Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre最新文献

This study explored the anticoagulant activity of biocompatibility and biodegradability of all-natural composite based on cellulose cysteine Schiff's base composites and compared it with molecular modeling calculations. These composites were prepared through two steps: cellulose was oxidized to dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) via sodium periodate, followed by coupling with a different ratio of cysteine. The oxidation and coupling reactions were confirmed by studying the chemical structures via physiochemical analysis and surface morphology via scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques. In addition, the prepared samples' anticoagulant activity was studied by determining blood agglutination factors regarding prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) compared with the activity of native cellulose and DAC. The obtained results demonstrated that cellulose cysteine Schiff's base composites enhance the coagulation times of blood plasma, and maximum anticoagulant activities were recorded at 45, 40, and 35 μg/mL for loading of 0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 mmoL cysteine, respectively. The cytotoxicity of the prepared composites was also tested using a Vero cell (normal fibroblast cell line). Results revealed that cellulose cysteine Schiff's base composites had negligible cytotoxicity.

Additionally, the activity of the prepared composites was performed and referred to as capitulation calcium ion. Moreover, the molecular modeling of bovine thrombin complexes (PDB: 1ETT) with cellulose cysteine Schiff's base was studied to confirm the functionalization of composite toward the calcium ion to prevent blood coagulation. This study suggests using cellulose cysteine Schiff's base composites as a coating in blood packs in the blood donation process.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and inulin supplementation on the stability of Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium longum grown in lactose and sucrose systems over 12-week low-temperature storage at 4 °C. FOS and inulin supplementation in the lactose and sucrose systems improved the low-temperature storage stability of B. breve and B. longum. On week 12, the highest lactic (29.7 ± 0.7%) and acetic acid (28.7 ± 1.3%) concentrations were observed in B. breve in 2% lactose with 3% inulin supplementation. In week 12, B. breve auto-aggregation rate and hydrophobicity significantly increased in 2% lactose with 3% inulin supplementation than non-supplemented (2% lactose). At week 0, the co-aggregation of B. longum and B. breve with E. faecalis and E. coli significantly increased compared to non-supplemented media. However, as the storage week proceeded, the co-aggregation ability of B. longum and B. breve drastically declined. FOS and inulin supplementation in these sugar systems significantly improved hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, and co-aggregation ability with Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli compared to non-supplemented media. In addition, the increase in the bacterial survival rate in vitro gastrointestinal tolerance assay showed that FOS and inulin supplementation in these sugar systems improved the gastric-intestinal tolerance of B. breve and B. longum.

This study deals with the fabrication and characterization of quercetin-loaded acrylic acid-grafted-flaxseed gum nanoparticles (QUR@AA-g-FGS) to delivers quercetin to the targeted colonic area and to enhances anti-cancer activity. The acrylic acid-grafted-flaxseed gum (AA-g-FGS) was synthesized using ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as a redox initiator via the conventional method. The synthesized acrylic acid-grafted-flaxseed (AA-g-FGS) gum was also optimized through varying grafting parameters such as acrylic acid and CAN concentration, time and temperature to obtain the maximum yield of acrylic acid-grafted-flaxseed gum. The quercetin release behavior of QUR@AA-g-FGS was studied at several biological pH and the highest drug release (95%) was observed at pH 7.4 and 8 h. The quercetin release kinetic data was following the first order (R² = 0.9842) kinetic model. The cytotoxicity of QUR@AA-g-FGS was investigated on HCT-15 cell line (cancerous human cell line) and, QUR@AA-g-FGS demonstrated outstanding toxicity toward HCT-15 cell line. Thus, the present study procures a worthwhile, nominal and ecologically sound approach toward the synthesis of QUR@AA-g-FGS for colon targeted drug delivery system.

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural polysaccharide widely used in dermatology; however, HA effects on the expression of proteins related to skin barrier function and their dependence on the HA molecular weight are still limited. In this study, we treated immortalized human keratinocytes with HA samples of low and high molecular weights (LMW-HA, <100 kDa and HMW-HA, >500 kDa, respectively) and analyzed the expression of tight junction-forming proteins. Both LMW-HA and HMW-HA significantly increased the expression of claudin-3 and claudin-4, whereas HMW-HA also upregulated junctional adhesion molecule JAM-1. These results indicate that HA could improve the skin barrier function by inducing the expression of tight junction-related genes in keratinocytes and that the effect could depend on the molecular weight of HA fragments.

Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) is a plant known worldwide for containing steviol glycosides in its leaves, high-intensity sweetener. The Stevia UEM-13 variety was developed in Brazil and is considered an elite variety for containing high levels of rebaudiodiside A, the sweetener with the best sensory profile in Stevia. However, it is necessary to investigate other metabolites of this variety, such as polysaccharides, which have shown functional and antiviral activities. In this sense, the objective of this work was to obtain and investigate the chemical structure of polysaccharides from the Stevia variety UEM-13. An aqueous extraction was performed from the dried and ground leaves and precipitation with ethanol. The precipitate was subjected to dialysis, a high-intensity and subsequently to a DEAE-cellulose column. The contents of total carbohydrates, proteins, phenolic compounds, and uronic acids were determined during all steps. A fraction (F2) was obtained containing 50% carbohydrates with heterogeneous profile by HPSEC. The monosaccharide composition performed by GC-MS identified 35.7% arabinose and 16.5% galactose and by NMR it was possible to suggest that the polysaccharide is a type II arabinogalactan (AG-II). AG-II was also found in other varieties of Stevia and has shown functional properties, which may contribute to disease prevention and health promotion.

Cell cycle progression and autophagy take a crucial part in stimulating the regeneration of gut epithelial which definitely contributes to maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Our previous research demonstrated that highland barley β-glucan (HBBG) significantly mitigated the damaged gastric mucosal and intestinal barrier of colitis mice, whenas the mechanism remains indistinct. In this study, we found that HBBG remitted the increase of disease activity index, the shortening of colon length and the damage of intestinal epithelial structure in mice with dextran sulphate sodium induced colitis. Furthermore, HBBG observably boosted gut epithelial regeneration on account of PCNA⁺ transit amplifying cells, Ki67⁺ crypt base columnar cells and goblet cells. Interestingly, HBBG relieved the apoptosis and suppressive proliferation of IEC-6 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide. The results of immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry demonstrated that HBBG promoted the cell cycle progression. Likewise, HBBG increased cell cycle related proteins CyclinD1 and CDK4 in IEC-6 cells. In the meanwhile, HBBG dramatically enhanced the autophagy. Excitingly, HBBG augmented the nuclear translocation of TFEB and phosphorylation of AMPK, which hinted HBBG activated autophagy via AMPK-TFEB signal. Expectantly, the treatment of 3-methyladenine, an autophagy inhibitor, inverted the promoted proliferation in IEC-6 cells caused by HBBG. Thereout, we presumed that HBBG accelerated the regeneration of intestinal epithelial by means of promoting cell cycle progression and activating the autophagy.

The study attempted to use systematic and thematic analysis of reported top 100 cited articles on Gum research. We adopted systematic and thematic analysis using bibliometric analysis tools, such as Scopus database to search relevant documents in Gum. Data were analyzed by RStudio and VOSviewer, and the top 100 cited articles were systematically classified into structural (both chemical and physical), biological, pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic properties of Gum. The citation times for the 100 top-cited articles ranged from 93 to 457, with an average citation per document of 151.5 scores. The 100 top-cited articles were published in 48 journals, and the journal “Food hydrocolloids” was a top-rank journal with (n = 15) articles followed by “Carbohydrate polymers” (n = 11) articles. Mcclements DJ was the most productive author (6 articles). China the, USA, and India are the most productive countries with more than 30 articles published in Gum. Among 153 contributed affiliations, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, and Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia were top affiliations in Gum research with more than 14 published articles. The comprehensive analysis shows that about 78% of articles were focused on the structural, chemical and physical properties (9%) of food biological (8%), and on pharmaceutical properties (5%). This is the first bibliometric analysis to provide a historical perspective on Gum scientific research. The systematic and thematic analysis provides comprehensive information on the scientific research direction, hot topics and trends in Gum.

Dietary fibers are primarily complex carbohydrates and a potential class of compounds that offer numerous health benefits. Dietary fiber has several therapeutic and nutraceutical benefits because of its functional characteristics. It can be extracted from plant resources using different methods like enzymatic, thermal, and chemical. These methods have major drawbacks such as low extraction yield and low quality. Extraction using ultrasound techniques has been implemented to enhance the extraction yield and quality with a substantial drop-in process time and power consumption. Ultrasound can improve many functional properties of dietary fiber like water holding capacity, gel-forming capacity, oil holding capacity, and other characteristics. This review emphasizes the advantages of ultrasound-assisted extraction over other extraction methods for different types of dietary fiber compounds extracted from different plant sources with the difference in their processing parameters. This review also discusses the nutritional and functional properties of dietary fiber.

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) mucilage is a water-soluble polysaccharide with high thickening viscosity properties in low concentrations. The main purpose of this project was to investigate the properties of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) in the microencapsulated form (MLP) with sodium alginate and okra mucilage at the concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8%. The survival ability time for maintaining the limiting number of probiotics (6.0 log CFU/g) of MLP (0.8%) was 4 min and it was greater than free L. plantarum (FLP) (2 min) at 72 °C. Microencapsulation of LP showed an effective mode of survival in a simulated gastrointestinal (GI) condition (decreased to 6.1 log CFU/g by GI transition). The MLP maintained a limited number of probiotics in yogurt for 12 days during the storage time. This study demonstrated that using okra mucilage encapsulation matrix increases cell viability and proper protection and therefore could be used in industrial yogurt.