Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.103408
William Alberto Lombana-Peña, Oscar Eduardo Pedraza-Contreras, Ramiro Ordoñez-Córdoba, Omar Ariel Nova Manosalva, Julián Andrés Salamanca Bernal
In Colombia, floriculture is a very important section of the economy since it provides income to the country. Within this sector is the cultivation of roses (Rosa spp.), whose production and quality are affected by the presence of various pests and diseases. Among these pests are thrips Frankliniella occidentalis and mites Tetranychus urticae, and among the diseases are downy mildew Peronospora sparsa, powdery mildew Podosphaera pannosa and botrytis Botrytis cinerea. This problem generates large expenses in the purchase of agrochemical products for their control and management. This study analyzes the incidence of various pests and diseases in rose cultivation as a function of climatological variables (evaporation, temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation) in order to predict a future affectation. The analysis was carried out with R as programming language for the calculation of a multiple linear regression model. The results showed satisfactory prediction for the percentage incidence of each of the pests and diseases, since the difference between the predicted values and the values obtained by monitoring did not exceed 5% for the downy mildew, botrytis, mites, and thrips and 10% for the powdery mildew. The tool presented shows appropriate prediction for the possible behavior of the pests and diseases, and, thus, provides the opportunity to counteract their damage and estimate the investment required for their control. In this study, only the percentage incidence data of each of the pests and/or diseases was considered, as well as the value of the response variables in percentage incidence.
{"title":"Statistical model based on climatological variables for the prediction of pest and disease incidence in rose (Rosa spp.) crops","authors":"William Alberto Lombana-Peña, Oscar Eduardo Pedraza-Contreras, Ramiro Ordoñez-Córdoba, Omar Ariel Nova Manosalva, Julián Andrés Salamanca Bernal","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.103408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.103408","url":null,"abstract":"In Colombia, floriculture is a very important section of the economy since it provides income to the country. Within this sector is the cultivation of roses (Rosa spp.), whose production and quality are affected by the presence of various pests and diseases. Among these pests are thrips Frankliniella occidentalis and mites Tetranychus urticae, and among the diseases are downy mildew Peronospora sparsa, powdery mildew Podosphaera pannosa and botrytis Botrytis cinerea. This problem generates large expenses in the purchase of agrochemical products for their control and management. This study analyzes the incidence of various pests and diseases in rose cultivation as a function of climatological variables (evaporation, temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation) in order to predict a future affectation. The analysis was carried out with R as programming language for the calculation of a multiple linear regression model. The results showed satisfactory prediction for the percentage incidence of each of the pests and diseases, since the difference between the predicted values and the values obtained by monitoring did not exceed 5% for the downy mildew, botrytis, mites, and thrips and 10% for the powdery mildew. The tool presented shows appropriate prediction for the possible behavior of the pests and diseases, and, thus, provides the opportunity to counteract their damage and estimate the investment required for their control. In this study, only the percentage incidence data of each of the pests and/or diseases was considered, as well as the value of the response variables in percentage incidence.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135802460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.107053
Magda Aparecida de Lima, Rosana Faria Vieira, Alfredo José Barreto Luiz, José Abrahão Haddad Galvão
Paddy fields are major sources of greenhouse gases, mainly methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Defining the sampling times for determining the average diurnal emission rates is an important step in optimizing field measurement, avoiding the influence of possible peaks. With this purpose, diurnal gas measurements (CH4 and N2O) were taken using the static chamber method during five 24 h-periods (campaigns), every 2 h, at three rice crop development stages (R2, C1 campaign; R5, C2 campaign, and R8, C3 campaign), and in post-harvest (PH, C4 campaign) and in fallow (FP, C5 campaign) periods. The CH4 fluxes remained close to the average flux both at C1 (9.4 ± 1.0 mg CH4 m-2 h-1) and C2 (10.2 ± 1.4 mg CH4 m-2 h-1), allowing the gas sampling at any time of the day, except at 5:00 p.m. when a peak was observed at C1. As the CH4 fluxes for C3, C4, and C5 were close to zero, no average value was identified. The average N2O fluxes were low at C1 (1.0 ± 5.7 μg N2O m-2 h-1) and at C4 (6.7 ± 2.6 μg N2O m-2 h-1), increasing at C2 (26.9 ± 9.3 μg N2O m-2 h-1) and C3 (21.2 ± 7.2 μg N2O m-2 h-1) and reaching higher values during the C5 campaign (73.7 ± 33.3 μg N2O m-2 h-1). In general, considering the average flux values recorded in this study, the most appropriate times for sampling N2O during the C1, C2, C3, and C4 campaigns would be from 9 p.m. to 1 a.m. and also around 11:00 a.m. Average N2O flows in fallow would be more likely around 11:00 p.m. and 11 a.m.
{"title":"CH4 and N2O fluxes during paddy rice crop development, post-harvest, and fallow","authors":"Magda Aparecida de Lima, Rosana Faria Vieira, Alfredo José Barreto Luiz, José Abrahão Haddad Galvão","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.107053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.107053","url":null,"abstract":"Paddy fields are major sources of greenhouse gases, mainly methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). Defining the sampling times for determining the average diurnal emission rates is an important step in optimizing field measurement, avoiding the influence of possible peaks. With this purpose, diurnal gas measurements (CH4 and N2O) were taken using the static chamber method during five 24 h-periods (campaigns), every 2 h, at three rice crop development stages (R2, C1 campaign; R5, C2 campaign, and R8, C3 campaign), and in post-harvest (PH, C4 campaign) and in fallow (FP, C5 campaign) periods. The CH4 fluxes remained close to the average flux both at C1 (9.4 ± 1.0 mg CH4 m-2 h-1) and C2 (10.2 ± 1.4 mg CH4 m-2 h-1), allowing the gas sampling at any time of the day, except at 5:00 p.m. when a peak was observed at C1. As the CH4 fluxes for C3, C4, and C5 were close to zero, no average value was identified. The average N2O fluxes were low at C1 (1.0 ± 5.7 μg N2O m-2 h-1) and at C4 (6.7 ± 2.6 μg N2O m-2 h-1), increasing at C2 (26.9 ± 9.3 μg N2O m-2 h-1) and C3 (21.2 ± 7.2 μg N2O m-2 h-1) and reaching higher values during the C5 campaign (73.7 ± 33.3 μg N2O m-2 h-1). In general, considering the average flux values recorded in this study, the most appropriate times for sampling N2O during the C1, C2, C3, and C4 campaigns would be from 9 p.m. to 1 a.m. and also around 11:00 a.m. Average N2O flows in fallow would be more likely around 11:00 p.m. and 11 a.m.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":"198 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135802336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is a cosmopolitan pest that affects leaves and fruits, causing damage to crops. Various control techniques are used to eliminate adults and larvae; however, none of themis completely effective. Thus, this study tested the use of a light trap with an ultraviolet lamp and an electrical device to control T. absoluta in a tomato greenhouse (‘Grazianni’) located in Paty do Alferes (Brazil) and recorded the best capture period. For this, three FIX model mosquito traps were placed inside the greenhouse (2.4 m high, 1.2 m apart) during one lunar cycle. The catch was evaluated in the following time periods: from 7:00 pm to 10:30 pm, from 10:30 pm to 02:00 am, and from 02:00 to 05:30 am. A total of 6,886 specimens were collected. The time interval from 7:00-10:30 pm resulted in the highest abundance captured (54.3%), similar to previous data on the flight period of T. absoluta. These results contribute to the Integrated Pest Management of the tomato crop, an alternative to the exclusive use of chemical control methods which fail to efficiently control the tomato moth.
Tuta absoluta (Meyrick饰)是一种世界性的害虫，影响树叶和水果，对农作物造成损害。采用各种防治技术消灭成虫和幼虫;然而，没有一个是完全有效的。因此，本研究在巴西阿尔弗雷斯(partido Alferes)的一个番茄温室(“Grazianni”)中测试了使用带有紫外线灯和电子装置的捕光器来控制绝对白蝽，并记录了最佳捕获期。为此，在一个月球周期内，在温室内放置了三个FIX模型的捕蚊器(高2.4米，间隔1.2米)。在以下时间段对渔获量进行评估:晚上7:00至10:30，晚上10:30至凌晨02:00，凌晨02:00至05:30。共采集标本6886份。在晚上7 ~ 10时30分捕获的丰度最高(54.3%)，与以往关于绝棉田鼠飞行期的数据相似。这些结果有助于番茄作物病虫害综合治理，替代化学防治方法不能有效控制番茄蛾。
{"title":"Efficiency of capture of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) with mosquito killer light traps","authors":"Enio Nunez, Leandro Silva Barbosa, Fernanda Avelino-Capistrano","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.106193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.106193","url":null,"abstract":"Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is a cosmopolitan pest that affects leaves and fruits, causing damage to crops. Various control techniques are used to eliminate adults and larvae; however, none of themis completely effective. Thus, this study tested the use of a light trap with an ultraviolet lamp and an electrical device to control T. absoluta in a tomato greenhouse (‘Grazianni’) located in Paty do Alferes (Brazil) and recorded the best capture period. For this, three FIX model mosquito traps were placed inside the greenhouse (2.4 m high, 1.2 m apart) during one lunar cycle. The catch was evaluated in the following time periods: from 7:00 pm to 10:30 pm, from 10:30 pm to 02:00 am, and from 02:00 to 05:30 am. A total of 6,886 specimens were collected. The time interval from 7:00-10:30 pm resulted in the highest abundance captured (54.3%), similar to previous data on the flight period of T. absoluta. These results contribute to the Integrated Pest Management of the tomato crop, an alternative to the exclusive use of chemical control methods which fail to efficiently control the tomato moth.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135802458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.107282
Luiz Claudio Rodrigues, Tulio Russino Castro, Cassiano Garcia Roque, Fernando França da Cunha, Fabio Lima Abrantes, Gabriela Vitória Souza, Job Teixeira de Oliveira
Soybean is currently the most cultivated oilseed in the world. The objective of this study was to analyze the chemical attributes of Oxisol correlated with soybean productivity. The attributes evaluated were grain productivity, soil properties of organic matter contents, phosphorous, pH, potassium, calcium, magnesium, hydrogen + aluminum, aluminum, sum of bases, cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation, liming requirement; penetration resistance at 0.0-0.10 m, 0.10-0.20 m, 0.20-0.30 m, and 0.30-0.40 m. Soil chemical attributes were submitted to a descriptive classic analysis with the help of the RBio software. In the semivariogram analysis, the attributes calcium, magnesium, aluminum, sum of bases, base saturation, liming requirement, and penetration resistance at 0.30-0.40 m showed a pure nugget effect, meaning no spatial dependence. In conclusion, CEC was the attribute that best described the soybean yield data in dystrophic Red Latosols. Attributes of grain productivity, soil organic matter, phosphorus, pH, potassium, hydrogen + aluminum, CEC, penetration resistance at 0.00 to 0.30 m showed spatial dependence.
{"title":"Spatial correlation of soybean yield with the chemical attributes of an Oxisol","authors":"Luiz Claudio Rodrigues, Tulio Russino Castro, Cassiano Garcia Roque, Fernando França da Cunha, Fabio Lima Abrantes, Gabriela Vitória Souza, Job Teixeira de Oliveira","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.107282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.107282","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean is currently the most cultivated oilseed in the world. The objective of this study was to analyze the chemical attributes of Oxisol correlated with soybean productivity. The attributes evaluated were grain productivity, soil properties of organic matter contents, phosphorous, pH, potassium, calcium, magnesium, hydrogen + aluminum, aluminum, sum of bases, cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation, liming requirement; penetration resistance at 0.0-0.10 m, 0.10-0.20 m, 0.20-0.30 m, and 0.30-0.40 m. Soil chemical attributes were submitted to a descriptive classic analysis with the help of the RBio software. In the semivariogram analysis, the attributes calcium, magnesium, aluminum, sum of bases, base saturation, liming requirement, and penetration resistance at 0.30-0.40 m showed a pure nugget effect, meaning no spatial dependence. In conclusion, CEC was the attribute that best described the soybean yield data in dystrophic Red Latosols. Attributes of grain productivity, soil organic matter, phosphorus, pH, potassium, hydrogen + aluminum, CEC, penetration resistance at 0.00 to 0.30 m showed spatial dependence.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135802331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.106570
Oday Hasan Ali AL-Jammaas
Enzymatic browning is one of the reactions influencing the quality of some fruit juices such as quince juice. Nowadays, there is an increased demand for application of antibrowning agents. This research was aimed at the effects of using each ethanolic and aqueous apple peel extracts (EAPE, AAPE) in two concentrations (0.3 and 3%) as inhibitor agents for polyphenol oxidase activity (PPO) of quince juice and their effects on the browning index (BI), total soluble solids (TSS), pH, total titratable acidity (TA), and total phenolic content (TPC) during storage at 4°C for 15 d. The effectiveness of 3% (w/v) alcoholic apple peel extract efficiently inactivated the activities of PPO compared with another three extracts during whole refrigerated storage time. The lowest inhibition percentage value of BI was found in 0.3% AAPE supplemented quince juices. EAPE and AAPE with concentrations of 3% had significantly larger pH values than that of EAPE and AAPE with concentration 0.3% and untreated quince juices at a final day of cold storage. TA values of juice samples untreated and treated with apple extracts did not show significant changes that ranged between 74-75 mg/100 ml at the beginning of storage and decreased with increased storage time, ranging between 0.68-0.72 mg/100 ml at the end of storage. The addition of apple peel extracts during the storage of quince juice had a positive effect on TSS values of the samples. Significantly larger TPC values (P<0.05) were obtained with 3% EAPE incorporated juice samples in comparison with other treatments.
{"title":"Effect of apple peel extracts on storage quality of quince juice","authors":"Oday Hasan Ali AL-Jammaas","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.106570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.106570","url":null,"abstract":"Enzymatic browning is one of the reactions influencing the quality of some fruit juices such as quince juice. Nowadays, there is an increased demand for application of antibrowning agents. This research was aimed at the effects of using each ethanolic and aqueous apple peel extracts (EAPE, AAPE) in two concentrations (0.3 and 3%) as inhibitor agents for polyphenol oxidase activity (PPO) of quince juice and their effects on the browning index (BI), total soluble solids (TSS), pH, total titratable acidity (TA), and total phenolic content (TPC) during storage at 4°C for 15 d. The effectiveness of 3% (w/v) alcoholic apple peel extract efficiently inactivated the activities of PPO compared with another three extracts during whole refrigerated storage time. The lowest inhibition percentage value of BI was found in 0.3% AAPE supplemented quince juices. EAPE and AAPE with concentrations of 3% had significantly larger pH values than that of EAPE and AAPE with concentration 0.3% and untreated quince juices at a final day of cold storage. TA values of juice samples untreated and treated with apple extracts did not show significant changes that ranged between 74-75 mg/100 ml at the beginning of storage and decreased with increased storage time, ranging between 0.68-0.72 mg/100 ml at the end of storage. The addition of apple peel extracts during the storage of quince juice had a positive effect on TSS values of the samples. Significantly larger TPC values (P<0.05) were obtained with 3% EAPE incorporated juice samples in comparison with other treatments.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135802465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.107031
Grazia Disciglio, Annalisa Tarantino, Francesco Lops, Laura Frabboni
Two separate independent experiments were carried out on agronomic approaches for controlling infestation by Phelipanche ramosa: the evaluation of two soil plowing depths (30 and 50 cm) and determining the resistance of two tomato cultivars (SV5197 and SV8840) to this parasitic plant. The experiments were performed in 2014 and 2018 seasons in naturally heavily infested fields in the province of Foggia (Apulia Region, south-eastern Italy). Based on our results, the 50 cm moldboard plowing depth reduced parasite infestation by 41.2% compared to that of 30 cm depth, commonly adopted by local farmers. Higher attachments to the host plants were observed in SV5197 than in SV8840, which could be correlated with the different level of resistance of the host plant. In both experiments, the highest Phelipanche infestation reduced the tomato yield but did not affect the fruit quality.
{"title":"Field management of Phelipanche ramosa on tomatoes by plowing depth or resistance strategies","authors":"Grazia Disciglio, Annalisa Tarantino, Francesco Lops, Laura Frabboni","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.107031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.107031","url":null,"abstract":"Two separate independent experiments were carried out on agronomic approaches for controlling infestation by Phelipanche ramosa: the evaluation of two soil plowing depths (30 and 50 cm) and determining the resistance of two tomato cultivars (SV5197 and SV8840) to this parasitic plant. The experiments were performed in 2014 and 2018 seasons in naturally heavily infested fields in the province of Foggia (Apulia Region, south-eastern Italy). Based on our results, the 50 cm moldboard plowing depth reduced parasite infestation by 41.2% compared to that of 30 cm depth, commonly adopted by local farmers. Higher attachments to the host plants were observed in SV5197 than in SV8840, which could be correlated with the different level of resistance of the host plant. In both experiments, the highest Phelipanche infestation reduced the tomato yield but did not affect the fruit quality.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135802335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.104214
Akim Afonso Garcia, Eduardo Pradi Vendruscolo, Sebastião Ferreira de Lima, Cássio De Castro Seron, Murilo Battistuzzi Martins, Gabriela Rodrigues Sant' Ana
The use of water with a high concentration of salts has been increasingly frequent in vegetable production. This reduces the development and productivity of vegetables, raising the importance of the search for techniques to mitigate deleterious effects. In this sense, vitamins have the potential to improve conditions for plant development. The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the application of B vitamins in lettuce plants submitted to irrigation with saline water. The treatments consisted of Control: irrigated with water and without application of vitamins; NaCl: irrigated with saline solution (50 mM NaCl, equivalent 5.18 dS m-1) and without application of vitamins; NaCl+B1: irrigated with saline solution and application of vitamin thiamine (100 mg L-1); NaCl+B3: irrigated with saline solution and application of vitamin niacin (100 mg L-1). These treatments were applied to two lettuce cultivars, “Pira Roxa” and “Valentina”. Both vitamins increased net photosynthesis when compared to the NaCl treatment. However, only the application of thiamine resulted in a mitigating effect on the losses of plant dry mass accumulation. Thus, the exogenous application of these vitamins alleviates the effects caused by salinity in lettuce plants, reducing stress on photosynthetic mechanisms and increasing photosynthetic activity. In addition, thiamine helps to reduce the deleterious effects of salinity on the accumulation of biomass.
在蔬菜生产中越来越频繁地使用高浓度盐水。这降低了蔬菜的发展和生产力，提高了寻找减轻有害影响的技术的重要性。从这个意义上说，维生素有可能改善植物发育的条件。本研究旨在评价在盐水灌溉的生菜植株上施用B族维生素的效果。处理包括对照:用水灌溉，不施用维生素;NaCl:用生理盐水(50 mM NaCl，相当于5.18 dS m-1)冲洗，不施用维生素;NaCl+B1:生理盐水冲洗，外加维生素硫胺素(100 mg L-1);NaCl+B3:用生理盐水冲洗，并应用维生素烟酸(100 mg L-1)。这些处理应用于两个生菜品种“Pira Roxa”和“Valentina”。与NaCl处理相比，这两种维生素都增加了净光合作用。然而，只有硫胺素对植物干物质积累损失有缓解作用。因此，外源施用这些维生素可以减轻盐对生菜植株的影响，减轻光合机制的胁迫，提高光合活性。此外，硫胺素有助于减少盐度对生物量积累的有害影响。
{"title":"Effect of B vitamins on lettuce plants subjected to saline stress","authors":"Akim Afonso Garcia, Eduardo Pradi Vendruscolo, Sebastião Ferreira de Lima, Cássio De Castro Seron, Murilo Battistuzzi Martins, Gabriela Rodrigues Sant' Ana","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.104214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.104214","url":null,"abstract":"The use of water with a high concentration of salts has been increasingly frequent in vegetable production. This reduces the development and productivity of vegetables, raising the importance of the search for techniques to mitigate deleterious effects. In this sense, vitamins have the potential to improve conditions for plant development. The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of the application of B vitamins in lettuce plants submitted to irrigation with saline water. The treatments consisted of Control: irrigated with water and without application of vitamins; NaCl: irrigated with saline solution (50 mM NaCl, equivalent 5.18 dS m-1) and without application of vitamins; NaCl+B1: irrigated with saline solution and application of vitamin thiamine (100 mg L-1); NaCl+B3: irrigated with saline solution and application of vitamin niacin (100 mg L-1). These treatments were applied to two lettuce cultivars, “Pira Roxa” and “Valentina”. Both vitamins increased net photosynthesis when compared to the NaCl treatment. However, only the application of thiamine resulted in a mitigating effect on the losses of plant dry mass accumulation. Thus, the exogenous application of these vitamins alleviates the effects caused by salinity in lettuce plants, reducing stress on photosynthetic mechanisms and increasing photosynthetic activity. In addition, thiamine helps to reduce the deleterious effects of salinity on the accumulation of biomass.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135802459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.106564
Alex Danny Chambi-Rodríguez, Ana Mónica Torres-Jiménez, Carmen Rosa Apaza-Humerez, Deysi Rosmery Salguero-Pacco
Tomato sauce is one of the most consumed dish components in the world; and, for this reason, it is one of the most studied in the food industry. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of quinoa germ on the chromatic properties of tomato sauce. Tomato paste was prepared with additions of powdered quinoa germ using an analysis of variance of a single factor where the percentage of quinoa germ was the independent variable and water content, water activity (aw), and chromatic properties were the response variables. The results showed that as the percentage of germ increased, values of water content and water activity lowered. However, the chromatic properties showed values with a tendency to increase. In conclusion, the quinoa germ directly impacted the variables studied.
{"title":"Evaluation of the effect of quinoa germ on the chromatic properties of tomato sauce","authors":"Alex Danny Chambi-Rodríguez, Ana Mónica Torres-Jiménez, Carmen Rosa Apaza-Humerez, Deysi Rosmery Salguero-Pacco","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.106564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.106564","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato sauce is one of the most consumed dish components in the world; and, for this reason, it is one of the most studied in the food industry. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of quinoa germ on the chromatic properties of tomato sauce. Tomato paste was prepared with additions of powdered quinoa germ using an analysis of variance of a single factor where the percentage of quinoa germ was the independent variable and water content, water activity (aw), and chromatic properties were the response variables. The results showed that as the percentage of germ increased, values of water content and water activity lowered. However, the chromatic properties showed values with a tendency to increase. In conclusion, the quinoa germ directly impacted the variables studied.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135802461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.105356
Ruth Mary Ibarra Guevara, Juan Carlos Barrientos Fuentes, Wilmer Andrés Gómez Guerrero
Strategies to overcome the sugarcane crisis in recent years are based on technological improvements in production, product diversification, exports, associativity and organic production. The purpose of this research was to analyze the technical, economic, social, and environmental implications of organic production of panela using ASOPROPANOC as a case study. The comparative analysis between the certified organic production system and the traditional system was based on documentary review, surveys with producers of the association, interviews to experts of the municipality, and observation in farms and sugarcane mills. The results show that the organic panela production system improves yields by 11% due to new varieties introduced and a more orderly production culture. Producing organic panela requires increases in investment by 46% but compensates with higher income and profits (16%); it also generates more jobs, improves worker producer safety, their health and organization, and offers a better product to the consumer. The organic production system reduces between 50% and 150% the use of fuel materials per kg of panela produced as well as greenhouse gas emissions (between 1 and 91%) and water use (72%). Producing organic panela is an attractive option for growers.
{"title":"Technical, economic, social, and environmental implications of the organic panela production in Nocaima, Colombia: The ASOPROPANOC case","authors":"Ruth Mary Ibarra Guevara, Juan Carlos Barrientos Fuentes, Wilmer Andrés Gómez Guerrero","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.105356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.105356","url":null,"abstract":"Strategies to overcome the sugarcane crisis in recent years are based on technological improvements in production, product diversification, exports, associativity and organic production. The purpose of this research was to analyze the technical, economic, social, and environmental implications of organic production of panela using ASOPROPANOC as a case study. The comparative analysis between the certified organic production system and the traditional system was based on documentary review, surveys with producers of the association, interviews to experts of the municipality, and observation in farms and sugarcane mills. The results show that the organic panela production system improves yields by 11% due to new varieties introduced and a more orderly production culture. Producing organic panela requires increases in investment by 46% but compensates with higher income and profits (16%); it also generates more jobs, improves worker producer safety, their health and organization, and offers a better product to the consumer. The organic production system reduces between 50% and 150% the use of fuel materials per kg of panela produced as well as greenhouse gas emissions (between 1 and 91%) and water use (72%). Producing organic panela is an attractive option for growers.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135802462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.104490
Camila Andrea Avila-Ortiz, Andrés Giraldo-Toro, Valentina Guzmán, María Soledad Hernández
The nasturtium is diverse in bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, anthocyanins, and glucosinolates. Due to these attributes, it is important to apply them to novel foods, such as drinks. The objective of this study was to carry out a sensory evaluation for the viability of the addition of nasturtium extract to a beverage. Solvent extraction was performed at a solute-solvent ratio of 1:10 – 1:15 and ethanol purity of 45%, 70%, or 96%; antioxidant capacity was analyzed by the FRAP method and total phenolic compounds content by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Additionally, three samples of the beverage that included nasturtium extract (extract content of 1000, 2500, or 5000 mg kg-1) were evaluated through a 5-point hedonic test and a preference test for the attributes of flavor, aroma, consistency, and the product as a whole. The samples with the highest solute-solvent ratio presented the highest antioxidant capacity, while the samples with ethanol purity of 45% and 70% obtained the highest content of total phenolic compounds. The sample with 1000 mg kg-1 of the extract was the best qualified in all the sensory attributes evaluated.
{"title":"Application and sensory evaluation of a hydroalcoholic extract of nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.) in a beverage from tropical fruits and vegetables","authors":"Camila Andrea Avila-Ortiz, Andrés Giraldo-Toro, Valentina Guzmán, María Soledad Hernández","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.104490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.104490","url":null,"abstract":"The nasturtium is diverse in bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, anthocyanins, and glucosinolates. Due to these attributes, it is important to apply them to novel foods, such as drinks. The objective of this study was to carry out a sensory evaluation for the viability of the addition of nasturtium extract to a beverage. Solvent extraction was performed at a solute-solvent ratio of 1:10 – 1:15 and ethanol purity of 45%, 70%, or 96%; antioxidant capacity was analyzed by the FRAP method and total phenolic compounds content by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Additionally, three samples of the beverage that included nasturtium extract (extract content of 1000, 2500, or 5000 mg kg-1) were evaluated through a 5-point hedonic test and a preference test for the attributes of flavor, aroma, consistency, and the product as a whole. The samples with the highest solute-solvent ratio presented the highest antioxidant capacity, while the samples with ethanol purity of 45% and 70% obtained the highest content of total phenolic compounds. The sample with 1000 mg kg-1 of the extract was the best qualified in all the sensory attributes evaluated.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135802463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：