Pub Date : 2023-04-18DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.103161
Alessandra Ferreira Cortes, Ana Patrícia Lima Sampaio, Gloria Milena Rojas Plazas, Carlos Matheus Santos da Costa, R. Montanari, J. T. D. Oliveira
Mabea fistulifera Mart. (common name: canudo-de-pito) belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and is a native tree species in Brazil showing a high potential to recover degraded lands. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution and spatial correlation between the dendrometric parameters of the M. fistulifera plants and the physical attributes of the soil through geostatistics. The study was carried out at the Paulista State University (UNESP), in the city of Selvíria, MS, Brazil, in a typical dystrophic Red Oxisol with a clayey texture. The following properties were analyzed: for soil, penetration resistance, gravimetric moisture, particle density, and, for plants, circumference and diameter at breast height (measured at 130 cm above the ground), tree height, and total volume of the tree. An experiment grid was introduced with 35 sample points spaced 13 m x 13 m. Two soil samples were taken at each point, at 0.00 - 0.10 m and 0.10 - 0.20 m depth. Descriptive data analysis and spatial dependence analysis were carried out through semivariogram adjustments and kriging maps. The dendrometric properties of the species M. fistulifera and the soil gravimetric moisture content showed spatial dependence. The spherical semivariogram model best explained the spatial structure of circumference at breast height, diameter at breast height, tree volume, and soil gravimetric moisture. There was an emphasis on the correlation between the total volume of the tree as a function of the diameter at breast height, showing a moderate spatial dependence. Furthermore, the tree diameter at breast height proved to be a good indicator for determining the total height of the M. fistulifera tree.
Mabea瘘管动物市场。（俗名：canudo de pito）属于大戟科，是巴西的一种本土树种，具有很高的恢复退化土地的潜力。本研究旨在通过地统计学方法评估瘘管分枝杆菌植物的树状参数与土壤物理属性之间的分布和空间相关性。这项研究是在巴西MS州Selvíria市的保利斯塔州立大学（UNESP）进行的，在一个典型的营养不良的粘土质地的红氧溶胶中进行。分析了以下特性：对于土壤，渗透阻力、重量水分、颗粒密度，以及对于植物，在胸部高度（在离地130厘米处测量）的周长和直径、树高和树的总体积。引入了一个实验网格，其中有35个样本点，间距为13m x 13m。在每个点分别采集0.00-0.10m和0.10-0.20m深度的两个土壤样本。通过半变差函数调整和克里格图进行了描述性数据分析和空间相关性分析。该种的树木生长特性和土壤重量含水量表现出空间相关性。球形半变异函数模型最好地解释了胸围、胸围直径、树木体积和土壤重量水分的空间结构。强调了树木总体积与乳高直径之间的相关性，显示出适度的空间依赖性。此外，乳高处的树径被证明是确定瘘管分枝杆菌树总高度的良好指标。
{"title":"Spatial variability of dendrometric parameters in a native tree Mabea fistulifera Mart. and its relationship with soil physical properties","authors":"Alessandra Ferreira Cortes, Ana Patrícia Lima Sampaio, Gloria Milena Rojas Plazas, Carlos Matheus Santos da Costa, R. Montanari, J. T. D. Oliveira","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.103161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.103161","url":null,"abstract":"Mabea fistulifera Mart. (common name: canudo-de-pito) belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and is a native tree species in Brazil showing a high potential to recover degraded lands. This study aimed to evaluate the distribution and spatial correlation between the dendrometric parameters of the M. fistulifera plants and the physical attributes of the soil through geostatistics. The study was carried out at the Paulista State University (UNESP), in the city of Selvíria, MS, Brazil, in a typical dystrophic Red Oxisol with a clayey texture. The following properties were analyzed: for soil, penetration resistance, gravimetric moisture, particle density, and, for plants, circumference and diameter at breast height (measured at 130 cm above the ground), tree height, and total volume of the tree. An experiment grid was introduced with 35 sample points spaced 13 m x 13 m. Two soil samples were taken at each point, at 0.00 - 0.10 m and 0.10 - 0.20 m depth. Descriptive data analysis and spatial dependence analysis were carried out through semivariogram adjustments and kriging maps. The dendrometric properties of the species M. fistulifera and the soil gravimetric moisture content showed spatial dependence. The spherical semivariogram model best explained the spatial structure of circumference at breast height, diameter at breast height, tree volume, and soil gravimetric moisture. There was an emphasis on the correlation between the total volume of the tree as a function of the diameter at breast height, showing a moderate spatial dependence. Furthermore, the tree diameter at breast height proved to be a good indicator for determining the total height of the M. fistulifera tree.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45608265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.104911
Sandra Liliana Herrera Celis, J. G. Guerrero Bermúdez, E. Mejía-Ospino, Rafael Cabanzo Hernández
This study proposes a predictive model to determine the concentration of cadmium (Cd) in cocoa beans based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and partial least squares regression (PLSR-1 or PLS-1). The multivariate calibration model was developed using 46 cocoa bean samples, with Cd concentrations up to 1 mg kg-1. The increase of the LIBS signal in the Cd emission lines was evident when the cocoa bean sample was subjected to a solid-liquid-solid transformation (SLST). The range error ratio (RER) was 7.92, which allowed it to be classified as a screening model. Monte Carlo cross-validation was used, with 60% of samples for calibration and the remaining for testing. The standard error of cross-validation (SECV) and standard error of calibration (SEC) were 0.12 mg kg-1 and 0.05 mg kg-1, respectively. The proposed procedure is framed within the alternatives for the chemical analysis of cocoa.
{"title":"A predictive model for the determination of cadmium concentration in cocoa beans using laser-induced plasma spectroscopy","authors":"Sandra Liliana Herrera Celis, J. G. Guerrero Bermúdez, E. Mejía-Ospino, Rafael Cabanzo Hernández","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.104911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.104911","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a predictive model to determine the concentration of cadmium (Cd) in cocoa beans based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and partial least squares regression (PLSR-1 or PLS-1). The multivariate calibration model was developed using 46 cocoa bean samples, with Cd concentrations up to 1 mg kg-1. The increase of the LIBS signal in the Cd emission lines was evident when the cocoa bean sample was subjected to a solid-liquid-solid transformation (SLST). The range error ratio (RER) was 7.92, which allowed it to be classified as a screening model. Monte Carlo cross-validation was used, with 60% of samples for calibration and the remaining for testing. The standard error of cross-validation (SECV) and standard error of calibration (SEC) were 0.12 mg kg-1 and 0.05 mg kg-1, respectively. The proposed procedure is framed within the alternatives for the chemical analysis of cocoa.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44715458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.105851
Juliana Trindade Lima, Antonio Fernando de Souza, H. França
The aim of the study was to evaluate in vitro antioxidant and antifungal activities of the ethanolic extract and its fractions from Ocimum gratissimum leaves. The ethanolic extract was obtained by maceration in ethanol and subsequent fractionation with solvents of increasing polarity (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanol). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined for the ethanol extract and dichloromethane fraction. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) free radical scavenging methods, and by FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power). The in vitro antifungal effect was determined by the agar diffusion method on Aspergillus sp. and Rhizopus sp. fungi associated with corn and bean seeds during storage. The best samples with antifungal effect were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The ethanolic extract had strong antioxidant capacity for all tested methods (DPPH 371.10±2.98 μg ml-1, ABTS 182.43±1.10 μg ml-1, FRAP 262.39±3.61 TEAC). Regarding the antifungal activity, the ethanolic extract and dichloromethane fraction resulted in total suppression (100%) of fungal growth and MIC ranged from 0.625 to 1.25 mg ml-1. In the GC/MS analysis, 22 substances were detected in all samples evaluated, with predominance of eugenol. These results indicated high biological potential of this plant as a biofungicide
{"title":"Ocimum gratissimum L.: A natural alternative against fungi associated with bean and maize seeds during storage","authors":"Juliana Trindade Lima, Antonio Fernando de Souza, H. França","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.105851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.105851","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to evaluate in vitro antioxidant and antifungal activities of the ethanolic extract and its fractions from Ocimum gratissimum leaves. The ethanolic extract was obtained by maceration in ethanol and subsequent fractionation with solvents of increasing polarity (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanol). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined for the ethanol extract and dichloromethane fraction. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) free radical scavenging methods, and by FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power). The in vitro antifungal effect was determined by the agar diffusion method on Aspergillus sp. and Rhizopus sp. fungi associated with corn and bean seeds during storage. The best samples with antifungal effect were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The ethanolic extract had strong antioxidant capacity for all tested methods (DPPH 371.10±2.98 μg ml-1, ABTS 182.43±1.10 μg ml-1, FRAP 262.39±3.61 TEAC). Regarding the antifungal activity, the ethanolic extract and dichloromethane fraction resulted in total suppression (100%) of fungal growth and MIC ranged from 0.625 to 1.25 mg ml-1. In the GC/MS analysis, 22 substances were detected in all samples evaluated, with predominance of eugenol. These results indicated high biological potential of this plant as a biofungicide","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48438065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.105046
O. Komolafe, M. Adewole
This study assessed the quality of selected organic-based fertilizers (OBF) (neem-fortified (NM) and cow dung compost (CD)) and compared them with an inorganic fertilizer (IF) NPK 20-10-10 to determine the growth response and grain composition of maize. The field study was conducted in the early and late cropping seasons of 2015 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The experiment, laid out in a randomized complete block design, consisted of six treatments: 100% NM and 100% CD, each at the rate of 3 and 6 t ha-1, IF at 0.3 t ha-1 (inorganic fertilizer recommendation for local maize production), and zero fertilizer application as control. The highest grain yield of maize (1.87 ± 0.13 t ha-1) was obtained with IF and the lowest one (1.01 ± 0.10 t ha-1) with zero fertilizer application. Maize grain yield from the repeated experiment without treatments applications reduced by about 50 and 75% for OBFs and IF and control plots, respectively. Low crude fiber, 2.62-4.13% obtained using OBFs was a good indicator of maize quality. Organic-based fertilizers demonstrated superior effects on the quality of maize grains when compared to the inorganic fertilizer.
本研究评估了选定的有机基肥料（OBF）（印楝强化肥料（NM）和牛粪堆肥（CD））的质量，并将其与无机肥料（IF）NPK 20-10-10进行了比较，以确定玉米的生长反应和籽粒组成。这项实地研究于2015年早、晚熟季节在尼日利亚伊菲岛奥巴菲米·阿沃洛沃大学的教学和研究农场进行。该实验以随机完全区组设计进行，由六个处理组成：100%NM和100%CD，每个处理的速率分别为3和6 t ha-1，IF为0.3 t ha-1（当地玉米生产的无机肥料建议），零施肥作为对照。IF处理玉米产量最高（1.87±0.13吨/公顷），零施肥处理玉米产量最低（1.01±0.10吨/公顷。OBF、IF和对照地块在不施用处理的情况下重复试验的玉米产量分别降低了约50%和75%。使用OBFs获得的低粗纤维（2.62-4.13%）是玉米品质的良好指标。与无机肥料相比，有机肥料对玉米籽粒质量的影响更大。
{"title":"Effect of different fertilizers on yield and grain composition of maize in the tropical rainforest zone","authors":"O. Komolafe, M. Adewole","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.105046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.105046","url":null,"abstract":"This study assessed the quality of selected organic-based fertilizers (OBF) (neem-fortified (NM) and cow dung compost (CD)) and compared them with an inorganic fertilizer (IF) NPK 20-10-10 to determine the growth response and grain composition of maize. The field study was conducted in the early and late cropping seasons of 2015 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. The experiment, laid out in a randomized complete block design, consisted of six treatments: 100% NM and 100% CD, each at the rate of 3 and 6 t ha-1, IF at 0.3 t ha-1 (inorganic fertilizer recommendation for local maize production), and zero fertilizer application as control. The highest grain yield of maize (1.87 ± 0.13 t ha-1) was obtained with IF and the lowest one (1.01 ± 0.10 t ha-1) with zero fertilizer application. Maize grain yield from the repeated experiment without treatments applications reduced by about 50 and 75% for OBFs and IF and control plots, respectively. Low crude fiber, 2.62-4.13% obtained using OBFs was a good indicator of maize quality. Organic-based fertilizers demonstrated superior effects on the quality of maize grains when compared to the inorganic fertilizer.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46643443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.102963
Breno Augusto Sosa Rodrigues, Diego E. Tobar López, Yuly Samanta García Vivas, Josué Mauricio Flores Cocas, Noé Humberto Paiz Gutiérrez, Elsa Gabriela Zelaya Méndez
The emission of nitrous oxide is considerable in livestock systems, influenced by nitrogen fertilization and edaphoclimatic conditions. The aim of the research was to measure the flux of nitrous oxide (N2O) from the soil under Urochloa brizantha with nitrogen fertilization. In the pastures, a randomized complete block design was established with four replicates and three treatments, consisting of 2 m2 plots with U. brizantha fertilized with urea, bokashi and without fertilizer application. The gas samples were collected over three months between the rainy and dry seasons using the static closed chamber methodology. The samples related to the soil and plants were taken at a depth of 15 cm under undisturbed conditions every month, to quantify: gravimetric moisture, ammonium, nitrate, total carbon, total nitrogen, carbon/nitrogen ratio, and plant dry matter (DM). The ANAVA registered a significant difference between treatments for N2O, with the application of urea promoting higher accumulated flows (0.37 mg N2O m-2 h-1), followed by bokashi (0.34 mg N2O m-2 h-1) and lastly by the control (0.27 mg N2O m-2 h-1). The daily emission of the gas fluctuated in the rainy season, when soil moisture promoted higher emission peaks compared to the dry season. The fractions of nitrogen, carbon and DM were not affected by the treatments. The use of urea and the anaerobic conditions of soil due to the rains generated higher N2O values, while the organic amendment, bokashi, was the best alternative for the greenhouse gas mitigation and soil conservation.
{"title":"Nitrous oxide flux from soil with Urochloa brizantha under nitrogen fertilization in Honduras","authors":"Breno Augusto Sosa Rodrigues, Diego E. Tobar López, Yuly Samanta García Vivas, Josué Mauricio Flores Cocas, Noé Humberto Paiz Gutiérrez, Elsa Gabriela Zelaya Méndez","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.102963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.102963","url":null,"abstract":"The emission of nitrous oxide is considerable in livestock systems, influenced by nitrogen fertilization and edaphoclimatic conditions. The aim of the research was to measure the flux of nitrous oxide (N2O) from the soil under Urochloa brizantha with nitrogen fertilization. In the pastures, a randomized complete block design was established with four replicates and three treatments, consisting of 2 m2 plots with U. brizantha fertilized with urea, bokashi and without fertilizer application. The gas samples were collected over three months between the rainy and dry seasons using the static closed chamber methodology. The samples related to the soil and plants were taken at a depth of 15 cm under undisturbed conditions every month, to quantify: gravimetric moisture, ammonium, nitrate, total carbon, total nitrogen, carbon/nitrogen ratio, and plant dry matter (DM). The ANAVA registered a significant difference between treatments for N2O, with the application of urea promoting higher accumulated flows (0.37 mg N2O m-2 h-1), followed by bokashi (0.34 mg N2O m-2 h-1) and lastly by the control (0.27 mg N2O m-2 h-1). The daily emission of the gas fluctuated in the rainy season, when soil moisture promoted higher emission peaks compared to the dry season. The fractions of nitrogen, carbon and DM were not affected by the treatments. The use of urea and the anaerobic conditions of soil due to the rains generated higher N2O values, while the organic amendment, bokashi, was the best alternative for the greenhouse gas mitigation and soil conservation.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48659846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.105039
Mariam Vásquez-Martínez, P. Lizarazo-Peña, Enrique Darghan, L. Moreno-Fonseca, Stanislav Magnitskiy
The Andean blueberry is a high-Andean wild fruit species consumed in fresh or processed form that has high potential due to its antioxidant capacity. Leaf area describes the photosynthetic capacity of plants and is employed as a variable in multiple physiological studies; however, in Andean blueberry (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz), its direct measurement is costly. The aim of this research was to propose models for estimating the leaf area in young Andean blueberry plants using morphometric variables. In the study, 436 Andean blueberry plants of different ages (10 to 26 months) obtained with different methods of asexual propagation (tissue culture or cuttings) were used. Variables, such as dry weight per organ, leaf area, plant height, number of vegetative shoots and number of leaves, were measured. Simple and multiple regressions were performed and the “weighted least squares” technique was used to meet the regression assumptions. Five models with coefficients of determination (R2) greater than 0.81 were proposed. Two models were of the multiple type and employed the number of leaves together with the dry weight of leaves or the total dry weight as predictor variables. The other models were linear and used total dry weight, dry weight of leaves or number of leaves as explanatory variables of leaf area; the number of leaves was a particularly interesting variable due to its non-destructive nature. The models presented could be a useful tool for estimating leaf area in future studies in Andean blueberry.
{"title":"Leaf area prediction models from growth measurements in Andean blueberry (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) in the nursery","authors":"Mariam Vásquez-Martínez, P. Lizarazo-Peña, Enrique Darghan, L. Moreno-Fonseca, Stanislav Magnitskiy","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.105039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.105039","url":null,"abstract":"The Andean blueberry is a high-Andean wild fruit species consumed in fresh or processed form that has high potential due to its antioxidant capacity. Leaf area describes the photosynthetic capacity of plants and is employed as a variable in multiple physiological studies; however, in Andean blueberry (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz), its direct measurement is costly. The aim of this research was to propose models for estimating the leaf area in young Andean blueberry plants using morphometric variables. In the study, 436 Andean blueberry plants of different ages (10 to 26 months) obtained with different methods of asexual propagation (tissue culture or cuttings) were used. Variables, such as dry weight per organ, leaf area, plant height, number of vegetative shoots and number of leaves, were measured. Simple and multiple regressions were performed and the “weighted least squares” technique was used to meet the regression assumptions. Five models with coefficients of determination (R2) greater than 0.81 were proposed. Two models were of the multiple type and employed the number of leaves together with the dry weight of leaves or the total dry weight as predictor variables. The other models were linear and used total dry weight, dry weight of leaves or number of leaves as explanatory variables of leaf area; the number of leaves was a particularly interesting variable due to its non-destructive nature. The models presented could be a useful tool for estimating leaf area in future studies in Andean blueberry.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48965261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.103082
Sofía Marcela González-Bonilla, M. Marín-Arroyo
Lulo or naranjilla (Solanum quitoense Lam.) is a tropical fruit with great potential for its contents of antioxidant and biofunctional compounds and sensory characteristics. Nowadays, the different methodologies to classify the ripening stage of lulo fruits are prone to bias and can hinder adequate characterization of the fruit maturity stage as they do not use measurements. The aim of this research was to define an accurate method for classifying lulo fruits by ripening stage based on non-destructive parameters and to determine their main characteristics according to the ripening stage. Hierarchical cluster analysis was carried out to classify fruits according to their maturity index (MI) into two (MI2) and three (MI3) homogeneous groups of individuals. Using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), with the non-destructive parameters showing significant differences between groups, classification functions by ripening stage were established. The PLS-DA correctly classified 89.47% of the fruits in the MI2 classification and 78.95% in the MI3 classification. The predictive power of the models was tested with fruits other than those used to establish the prediction equations, obtaining a correct classification in 75% of the cases. It is possible to classify lulo fruits objectively with a limited number of non-destructive parameters that constitutes a useful tool from harvesting to consumption.
{"title":"Characterization and classification of lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) fruits by ripening stage using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA)","authors":"Sofía Marcela González-Bonilla, M. Marín-Arroyo","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.103082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.103082","url":null,"abstract":"Lulo or naranjilla (Solanum quitoense Lam.) is a tropical fruit with great potential for its contents of antioxidant and biofunctional compounds and sensory characteristics. Nowadays, the different methodologies to classify the ripening stage of lulo fruits are prone to bias and can hinder adequate characterization of the fruit maturity stage as they do not use measurements. The aim of this research was to define an accurate method for classifying lulo fruits by ripening stage based on non-destructive parameters and to determine their main characteristics according to the ripening stage. Hierarchical cluster analysis was carried out to classify fruits according to their maturity index (MI) into two (MI2) and three (MI3) homogeneous groups of individuals. Using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), with the non-destructive parameters showing significant differences between groups, classification functions by ripening stage were established. The PLS-DA correctly classified 89.47% of the fruits in the MI2 classification and 78.95% in the MI3 classification. The predictive power of the models was tested with fruits other than those used to establish the prediction equations, obtaining a correct classification in 75% of the cases. It is possible to classify lulo fruits objectively with a limited number of non-destructive parameters that constitutes a useful tool from harvesting to consumption.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43129696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.103518
Alexis Josué Vallecillo Godoy, Sanín Ortiz Grisales, Franco Alirio Vallejo Cabrera, Myrian Del Carmen Salazar Villareal, Dilmer Gabriel Guerra Guzmán, Fredy Antonio Salazar Villareal
The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of the agronomic performance of five chonto tomato lines of determinate growth in Valle del Cauca, Colombia, with plants of indeterminate growth Unapal Maravilla as control. In the field, a randomized complete block design was used for four evaluations, with four replicates and five plants as an experimental unit, respectively. The final plant height for all the lines, except Unapal Maravilla, was evaluated between 90 and 100 d with no statistical differences (P<0.05) between treatments. The lines of determinate growth expressed no differences (P<0.05) with Unapal Maravilla for the number of clusters per plant and the number of fruits per cluster. At the same time, they surpassed Unapal Maravilla in fruit weight at 117 g/fruit (lines JV9, JV7, and JV12), and final yield was greater than 4 kg/plant. The lines of determinate growth at physiological maturity were similar to Unapal Maravilla in the uniform final color of fruits (cherry red), fruit shape round in equatorial diameter and slightly elongated in polar diameter, and number of locules (bicavitary); they expressed inferiority for total fruit solids between 3.5 and 3.6° Brix vs. 4.32° Brix to the control (P<0.05). The final height for the lines of determinate growth ranged between 97.7 and 109.0 cm, respectively, while the Unapal Maravilla plants had more than 200 cm in height.
{"title":"Agronomic evaluation of chonto tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) lines of determinate growth","authors":"Alexis Josué Vallecillo Godoy, Sanín Ortiz Grisales, Franco Alirio Vallejo Cabrera, Myrian Del Carmen Salazar Villareal, Dilmer Gabriel Guerra Guzmán, Fredy Antonio Salazar Villareal","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.103518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.103518","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of the agronomic performance of five chonto tomato lines of determinate growth in Valle del Cauca, Colombia, with plants of indeterminate growth Unapal Maravilla as control. In the field, a randomized complete block design was used for four evaluations, with four replicates and five plants as an experimental unit, respectively. The final plant height for all the lines, except Unapal Maravilla, was evaluated between 90 and 100 d with no statistical differences (P<0.05) between treatments. The lines of determinate growth expressed no differences (P<0.05) with Unapal Maravilla for the number of clusters per plant and the number of fruits per cluster. At the same time, they surpassed Unapal Maravilla in fruit weight at 117 g/fruit (lines JV9, JV7, and JV12), and final yield was greater than 4 kg/plant. The lines of determinate growth at physiological maturity were similar to Unapal Maravilla in the uniform final color of fruits (cherry red), fruit shape round in equatorial diameter and slightly elongated in polar diameter, and number of locules (bicavitary); they expressed inferiority for total fruit solids between 3.5 and 3.6° Brix vs. 4.32° Brix to the control (P<0.05). The final height for the lines of determinate growth ranged between 97.7 and 109.0 cm, respectively, while the Unapal Maravilla plants had more than 200 cm in height.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41497755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.103562
Phyla nodiflora var. minor (syn. P. canescens (Kunth) Greene) known as “lippia” is an invasive weed with considerable impact on agricultural systems and conservation areas in Australia. The rust fungus Puccinia lantanae Farl. has been proposed as a potential biocontrol agent of Lantana camara. As it was previously found in Lippia s.l. in Argentina, we aim to study: (i) its geographical distribution in Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile; (ii) teliospore germination and basidiospore formation under different incubation temperatures; (iii) the effect of teliospore age on germination capacity; (iv) the effect of heat shock on teliospore germination and basidiospore formation; and (v) the pathogenicity of the rust fungus on P. nodiflora. Field surveys were conducted in Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile. In vitro experimental assays of germination and pathogenicity were performed. The rust was found in four provinces of Argentina (Jujuy, Salta, Formosa, and Entre Rios) and was not found in Bolivia and Chile. Puccinia lantanae showed the maximum values of teliospore germination and basidiospore formation at 20°C. The effect of aging and heat shock treatments significantly reduced teliospore germination. Pathogenicity tests showed that P. nodiflora var. minor, reptans, and nodiflora were infected with the “Formosa” isolate. The isolates “Salta” and “Entre Rios” infected var. minor and reptans, being potential candidates for biocontrol.
{"title":"Biological studies of Puccinia lantanae, a potential biocontrol agent of “Lippia” (Phyla nodiflora var. minor)","authors":"","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.103562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.103562","url":null,"abstract":"Phyla nodiflora var. minor (syn. P. canescens (Kunth) Greene) known as “lippia” is an invasive weed with considerable impact on agricultural systems and conservation areas in Australia. The rust fungus Puccinia lantanae Farl. has been proposed as a potential biocontrol agent of Lantana camara. As it was previously found in Lippia s.l. in Argentina, we aim to study: (i) its geographical distribution in Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile; (ii) teliospore germination and basidiospore formation under different incubation temperatures; (iii) the effect of teliospore age on germination capacity; (iv) the effect of heat shock on teliospore germination and basidiospore formation; and (v) the pathogenicity of the rust fungus on P. nodiflora. Field surveys were conducted in Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile. In vitro experimental assays of germination and pathogenicity were performed. The rust was found in four provinces of Argentina (Jujuy, Salta, Formosa, and Entre Rios) and was not found in Bolivia and Chile. Puccinia lantanae showed the maximum values of teliospore germination and basidiospore formation at 20°C. The effect of aging and heat shock treatments significantly reduced teliospore germination. Pathogenicity tests showed that P. nodiflora var. minor, reptans, and nodiflora were infected with the “Formosa” isolate. The isolates “Salta” and “Entre Rios” infected var. minor and reptans, being potential candidates for biocontrol.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47275507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.103234
Ana María Martínez Acosta, Daniel Gerardo Cayón-Salinas, Aquiles Enrique Darghan-Contreras
In the banana crop, leaf area is a fundamental trait for production; however, monitoring this variable during a cycle is difficult due to the structural characteristics of the plant, and a method for its determination is necessary. Therefore, the objective of this research was to propose a model for estimating total leaf area by measuring the cross-sectional area of the pseudostem to identify when meristematic differentiation occurs. In plants between F10 and flowering, functional leaves were measured for length, width, and dry mass. Cross-sectional area was calculated every 10 cm from the base to 70 cm, at ⅓, ½ of the plant height and up to the last pair of leaves. From the principal components, the cross-sectional measurement at 50 cm was selected, obtaining a nonlinear model for indirect estimation of leaf area. Subsequently, Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis was used with the parameters associated with the number of leaves emitted and the estimated leaf area to obtain the cutoff point as the centroid of the extracted components. As an indicator for the approximate identification of the moment of meristem differentiation, the emission of leaf 12 was generated, which determines the phenological stage (vegetative-reproductive) of the plant. The results describe tools to follow up the growth in the productive units to facilitate crop monitoring, allowing the generation of differential production approaches.
{"title":"Discriminant analysis for estimating meristematic differentiation point based on morphometric indicators in banana (Musa AAA)","authors":"Ana María Martínez Acosta, Daniel Gerardo Cayón-Salinas, Aquiles Enrique Darghan-Contreras","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.103234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n3.103234","url":null,"abstract":"In the banana crop, leaf area is a fundamental trait for production; however, monitoring this variable during a cycle is difficult due to the structural characteristics of the plant, and a method for its determination is necessary. Therefore, the objective of this research was to propose a model for estimating total leaf area by measuring the cross-sectional area of the pseudostem to identify when meristematic differentiation occurs. In plants between F10 and flowering, functional leaves were measured for length, width, and dry mass. Cross-sectional area was calculated every 10 cm from the base to 70 cm, at ⅓, ½ of the plant height and up to the last pair of leaves. From the principal components, the cross-sectional measurement at 50 cm was selected, obtaining a nonlinear model for indirect estimation of leaf area. Subsequently, Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis was used with the parameters associated with the number of leaves emitted and the estimated leaf area to obtain the cutoff point as the centroid of the extracted components. As an indicator for the approximate identification of the moment of meristem differentiation, the emission of leaf 12 was generated, which determines the phenological stage (vegetative-reproductive) of the plant. The results describe tools to follow up the growth in the productive units to facilitate crop monitoring, allowing the generation of differential production approaches.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67708204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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