Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.101989
Solanum paniculatum L., a species endemic to tropical America and used in folk medicine in the treatment of anemia, hepatic and digestive disorders, has been widely studied. However, to date, no previous studies on correlations between the contents of mineral nutrients in plant roots with their contents in soil have been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the main mineral nutrients found in S. paniculatum roots and the soil in their natural habitat. It was observed that S. paniculatum roots grow in soils rich in calcium and had a positive correlation in the concentration of Ca with Fe, Na and K and a negative correlation with Zn and Mg. The results contribute to the knowledge of mineral nutrients in S. paniculatum as well as to its cultivation.
{"title":"Mineral nutrient content of soil and roots of Solanum paniculatum L.","authors":"","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.101989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.101989","url":null,"abstract":"Solanum paniculatum L., a species endemic to tropical America and used in folk medicine in the treatment of anemia, hepatic and digestive disorders, has been widely studied. However, to date, no previous studies on correlations between the contents of mineral nutrients in plant roots with their contents in soil have been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the main mineral nutrients found in S. paniculatum roots and the soil in their natural habitat. It was observed that S. paniculatum roots grow in soils rich in calcium and had a positive correlation in the concentration of Ca with Fe, Na and K and a negative correlation with Zn and Mg. The results contribute to the knowledge of mineral nutrients in S. paniculatum as well as to its cultivation.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42359849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-13DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.103969
Estefania Macías-Echeverri, L. Hoyos-Carvajal, V. Botero-Fernández, Sebastián Zapata-Henao, Juan Carlos Marín-Ortiz
Fusarium wilt is the greatest threat to Musaceae production worldwide; remote sensing techniques based on reflectance spectroscopy are proposed for its detection. The spectral response of leaves of healthy plants and plants infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Race1 (Foc R1) from two banana cultivars during the incubation period of the disease were characterized. Spectra of 400-1000 nm were measured in healthy and Foc R1-infected plants on Gros Michel (GM: susceptible) and Williams (W: resistant) bananas with an Ocean Optics HR2000+ portable spectrometer. Similar general patterns were obtained in the spectra for both cultivars for the Vis, around 25% in the green region, but, as the foliar development progressed, reflectance decreased throughout the entire spectral range, close to 12.5% (green region of Vis range) on leaf 4 of both. Four wavelengths were discriminant for the healthy plants in the cultivars. Additionally, reflectance increased in the infected plants in the incubation period throughout the range, decreasing rapidly once the first visible symptoms appeared. The results suggested that an increase in reflectance at discriminating wavelengths can be used to diagnose diseased plants in the asymptomatic period, and a rapid decrease in this suggests the onset of the symptomatic phase.
{"title":"Spectral behavior of banana with Foc R1 infection: Analysis of Williams and Gros Michel clones","authors":"Estefania Macías-Echeverri, L. Hoyos-Carvajal, V. Botero-Fernández, Sebastián Zapata-Henao, Juan Carlos Marín-Ortiz","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.103969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.103969","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium wilt is the greatest threat to Musaceae production worldwide; remote sensing techniques based on reflectance spectroscopy are proposed for its detection. The spectral response of leaves of healthy plants and plants infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Race1 (Foc R1) from two banana cultivars during the incubation period of the disease were characterized. Spectra of 400-1000 nm were measured in healthy and Foc R1-infected plants on Gros Michel (GM: susceptible) and Williams (W: resistant) bananas with an Ocean Optics HR2000+ portable spectrometer. Similar general patterns were obtained in the spectra for both cultivars for the Vis, around 25% in the green region, but, as the foliar development progressed, reflectance decreased throughout the entire spectral range, close to 12.5% (green region of Vis range) on leaf 4 of both. Four wavelengths were discriminant for the healthy plants in the cultivars. Additionally, reflectance increased in the infected plants in the incubation period throughout the range, decreasing rapidly once the first visible symptoms appeared. The results suggested that an increase in reflectance at discriminating wavelengths can be used to diagnose diseased plants in the asymptomatic period, and a rapid decrease in this suggests the onset of the symptomatic phase.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48735705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-12DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.103742
The chrysanthemum is one of the main ornamental species in the world. It has great relevance in the market. Aphids are the main pests that affect the chrysanthemum crop and cause various types of damage to this plant. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different cropping systems using photoselective screens on the population density of aphids in cut chrysanthemum. The study was carried out in an experimental area of the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo – Campus Itapina (Brazil) in a randomized complete block design, according to the split-plot scheme over time. The experiment was established in 3 blocks of 12 m in length with plots of 3 m containing different photoselective screens (red, silver, and black) and the control treatment (open field). Repeated evaluations at different times were done at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 d. Data were checked for normality and homoscedasticity and submitted to the Tukey’s test (P<0.05) and a non-parametric method of smoothing a dispersion graph with local weight (LOESS regression). Regardless of the color of the photoselective screen, there was a lower incidence of aphids compared to the open field treatment in the chrysanthemum culture with an average reduction of 84%. For the different sampling times, the Tukey test did not show significant differences between the means of aphid incidence in the evaluated period. Black, red, and silver photoselective screens promoted significant reductions in aphid populations in chrysanthemums of the variety Zembla in the environmental conditions of southeastern Brazil.
{"title":"Population density of aphids in chrysanthemums grown under photoselective screens","authors":"","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.103742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.103742","url":null,"abstract":"The chrysanthemum is one of the main ornamental species in the world. It has great relevance in the market. Aphids are the main pests that affect the chrysanthemum crop and cause various types of damage to this plant. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different cropping systems using photoselective screens on the population density of aphids in cut chrysanthemum. The study was carried out in an experimental area of the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo – Campus Itapina (Brazil) in a randomized complete block design, according to the split-plot scheme over time. The experiment was established in 3 blocks of 12 m in length with plots of 3 m containing different photoselective screens (red, silver, and black) and the control treatment (open field). Repeated evaluations at different times were done at 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 d. Data were checked for normality and homoscedasticity and submitted to the Tukey’s test (P<0.05) and a non-parametric method of smoothing a dispersion graph with local weight (LOESS regression). Regardless of the color of the photoselective screen, there was a lower incidence of aphids compared to the open field treatment in the chrysanthemum culture with an average reduction of 84%. For the different sampling times, the Tukey test did not show significant differences between the means of aphid incidence in the evaluated period. Black, red, and silver photoselective screens promoted significant reductions in aphid populations in chrysanthemums of the variety Zembla in the environmental conditions of southeastern Brazil.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48297531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-03DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.102306
D. Portela, Fabián Villamil-Bolaños, F. Sarmiento, A. Chaparro-Giraldo, S. López-Pazos
Genetically modified (GM) plants producing polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are protected by patents. This study analyzes the status of patents covering PHA-producing GM plants, focusing on the production of GM tobacco expressing the phaC gene of Aeromonas caviae for PHA synthesis. Thirty patent applications for PHAs producing GM plants were identified. Patent applications covering the design of GM tobacco expressing the A. caviae phaC gene for biosynthesis of PHAs in peroxisomes were found from our searches; five safeguard the rights on the A. caviae phaC gene, and three protect the transit peptide. In addition, 96 records related to Nicotiana tabacum breeder’s rights were identified, with 22 varieties still protected.
{"title":"Intellectual property on the design of genetically modified tobacco containing a phaC gene for peroxisomal biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates","authors":"D. Portela, Fabián Villamil-Bolaños, F. Sarmiento, A. Chaparro-Giraldo, S. López-Pazos","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.102306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.102306","url":null,"abstract":"Genetically modified (GM) plants producing polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are protected by patents. This study analyzes the status of patents covering PHA-producing GM plants, focusing on the production of GM tobacco expressing the phaC gene of Aeromonas caviae for PHA synthesis. Thirty patent applications for PHAs producing GM plants were identified. Patent applications covering the design of GM tobacco expressing the A. caviae phaC gene for biosynthesis of PHAs in peroxisomes were found from our searches; five safeguard the rights on the A. caviae phaC gene, and three protect the transit peptide. In addition, 96 records related to Nicotiana tabacum breeder’s rights were identified, with 22 varieties still protected.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45110834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.101333
Andrés Felipe León-Burgos, Carlos Ramírez, José Raúl Rendón Sáenz, Luis Carlos Imbachi-Quinchua, Carlos Andrés Unigarro-Muñoz, H. E. Balaguera-López
The growth patterns of coffee plants are determined by interactions between genetic, physiological, and climate factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth patterns of coffee plants in the nursery under the climatic conditions of Chinchiná, Caldas, Colombia, during the first semester of 2019. Measurements were carried out in the Cenicafé 1 variety during six months. Growth parameters such as leaf area, number of leaves, height, stem diameter, and length of the main root were evaluated every 15 d after transplanting (DAT) in 20 plants and the averages of absolute growth (Ĝ) rate of each growth variable were calculated. For the total leaf area, total number of leaves, and stem height, a sigmoidal-type growth curve was adjusted, while the growth curve was linear for the stem diameter (R2 = 0.97) and main root length (R2 = 0.95). Average values were obtained for 520 cm2 for total leaf area, with an Ĝ of 3.31 cm2 d-1, 11 for total leaves (Ĝ 0.055 leaves d-1), 30.23 cm for height (Ĝ 0.155 cm d-1), 4.87 mm for stem diameter (Ĝ 0.199 mm d-1), and 28.80 cm for main root length (Ĝ 0.087 cm d-1) at 180 DAT. These results suggest that growth curves could be a useful tool for describing the growth patterns of coffee seedlings during the nursery stage of growth.
咖啡植物的生长模式是由遗传、生理和气候因素之间的相互作用决定的。本研究的目的是评估2019年上学期哥伦比亚卡尔达斯Chinchina气候条件下苗圃中咖啡植物的生长模式。在六个月的时间里，对Cenicafé1品种进行了测量。对20株植物移植后每15天评估一次生长参数，如叶面积、叶数、高度、茎直径和主根长度，并计算每个生长变量的绝对生长率平均值。对于总叶面积、总叶数和茎高，调整了S型生长曲线，而茎直径（R2=0.97）和主根长度（R2=0.95）的生长曲线是线性的。总叶面积520 cm2的平均值为3.31 cm2 d-1，总叶面积11（0.055叶d-1），高度30.23 cm（0.155 cm d-1），在180 DAT下，茎直径为4.87 mm（Ĝ0.199 mm d-1），主根长度为28.80 cm（2840.087 cm d-1）。这些结果表明，生长曲线可能是描述咖啡幼苗在苗圃生长阶段生长模式的有用工具。
{"title":"Fitting growth curves of coffee plants in the nursery stage of growth: A functional approach","authors":"Andrés Felipe León-Burgos, Carlos Ramírez, José Raúl Rendón Sáenz, Luis Carlos Imbachi-Quinchua, Carlos Andrés Unigarro-Muñoz, H. E. Balaguera-López","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.101333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.101333","url":null,"abstract":"The growth patterns of coffee plants are determined by interactions between genetic, physiological, and climate factors. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth patterns of coffee plants in the nursery under the climatic conditions of Chinchiná, Caldas, Colombia, during the first semester of 2019. Measurements were carried out in the Cenicafé 1 variety during six months. Growth parameters such as leaf area, number of leaves, height, stem diameter, and length of the main root were evaluated every 15 d after transplanting (DAT) in 20 plants and the averages of absolute growth (Ĝ) rate of each growth variable were calculated. For the total leaf area, total number of leaves, and stem height, a sigmoidal-type growth curve was adjusted, while the growth curve was linear for the stem diameter (R2 = 0.97) and main root length (R2 = 0.95). Average values were obtained for 520 cm2 for total leaf area, with an Ĝ of 3.31 cm2 d-1, 11 for total leaves (Ĝ 0.055 leaves d-1), 30.23 cm for height (Ĝ 0.155 cm d-1), 4.87 mm for stem diameter (Ĝ 0.199 mm d-1), and 28.80 cm for main root length (Ĝ 0.087 cm d-1) at 180 DAT. These results suggest that growth curves could be a useful tool for describing the growth patterns of coffee seedlings during the nursery stage of growth.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46957739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-09DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.102857
O. Peñuelas-Rubio, Leandris Argentel-Martínez, José Aurelio Leyva Ponce, J. García-Urías, J. Garatuza‐Payán, E. Yépez, M. Hasanuzzaman, J. González Aguilera
Some studies on the impact of climate changes on wheat have been carried out, but few have explained the possible variations in root morphology and associated microbial diversity. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of canopy temperature increases of 2°C in wheat during three experimental crop cycles on the initial and final root density and the presence of symbiotic association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under field conditions. The warming treatment resulted in the highest percentage of roots (51%) at a greater depth than the control. The warming caused a 38% decrease in the presence of AMF and a 20% decrease in the number of spores per kilogram of soil. The warming treatment generated stress intensities of 18 and 17% in the amount of spore per kilogram of soil and percentage of colonization, respectively.
{"title":"Warming reduces the root density and wheat colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the Yaqui Valley, Mexico","authors":"O. Peñuelas-Rubio, Leandris Argentel-Martínez, José Aurelio Leyva Ponce, J. García-Urías, J. Garatuza‐Payán, E. Yépez, M. Hasanuzzaman, J. González Aguilera","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.102857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.102857","url":null,"abstract":"Some studies on the impact of climate changes on wheat have been carried out, but few have explained the possible variations in root morphology and associated microbial diversity. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of canopy temperature increases of 2°C in wheat during three experimental crop cycles on the initial and final root density and the presence of symbiotic association with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) under field conditions. The warming treatment resulted in the highest percentage of roots (51%) at a greater depth than the control. The warming caused a 38% decrease in the presence of AMF and a 20% decrease in the number of spores per kilogram of soil. The warming treatment generated stress intensities of 18 and 17% in the amount of spore per kilogram of soil and percentage of colonization, respectively.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44397395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.98801
Victor Orlando Rincón-Romero, Angie Molina-Villarreal, Andrea Zabala-Quimbayo, Osmar Ricardo Barrera-Agudelo, Jorge Luís Torres-León
This article describes the process of constructing a model of the geographic information management for the cultivation of oil palm in Colombia. Due to the need to collect, store, update, and analyze data from planted areas in the country, it was necessary to rely on the soft systems model to propose an information system structure that would respond to the needs of accounting for planted areas and to be able to integrate such information with other strategic data for the oil palm sector. This research developed a database model on which the geographic data related to the Colombian planted area of palm oil has been stored for over ten years. The geographic model has allowed creating new information at various territorial scales, integrated with phytosanitary data important for regional crop management. The integration of a web-based platform has positioned the oil palm cadastre as a consultation service for users working in various roles in the oil palm industry, as a reliable geographical bank of information, available to other oil palm project agribusinesses.
{"title":"The oil palm cadastre in Colombia","authors":"Victor Orlando Rincón-Romero, Angie Molina-Villarreal, Andrea Zabala-Quimbayo, Osmar Ricardo Barrera-Agudelo, Jorge Luís Torres-León","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.98801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.98801","url":null,"abstract":"This article describes the process of constructing a model of the geographic information management for the cultivation of oil palm in Colombia. Due to the need to collect, store, update, and analyze data from planted areas in the country, it was necessary to rely on the soft systems model to propose an information system structure that would respond to the needs of accounting for planted areas and to be able to integrate such information with other strategic data for the oil palm sector. This research developed a database model on which the geographic data related to the Colombian planted area of palm oil has been stored for over ten years. The geographic model has allowed creating new information at various territorial scales, integrated with phytosanitary data important for regional crop management. The integration of a web-based platform has positioned the oil palm cadastre as a consultation service for users working in various roles in the oil palm industry, as a reliable geographical bank of information, available to other oil palm project agribusinesses.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48227914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.102900
Danilo Pezzoto de Lima, Gustavo Adolfo de Freitas Fregonezi, F. Hata, M. U. Ventura, J. Resende, C. D. S. Wanderley, A. Figueiredo
The aim of the study was to compare horticultural variables of iceberg lettuce using two Bokashi compost doses, alone and in combination, with the bioactivator Penergetic (Penergetic International AG®) against standard mineral fertilization (NPK) in three crop cycles. Experiments were conducted in a plastic greenhouse at the Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil (548 m a.s.l.). The treatments were: negative control (water, only); positive control (NPK, 4-14-8); Penergetic alone; Bokashi doses 5 g and 10 g/plant with or without a combination with Penergetic. Lettuce plants were grown in pots filled with soil. Commercial biomass (CM), head diameter (HD), plant height (PH) and chlorophyll index (CI) were evaluated. In the three cycles tested, the Bokashi 10 g/plant, Bokashi 10 g/plant + Penergetic, and NPK treatments surpassed the control. The studied variables (CM, HD, PH and CI) in the lower Bokashi dose treatment were also higher than controls but lower than higher Bokashi doses and NPK. Penergetic increases the CM in the lower Bokashi dose treatment just in the first production cycle, probably due to the poor organic matter content in the soil. The treatment Bokashi 10 g/plant improved significantly the lettuce horticultural variables vs. control treatments and was similar to chemical fertilization in two or three crop cycles.
该研究的目的是比较在三个作物周期中使用两种Bokashi堆肥剂量的卷心莴苣的园艺变量，单独使用和组合使用生物激活剂Penergetic (Penergetic International AG®)与标准矿物施肥(NPK)。实验在巴西Londrina universsidade Estadual de london的塑料温室(548 m a.l.)进行。处理为:阴性对照(仅水);阳性对照(NPK, 4-14-8);Penergetic孤独;Bokashi剂量5克和10克/株，与Penergetic或不与Penergetic联合使用。生菜种植在装满泥土的花盆里。对商业生物量(CM)、头径(HD)、株高(PH)和叶绿素指数(CI)进行了评价。在3个循环试验中，博卡什10 g/株、博卡什10 g/株+ perergetic和NPK处理均超过对照。低Bokashi剂量处理的CM、HD、PH和CI也高于对照，但低于高Bokashi剂量和NPK。低博卡施剂量处理仅在第一个生产周期就使CM增加，可能是由于土壤有机质含量较差。与对照处理相比，博卡施10 g/株处理显著提高了生菜的园艺指标，并且在2个或3个作物周期内与化学施肥相似。
{"title":"Use of reduced Bokashi doses is similar to NPK fertilization in iceberg lettuce production","authors":"Danilo Pezzoto de Lima, Gustavo Adolfo de Freitas Fregonezi, F. Hata, M. U. Ventura, J. Resende, C. D. S. Wanderley, A. Figueiredo","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.102900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.102900","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to compare horticultural variables of iceberg lettuce using two Bokashi compost doses, alone and in combination, with the bioactivator Penergetic (Penergetic International AG®) against standard mineral fertilization (NPK) in three crop cycles. Experiments were conducted in a plastic greenhouse at the Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Brazil (548 m a.s.l.). The treatments were: negative control (water, only); positive control (NPK, 4-14-8); Penergetic alone; Bokashi doses 5 g and 10 g/plant with or without a combination with Penergetic. Lettuce plants were grown in pots filled with soil. Commercial biomass (CM), head diameter (HD), plant height (PH) and chlorophyll index (CI) were evaluated. In the three cycles tested, the Bokashi 10 g/plant, Bokashi 10 g/plant + Penergetic, and NPK treatments surpassed the control. The studied variables (CM, HD, PH and CI) in the lower Bokashi dose treatment were also higher than controls but lower than higher Bokashi doses and NPK. Penergetic increases the CM in the lower Bokashi dose treatment just in the first production cycle, probably due to the poor organic matter content in the soil. The treatment Bokashi 10 g/plant improved significantly the lettuce horticultural variables vs. control treatments and was similar to chemical fertilization in two or three crop cycles.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42883943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-31DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.101580
S. Babaei, Sahar Lahooni, Sayed Karim Mousavi, I. Tahmasebi, Payman Sabeti, A. Abdulahi
In order to determine the best time to use and the adequate dose of four herbicides to control weeds in dryland chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) fields, we performed the present experiment in 4 x 5 m plots. Fourteen treatments were carried out that from 1 to 9 included trifluralin. Treatments 1, 2, and 3 were with increasing doses of trifluralin (480, 720, and 960 g ai ha-1) applied 30 days before planting. Treatments 4, 5, and 6 included increasing doses of trifluralin (480, 720, and 960 g ai ha-1) applied 15 days before planting. Treatments 7, 8 and 9 consisted of increasing doses of trifluralin (480, 720, and 960 g ai ha-1) applied at the time of planting. Treatments 10, 11, and 12 included pyroxasulfone (85 g ai ha-1), flumioxazin (51 g ai ha-1) and imazethapyr (100 g ai ha-1), respectively. These last three treatments were carried out at the time of planting; treatments 13 and 14 were: weed-infested (without weed control) and weed-free (manual weeding during the entire season). Flumioxazin 66% and pyroxasulfone 57% (mean of two samples) reduced weed dry weight compared to uncontrolled treatment. The results showed that the treatments were significantly different for 100-seed weight, biological yield, and seed yield of chickpea. Weed-infested and weed-free plants had the lowest and highest grain yield. Herbicide treatments of flumioxazin, trifluralin 960 g ai ha-1, and pyroxasulfone at planting produced 55%, 44%, and 40% higher grain yield than the weed-infested plots. Also, none of the herbicide treatments reduced chickpea yield and biomass. The herbicide residues had no adverse effect on wheat growth in the next crop season.
为了确定4种除草剂在旱地鹰嘴豆(Cicer arietinum L.)田的最佳使用时间和适当剂量，在4 × 5 m的地块上进行了本试验。进行了14次治疗，从1到9使用了曲氟拉林。处理1、2和3分别在播种前30天增加施氟乐灵的剂量(480、720和960 g / ha-1)。处理4、5和6包括在种植前15天施用增加剂量的氟乐灵(480、720和960 g每公顷)。处理7、8和9是在播种时增加施用氟乐灵的剂量(480、720和960 g每公顷)。处理10、11和12分别为吡沙砜(85 g ai ha-1)、氟恶嗪(51 g ai ha-1)和咪唑吡喃(100 g ai ha-1)。后三种处理在播种时进行;处理13和14:杂草丛生(无杂草控制)和无杂草(整个季节人工除草)。氟咪唑嗪66%和pyroxasulfone 57%(两个样本的平均值)与未控制的处理相比，减少了杂草干重。结果表明，不同处理对鹰嘴豆百粒重、生物产量和种子产量均有显著影响。无杂草和有杂草的植株籽粒产量最高和最低。播种时使用氟恶嗪、三氟灵960 g / ha-1和吡咯磺酮比杂草丛生地增产55%、44%和40%。此外，除草剂处理没有降低鹰嘴豆的产量和生物量。除草剂残留对下一季小麦生长无不良影响。
{"title":"Efficiency of herbicides for weed control in chickpea and effect of their residues on wheat growth","authors":"S. Babaei, Sahar Lahooni, Sayed Karim Mousavi, I. Tahmasebi, Payman Sabeti, A. Abdulahi","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.101580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.101580","url":null,"abstract":"In order to determine the best time to use and the adequate dose of four herbicides to control weeds in dryland chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) fields, we performed the present experiment in 4 x 5 m plots. Fourteen treatments were carried out that from 1 to 9 included trifluralin. Treatments 1, 2, and 3 were with increasing doses of trifluralin (480, 720, and 960 g ai ha-1) applied 30 days before planting. Treatments 4, 5, and 6 included increasing doses of trifluralin (480, 720, and 960 g ai ha-1) applied 15 days before planting. Treatments 7, 8 and 9 consisted of increasing doses of trifluralin (480, 720, and 960 g ai ha-1) applied at the time of planting. Treatments 10, 11, and 12 included pyroxasulfone (85 g ai ha-1), flumioxazin (51 g ai ha-1) and imazethapyr (100 g ai ha-1), respectively. These last three treatments were carried out at the time of planting; treatments 13 and 14 were: weed-infested (without weed control) and weed-free (manual weeding during the entire season). Flumioxazin 66% and pyroxasulfone 57% (mean of two samples) reduced weed dry weight compared to uncontrolled treatment. The results showed that the treatments were significantly different for 100-seed weight, biological yield, and seed yield of chickpea. Weed-infested and weed-free plants had the lowest and highest grain yield. Herbicide treatments of flumioxazin, trifluralin 960 g ai ha-1, and pyroxasulfone at planting produced 55%, 44%, and 40% higher grain yield than the weed-infested plots. Also, none of the herbicide treatments reduced chickpea yield and biomass. The herbicide residues had no adverse effect on wheat growth in the next crop season.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46053370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.101378
Annerys Carabeo, J. Jiménez, Zuleiqui Gil, D. Henderson, Paul Adams, Alexander Calero-Hurtado
Soil microorganisms found in agricultural residues and the so-called efficient microorganisms (EM) are attractive for their potential applications and benefits in the bioremediation of complex ecosystems. However, the knowledge about Who is doing what?, as well as the trophic interaction in those communities that explain its benefits are limited; a better understanding of this microbiome is needed to explain its benefits. The objective of this research was to characterize the microorganisms isolated from two soil communities and the efficient microorganisms obtained in laboratory (EM16 consortium), taking into account physico-chemical characteristics, diversity, quantification, and taxonomic identification through microbiological and molecular techniques. A microbiological analysis was performed according to the morphological characteristics of the colonies as well as the study of the dynamics and taxonomic identification of the microbial populations through the TRFLP and Ion Torrent techniques. The diversity, dynamics, and taxonomic identification achieved in these studies showed the prospects for using these soil EM in bioremediation, considering the diverse metabolic pathways that these species have and their symbiotic interactive potential for biodegradation of lignocellulosic-resilient compounds. This study provides the first molecular characterization of the EM (EM16 consortium) and soil isolates from agricultural residues (sugarcane crop and bamboo field). The results suggest that the use of microbiological and molecular tools in a polyphasic approach allows the complete characterization of non-cultivable microorganisms that could contribute to sustainable environmental management and crop production.
{"title":"Taxonomic identification and diversity of effective soil microorganisms: towards a better understanding of this microbiome","authors":"Annerys Carabeo, J. Jiménez, Zuleiqui Gil, D. Henderson, Paul Adams, Alexander Calero-Hurtado","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.101378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n2.101378","url":null,"abstract":"Soil microorganisms found in agricultural residues and the so-called efficient microorganisms (EM) are attractive for their potential applications and benefits in the bioremediation of complex ecosystems. However, the knowledge about Who is doing what?, as well as the trophic interaction in those communities that explain its benefits are limited; a better understanding of this microbiome is needed to explain its benefits. The objective of this research was to characterize the microorganisms isolated from two soil communities and the efficient microorganisms obtained in laboratory (EM16 consortium), taking into account physico-chemical characteristics, diversity, quantification, and taxonomic identification through microbiological and molecular techniques. A microbiological analysis was performed according to the morphological characteristics of the colonies as well as the study of the dynamics and taxonomic identification of the microbial populations through the TRFLP and Ion Torrent techniques. The diversity, dynamics, and taxonomic identification achieved in these studies showed the prospects for using these soil EM in bioremediation, considering the diverse metabolic pathways that these species have and their symbiotic interactive potential for biodegradation of lignocellulosic-resilient compounds. This study provides the first molecular characterization of the EM (EM16 consortium) and soil isolates from agricultural residues (sugarcane crop and bamboo field). The results suggest that the use of microbiological and molecular tools in a polyphasic approach allows the complete characterization of non-cultivable microorganisms that could contribute to sustainable environmental management and crop production.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43105411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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