Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.101854
G. Fischer, A. Parra-Coronado, H. E. Balaguera-López
Due to global warming, the highlands of the tropics have become more important for planting fruit trees. The climate at high altitudes is mainly characterized by decreased temperatures and increased solar radiation. A systematic literature review using four bibliographic databases revealed 22 studies that determined fruit quality at two altitudes. With increasing altitude, duration of fruit development was prolonged, and, in most cases, higher fresh weights and sizes were found; however, fruit firmness decreased. The intensity of the fruit color increased because of greater radiation in high areas. Mostly, the total soluble solids of the fleshy fruits augmented with altitude, probably because of an increase in photosynthesis with higher solar radiation. The total acidity did not show a clear trend with increasing elevations. At higher altitudes, the content of antioxidants (mainly phenolics) increased in the fruits, especially in the epidermis as a reaction to the increasing ultraviolet (UV) light. Physiological disorders in the fruits included sunburn and damage caused by low temperatures. Different species and varieties react differently to the conditions of highlands, depending on their origin and whether climatic conditions are optimal for a specific fruit tree. There are no positive effects on fruit quality when altitude is at the limit or above the recommended range for the fruit species.
{"title":"Altitude as a determinant of fruit quality with emphasis on the Andean tropics of Colombia. A review.","authors":"G. Fischer, A. Parra-Coronado, H. E. Balaguera-López","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.101854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.101854","url":null,"abstract":"Due to global warming, the highlands of the tropics have become more important for planting fruit trees. The climate at high altitudes is mainly characterized by decreased temperatures and increased solar radiation. A systematic literature review using four bibliographic databases revealed 22 studies that determined fruit quality at two altitudes. With increasing altitude, duration of fruit development was prolonged, and, in most cases, higher fresh weights and sizes were found; however, fruit firmness decreased. The intensity of the fruit color increased because of greater radiation in high areas. Mostly, the total soluble solids of the fleshy fruits augmented with altitude, probably because of an increase in photosynthesis with higher solar radiation. The total acidity did not show a clear trend with increasing elevations. At higher altitudes, the content of antioxidants (mainly phenolics) increased in the fruits, especially in the epidermis as a reaction to the increasing ultraviolet (UV) light. Physiological disorders in the fruits included sunburn and damage caused by low temperatures. Different species and varieties react differently to the conditions of highlands, depending on their origin and whether climatic conditions are optimal for a specific fruit tree. There are no positive effects on fruit quality when altitude is at the limit or above the recommended range for the fruit species.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43382897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.102465
Germán Yesid Maldonado Archila, G. Ligarreto-Moreno, Sandra Gómez-Caro
In recent years, corn (Zea mays L.) crops in the Colombian cold tropics located in the Ubaté valley in Cundinamarca have been affected by stalk rot with incidences up to 40%. Despite the importance of this disease, accurate diagnosis has not been conducted. The objectives of the study were to determine the causal agents of corn lodging associated with stalk rot in this corn-producing region and describe the symptoms of the disease. Two plots with stalk rot reported in the municipality of Simijaca in July 2016 were sown with the regional varieties Simijaca and Sogamoso. Plants were randomly inspected on a monthly basis for describing disease symptoms and isolating the pathogen. The Fusarium species isolated were morphologically and molecularly identified and pathogenicity tests were conducted. The disease was detected at early plant developmental stages with the combination of chlorosis, leaf anthocyanosis, and dwarfism as the main symptoms in the two corn varieties evaluated. Crown and node necrosis in longitudinal sections of the stalk and purple colorations in the crown, nodes and internodes of plants were observed 90 d after sowing. Finally, lodging occurred at any phenological stage of the crop. Fusarium spp. were isolated in all stages of plant development. Fusarium species were identified as F. graminearum in the Fusarium graminearum species complex and F. subglutinans in the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex, which have cold-climate production zones as their ecological niche. Pathogenicity tests confirmed F. graminearum and F. subglutinans as the causal agents of stalk rot in the regional corn variety Simijaca in the Ubate valley in Cundinamarca.
{"title":"Fusarium species that cause corn stalk rot in the Ubaté valley of Cundinamarca, Colombia","authors":"Germán Yesid Maldonado Archila, G. Ligarreto-Moreno, Sandra Gómez-Caro","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.102465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.102465","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, corn (Zea mays L.) crops in the Colombian cold tropics located in the Ubaté valley in Cundinamarca have been affected by stalk rot with incidences up to 40%. Despite the importance of this disease, accurate diagnosis has not been conducted. The objectives of the study were to determine the causal agents of corn lodging associated with stalk rot in this corn-producing region and describe the symptoms of the disease. Two plots with stalk rot reported in the municipality of Simijaca in July 2016 were sown with the regional varieties Simijaca and Sogamoso. Plants were randomly inspected on a monthly basis for describing disease symptoms and isolating the pathogen. The Fusarium species isolated were morphologically and molecularly identified and pathogenicity tests were conducted. The disease was detected at early plant developmental stages with the combination of chlorosis, leaf anthocyanosis, and dwarfism as the main symptoms in the two corn varieties evaluated. Crown and node necrosis in longitudinal sections of the stalk and purple colorations in the crown, nodes and internodes of plants were observed 90 d after sowing. Finally, lodging occurred at any phenological stage of the crop. Fusarium spp. were isolated in all stages of plant development. Fusarium species were identified as F. graminearum in the Fusarium graminearum species complex and F. subglutinans in the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex, which have cold-climate production zones as their ecological niche. Pathogenicity tests confirmed F. graminearum and F. subglutinans as the causal agents of stalk rot in the regional corn variety Simijaca in the Ubate valley in Cundinamarca.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45488554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.100425
A. Karapetyan
The concentration of supplied mineral nutrients is one of the most important and limiting factors for enhancing the efficiency of plant nutrition. Optimal concentration of nutrient solutions (NS) provide plants with the necessary amount of nutrients. From this point of view, research on several physicochemical parameters that characterize concentrations of NS and uptake of nutrients by the plants remains an actual problem. The changes of electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) depending on the concentration of biofertilizer as well as the role of biofertilizer solutions on the rooting capacity of cuttings (lateral sprouts) of Callisia fragrans are presented here. The EC and TDS of the biofertilizer-water mixture changed gradually according to the biofertilizer concentration. The biofertilizer solution was a good medium for the rooting of C. fragrans cuttings. The results could help to provide the crops with the necessary amount of mineral nutrients and regulate the suitability of irrigation during the entire vegetation period.
{"title":"Assessment of physicochemical characteristics of biofertilizers and their role in the rooting capacity of plants","authors":"A. Karapetyan","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.100425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.100425","url":null,"abstract":"The concentration of supplied mineral nutrients is one of the most important and limiting factors for enhancing the efficiency of plant nutrition. Optimal concentration of nutrient solutions (NS) provide plants with the necessary amount of nutrients. From this point of view, research on several physicochemical parameters that characterize concentrations of NS and uptake of nutrients by the plants remains an actual problem. The changes of electrical conductivity (EC) and total dissolved solids (TDS) depending on the concentration of biofertilizer as well as the role of biofertilizer solutions on the rooting capacity of cuttings (lateral sprouts) of Callisia fragrans are presented here. The EC and TDS of the biofertilizer-water mixture changed gradually according to the biofertilizer concentration. The biofertilizer solution was a good medium for the rooting of C. fragrans cuttings. The results could help to provide the crops with the necessary amount of mineral nutrients and regulate the suitability of irrigation during the entire vegetation period.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46459610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.101461
Andrea Botero Ramirez, Fabián Leonardo Padilla-Huertas, C. García
Clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is a major constraint for cruciferous crops in Colombia; however, information regarding its spread and the relationship between environmental and crop management practices with its occurrence in the country is scarce. This research established clubroot prevalence in the main cruciferous productive areas in Colombia and the relation of its occurrence with crop management practices, soil, and climatic characteristics. In total, 127 fields were visited along eight departments. Clubroot infestation was determined either by direct inspection of roots of host plants for clubroot symptoms or by report of previous observation of the disease symptoms by the farmers. Soil samples were collected for physical and chemical analysis, climatic information was obtained, and farmers were surveyed on the management practices of the production systems. The survey confirmed the presence of the disease in 53.6% of the visited fields. The only department where the disease symptoms were not observed nor reported was Nariño. A negative correlation was found between the disease occurrence and the content of aluminum in the soil, the number of days with rain per year, and the cultivation of clubroot-resistant hybrids. Moreover, a positive correlation was observed with the inclusion of cruciferous crops in the rotation scheme, the effective cation exchange capacity of the soil, soil pH, and the content of phosphorus, calcium, boron, and copper in the soil.
{"title":"Soil, climate, and management practices associated with the prevalence of clubroot in Colombia","authors":"Andrea Botero Ramirez, Fabián Leonardo Padilla-Huertas, C. García","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.101461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.101461","url":null,"abstract":"Clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is a major constraint for cruciferous crops in Colombia; however, information regarding its spread and the relationship between environmental and crop management practices with its occurrence in the country is scarce. This research established clubroot prevalence in the main cruciferous productive areas in Colombia and the relation of its occurrence with crop management practices, soil, and climatic characteristics. In total, 127 fields were visited along eight departments. Clubroot infestation was determined either by direct inspection of roots of host plants for clubroot symptoms or by report of previous observation of the disease symptoms by the farmers. Soil samples were collected for physical and chemical analysis, climatic information was obtained, and farmers were surveyed on the management practices of the production systems. The survey confirmed the presence of the disease in 53.6% of the visited fields. The only department where the disease symptoms were not observed nor reported was Nariño. A negative correlation was found between the disease occurrence and the content of aluminum in the soil, the number of days with rain per year, and the cultivation of clubroot-resistant hybrids. Moreover, a positive correlation was observed with the inclusion of cruciferous crops in the rotation scheme, the effective cation exchange capacity of the soil, soil pH, and the content of phosphorus, calcium, boron, and copper in the soil.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44158585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Colombian Orinoquía and the Altillanura subregion show comparative and competitive advantages for soybean production (edaphoclimatic conditions, cost-benefit ratio, potential area, and location), essential food with a high protein content (~37%) and used mostly for poultry and pig nutrition. However, this immense region has scarce varietal alternatives of high grain yield and quality that are adapted to its climatic and edaphic conditions. The current research is based on the selection of superior lines or potential varieties with high genetic merit using the restricted maximum likelihood/standardized best linear unbiased predictor (REML/BLUPe) procedure. Sixty advanced lines and four commercial varieties were tested in an 8x8 alpha lattice design. Grain yield (GY) oscillated between 1,117 and 4,431 kg ha-1, the population average yield was 2,682 kg ha-1, and BLUPe predictors ranged between 5.37 and -3.71. With a t-test at a significance of 5% (1.67) and a predictor comparator of (t1-t2)≥1.67 (√2), six outstanding lines were identified with superior BLUPe values compared to the mean (P<0.05) and GY>3,500 kg ha-1. In descending order (kg ha-1), the GY was: L-041 (4,431), L-019 (4,326), L-104 (3,923), L-149 (3,832), L-202 (3,536), and L-201 (3,519 kg ha-1). The BLUPe standardized predictor allowed an effective selection (92%) of lines.
哥伦比亚Orinoquía和Altillanura次区域在大豆生产（土壤气候条件、成本效益比、潜在面积和位置）、蛋白质含量高（约37%）的基本食品以及主要用于家禽和猪营养方面显示出比较和竞争优势。然而，这个幅员辽阔的地区很少有适合其气候和土壤条件的高产量和高质量的品种替代品。目前的研究是基于使用限制最大似然/标准化最佳线性无偏预测因子（REML/BLUPe）程序选择具有高遗传价值的优良品系或潜在品种。60个先进品系和4个商业品种在8x8α晶格设计中进行了测试。粮食产量（GY）在1117至4431 kg ha-1之间波动，群体平均产量为2682 kg ha-1，BLUPe预测因子在5.37至-3.71之间。通过显著性为5%（1.67）的t检验和（t1-t2）≥1.67（√2）的预测比较器，与平均值（P3500 kg ha-1）相比，6个突出品系的BLUPe值较高。按照降序（kg ha-1），GY为：L-041（4431）、L-019（4326）、L-104（3923）、L-149（3832）、L-202（3536）和L-201（3519 kg ha-1。BLUPe标准化预测器允许有效选择（92%）行。
{"title":"Application of the BLUPe predictor in the selection of potential soybean varieties for Orinoquia","authors":"Rubén Alfredo Valencia Ramírez, Yuli Stephani Tibocha Ardila","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.101137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.101137","url":null,"abstract":"The Colombian Orinoquía and the Altillanura subregion show comparative and competitive advantages for soybean production (edaphoclimatic conditions, cost-benefit ratio, potential area, and location), essential food with a high protein content (~37%) and used mostly for poultry and pig nutrition. However, this immense region has scarce varietal alternatives of high grain yield and quality that are adapted to its climatic and edaphic conditions. The current research is based on the selection of superior lines or potential varieties with high genetic merit using the restricted maximum likelihood/standardized best linear unbiased predictor (REML/BLUPe) procedure. Sixty advanced lines and four commercial varieties were tested in an 8x8 alpha lattice design. Grain yield (GY) oscillated between 1,117 and 4,431 kg ha-1, the population average yield was 2,682 kg ha-1, and BLUPe predictors ranged between 5.37 and -3.71. With a t-test at a significance of 5% (1.67) and a predictor comparator of (t1-t2)≥1.67 (√2), six outstanding lines were identified with superior BLUPe values compared to the mean (P<0.05) and GY>3,500 kg ha-1. In descending order (kg ha-1), the GY was: L-041 (4,431), L-019 (4,326), L-104 (3,923), L-149 (3,832), L-202 (3,536), and L-201 (3,519 kg ha-1). The BLUPe standardized predictor allowed an effective selection (92%) of lines.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45813175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-17DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.99390
Henrique Caletti Mezzomo, C. R. Casagrande, Caique Machado e Silva, Gabriel Wolter Lima, A. Borém, M. Nardino
The selection of segregating populations with the potential for derived lines is essential for breeding programs. The present work analyzes the potential of tropical F2 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations originated from complete diallel cross combinations. For this purpose, eight tropical wheat cultivars were combined in a complete diallel design in 2019 after F1 seeds were multiplied in a greenhouse and the seeds of 56 F2 populations, plus the eight parents, were evaluated in the field in Viçosa, MG, Brazil in the winter harvest of 2020 using a simple lattice design (8×8). The trait scores of (1) severity of tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis), (2) severity of wheat head blast (WHB) (Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum), (3) days to heading, (4) spike height, (5) and total grain weight of the plot were evaluated. We performed a diallel analysis using mixed models to obtain the effects of general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and estimation of population genotypic values. The additive effect predominated for the control of all traits, except for spike height. There were greater GCA effects for the set of parental maternal plants. Heritability, in the narrow sense, ranged from 0.20 (blast) to 0.66 (heading). There was an effect of maternal GCA for all variables, while for paternal GCA the effect was only for days passed for head and total grain weight. Populations derived from the cultivars TBIO Aton, TBIO Ponteiro, and TBIO Sossego had lower disease severity, while the combinations from BRS 254, BRS 264, and BRS 394 had earlier maturation time. The most promising combinations to derive lines for the set of traits were BRS 254 × CD 1303, BRS 394 × TBIO Aton, TBIO Aton × BRS 254, CD 1303 × BRS 254, and CD 1303 × BRS 264.
{"title":"Combining ability and selection of wheat populations for a tropical environment","authors":"Henrique Caletti Mezzomo, C. R. Casagrande, Caique Machado e Silva, Gabriel Wolter Lima, A. Borém, M. Nardino","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.99390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.99390","url":null,"abstract":"The selection of segregating populations with the potential for derived lines is essential for breeding programs. The present work analyzes the potential of tropical F2 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) populations originated from complete diallel cross combinations. For this purpose, eight tropical wheat cultivars were combined in a complete diallel design in 2019 after F1 seeds were multiplied in a greenhouse and the seeds of 56 F2 populations, plus the eight parents, were evaluated in the field in Viçosa, MG, Brazil in the winter harvest of 2020 using a simple lattice design (8×8). The trait scores of (1) severity of tan spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis), (2) severity of wheat head blast (WHB) (Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum), (3) days to heading, (4) spike height, (5) and total grain weight of the plot were evaluated. We performed a diallel analysis using mixed models to obtain the effects of general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), and estimation of population genotypic values. The additive effect predominated for the control of all traits, except for spike height. There were greater GCA effects for the set of parental maternal plants. Heritability, in the narrow sense, ranged from 0.20 (blast) to 0.66 (heading). There was an effect of maternal GCA for all variables, while for paternal GCA the effect was only for days passed for head and total grain weight. Populations derived from the cultivars TBIO Aton, TBIO Ponteiro, and TBIO Sossego had lower disease severity, while the combinations from BRS 254, BRS 264, and BRS 394 had earlier maturation time. The most promising combinations to derive lines for the set of traits were BRS 254 × CD 1303, BRS 394 × TBIO Aton, TBIO Aton × BRS 254, CD 1303 × BRS 254, and CD 1303 × BRS 264.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45821285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-11DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.98948
Hernan Darío Suárez Rodríguez, Diego Andrés Benítez Duarte, A. Chaparro-Giraldo, O. Acosta
Off-patent corn (event TC1507) contains genes coding for CRY1F and PAT proteins, which confer resistance to lepidopteran insects and tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate-ammonium. We employed the substantial equivalence approach to investigate the compositional safety of the corn off-patent event (TC1507). The levels of the nutritional contents of proximate analytes in grain and forage tissues of off-patent genotypes of transgenic maize plants and conventional corn genotypes were compared. The levels of the analytes evaluated in the transgenic plants were found to be within the ranges published in the literature for non-transgenic corn and were statistically indistinguishable from the conventional corn from which they are derived (elite corn lines), indicating substantial equivalence between the off-patent (event TC1507) and its conventional counterpart. These results constitute key evidence of the safety evaluation of the world’s first transgenic corn developed from technologies that are in the public domain.
{"title":"Equivalence of grain and forage composition in corn hybrid (Zea mays L.) from genetically modified off-patent (event TC1507) and non-genetically modified conventional corn","authors":"Hernan Darío Suárez Rodríguez, Diego Andrés Benítez Duarte, A. Chaparro-Giraldo, O. Acosta","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.98948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.98948","url":null,"abstract":"Off-patent corn (event TC1507) contains genes coding for CRY1F and PAT proteins, which confer resistance to lepidopteran insects and tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate-ammonium. We employed the substantial equivalence approach to investigate the compositional safety of the corn off-patent event (TC1507). The levels of the nutritional contents of proximate analytes in grain and forage tissues of off-patent genotypes of transgenic maize plants and conventional corn genotypes were compared. The levels of the analytes evaluated in the transgenic plants were found to be within the ranges published in the literature for non-transgenic corn and were statistically indistinguishable from the conventional corn from which they are derived (elite corn lines), indicating substantial equivalence between the off-patent (event TC1507) and its conventional counterpart. These results constitute key evidence of the safety evaluation of the world’s first transgenic corn developed from technologies that are in the public domain.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48196947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-11DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.98170
H. Heidari, Mozhgan Amiriani
Maize is one of the most productive crops whose seeds are used in the poultry sector as one of the main ingredients in their diet. It is also important forage for ruminants as silage. The aim of this research was to assess the effect of defoliation and detopping on dual-purpose maize production in field (Kermanshah, Iran, Mediterranean climate conditions) and laboratory experiments. The study included a control (intact plant), removal of leaves at the top of the ear, removal of leaves under the ear, removal of all leaves, detopping stem removal at the top of the ear, and detopping including removal of leaves under the ear. In the laboratory experiment, germination traits were assessed in seeds obtained from the mother plants in the field experiment. The field and laboratory experiments were conducted with a randomized complete block design and completely randomized design. The data were analyzed using a general linear model. The removal of leaves under the ear produced an increased seed number per row compared to the removal of leaves at the top of the ear. Intact plants (control) and the plants defoliated under the ear had a higher 100-seed weight than other treatments. There was no difference between detopping and control plants in seed yield. Removal of leaves under the ear of mother plants produced a lower seed germination percentage (83%), radicle length (11.3 cm), and seed vigor than in other treatments. The results show that maize can be cultivated as a dual-purpose crop for forage and seed production.
{"title":"Dual-purpose production of forage and seeds in maize by detopping and defoliation","authors":"H. Heidari, Mozhgan Amiriani","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.98170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.98170","url":null,"abstract":"Maize is one of the most productive crops whose seeds are used in the poultry sector as one of the main ingredients in their diet. It is also important forage for ruminants as silage. The aim of this research was to assess the effect of defoliation and detopping on dual-purpose maize production in field (Kermanshah, Iran, Mediterranean climate conditions) and laboratory experiments. The study included a control (intact plant), removal of leaves at the top of the ear, removal of leaves under the ear, removal of all leaves, detopping stem removal at the top of the ear, and detopping including removal of leaves under the ear. In the laboratory experiment, germination traits were assessed in seeds obtained from the mother plants in the field experiment. The field and laboratory experiments were conducted with a randomized complete block design and completely randomized design. The data were analyzed using a general linear model. The removal of leaves under the ear produced an increased seed number per row compared to the removal of leaves at the top of the ear. Intact plants (control) and the plants defoliated under the ear had a higher 100-seed weight than other treatments. There was no difference between detopping and control plants in seed yield. Removal of leaves under the ear of mother plants produced a lower seed germination percentage (83%), radicle length (11.3 cm), and seed vigor than in other treatments. The results show that maize can be cultivated as a dual-purpose crop for forage and seed production.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49177409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-10DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.98896
Kristal Castellanos Ruiz, M. I. Gómez Sánchez, Luis Ernesto Rodríguez Molano
Diagnostic tools must be developed to optimize the management of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) in potato crops. This research aimed to develop the critical dilution curves for Ca, Mg, and S in potato (Solanum tuberosum L. Group Andigenum), establishing harvest indices and characterizing the nutrient relationships. Four field experiments were established in two growth cycles in the localities of Facatativá (high fertility soils) and Chocontá (low fertility soils) in Colombia. Two cultivars (Diacol Capiro and Pastusa Suprema) and two levels of fertilization (0 and 100% of macro and micronutrients) were evaluated. The dry biomass and Ca, Mg, and S concentration in tubers and aerial parts were measured from the formation of main stems until tuber maturation; this information was used to calculate the critical concentrations (Cac, Mgc, Sc), harvest indices, and nutrient correlations. The critical curves established were for Capiro: Cac = 1.7326W-0.2956, Mgc = 0.7191W-0.2803, Sc = 0.6461W-0.3904 and for Suprema: Cac = 1.523W-0.2559, Mgc = 0.6507W-0.236, Sc = 0.7669W-0.3932. Critical levels were established for five phenological stages. Capiro had a higher accumulation of Ca, Mg, and S in the tubers independently of locality, while Suprema had better performance in Chocontá. The accumulation of mineral nutrients in the tubers followed the order Ca
必须开发诊断工具来优化马铃薯作物中钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)和硫(S)的管理。本研究旨在建立马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum L. Group Andigenum)中Ca、Mg、S的临界稀释曲线，建立收获指标，表征养分关系。在哥伦比亚facatativ(高肥力土壤)和chocont(低肥力土壤)的两个生长周期中建立了四个田间试验。以2个品种(Diacol Capiro和Pastusa Suprema)和2个施肥水平(宏量和微量元素含量分别为0和100%)进行评价。测定了从主茎形成至块茎成熟期间块茎和地上部位的干生物量和Ca、Mg、S浓度;该信息用于计算临界浓度(Cac、Mgc、Sc)、收获指数和养分相关性。建立的临界曲线为Capiro: Cac = 1.7326W-0.2956, Mgc = 0.7191W-0.2803, Sc = 0.6461W-0.3904, Suprema: Cac = 1.523W-0.2559, Mgc = 0.6507W-0.236, Sc = 0.76669 w -0.3932。确定了5个物候阶段的临界水平。Capiro在块茎中Ca、Mg和S的积累与产地无关，而Suprema在块茎中表现较好。块茎中矿质养分的积累顺序为Ca
{"title":"Critical dilution curves for calcium, magnesium, and sulfur in potato (Solanum tuberosum L. Group Andigenum) cultivars Diacol Capiro and Pastusa Suprema","authors":"Kristal Castellanos Ruiz, M. I. Gómez Sánchez, Luis Ernesto Rodríguez Molano","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.98896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.98896","url":null,"abstract":"Diagnostic tools must be developed to optimize the management of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S) in potato crops. This research aimed to develop the critical dilution curves for Ca, Mg, and S in potato (Solanum tuberosum L. Group Andigenum), establishing harvest indices and characterizing the nutrient relationships. Four field experiments were established in two growth cycles in the localities of Facatativá (high fertility soils) and Chocontá (low fertility soils) in Colombia. Two cultivars (Diacol Capiro and Pastusa Suprema) and two levels of fertilization (0 and 100% of macro and micronutrients) were evaluated. The dry biomass and Ca, Mg, and S concentration in tubers and aerial parts were measured from the formation of main stems until tuber maturation; this information was used to calculate the critical concentrations (Cac, Mgc, Sc), harvest indices, and nutrient correlations. The critical curves established were for Capiro: Cac = 1.7326W-0.2956, Mgc = 0.7191W-0.2803, Sc = 0.6461W-0.3904 and for Suprema: Cac = 1.523W-0.2559, Mgc = 0.6507W-0.236, Sc = 0.7669W-0.3932. Critical levels were established for five phenological stages. Capiro had a higher accumulation of Ca, Mg, and S in the tubers independently of locality, while Suprema had better performance in Chocontá. The accumulation of mineral nutrients in the tubers followed the order Ca<Mg<S. Capiro was a genotype with greater Ca-Mg-S uptake and better adaptation to locations. The Cac, Mgc and Sc curves provided a tool to carry out the nutritional diagnoses at critical stages of development and they are the first ones reported for potato of Group Andigenum.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47752609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.102128
Hany Elsayed Heiba, E. Mahgoub, A. Mahmoud, M. Ibrahim, E. Mahdy
Inter-varietal hybridization is a powerful tool for genetic improvement and production of new genotypes for a trait of interest. Four parents of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) were hybridized using agromorphological and molecular characterization to obtain genotypes resistant to the chocolate spot disease. The study was done at the Nubaria Research Station, Giza, Egypt. Eight traits including resistance to chocolate spot, days to flowering, plant height (cm), number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/plant, 100-seed weight (g), and seed yield/plant were estimated during the three growth seasons of 2016/2017, 2017/2018, and 2018/2019. Genetic parameters revealed by RAPD and ISSR markers assessed the genetic variation of genotypes with their generations. Crosses 1 (P1 “Nubaria-1” x P2 “Sakha-1”), 2 (P1 “Nubaria-1” x P3 “T.W”), and 3 (P1 “Nubaria-1” x P4 “Camolina”) revealed high resistance to disease with high yield. Markers patterned specific loci of resistant parents at a length of 360, 470, 450, 660, and 140 bp in RAPD and 1100, 810, 650, 700, 480 bp in ISSR. Inter-varietal hybridization between the resistant and susceptible genotypes is considered one of the most promising methods to obtain germplasm with resistance and high yield.
{"title":"Genetic improvement of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) genotypes selected for resistance to chocolate spot disease","authors":"Hany Elsayed Heiba, E. Mahgoub, A. Mahmoud, M. Ibrahim, E. Mahdy","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.102128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.102128","url":null,"abstract":"Inter-varietal hybridization is a powerful tool for genetic improvement and production of new genotypes for a trait of interest. Four parents of faba beans (Vicia faba L.) were hybridized using agromorphological and molecular characterization to obtain genotypes resistant to the chocolate spot disease. The study was done at the Nubaria Research Station, Giza, Egypt. Eight traits including resistance to chocolate spot, days to flowering, plant height (cm), number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/plant, 100-seed weight (g), and seed yield/plant were estimated during the three growth seasons of 2016/2017, 2017/2018, and 2018/2019. Genetic parameters revealed by RAPD and ISSR markers assessed the genetic variation of genotypes with their generations. Crosses 1 (P1 “Nubaria-1” x P2 “Sakha-1”), 2 (P1 “Nubaria-1” x P3 “T.W”), and 3 (P1 “Nubaria-1” x P4 “Camolina”) revealed high resistance to disease with high yield. Markers patterned specific loci of resistant parents at a length of 360, 470, 450, 660, and 140 bp in RAPD and 1100, 810, 650, 700, 480 bp in ISSR. Inter-varietal hybridization between the resistant and susceptible genotypes is considered one of the most promising methods to obtain germplasm with resistance and high yield.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45686982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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