Schizophrenia Research-Cognition最新文献_第2页

Use of reference markers in the speech of people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: Evidence from two referential communication tasks manipulating common ground with the interaction partner

IF 2.3 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Schizophrenia Research-Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2024.100343

Amélie M. Achim , Dominique Knutsen , Marc-André Roy , Souleymane Gadio , Marion Fossard

Introduction

People with schizophrenia spectrum disorders present with language dysfunctions, yet we know little about their use of reference markers (indefinite markers, definite markers, pronouns or names), a fundamental aspect of efficient speech production.

Methods

Twenty-five (25) participants with a recent-onset schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SZ) and 25 healthy controls (HC) completed two referential communication tasks. The tasks involved presenting to an interaction partner a series of movie characters (character identification task) and movie scenes composed of six images (narration task). A manipulation was introduced such that half of the movies could be considered as Likely-Known by the interaction partner, whereas the other half was Likely-Unknown. The analyses focused on the reference markers used to present the movie characters during the tasks.

Results

During the character identification task, the SZ group used fewer names and more pronouns than the HC. During the narration task, the SZ group used fewer names and more definite references when initially introducing the main story characters, while no group effect emerged for subsequent mentions of the characters. The observed effects of conditions were generally present across both groups, except for a lesser adjustment in the use of definite markers when introducing the story characters.

Conclusions

While some group differences emerged, people with SZ were generally sensitive to the manipulation regarding their interaction partner's likely knowledge of the characters. A better understanding of the conditions in which speech production is affected in SZ could help promote more efficient communication.

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引用次数: 0

Neurocognitive dysfunctions in childhood-onset schizophrenia: A systematic review

IF 2.3 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Schizophrenia Research-Cognition

Pub Date : 2025-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2024.100342

A. Armita , J. Guivarch , E. Dor , G. Laure , R. Zeghari , M. Gindt , S. Thümmler , F. Askenazy , A. Fernandez

Objective

To conduct a systematic review of neurocognitive dysfunctions in patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS), a neuropsychiatric disorder that occurs before age 13 and is rarer and more severe than adult-onset schizophrenia.

Method

A search was made in the PubMed database. Sixty-seven studies (out of 543) which analyzed Intellectual Quotient (IQ), attentional, memory and executive functions were selected by two independent researchers. Study's appraisal was done according to the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024548945).

Result

COS shows neurocognitive dysfunction in IQ with mean scores ranging from one to two standard deviation lower than normative data. Attentional deficits are observed with longer reaction time, more errors of omission and commission and slower processing speed than controls. In addition, working memory and executive functions, such as planification and flexibility are impaired. COS exhibit significantly more neurocognitive deficits than adolescent and adult-onset forms and display deterioration in intellectual functioning between premorbid period and after onset of psychosis.

Conclusion

COS is characterized by major cognitive impairments, both before the onset of the disease and throughout its course. As in adult-onset schizophrenia, generalized cognitive impairment is found without the emergence of a specific profile, providing further support for the continuum hypothesis between early-onset and adult-onset schizophrenia. Collaborative research on a larger scale (including meta-analyses) and using complementary approaches (dimensional and multimodal) is needed to gain a better understanding of the cognitive impact of COS and pave the way for more precise and targeted cognitive remediation.

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引用次数: 0

Efficacy and safety of iclepertin (BI 425809) with adjunctive computerized cognitive training in patients with schizophrenia iclepertin （BI 425809）与辅助计算机认知训练对精神分裂症患者的疗效和安全性。

IF 2.3 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Schizophrenia Research-Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2024.100340

Philip D. Harvey , Sean McDonald , Eric Fu , Corey Reuteman-Fowler

Despite significant patient burden, there are no approved pharmacotherapies to treat symptoms of cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS). This double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group Phase II trial assessed the efficacy and safety of pharmacological augmentation of at-home computerized cognitive training (CCT) with iclepertin (BI 425809, a glycine transporter-1 inhibitor). Participants with schizophrenia (aged 18–50 years) on stable antipsychotic therapy, who were compliant with CCT during the run-in period, were enrolled. Patients were randomized (1:1) to once daily iclepertin 10 mg or placebo for 12 weeks, and all patients completed adjunctive CCT. At Week 12, the change from baseline in neurocognitive composite T-score of the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (primary endpoint), Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale interviewer total score, and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total score (secondary endpoints) were assessed. Performance was also assessed using Virtual Reality Functional Capacity Assessment Tool adjusted total time T-score. Of 200 randomized patients, 154 (77.0 %) completed the trial. At efficacy endpoint assessment, no differences were observed between treatment groups. Adverse events (AEs) were reported by 39 patients in the iclepertin 10 mg + CCT group and 57 patients in the placebo + CCT group; most AEs were mild to moderate. To our knowledge, this trial is the largest of its kind combining daily pharmacotherapy for CIAS with at-home CCT. Although efficacy was not demonstrated, the safety profile of iclepertin 10 mg was consistent with previous studies and no new risks were identified.

Clinical trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03859973

尽管患者负担沉重，但目前还没有批准的药物治疗方法来治疗与精神分裂症（CIAS）相关的认知障碍症状。这项双盲、安慰剂对照、平行组II期试验评估了iclepertin （BI 425809，一种甘氨酸转运蛋白-1抑制剂）药物增强家庭计算机化认知训练（CCT）的有效性和安全性。接受稳定抗精神病药物治疗的精神分裂症患者（18-50岁）在磨合期接受CCT治疗。患者被随机分配（1:1）至每日一次iclepertin 10 mg或安慰剂组，持续12周，所有患者完成辅助CCT。在第12周，评估从基线开始的神经认知综合t评分（主要终点）、精神分裂症认知评定量表采访者总分和阳性和阴性综合征量表总分（次要终点）的变化。还使用虚拟现实功能能力评估工具调整总时间t评分对性能进行评估。在200名随机患者中，154名（77.0%）完成了试验。在疗效终点评估中，治疗组间无差异。iclepertin 10 mg + CCT组报告了39例不良事件（ae），安慰剂+ CCT组报告了57例；大多数ae为轻度至中度。据我们所知，该试验是同类试验中最大的将CIAS每日药物治疗与家庭CCT相结合的试验。虽然没有证实疗效，但iclepertin 10mg的安全性与先前的研究一致，没有发现新的风险。临床试验注册：ClinicalTrials.gov标识符：NCT03859973。

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引用次数: 0

The efficacy and safety of dual-target rTMS over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and cerebellum in the treatment of negative symptoms in first-episode schizophrenia: Protocol for a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled study 经背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）和小脑的双靶点rTMS治疗首发精神分裂症阴性症状的有效性和安全性：一项多中心、随机、双盲、假对照研究方案

IF 2.3 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Schizophrenia Research-Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2024.100339

Junjie Wang , Yanyan Wei , Qiang Hu , Yingying Tang , Hongliang Zhu , Jijun Wang

Background and objective

The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) - cerebellum circuit has been implicated in the pathogenesis of negative symptoms of schizophrenia (SZ). Both areas are considered separate targets for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) treatment, showing potential for improving negative symptoms. However, there is still a lack of research that targets both DLPFC and cerebellum simultaneously. In this study, we will explore the efficacy and safety of dual-target rTMS based on the DLPFC-cerebellum circuit in the treatment of negative symptoms in SZ.

Methods

The study is a multicenter randomized, double-blind, and sham-controlled trial. First-episode schizophrenia is treated with adjunctive 1 Hz rTMS to the right DLPFC and intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) to the cerebellum delivered sequentially in 20 sessions (active group) or a sham condition (sham group) along with antipsychotics. Clinical symptoms are assessed using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) at baseline (T0), at the middle of the TMS intervention (after 10 sessions, T1), at the end of the intervention (after 20 sessions, T2), and at a 4-week follow-up after the intervention concludes (T3). Subjects will undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans twice: once at baseline (T0) and again at the end of TMS intervention (T2). Comparisons of improvements in negative symptoms are conducted between the active and sham groups. Alterations in functional connectivity (FC) are also compared between both groups. Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis is performed to estimate the relationship between FC alteration and clinical symptom remission (PANSS negative subscale reduction scores and response rates, etc) depending on whether the data follows a normal distribution. In addition, potential neuroimaging biomarkers based on MRI associated with TMS treatment will be explored.

Discussion

Positive results from this double-blind, sham-controlled, randomized study may optimize the TMS treatment strategy for SZ, particularly in managing negative symptoms. Clinicians can select TMS with increased confidence as a safe adjunctive treatment option. Furthermore, the findings of this trial may offer preliminary insights into the potential neuroimaging therapeutic mechanisms of TMS interventions targeting the prefrontal-cerebellar circuit.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04853485

Primary sponsor: Jijun WANG (J. Wang), Principal Investigator: [email protected]

背景与目的背外侧前额叶皮层(DLPFC) -小脑回路与精神分裂症（SZ）阴性症状的发病有关。这两个区域被认为是重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）治疗的单独目标，显示出改善阴性症状的潜力。然而，目前还缺乏同时针对DLPFC和小脑的研究。在本研究中，我们将探讨基于dlpfc -小脑回路的双靶点rTMS治疗SZ阴性症状的有效性和安全性。方法采用多中心随机、双盲、假对照试验。首发精神分裂症的治疗方法是对右侧DLPFC进行1hz的rTMS辅助治疗，并连续20次对小脑进行间歇性θ波爆发刺激（iTBS）（活跃组）或假手术（假手术组），同时服用抗精神病药物。临床症状评估采用阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）在基线（T0），在TMS干预中期（10个疗程后，T1），在干预结束时（20个疗程后，T2），并在干预结束后的4周随访（T3）。受试者将接受两次磁共振成像（MRI）扫描：一次在基线（T0），另一次在TMS干预结束时（T2）。在积极组和假手术组之间进行阴性症状改善的比较。还比较了两组之间功能连接（FC）的变化。根据数据是否服从正态分布，进行Pearson或Spearman相关分析来估计FC改变与临床症状缓解（PANSS负亚量表减少评分和有效率等）之间的关系。此外，还将探索基于MRI与TMS治疗相关的潜在神经成像生物标志物。这项双盲、假对照、随机研究的阳性结果可能优化经颅磁刺激治疗SZ的策略，特别是在处理阴性症状方面。临床医生可以更有信心地选择经颅磁刺激作为一种安全的辅助治疗方案。此外，本试验的发现可能为针对前额叶-小脑回路的经颅磁刺激干预的潜在神经影像学治疗机制提供初步见解。试验注册：ClinicalTrials.gov nct04853485主要发起人：王吉军（J. WANG），主要研究者：[email protected]

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引用次数: 0

Cognitive functioning and functional ability in women with schizophrenia and homelessness 患有精神分裂症且无家可归的女性的认知功能和功能能力

IF 2.3 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Schizophrenia Research-Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2024.100338

Jayakumar Menon , Suvarna Jyothi Kantipudi , Aruna Mani , Rajiv Radhakrishnan

Background

Studies of schizophrenia and homelessness are minimal from the Indian subcontinent. Women with schizophrenia and homelessness in India remain a highly vulnerable group and there is no data to date regarding their clinical characteristics. Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia remains a major factor determining outcomes in schizophrenia. We examined the cognitive functioning of women with schizophrenia and homelessness (WSH) and compared it to an age-matched group of women with schizophrenia living with their family (WSF).

Methods

36 women with schizophrenia and homelessness, and 32 women with schizophrenia who were living with family were evaluated for psychopathology using Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS)/ Scale for assessment of negative symptoms (SANS) scales. Cognitive function was assessed using Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA)/Rowland Universal Dementia Scale (RUDAS), and Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), disability using World Health Organization - Disability assessment Scale (WHO-DAS) and psychosocial factors using a semi-structured proforma. The groups were compared using t-tests and chi-square for continuous and categorical variables respectively.

Results

Women with schizophrenia and homelessness were found to have significantly lower cognitive functioning, and much higher disability. Cognition and disability for women with schizophrenia and homelessness differed by 2–3 standard deviations with the mean for women living with family (i.e. z scores). Women with schizophrenia experiencing homelessness (WSH group) exhibited higher literacy levels and previous work experience compared to their counterparts. Those with family support are likely to face reduced pressures to work or earn, which further suggests that premorbid levels of functioning may not be the primary factors influencing the differences observed in cognitive assessments.

Conclusions

The study demonstrates significantly higher cognitive dysfunction in women with homelessness and schizophrenia, raising the possibility of much higher cognitive dysfunction being a predictor for homelessness in Indian women with schizophrenia.

背景印度次大陆对精神分裂症和无家可归问题的研究极少。在印度，患有精神分裂症且无家可归的女性仍然是一个极易受到伤害的群体，迄今为止还没有关于她们临床特征的数据。精神分裂症患者的认知功能障碍仍然是决定精神分裂症治疗效果的主要因素。我们研究了患有精神分裂症且无家可归的女性（WSH）的认知功能，并将其与年龄匹配的与家人同住的精神分裂症女性（WSF）进行了比较。认知功能评估采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MOCA）/罗兰老年痴呆通用量表（RUDAS）和额叶评估电池（FAB），残疾评估采用世界卫生组织残疾评估量表（WHO-DAS），社会心理因素评估采用半结构化问卷。结果发现，患有精神分裂症且无家可归的妇女的认知功能明显较低，残疾程度也高得多。患有精神分裂症且无家可归的女性的认知能力和残疾程度与与家人生活在一起的女性的平均值相差 2-3 个标准差（即 z 分数）。与同龄人相比，无家可归的精神分裂症女性患者（WSH 组）具有更高的文化水平和工作经验。有家庭支持的妇女面临的工作或收入压力可能会减少，这进一步表明，病前的功能水平可能不是影响认知评估差异的主要因素。

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引用次数: 0

Humor processing and its relationship with clinical features in patients with first-episode schizophrenia 首发精神分裂症患者的幽默处理及其与临床特征的关系

IF 2.3 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Schizophrenia Research-Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2024.100337

Yunfei Ji , Bingjie Huang , Jia Huang , Xiaodong Guo , Tianqi Gao , Yue Zheng , Wanheng Hu , Xiaolin Yin , Xianghe Wang , Xin Yu , Chengcheng Pu

Humor, a higher-order social cognitive process unique to humans, is commonly impaired in patients with chronic schizophrenia. However, humor processing and its association with the clinical characteristics in the early stage of the illness remain unknown. In this study, we investigated humor processing and its relationship with clinical features in patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES). We recruited 45 patients with FES and 44 healthy controls matched for age, sex, and education level. The participants completed the Picture Humor Processing Task (HPT-p) and Video Humor Processing Task (HPT-v), which evaluated humor comprehension and appreciation, and a questionnaire assessing their humor styles. Clinical participants also completed clinical and social functioning measurements. Signal detection theory analysis was used to calculate the d' and β values, which represent the detection of humor signals in the comprehension phase and inner criteria of the humor appreciation phase, respectively. In the HPT-p, patients with FES showed a higher false alarm rate (p = 0.048) than healthy controls, whereas the hitting rate, signal recognition ability (d' value), and intrinsic evaluation criterion (β value) were comparable between the two participants groups. In the HPT-v, patients with FES showed lower within-group coherence in the funniness rating (p = 0.023) than healthy controls. In addition, the false alarm rate in the HPT-p and negative symptoms effectively predicted social functioning in patients with FES (R² = 0.681, p < 0.001). Our results indicate that impairment of humor comprehension in patients with schizophrenia is generated in the first episode and contributes to social functioning deficits, which require early recognition and intervention.

幽默是人类特有的一种高阶社会认知过程，在慢性精神分裂症患者中普遍存在障碍。然而，幽默加工及其与疾病早期临床特征的关系仍不为人知。在这项研究中，我们调查了首发精神分裂症（FES）患者的幽默加工及其与临床特征的关系。我们招募了 45 名首发精神分裂症患者和 44 名在年龄、性别和教育程度方面匹配的健康对照者。参与者完成了图片幽默处理任务（HPT-p）和视频幽默处理任务（HPT-v）（评估幽默理解和欣赏能力），以及一份评估其幽默风格的问卷。临床参与者还完成了临床和社会功能测量。信号检测理论分析用于计算 d' 和 β 值，它们分别代表了理解阶段的幽默信号检测和幽默欣赏阶段的内在标准。在 HPT-p 中，FES 患者的误报率（p = 0.048）高于健康对照组，而两组参与者的命中率、信号识别能力（d'值）和内在评价标准（β 值）相当。在 HPT-v 中，FES 患者在趣味性评分方面的组内一致性（p = 0.023）低于健康对照组。此外，HPT-p 中的误报率和消极症状能有效预测 FES 患者的社会功能（R2 = 0.681，p < 0.001）。我们的研究结果表明，精神分裂症患者的幽默理解能力在首次发作时就会受损，并导致社交功能缺陷，这需要早期识别和干预。

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引用次数: 0

Through the lens of schizophrenia: Recognizing negative facial expressions and family patterns 透过精神分裂症的视角：识别负面面部表情和家庭模式

IF 2.3 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Schizophrenia Research-Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2024.100336

Leila Shateri , Hamid Yari Renani , Abbas Bakhshipour Rudsari , Touraj Hashemi Nosratabad , Zahra Saeidi

Schizophrenia is a complex disorder with symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, and impaired social interactions, and deficits in facial emotion recognition are a key area of impairment. Studies indicate that recognizing facial emotions is essential for social interaction, and individuals with schizophrenia show significant difficulties, especially in recognizing negative emotions. Previous research has primarily focused on patients, with less attention on their first-degree relatives. This study investigates the ability to recognize negative facial expressions in paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenia patients, their siblings, and matched healthy controls. This cross-sectional study included 60 paranoid schizophrenia patients, 60 non-paranoid schizophrenia patients, 59 siblings of paranoid patients, 60 siblings of non-paranoid patients, and 30 healthy controls, recruited from outpatients at Razi Hospital in Tabriz, Iran. The mean age was 35.7 years, and 54 % of participants were female. The Ekman 60 Faces Test assessed the recognition of basic facial emotions, focusing on negative emotions. The results revealed that paranoid schizophrenia patients showed significantly lower performance in recognizing negative facial emotions (mean score: 15.7) compared to non-paranoid patients (16.4) and siblings (28.1 for paranoid siblings, 27.4 for non-paranoid siblings). In contrast, healthy controls scored highest (29.0). This study highlights the deficits in emotion recognition in schizophrenia and their potential genetic underpinnings within family lines, contributing to understanding social cognition deficits related to the disorder.

精神分裂症是一种复杂的疾病，具有幻觉、妄想和社会交往障碍等症状，而面部情绪识别障碍是其主要障碍之一。研究表明，识别面部情绪对于社会交往至关重要，而精神分裂症患者在识别面部情绪方面表现出明显的困难，尤其是在识别负面情绪方面。以往的研究主要集中在患者身上，对他们的一级亲属关注较少。本研究调查了偏执型和非偏执型精神分裂症患者、他们的兄弟姐妹以及匹配的健康对照组识别负面面部表情的能力。这项横断面研究从伊朗大不里士市拉齐医院的门诊病人中招募了 60 名偏执型精神分裂症患者、60 名非偏执型精神分裂症患者、59 名偏执型患者的兄弟姐妹、60 名非偏执型患者的兄弟姐妹和 30 名健康对照组。参与者的平均年龄为 35.7 岁，54% 为女性。艾克曼 60 面孔测试评估了对基本面部情绪的识别能力，重点是负面情绪。结果显示，偏执型精神分裂症患者在识别面部负面情绪方面的表现（平均分：15.7）明显低于非偏执型患者（16.4）和兄弟姐妹（偏执型兄弟姐妹为 28.1，非偏执型兄弟姐妹为 27.4）。相比之下，健康对照组的得分最高（29.0）。这项研究强调了精神分裂症患者在情绪识别方面的缺陷及其在家族中的潜在遗传基础，有助于理解与精神分裂症有关的社会认知缺陷。

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引用次数: 0

Transcranial direct current stimulation and its effect on cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia: An updated review 经颅直流电刺激及其对精神分裂症认知症状的影响：最新综述

IF 2.3 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Schizophrenia Research-Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2024.100335

Sadia Rehman Safwi , Abid Rizvi , Mohammad Amir Usmani , Karrar Husain , Kanwarjeet Brar , Deep Yadava

Objective

Cognitive impairments in schizophrenia significantly affect functional outcomes and quality of life. This meta-analysis evaluates the effectiveness of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as an intervention for cognitive deficits in individuals with schizophrenia.

Methods

From May 20 to June 15, 2024, a systematic search of PubMed, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials was conducted. After applying eligibility criteria, 13 randomized sham-controlled trials were included, involving 261 participants in the tDCS group and 247 in the sham group. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was computed to measure the effect size of cognitive outcomes. Statistical analyses were performed using a random-effects model to account for heterogeneity.

Results

The pooled analysis yielded an SMD of 0.09 (95 % CI: −0.17 to 0.35), indicating a non-significant difference between tDCS and sham on cognitive outcomes. Moderate heterogeneity (I² = 44 %) was observed, attributed to variations in tDCS protocols, participant demographics, and cognitive assessment tools. Although certain studies showed improvements in specific domains like working memory, the overall impact of tDCS on cognitive symptoms was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

This meta-analysis underscores the lack of significant evidence for tDCS in improving cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. The findings highlight the urgent need for standardizing tDCS protocols and employing domain-specific cognitive assessments. This standardization, along with the collection of more domain-specific data, is crucial for future research and the improvement of current methodologies.

目的精神分裂症患者的认知障碍会严重影响其功能结果和生活质量。本荟萃分析评估了经颅直流电刺激（tDCS）作为精神分裂症患者认知障碍干预措施的有效性。方法从 2024 年 5 月 20 日至 6 月 15 日，对 PubMed、Medline、Embase 和 Cochrane 对照试验中央登记册进行了系统检索。采用资格标准后，共纳入 13 项随机假对照试验，其中 tDCS 组有 261 人参与，假对照组有 247 人参与。计算标准化平均差（SMD）来衡量认知结果的效应大小。结果汇总分析得出的SMD为0.09（95 % CI：-0.17至0.35），表明tDCS与假体在认知结果上的差异不显著。观察到中度异质性（I2 = 44 %），归因于 tDCS 方案、参与者人口统计学和认知评估工具的差异。尽管某些研究显示工作记忆等特定领域有所改善，但tDCS对认知症状的总体影响在统计学上并不显著。研究结果突出表明，迫切需要对 tDCS 方案进行标准化，并采用特定领域的认知评估。标准化以及收集更多特定领域的数据对于未来研究和改进现有方法至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Advances in the ecological validity of research on social cognition in schizophrenia: A systematic review of the literature 精神分裂症社会认知研究的生态有效性进展：文献系统回顾

IF 2.3 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Schizophrenia Research-Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2024.100333

Alvaro Cavieres, Vanessa Acuña, Marcelo Arancibia, Camila Escobar

Introduction

Ecologically valid assessments need to require tasks representative of real, everyday interactions between people in a social environment (i.e., verisimilitude) and to predict aspects of real-life performance in those same interactions (i.e., veridicality). To determine how researchers interested in social cognition among people with schizophrenia currently understand and apply ecological validity in their work, we conducted a systematic review of studies that had the ecological validity of their results as an explicit objective.

Methods

We performed the described systematic review following PRISMA guidelines.

Results

Of the 18 studies reviewed, only two defined ecological validity, 15 incorporated modifications to improve their verisimilitude, eight proposed analyses to examine their veridicality, and seven aimed to achieve both objectives.

Conclusions

Our systematic review suggests that very few published studies on social cognition among people with schizophrenia have explicitly defined ecological validity, and most have focused only on the verisimilitude of the tasks required while neglecting the veridicality of the results.

引言生态效度评估需要能代表社会环境中人与人之间真实的日常互动的任务（即真实性），并能预测在这些互动中现实生活表现的各个方面（即真实性）。为了确定对精神分裂症患者的社会认知感兴趣的研究人员目前是如何理解并在工作中应用生态效度的，我们对以结果的生态效度为明确目标的研究进行了系统综述。结论我们的系统性综述表明，已发表的有关精神分裂症患者社会认知的研究中很少有明确定义生态效度的，大多数研究只关注任务要求的真实性，而忽视了结果的真实性。

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引用次数: 0

Negative auditory hallucinations are associated with increased activation of the defensive motivational system in schizophrenia 负性幻听与精神分裂症患者防御性动机系统的激活增加有关

IF 2.3 Q2 PSYCHIATRY

Schizophrenia Research-Cognition

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2024.100334

Anna R. Knippenberg, Sabrina Yavari, Gregory P. Strauss

Auditory hallucinations (AH) are the most common symptom of psychosis. The voices people hear make comments that are benign or even encouraging, but most often voices are threatening and derogatory. Negative AH are often highly distressing and contribute to suicide risk and violent behavior. Biological mechanisms underlying the valence of voices (i.e., positive, negative, neutral) are not well delineated. In the current study, we examined whether AH voice valence was associated with increased activation of the Defensive Motivational System, as indexed by central and autonomic system response to unpleasant stimuli. Data were evaluated from two studies that used a common symptom rating instrument, the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale (PSY-RATS), to measure AH valence. Participants included outpatients diagnosed with SZ. Tasks included: Study 1: Trier Social Stress Task while heart rate was recorded via electrocardiography (N = 27); Study 2: Passive Viewing Task while participants were exposed to pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) library while eye movements, pupil dilation, and electroencephalography were recorded (N = 25). Results indicated that negative voice content was significantly associated with: 1) increased heart rate during an acute social stressor, 2) increased pupil dilation to unpleasant images, 3) higher neural reactivity to unpleasant images, and 4) a greater likelihood of having bottom-up attention drawn to unpleasant stimuli. Findings suggest that negative AH are associated with greater Defensive Motivational System activation in terms of central and autonomic nervous system response.

幻听（AH）是精神病最常见的症状。人们听到的声音可能是善意的，甚至是鼓励性的，但最常见的是威胁性和贬损性的。负面的幻听通常会给人带来极大的痛苦，并导致自杀风险和暴力行为。声音的价值（即积极、消极、中性）的生物机制尚未得到很好的描述。在当前的研究中，我们考察了 AH 声音的价值是否与防御性动机系统的激活增加有关，该系统以中枢和自律神经系统对不愉快刺激的反应为指标。我们对两项研究的数据进行了评估，这两项研究使用了一种通用的症状评定工具--精神病症状评定量表（PSY-RATS）来测量AH声价。参与者包括被诊断为精神分裂症的门诊患者。任务包括研究1：特里尔社会压力任务，同时通过心电图记录心率（N = 27）；研究2：被动观看任务，同时让参与者观看国际情感图片系统（IAPS）库中的愉快、不愉快和中性图片，同时记录眼球运动、瞳孔放大和脑电图（N = 25）。结果表明，负面语音内容与以下因素有明显关联1）在急性社会压力下心率加快；2）对不愉快图像的瞳孔放大程度增加；3）对不愉快图像的神经反应性提高；4）自下而上的注意力被不愉快刺激吸引的可能性增加。研究结果表明，从中枢神经系统和自主神经系统的反应来看，消极的 AH 与更大的防御动机系统激活有关。

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