Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre最新文献

Prebiotic unpurified commercial galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) often contain significant amounts of glucose, galactose and lactose. Current purification processes remove these digestible components, especially lactose with a high risk of affecting functionality.

In the current study a high purity GOS (HP-GOS) was prepared by treating GOS with β-galactosidase to hydrolyze the remaining lactose into glucose and galactose. Subsequently mono sugars were removed by sequential simulated moving bed (SSMB) chromatography. To this end, a design of experiments (DOE) approach was applied to determine the dry matter content and β-galactosidase concentration that optimally support lactose hydrolysis in such a way that the detrimental effects on GOS composition are minimized to preserve its original oligosaccharide composition. The HP-GOS product obtained using the identified optimal settings for lactose hydrolysis contained more than 75% of the original DP2 GOS fraction while the fraction with a DP above 2 was unaffected by the purification. Using fecal fermentations, it was demonstrated that the GOS parts of the HP-GOS and the parent GOS have comparable effects on gut microbiota composition. Both GOS products equally increased the relative abundances of Bifidobacterium. Furthermore, there were no differences in alpha diversity and in the distribution of the different bifidobacterial species. Based on these outcomes it was concluded that the lactose hydrolysis step of the purification process did not influence gut microbiota modulating effects of GOS.

Based on the amounts of dietary fiber, we selected peach pulp was as the main matrix to develop the peach-κ-carrageenan edible gels (PC-KC), in which erythritol was used as the cosolvent. Effects of erythritol concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9%, w/w) on the characteristics of PC-KC gels were studied. TPA results showed that erythritol (0%∼5%) improved the textural properties. The critical level of erythritol was found to be 5% (w/w). Additionally, erythritol (especially, with the addition of 5%) enhanced the WHC of PC-KC gels accompanied with the lowest syneresis (7.72%), illustrating the strong water capture capacity, which was confirmed by the changes in water mobility characterized through LF-NMR. SEM showed a dense network with more junction zones after the erythritol addition. Besides that, intensified and variation peaks in FT-IR spectra speculate the synergistic interactions. XRD showed erythritol improved the crystallinity of PC-KC gels. Overall, the quality of the PC-KC gels could be improved by erythritol with the appropriate concentration, which might provide the beneficial information for the formation mechanism of edible gel, in which fruit pulp was used as the main matrix and erythritol as the cosolvent.

Reducing obesity by modifying gut microbiota is a promising therapeutic option. We tested our hypothesis on mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with Ocimum basilicum L. (OB) through oral gavage. The present study examined whether mucilage isolated from OB could maintain weight gain in HFD-fed mice. Mice were randomly divided into CTL (control group – normal diet), HFD, and HFD + OB (HFD diet supplemented with OB mucilage). Body weight, food consumption, body fat mass, liver, blood plasma, and feces were collected and analyzed. Liver and large intestine samples were collected via dissection to evaluate the liver histological and fatty acids in the large intestine. Fecal samples were taken to assess the gut microbiome. Compared to the HFD group, the HFD + OB group significantly reduced weight, food consumption, fat ratio, liver weight, and lipid. LDL concentration also decreased in the HFD + OB group, but there was no difference in other biochemical indicators, which was a good sign in preventing hyperlipidemia. In addition, there was a change in gut microbiota composition in the HFD group compared to HFD + OB one, comparable to the gut microbiota in the CTL control group. OB mucilage was a potential prebiotic for weight control through lowering plasma lipids and modifying the gut microbiota.

Constipation is a global issue which impacts quality of life. Therapeutic laxatives are used to rescue constipation, but they may have side effects such as urgency, gas, bloating or gastrointestinal discomfort. Kiwifruit are thought to promote laxation without the urgency induced by therapeutic laxatives. The objective of this study was to examine the safety and tolerability of a 2,400 mg daily dosage of green kiwifruit powder or gold kiwifruit powder, a 600 mg of green kiwifruit powder or gold kiwifruit powder combined with cellulose, and a combination of 600 mg green kiwifruit powder plus 1,400 mg xylo-oligosaccharide. This randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel study for 28 days across four North American sites (NCT03462199) enrolled 288 participants with non-pathological constipation who had ≤3 complete spontaneous bowel movements (CSBM) per week. Baseline demographics, anthropomorphic and vital signs, clinical chemistry and hematology, and patient assessment of quality-of-life questionnaire, and adverse events data were collected at baseline and end of intervention. All investigational products had no clinically relevant changes to blood chemistry or hematology, and no adverse events linked to the investigational products. However, there were significant (p < 0.05) within-group improvements in patient-assessed quality of life scores in physical discomfort, psychosocial discomfort, worries/concerns, and satisfaction, and overall PAC-QoL scores for all products and placebo. These kiwifruit-derived products were safe and well-tolerated.

Solanum lycocarpum St. Hill is a Brazilian Cerrado fruit popularly known as wolf-apple, lobeira or fruta-do-lobo. The proximate composition of fruta-do-lobo showed that the flour prepared from the fruit's pulp has 23g/100g of fiber, which is considered rich in fiber. Data from the literature suggest that dietary fiber intake can positively decrease body weight gain and its adverse side effects through physiological effects and metabolism modulation. From this perspective, this study aimed to analyze the nutritional effects of the fibrous fraction (FF) obtained after extraction of resistant starch from fruta-do-lobo flour in mice with diet-induced obesity. Swiss mice (n = 22) were randomized into three different groups according to the diet offered: control (AIN 93-G diet), HF (high-fat diet – 4% vegetable oil; 31% lard), and FF (HF diet + 3% fibrous fraction of fruta-do-lobo). It was observed that consuming a diet containing the fibrous fraction (FF) promoted histological changes compared to the obese control group (HF) since the liver weight was lower and there was an improvement in hepatic steatosis. Even so, some biological results were observed in the FF group with a profile more similar to the lean control group than the HF group, namely epididymal tissue weight, liver weight, and kITT. It is important to point out that many variables, such as the duration of the protocol and the doses of supplemented dietary fiber, may be associated with the results observed in the present study. However, there is some evidence that the fibrous fraction of fruta-do-lobo can be used as an ingredient to supplement dietary fiber intake and contribute to health promotion.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of Gnetum gnemon var. tenerum leaf powder, dried using a vacuum microwave, on gut health properties. The two alternative drying conditions were 3600 Watts for 12 min (G1) and 2400 Watts for 15 min (G2) compared to the commercial Japanese green tea matcha powder (M) and the gut health effects were assessed by human fecal fermentation in a one-stage colon system. The enumeration of gut microbiota at 24 h of fermentation by next generation sequencing (NGS) confirmed elevated Bacteroides levels and significantly (P < 0.05) higher numbers of Bifidobacterium with G1 (33%) and G2 (37%) compared to M (31%). Additionally, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile for acetic, propionic and butyric acids was analysed using gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), and especially butyric acids was significantly (P < 0.05) higher with G1 (4.698 ± 0.61 mM) and G2 (2.768 ± 0.10 mM) compared to M, 1.805 ± 0.01 mM at 24 h. The Gnetum leaf powders G1 and G2 were investigated for promoting γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) microbial metabolite, which was detected using liquid chromatography-mass/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Thus, Gnetum gnemon var. tenerum leaf powder could provide gut health benefits with good potential for use as a functional food ingredient in the future.

This study demonstrates a biocompatible nanofabrication based on novel Acacia senegal gum-manganese sulphide hydrogels (p(ASG)-MnS) to achieve enhanced biological venture. Here, p(ASG-MnS) were prepared in the presence of divinyl sulfone (DS) cross-linker, and then loaded with Manganese sulphide (MnS) nano-rods via in situ reduction method.

Various techniques for example, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was carried out to comprehensively characterize p(ASG)-MnS. The FTIR peak at position 1025 cm⁻¹ clarifies the attachment of DS with the carboxylic group of ASG for successful crosslinking, whereas, the frequencies in 2900–3400 cm⁻¹ range are due Mn-(OH)₂ formation upon nanofabrication. The morphologically spherical p(ASG) particles with size distribution in 5–60 μm range were further loaded with MnS nanorods with size in 5–20 nm range as indicated from SEM and TEM, respectively.

Biomedical investigation of pristine and p(ASG)-MnS was carried out by evaluating their biocompatibility, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities.

In brief, the pristine, as well as, nanocomposites of the prepared scaffolds demonstrated remarkable biocompatibility with 0.758% and 2.386% hemolysis against p(ASG), and p(ASG)-MnS, respectively over the 400 μg/mL incorporated dose.

In addition, p(ASG)-MnS demonstrated notable antioxidant response obtained via multiple assays. The nanocomposite scaffold exhibit 66.91 ± 0.22 (%), and 98.40 ± 0.58 (%) DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities, whereas, pristine scaffold demonstrated 7.5 ± 0.58 (%) FRSA, and 4.40 ± 0.28 TEAC activity. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total reducing power (TRP) represented by the nanocomposite scaffold was 184.32 ± 2.3 μg AAE/mg, and 179.83 ± 0.1.2 μg AAE/mg, respectively to exhibit remarkable antioxidant response.

Additionally, the nanocomposite scaffolds exhibited considerable α-amylase inhibition with 16.7 ± 1.4 (%) that is greater than pristine scaffolds with 4.18 ± 0.98 (%) inhibition.

The beer industry generates large amounts of leftover barley called brewers’ spent grain (BSG). Fiber-rich grains like barley are associated with ameliorating cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. This randomized pilot study investigated the influence of daily BSG consumption for 8 weeks on lipid profiles, inflammation, and metabolic functions in healthy adults. Subjects (n = 37, 26 ± 4 y; BMI 23 ± 3 kg/m²) received muffins containing 8.3 g BSG or 0 g BSG daily for 8 weeks. Body composition, blood pressure, and fasting blood were collected at baseline and week 8. Gastrointestinal symptoms and Bristol stool scale ratings remained stable throughout the study in both groups. Dietary fiber intake increased in the BSG group (5 g/day; 26%; p = 0.003); however, there were no significant between-group effects on blood lipids, glucose, insulin sensitivity, C-reactive protein, body composition, or blood pressure. Consuming 8.3 g BSG for 8 weeks is well tolerated and improves dietary fiber intake but does not significantly impact CVD risk factors in this sample of healthy adults. Subject health status, sample size, and BSG flour substitution rate may support the lack of effect in the current study. Larger controlled trials are needed to understand the potential of BSG as a value-added ingredient and its impact on human health.

Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide possesses a variety of biologic activities, but their high viscosity leads to poor water solubility which limit their industrialized production and practical application. In this study, two granulation techniques, spray drying and wet granulation were used to prepare the powders containing high Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide. The yield, polysaccharides content and solubility were investigated. The results showed that the powders containing high Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide prepared by wet granulation (DHP-WG) were more suitable for industrialized production and practical application. The optimal product was DHP-WG-70 with a granulation yield of 78.54 ± 1.02%, polysaccharides content of 70.85 ± 1.67% and dissolution time of 60.05 ± 5.02s. The hypoglycemic activity of DHP-WG and DHP was compared by in vitro experiments including inhibition assay for α-glucosidase, kinetics of inhibition on α-glucosidase, glucose adsorption capacity, glucose dialysis retardation index and inhibition assay for α-amylase activity. In general, DHP had better hypoglycemic activity than DHP-WG. In DHP-WGs, DHP-WG-50 and DHP-WG-70 showed better hypoglycemic activity than DHP-WG-30 and DHP-WG-90. This study provided a theoretical basis for the development and production of powders with high polysaccharides content of Dendrobium huoshanense and hypoglycemic effect in the food industry.