomarker for susceptibility to schizophrenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b4/81/main.PMC9841050.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10555540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2023.100281
Antigoni Belekou , Mohammad Zia Ul Haq Katshu , Neil Michael Dundon , Giovanni d'Avossa , Nikolaos Smyrnis
Working memory (WM) impairments are well recognized in schizophrenia patients (PSZ) and contribute to poor psycho-social outcomes in this population. Distinct neural networks underlay the ability to encode and recall visual and spatial information raising the possibility that profile of visual working memory performance may help pinpoint dysfunctional neural correlates in schizophrenia. This study assessed the resolution and associative aspects of visual working memory deficits in schizophrenia and whether these deficits arise during encoding or maintenance processes. A total of 60 participants (30 PSZ and 30 healthy controls) matched in age, gender and education assessed on a modified object in place (OiPT), a delayed non-match-to-sample (DNMST) and a delayed spatial estimation (DSET) task. Patients demonstrated lower accuracy than controls in binding visual features of the same object and recognizing novel objects as well as lower precision recalling the location of a memorized target. Moreover, response choice set size affected recognition accuracy more in PSZ than controls. However, delay duration affected spatial recall precisions, binding, and recognition accuracy equally in the two groups. Our results suggest that visual working memory (vWM) impairments in schizophrenia predominantly reflect spatial and non-spatial binding deficits, with largely preserved discrete feature information. Moreover, these impairments likely arise more during encoding than during maintenance. These binding deficits may reflect impaired effective neural functional connectivity observed in schizophrenia.
{"title":"Spatial and non-spatial feature binding impairments in visual working memory in schizophrenia","authors":"Antigoni Belekou , Mohammad Zia Ul Haq Katshu , Neil Michael Dundon , Giovanni d'Avossa , Nikolaos Smyrnis","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100281","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100281","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Working memory (WM) impairments are well recognized in schizophrenia patients (PSZ) and contribute to poor psycho-social outcomes in this population. Distinct neural networks underlay the ability to encode and recall visual and spatial information raising the possibility that profile of visual working memory performance may help pinpoint dysfunctional neural correlates in schizophrenia. This study assessed the resolution and associative aspects of visual working memory deficits in schizophrenia and whether these deficits arise during encoding or maintenance processes. A total of 60 participants (30 PSZ and 30 healthy controls) matched in age, gender and education assessed on a modified object in place (OiPT), a delayed non-match-to-sample (DNMST) and a delayed spatial estimation (DSET) task. Patients demonstrated lower accuracy than controls in binding visual features of the same object and recognizing novel objects as well as lower precision recalling the location of a memorized target. Moreover, response choice set size affected recognition accuracy more in PSZ than controls. However, delay duration affected spatial recall precisions, binding, and recognition accuracy equally in the two groups. Our results suggest that visual working memory (vWM) impairments in schizophrenia predominantly reflect spatial and non-spatial binding deficits, with largely preserved discrete feature information. Moreover, these impairments likely arise more during encoding than during maintenance. These binding deficits may reflect impaired effective neural functional connectivity observed in schizophrenia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/38/5c/main.PMC9930192.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9314911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2023.100278
Varsha D. Badal , Colin A. Depp , Amy E. Pinkham , Philip D. Harvey
Objective
Introspective Accuracy (IA) is a metacognitive construct that refers to alignment of self-generated accuracy judgments, confidence, and objective information regarding performance. IA not only refers to accuracy and confidence during tasks, but also predicts functional outcomes. The consistency and magnitude of IA deficits suggest a sustained disconnect between self-assessments and actual performance. The cognitive origins of IA are unclear and are not simply due to poor performance. We tried to capture task and diagnosis-related differences through examining confidence as a timeseries.
Method
This relatively large sample (N = 171; Bipolar = 71, Schizophrenia = 100) study used item by item confidence judgments for tasks including the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) and the Emotion Recognition task (ER-40). Using a seasonal decomposition approach and AutoRegressive, Integrative and Moving Averages (ARIMA) time-series analyses we tested for the presence of randomness and perseveration.
Results
For the WCST, comparisons across participants with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder found similar trends and residuals, thus excluding perseverative or random responding. However, seasonal components were weaker in participants with schizophrenia, reflecting a reduced impact of feedback on confidence. In contrast, for the ER40, which does not require identification of a sustained construct, seasonal, trend, and residual analyses were highly comparable.
Conclusion
Seasonal analysis revealed that confidence judgments in participants with schizophrenia on tasks requiring responses to feedback reflected diminished incorporation of external information, not random or preservative responding. These analyses highlight how time series analyses can specify potential faulty processes for future intervention.
{"title":"Dynamics of task-based confidence in schizophrenia using seasonal decomposition approach","authors":"Varsha D. Badal , Colin A. Depp , Amy E. Pinkham , Philip D. Harvey","doi":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.scog.2023.100278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Introspective Accuracy (IA) is a metacognitive construct that refers to alignment of self-generated accuracy judgments, confidence, and objective information regarding performance. IA not only refers to accuracy and confidence during tasks, but also predicts functional outcomes. The consistency and magnitude of IA deficits suggest a sustained disconnect between self-assessments and actual performance. The cognitive origins of IA are unclear and are not simply due to poor performance. We tried to capture task and diagnosis-related differences through examining confidence as a timeseries.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>This relatively large sample (N = 171; Bipolar = 71, Schizophrenia = 100) study used item by item confidence judgments for tasks including the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) and the Emotion Recognition task (ER-40). Using a seasonal decomposition approach and AutoRegressive, Integrative and Moving Averages (ARIMA) time-series analyses we tested for the presence of randomness and perseveration.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>For the WCST, comparisons across participants with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder found similar trends and residuals, thus excluding perseverative or random responding. However, seasonal components were weaker in participants with schizophrenia, reflecting a reduced impact of feedback on confidence. In contrast, for the ER40, which does not require identification of a sustained construct, seasonal, trend, and residual analyses were highly comparable.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Seasonal analysis revealed that confidence judgments in participants with schizophrenia on tasks requiring responses to feedback reflected diminished incorporation of external information, not random or preservative responding. These analyses highlight how time series analyses can specify potential faulty processes for future intervention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":38119,"journal":{"name":"Schizophrenia Research-Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b5/14/main.PMC9883296.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10597529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}