Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre最新文献

Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are important oligomers of xylose. XOS have received particular interest in recent years from the food and pharmaceutical industries due to their functional properties associated with fighting diseases and maintaining health. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro digestibility, prebiotic, and antioxidant effects, as well as the production of short-chain fatty acids from short-chain XOS obtained from enzymatic hydrolysis of the bamboo culm. The xylan extracted from the bamboo culm was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis at an endoxylanases concentration of 7.5 mg protein/g xylan at 50 °C and pH 5.0 for 24 h. The extract obtained showed a high concentration of XOS, approximately 5 g/L, composed of xylobiose (2.39 g/L), xylotriose (1.31 g/L), xylotetraose (0.567 g/L), xylopentose (0.223 g/L) and xylohexose (0.18 g/L). The in vitro digestibility tests indicated that the XOS presented a high and desirable resistance to digestion, considering that 97.65% of the XOS remained intact in the simulated intestinal phase. The XOs showed an expressive prebiotic effect, promoting the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium bifidum, fermenting the XOS and producing short-chain fatty acids, highlighting acetate, propionate, and butyrate. These organic acids play important roles in fighting inflammation, protecting brain functions, and inhibiting the development of cancer cells and pathogens. XOS showed a high total antioxidant capacity, eliminating 73.5% of the DPPH free radicals. Finally, the XOS produced from bamboo culm has great prebiotic potential and excellent antioxidant activity and can be applied to food and pharmaceutical products.

A potential alternative way of using agricultural waste such as melon and watermelon shells is its use as a prebiotic ingredient, which may improve the production of beneficial metabolites during microbial fermentation in the intestinal section of the host, through probiotic bacteria. The objective of this study wasto evaluate the prebiotic potential of melon and watermelon, which were subjected to an in vitro digestion process and subsequently analyzed by scanning electron microscope. The digest was used as a source of carbohydrates during fermentation by 3 probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus brevis, L. paracasei, and L. rhamnosus) at 24 and 48 h, evaluating bacterial growth, carbohydrate consumption and the production of short-chain fatty acids (acetic, propionic and butyric acids). Results indicated a degradation of melon and watermelon shells after the digestion process, likewise, the growth of lactic acid bacteria was observed using melon and watermelon shells as a source of carbohydrates.These compounds were significantly reduced at 24 and 48 h. Finally, at 48 h, a higher content of short-chain fatty acids was present with a concentration of 922.31 μmol/L of acetic acid with L. brevis and melon shell, 27.6 μmol/L of propionic acid with L. rhamnosus and melon shell, and 4.96 x10⁻¹³ μmol/L of butyric acid with L. rhamnosus with melon and watermelon shells, which suggests that these types of shells have prebiotic potential.

Recently, bioactive natural fibers have been explored to develop the materials for biomedical applications. Herein this research work, functionalization of psyllium has been carried out to develop hydrogels for sustained drug delivery applications. Copolymeric hydrogels were prepared by copolymerization of poly(methacrylic acid) (MAAc) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with psyllium by grafting reactions. The grafted product was characterized through SEMs, AFM, FTIR, C¹³-NMR, and TGA techniques. Physiochemical and biomedical properties of hydrogels were evaluated. Sustained diffusion of doxycycline in occurred through the non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and release profile of drug was best fitted in the Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. Copolymers have exhibited pH responsive behavior and demonstrated antioxidant, biocompatible and mucoadhesive nature. Overall, findings suggested the suitability of psyllium based hydrogels for drug delivery applications to gastrointestinal tract with enhanced potential.

The intricate relationship between the human intestinal microbiota and polysaccharides has a profound and direct impact on health outcomes. Our previous research has shown that pectin possesses beneficial properties that can combat colitis and metabolic disorders, which may be facilitated by the dominant gut commensals such as the Bacteroides genus. This study aims to delve deeper into how pectin with varying esterification degrees is utilized by ten distinct Bacteroides strains. Among the tested strains, Bacteroides xylanisolvens Bt-17 demonstrated a remarkable capacity for efficiently utilizing pectin L102, as indicated by its growth rate, sugar consumption, pH changes, and production of short-chain fatty acids. The fermentation of pectin L102 by B. xylanisolvens Bt-17 potentially led to the production of novel substrates, which in turn promoted the growth of Bacteroides stercoris Bt-8. Furthermore, we observed significant regulatory changes in multiple genes encoding glycoside hydrolases and glycosyltransferases in B. xylanisolvens Bt-17 during the degradation of pectin L102. These insights deepen our understanding of the interplay between pectin polysaccharides and the gut microbiota, and they may offer evidence for a gut microbiota-targeted mechanism underlying pectin's functional benefits.

This study aimed to identify the dietary fibre profiles of various winged bean components (green pods, whole seeds, endosperms, seed coats, and canned whole seeds). Soluble dietary fibre (SDF), insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) (hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin), total dietary fibre (TDF), and oligosaccharide components (raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose), were analyzed. The various winged bean components had a higher IDF content than SDF content (21.12–50.11% and 0.83–1.25%, respectively), with the highest TDF content observed in the seed coat (51.81%). Raffinose was the most dominant oligosaccharide component in green pods (2.7 mg/g), while verbascose was the most dominant component in all seed form samples, including seed coats (1.41–3.65 mg/g). The IDF in all samples was dominated by cellulose (5.07–39.34%), followed by hemicellulose (1.5–27.19%), and lignin (0.09–0.98%). Seed dehusking led to significant decreases in all types of dietary fibre analyzed, except for stachyose. Soaking and sterilization processes resulted in an increase in SDF, but decreased IDF, stachyose, verbascose, and hemicellulose compared to raw whole seeds. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that raw whole seeds still exhibit similarities in dietary fibre composition with canned seeds, but differ from green pods, endosperms, and seed coats. These findings imply that all edible parts of winged beans offer a large quantity of dietary fibre, especially whole seeds, which have potential benefits as prebiotic sources to improve health.

This study explored the potential prebiotic properties of pulverized Jerusalem artichoke tuber (JAP) in pre- and post-weaned calves. Accordingly, 24 fifteen-day-old calves were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 6). The groups received JAP supplementation at levels of 0 (CON), 1 (JAP1), 2 (JAP2), and 3 (JAP3) percent of dry matter intake (DMI) during the first 60 days of the 120-day experiment. Two 6-days digestion trials were conducted: one during the 4th week of the experiment (pre-wean), and the second during the tenth week (post-wean). Additionally, serum concentrations of cortisol and epinephrine were measured in both the pre- and post-weaning phases to assess the stress levels. Immunocompetence of the calves during both the stages was evaluated through lymphocyte proliferation response. In the pre-weaning phase, the calves supplemented with JAP had better (P < 0.05) protein intake and digestion compared to the control group. In the post-weaning phase, the JAP supplemented groups exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) improved digestibility coefficients for dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, and neutral detergent fibre. Although cortisol levels didn't show significant differences (P > 0.05) between the groups during both pre-weaning and post-weaning stages, the post-weaning stage did reveal a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in epinephrine levels in JAP1 compared to the other groups. Additionally, JAP supplementation enhanced (P < 0.05) the calves' response to lymphocyte proliferation during the post-weaning phase. Considering the improved nutrient digestibility, enhanced systemic immunity, and reduced epinephrine levels observed in the JAP supplemented groups, our findings suggest that JAP may have promising potential as a prebiotic for calves.

Resistant starch (RS) is a carbohydrate that exerts benefits on health. The present study aimed to research the effects of the Canna edulis Ker RS on metabolic and immune system indicators in broiler chickens. A total of 360 1- day-old male chicks were allotted to dietary treatments with 0% (RS0), 1% (RS1), and 2% (RS2) of RS inclusion. Chickens of RS1 and RS2 presented a lower rate of increase in serum glucose between the third and fifth week, with 50.9, 21.4, and 26.8% to RS0, RS1, and RS2, respectively. The higher serum cholesterol HDL was observed in broilers that consumed RS1 and RS2 diets at the fifth week of age (p < 0.05). The butyric acid levels of 16.59, 64.95, and 76.77 μmol/g were found in caecal content to RS0, RS1, and RS2, respectively (p < 0.01). The serum IgA levels were increased in broilers fed with the RS1 diet and decreased with the RS0 diet. The IgM was increased linearly as a function of age in the broilers RS1 and RS2. The subpopulation of T helper lymphocytes CD3⁺ CD4⁺ were increased in broilers fed with RS2 diet. The RS level that optimizes the humoral response was established as 1.07% and 1.56% for IgA and IgM, respectively (p < 0.05). The dietary inclusion of RS from C. edulis stimulated homeostasis of glucose and cholesterol with increase of HDL and caecal SCFA. Consequently, RS from C. edulis can be used as a nutraceutical additive in the broilers' diet.

The objective of this study was to investigate the different polysaccharides as carrier material for spray-drying synbiotics and to study the physicochemical characteristics of synbiotics at different storage conditions. The thermally acclimatized probiotic strains, Lactobacillus helveticus (H-45) and Lacticaseibacillus casei (N-45) with enhanced probiotic properties were spray-dried using these polysaccharides along with galactooligosaccharides (GOS) as prebiotic. The studied plant-based polysaccharides are maltodextrin (MDX), corn starch (CS), and gum acacia (GA). After spray-drying, the survivability of all synbiotic combinations was higher in the presence of corn starch as carrier material. The synbiotic combination N45 + GOS + CS showed better survivability during spray-drying, under simulated intestinal (8.43 ± 0.17 log CFU/g), acid (5.51 ± 0.12 log CFU/g), and bile (7.31 ± 0.04 log CFU/g) conditions. The spray-dried powders had good to moderate flow properties with moisture content and water activity (a_w) at the optimal range for the survival of probiotics. Among the spray-dried powders, synbiotic-N45 + GOS + CS showed improved storage survivability during shelf-life studies at three different temperatures (4 °C, 30 °C, and 37 °C) for eight weeks. However, all spray-dried probiotic and synbiotic powders had higher viability when stored at 4 °C. Hence, the study suggests that cornstarch as a polysaccharide in the synbiotics formulation (N45 + GOS + CS) may have a potential application in functional foods.

The healing process is a physiological event involving cellular and molecular mechanisms to remove and replace damaged tissues, allowing new extracellular matrix synthesis. Based on previous studies showing antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects of the polysaccharide-rich extract of Cissus sicyoides leaves (PE-Cs) in classical inflammation models, this study evaluated the PE-Cs effect in the rat model of excisional cutaneous wound. The topical treatment with PE-Cs (0.01–1%) for 14 days reduced (43–50%, 5 – 7th day) the wound area and increased the nociceptive threshold (38.85–47.65%, 6th hour - 7th day). PE-Cs reduced leukocyte infiltration (42% - 2nd day and 84% - 5th day) and increased fibroblasts/myofibroblasts (59% - 5th day and 24% - 7th day), collagen deposition (30% - 5th day and 23% - 7th day) and blood vessels (60% - 5th day and 50% - 7th day). PE-Cs reduced the oxidative stress marker MDA (33% - 2nd day), and increased GSH levels (35–27%, 2 – 7th day). In conclusion, PE-Cs acts in the inflammatory and proliferative phases of the rat healing process via acceleration of wound closure, reduction of inflammatory signs, oxidative stress markers and stimulation of fibroplasia, collagenesis and increased blood vessel count.