Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n2.108664
Gabriel Fornaciari, Rodrigo Amaro de Salles, Evandro Chaves de Oliveira, Mylena da Silva Gomes, Edinei José Armani Borghi, Marta Cristina Teixeira Leite, Ramon Amaro de Sales, Robson Prucoli Posse
The estimation of the reference evapotranspiration is fundamental in defining irrigation projects. However, an estimation using the standard equation requires climate variables that are difficult to measure and are not very accessible. Thus, the objective of this study was to calibrate and validate alternative methods to estimate evapotranspiration that use simple variables and to compare performance with the standard Penman-Monteith method for the municipality of Nova Venécia, Espírito Santo, Brazil. For this, a 12-year time series (2008-2019) of meteorological data from the Instituto Nacional de Meteorología was used. The standard FAO-56 Penman–Monteith method was used to evaluate alternative methods: Hargreaves and Samani, Benevides and Lopes, Linacre, Hamon and Camargo. Method performance was analyzed by correlation coefficient, Willmott index, root mean square of normalized error, and performance index. Calibration improved the statistical indices, increasing the performance of the Hargreaves and Samani, Benevides and Lopes, and Linacre methods to “very good” in the rainy season and to “intermediate” in the dry season. They were superior to the Hamon and Camargo methods, which continued to show “tolerable” to “very poor” performance in both periods.
参考蒸散量的估算是确定灌溉项目的基础。然而，使用标准方程进行估算需要的气候变量难以测量，而且不太容易获得。因此，本研究的目的是校准和验证使用简单变量估计蒸散量的替代方法，并将其与巴西圣托Espírito Nova venacacia市的标准Penman-Monteith方法的性能进行比较。为此，使用了来自Meteorología国家研究所的12年时间序列(2008-2019)气象数据。采用标准的FAO-56 Penman-Monteith方法评价替代方法:Hargreaves和Samani、Benevides和Lopes、Linacre、Hamon和Camargo。通过相关系数、Willmott指数、归一化误差均方根和性能指标分析方法的性能。校正改善了统计指标，将Hargreaves和Samani、Benevides和Lopes以及Linacre方法的性能在雨季提高到“非常好”，在旱季提高到“中等”。它们优于Hamon和Camargo方法，这两种方法在两个时期的表现都是“尚可”到“非常差”。
{"title":"Calibration of alternative equations to estimate the reference evapotranspiration in Nova Venécia, Espírito Santo, Brazil","authors":"Gabriel Fornaciari, Rodrigo Amaro de Salles, Evandro Chaves de Oliveira, Mylena da Silva Gomes, Edinei José Armani Borghi, Marta Cristina Teixeira Leite, Ramon Amaro de Sales, Robson Prucoli Posse","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n2.108664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n2.108664","url":null,"abstract":"The estimation of the reference evapotranspiration is fundamental in defining irrigation projects. However, an estimation using the standard equation requires climate variables that are difficult to measure and are not very accessible. Thus, the objective of this study was to calibrate and validate alternative methods to estimate evapotranspiration that use simple variables and to compare performance with the standard Penman-Monteith method for the municipality of Nova Venécia, Espírito Santo, Brazil. For this, a 12-year time series (2008-2019) of meteorological data from the Instituto Nacional de Meteorología was used. The standard FAO-56 Penman–Monteith method was used to evaluate alternative methods: Hargreaves and Samani, Benevides and Lopes, Linacre, Hamon and Camargo. Method performance was analyzed by correlation coefficient, Willmott index, root mean square of normalized error, and performance index. Calibration improved the statistical indices, increasing the performance of the Hargreaves and Samani, Benevides and Lopes, and Linacre methods to “very good” in the rainy season and to “intermediate” in the dry season. They were superior to the Hamon and Camargo methods, which continued to show “tolerable” to “very poor” performance in both periods.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135992236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The adverse edaphoclimatic conditions in the Orinoquía region affect the soybean crop cycle, deteriorating seed quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the genotype (G), the environment (E), and their interaction (GxE) on the yield and seed quality of six soybean varieties (Corpoica Superior 6, Orinoquía 3, Soyica P34, Corpoica Taluma 5, and Agrosavia Primavera 11 of Colombian origin and Barreira of Brazilian origin) in five environments of the Orinoquía Colombia region, two in the second half of 2020 (LIBB: La Libertad and TALB: Taluma) and three in the first half of 2021 (LIBA: La Libertad, TALA: Taluma, and LEONAS), to determine their adaptation domain. Highly significant differences (P<0.01) were observed between G, E, and GxE for germination (GER) and seed yield (SY). A similar situation was shown by the vigor index (VI), although without differences between environments. The GGE biplot for GER, and SY separated environments by year halves. Taluma during the first half was the most discriminating environment for the response variables, useful for genetic breeding programs with a seed quality approach. Only in La Libertad during the second half was GER above 80%. The most stable variety per environment was Soyica P34 in two response variables, and the best with specific adaptation were Corpoica Superior 6 and Orinoquía 3. These last two reached higher average values in GER (69.6%; 63.1%), VI (13.3; 13.4), and SY (1473 kg ha-1; 1404 kg ha-1).
Orinoquía地区不利的气候条件影响大豆作物周期，使种子品质恶化。本研究的目的是研究基因型的影响(G),环境(E),以及它们之间的交互(GxE)六个大豆品种的产量和种子品质(Orinoquia 3 Corpoica优越6日,Soyica意思是,Corpoica Taluma 5和Agrosavia白桃花心木11哥伦比亚巴西血统的起源和Barreira)五Orinoquia哥伦比亚地区的环境,两个在2020年下半年(LIBB:拉利伯塔德省和TALB: Taluma)和三个在2021年上半年(仙女镇李坝社区:La Libertad, TALA: Taluma和LEONAS)，以确定它们的适应域。G、E和GxE在发芽率(GER)和种子产量(SY)上存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。活力指数(VI)也显示了类似的情况，但在不同环境之间没有差异。GER和SY的GGE双标图按年份半分隔环境。上半年的Taluma是对响应变量最具区别性的环境，对采用种子质量方法的遗传育种项目很有用。只有拉利伯塔德在下半年的GER高于80%。在两个响应变量中，各环境下最稳定的品种是大豆P34，特异适应性最好的品种是Corpoica Superior 6和Orinoquía 3。后两者在GER中的平均值较高(69.6%;63.1%)， vi (13.3;13.4)， SY (1473 kg ha-1;1404 kg ha-1)。
{"title":"Effect of genotype-environment interaction on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) germination, vigor index, and seed yield","authors":"Rubén-Alfredo Valencia-Ramírez, Yuli Stephani Tibocha-Ardila","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n2.108748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n2.108748","url":null,"abstract":"The adverse edaphoclimatic conditions in the Orinoquía region affect the soybean crop cycle, deteriorating seed quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the genotype (G), the environment (E), and their interaction (GxE) on the yield and seed quality of six soybean varieties (Corpoica Superior 6, Orinoquía 3, Soyica P34, Corpoica Taluma 5, and Agrosavia Primavera 11 of Colombian origin and Barreira of Brazilian origin) in five environments of the Orinoquía Colombia region, two in the second half of 2020 (LIBB: La Libertad and TALB: Taluma) and three in the first half of 2021 (LIBA: La Libertad, TALA: Taluma, and LEONAS), to determine their adaptation domain. Highly significant differences (P<0.01) were observed between G, E, and GxE for germination (GER) and seed yield (SY). A similar situation was shown by the vigor index (VI), although without differences between environments. The GGE biplot for GER, and SY separated environments by year halves. Taluma during the first half was the most discriminating environment for the response variables, useful for genetic breeding programs with a seed quality approach. Only in La Libertad during the second half was GER above 80%. The most stable variety per environment was Soyica P34 in two response variables, and the best with specific adaptation were Corpoica Superior 6 and Orinoquía 3. These last two reached higher average values in GER (69.6%; 63.1%), VI (13.3; 13.4), and SY (1473 kg ha-1; 1404 kg ha-1).","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135992235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n2.108640
Manuel De Luna, María Jordán Hernández
The sheep ked Melophagus ovinus (Diptera: Hippoboscidae: Lipopteninae), an ectoparasite of the domestic sheep Ovis aries (Artiodactyla: Bovidae: Caprinae), was recorded for the first time in Nuevo Leon, Mexico. This dipteran has a cosmopolitan distribution, likely found wherever its preferred host is present. Records of this parasite in Mexico are scarce and dispersed throughout the literature.
{"title":"First record of Melophagus ovinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Hippoboscidae) for Nuevo Leon, Mexico","authors":"Manuel De Luna, María Jordán Hernández","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n2.108640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n2.108640","url":null,"abstract":"The sheep ked Melophagus ovinus (Diptera: Hippoboscidae: Lipopteninae), an ectoparasite of the domestic sheep Ovis aries (Artiodactyla: Bovidae: Caprinae), was recorded for the first time in Nuevo Leon, Mexico. This dipteran has a cosmopolitan distribution, likely found wherever its preferred host is present. Records of this parasite in Mexico are scarce and dispersed throughout the literature.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135992237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n2.108351
Gerhard Fischer, Fanor Casierra-Posada, Michael Blanke
Incidents of flooding in tropical and subtropical fruit trees have increased as a result of climate change. Because of flooding, the anaerobic conditions of the rhizosphere increase the conditions for phytotoxicity and infection by pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Due to oxygen depletion in waterlogged soils, growth, functions of the roots and of the entire plant are impaired. The decrease in the photosynthetic rate is considerable because of the reduced functional leaf area because of chlorosis, necrosis, leaf drop and stomatal closure, as well as chlorophyll degradation. Plants have developed different morphological, physiological, and biochemical adaptations to survive hypoxic stress. Some fruit trees form an aerenchyma in roots for the diffusion of oxygen from the aerial parts. Induced aerenchyma-containing adventitious roots, rapidly elongate stems into deeply flooded soils; or they form hypertrophied lenticels, like some mango varieties. Measures for better adaptations and tolerance of tropical fruit trees to climatic impact include the following: adaptations of the cultivated terrain, selection of varieties, rootstocks more tolerant to hypoxic stress, pruning to reestablish the balance of the aerial part/roots, and foliar applications (e.g., of glycine betaine or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)). Mycorrhizal colonization of roots can increase tolerance to waterlogging, while the application of fertilizers, such as CaO or MgO, can improve the redox potential of flooded soils. We present results of studies on this problem for the following fruits: yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) and purple passion fruit (P. edulis f. edulis), cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana), lulo or naranjilla (Solanum quitoense), tree tomato (Solanum betaceum), citrus (Citrus spp.), guava (Psidium guajava), papaya (Carica papaya), and mango (Mangifera indica).
由于气候变化，热带和亚热带果树的洪水事件有所增加。由于洪水，根际的厌氧条件增加了植物毒性和病原真菌和细菌感染的条件。由于淹水土壤缺氧，生长、根系和整个植物的功能受到损害。由于黄化、坏死、落叶和气孔关闭以及叶绿素降解导致的功能叶面积减少，导致光合速率的下降相当大。植物已经发展出不同的形态、生理和生化适应来生存低氧胁迫。有些果树在根中形成通气组织，以便从地上部分扩散氧气。诱导含通气组织的不定根，迅速伸长茎入深淹土壤;或者它们形成肥大的皮孔，就像一些芒果品种一样。提高热带果树对气候影响的适应性和耐受性的措施包括:栽培地形的适应性，品种的选择，对低氧胁迫更具耐受性的砧木，修剪以重建地上部分/根的平衡，以及叶面施用(例如，甜菜碱或过氧化氢)。根的菌根定植可以增加对涝渍的耐受性，而施用化肥，如CaO或MgO，可以提高淹水土壤的氧化还原电位。我们介绍了以下水果在这一问题上的研究结果:黄色的百香果(Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa)和紫色的百香果(P. edulis f. edulis)，醋栗(Physalis peruviana)，柚子(Solanum quitoense)，树番茄(Solanum betaceum)，柑橘(citrus spp.)，番石榴(Psidium guajava)，木瓜(Carica papaya)和芒果(Mangifera indica)。
{"title":"Impact of waterlogging on fruit crops in the era of climate change, with emphasis on tropical and subtropical species: A review","authors":"Gerhard Fischer, Fanor Casierra-Posada, Michael Blanke","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n2.108351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n2.108351","url":null,"abstract":"Incidents of flooding in tropical and subtropical fruit trees have increased as a result of climate change. Because of flooding, the anaerobic conditions of the rhizosphere increase the conditions for phytotoxicity and infection by pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Due to oxygen depletion in waterlogged soils, growth, functions of the roots and of the entire plant are impaired. The decrease in the photosynthetic rate is considerable because of the reduced functional leaf area because of chlorosis, necrosis, leaf drop and stomatal closure, as well as chlorophyll degradation. Plants have developed different morphological, physiological, and biochemical adaptations to survive hypoxic stress. Some fruit trees form an aerenchyma in roots for the diffusion of oxygen from the aerial parts. Induced aerenchyma-containing adventitious roots, rapidly elongate stems into deeply flooded soils; or they form hypertrophied lenticels, like some mango varieties. Measures for better adaptations and tolerance of tropical fruit trees to climatic impact include the following: adaptations of the cultivated terrain, selection of varieties, rootstocks more tolerant to hypoxic stress, pruning to reestablish the balance of the aerial part/roots, and foliar applications (e.g., of glycine betaine or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)). Mycorrhizal colonization of roots can increase tolerance to waterlogging, while the application of fertilizers, such as CaO or MgO, can improve the redox potential of flooded soils. We present results of studies on this problem for the following fruits: yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) and purple passion fruit (P. edulis f. edulis), cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana), lulo or naranjilla (Solanum quitoense), tree tomato (Solanum betaceum), citrus (Citrus spp.), guava (Psidium guajava), papaya (Carica papaya), and mango (Mangifera indica).","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136240816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-25DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n2.107376
Thais Lemos Turek, Marcos Cardoso Martins Júnior, Luís Sangoi, Rodrigo Kandler, Vander De Liz Oliveira, Hugo François Kuneski, Antônio Eduardo Coelho, Laura Alievi Tirelli, José Fernando Márquez
Breeding programs have increased the precocity and yield potential of modern soybean cultivars. Such changes may have altered the crop tolerance to defoliation due to the smaller leaf area of modern cultivars. The objective of this study was to determine the tolerance to defoliation of soybean cultivars commercialized in Brazil in different decades, their photosynthetic efficiency and the relationship between photosynthetic efficiency and tolerance to defoliation in the reproductive phase. The experiment was set in a greenhouse with controlled humidity and temperature, in the municipality of Lages, Santa Catarina State, South of Brazil, during the growing season of 2018/2019. A randomized block design was used, with treatments arranged in a 5×5 factorial scheme. The first factor was composed of five soybean cultivars released in different years: Davis (1968), Paraná (1974), BR-16 (1985), FT Abyara (1991), and Brasmax Elite IPRO (2014). The second factor consisted of five levels of defoliation applied in stage R3: 0, 16.6, 33.3, 50.0, and 66.6%. Leaf area, photosynthetic activity parameters, grain yield and its components were determined. Brasmax Elite IPRO had the lowest grain yield per plant and did not increase yield compared to older cultivars, regardless of defoliation level. There were no significant differences in photosynthetic efficiency or defoliation tolerance between the modern cultivar Brasmax Elite IPRO and the old cultivars Davis, Paraná, BR-16, and FT Abyara.
{"title":"Defoliation tolerance of soybean cultivars commercially released in different decades","authors":"Thais Lemos Turek, Marcos Cardoso Martins Júnior, Luís Sangoi, Rodrigo Kandler, Vander De Liz Oliveira, Hugo François Kuneski, Antônio Eduardo Coelho, Laura Alievi Tirelli, José Fernando Márquez","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n2.107376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n2.107376","url":null,"abstract":"Breeding programs have increased the precocity and yield potential of modern soybean cultivars. Such changes may have altered the crop tolerance to defoliation due to the smaller leaf area of modern cultivars. The objective of this study was to determine the tolerance to defoliation of soybean cultivars commercialized in Brazil in different decades, their photosynthetic efficiency and the relationship between photosynthetic efficiency and tolerance to defoliation in the reproductive phase. The experiment was set in a greenhouse with controlled humidity and temperature, in the municipality of Lages, Santa Catarina State, South of Brazil, during the growing season of 2018/2019. A randomized block design was used, with treatments arranged in a 5×5 factorial scheme. The first factor was composed of five soybean cultivars released in different years: Davis (1968), Paraná (1974), BR-16 (1985), FT Abyara (1991), and Brasmax Elite IPRO (2014). The second factor consisted of five levels of defoliation applied in stage R3: 0, 16.6, 33.3, 50.0, and 66.6%. Leaf area, photosynthetic activity parameters, grain yield and its components were determined. Brasmax Elite IPRO had the lowest grain yield per plant and did not increase yield compared to older cultivars, regardless of defoliation level. There were no significant differences in photosynthetic efficiency or defoliation tolerance between the modern cultivar Brasmax Elite IPRO and the old cultivars Davis, Paraná, BR-16, and FT Abyara.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134931842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n2.106390
Mostafa Koozehgar Kaleji, Mohammad Reza Ardakani, Sheida Khoshniat
Eryngium caeruleum is a perennial native plant that grows under diverse climatic conditions of Iran. This study aimed to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal and Azotobacter inoculation on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of E. caeruleum at various planting densities. Factors included three levels of plant density (10×30 cm, 20×30 cm, and 30×30 cm), two levels of seed inoculation with Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) fungi (inoculation with Glomus mosseae and without inoculation), and two levels of seed inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum (with and without inoculation). The application of VAM fungi and A. chrooroccum significantly affected the measured traits. The interaction effect of plant density×mycorrhizal application and plant density×Azotobacter application on dry leaf weight was significant at a 1% level. The total leaf dry weight for the VAM treatments at a 30×30 cm plant density was 2.93 g. Also, the application of mycorrhizal fungus increased the essential oil percentage, the essential oil yield, and phosphorus concentration in the aerial organs by 132.68%, 100%, and 137.5%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. The simultaneous application of A. chroococcum and VAM improved the quantity and quality of the yield components of E. caeruleum by increasing the availability of mineral nutrients
{"title":"Inoculation with mycorrhiza and Azotobacter chroococcum affects the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Eryngium caeruleum at different planting densities","authors":"Mostafa Koozehgar Kaleji, Mohammad Reza Ardakani, Sheida Khoshniat","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n2.106390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n2.106390","url":null,"abstract":"Eryngium caeruleum is a perennial native plant that grows under diverse climatic conditions of Iran. This study aimed to investigate the effect of mycorrhizal and Azotobacter inoculation on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of E. caeruleum at various planting densities. Factors included three levels of plant density (10×30 cm, 20×30 cm, and 30×30 cm), two levels of seed inoculation with Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) fungi (inoculation with Glomus mosseae and without inoculation), and two levels of seed inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum (with and without inoculation). The application of VAM fungi and A. chrooroccum significantly affected the measured traits. The interaction effect of plant density×mycorrhizal application and plant density×Azotobacter application on dry leaf weight was significant at a 1% level. The total leaf dry weight for the VAM treatments at a 30×30 cm plant density was 2.93 g. Also, the application of mycorrhizal fungus increased the essential oil percentage, the essential oil yield, and phosphorus concentration in the aerial organs by 132.68%, 100%, and 137.5%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. The simultaneous application of A. chroococcum and VAM improved the quantity and quality of the yield components of E. caeruleum by increasing the availability of mineral nutrients","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135308267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-14DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n2.107281
Diana María Sánchez Olaya, Manuel Francisco Romero Ospina, Wilson Sandoval Rodríguez, Karen Tatiana Rivera Ramírez, Eliana Liseth Suaza García
Crop associations are widely recognized as a highly beneficial strategy for agriculture. By combining different crops, optimal production is achieved while minimizing the spread of pests and diseases. This practice offers numerous benefits by allowing maximum utilization of space and mutual adaptation of associated species. It is important to emphasize that crop association is oriented towards the mutual advantage of the species involved, thus guaranteeing favorable results for each of them. In this sense, the behavior of maize growth rates was evaluated in a completely randomized block design with four treatments: maize monoculture; maize and peanut association; maize and cassava association; and maize, peanut, and cassava association. The following variables were evaluated: net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area index (LAI), relative growth rate (RGR), leaf area ratio (LAR), absolute growth rate (AGR), and leaf area duration (LAD). The association of maize and cassava obtained the highest values NAR (0.002 g cm-2 d-1) and RGR (0.15 g g-1 d-1) compared to the monoculture (0.001 g cm-2 d-1 and 0.08 g g-1 d-1). This happened because maize presented higher leaf production during the vegetative growth stage indicating the physiological efficiency of maize when associated with cassava.
作物协会被广泛认为是一种非常有益的农业战略。通过不同作物的组合，在最大限度地减少病虫害传播的同时实现了最佳产量。这种做法通过最大限度地利用空间和相关物种的相互适应提供了许多好处。必须强调的是，作物关联是面向相关物种的相互优势，从而保证每个物种的有利结果。在这个意义上，玉米生长速率的行为在一个完全随机区组设计中进行了评估:玉米单一栽培;玉米与花生协会;玉米和木薯协会;玉米，花生和木薯的关联。评估净同化率(NAR)、叶面积指数(LAI)、相对生长率(RGR)、叶面积比(LAR)、绝对生长率(AGR)和叶面积持续时间(LAD)。玉米和木薯组合的NAR (0.002 g cm-2 d-1)和RGR (0.15 g g-1 d-1)均高于单作(0.001 g cm-2 d-1和0.08 g g-1 d-1)。这是因为玉米在营养生长阶段叶片产量较高，表明玉米与木薯配种的生理效率较高。
{"title":"Evaluation of the growth of maize in monoculture and when associated with peanuts and cassava in the Colombian Amazon","authors":"Diana María Sánchez Olaya, Manuel Francisco Romero Ospina, Wilson Sandoval Rodríguez, Karen Tatiana Rivera Ramírez, Eliana Liseth Suaza García","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n2.107281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n2.107281","url":null,"abstract":"Crop associations are widely recognized as a highly beneficial strategy for agriculture. By combining different crops, optimal production is achieved while minimizing the spread of pests and diseases. This practice offers numerous benefits by allowing maximum utilization of space and mutual adaptation of associated species. It is important to emphasize that crop association is oriented towards the mutual advantage of the species involved, thus guaranteeing favorable results for each of them. In this sense, the behavior of maize growth rates was evaluated in a completely randomized block design with four treatments: maize monoculture; maize and peanut association; maize and cassava association; and maize, peanut, and cassava association. The following variables were evaluated: net assimilation rate (NAR), leaf area index (LAI), relative growth rate (RGR), leaf area ratio (LAR), absolute growth rate (AGR), and leaf area duration (LAD). The association of maize and cassava obtained the highest values NAR (0.002 g cm-2 d-1) and RGR (0.15 g g-1 d-1) compared to the monoculture (0.001 g cm-2 d-1 and 0.08 g g-1 d-1). This happened because maize presented higher leaf production during the vegetative growth stage indicating the physiological efficiency of maize when associated with cassava.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135308268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-14DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n2.107763
Carlos Armando Rivera Moreno, Aquiles Enrique Darghan Contreras
The development of online tools has provided solutions to different activities, including academia. The Agronomy program at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia has updated its competency-based teaching approaches by encouraging the development and application of computational tools for analysis, modeling, and interpretation of data. A registration and follow-up system was chosen to automate tasks in the course “Cycle 2: Execution of production project” developed at the university farm (Marengo Agricultural Center), where technical, financial, and administrative variables inherent to the selected crop must be managed with monitoring and support by teachers and monitors. The aim of this research was to develop a web application for the academic-administrative management of certain components. This was mainly developed with Python and a PostgreSQL database. As an open resource, the app was hosted on GitHub and, for user access, it was hosted on PythonAnywhere. The Alpha version was validated by several students and academic staff involved in the course. The development of a web application consisting of three administrative modules was achieved and included an inventory management of supplies, machinery, and available tools; the allocation and management of the schedule of activities and list of requests, and the tracking of resource use through project costs. The web application is simple to execute, and its use will adjust the relevant processes of the productive projects of Cycle 2.
{"title":"Development of a web application for the resource management in the course “Cycle 2: Execution of production project” at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá","authors":"Carlos Armando Rivera Moreno, Aquiles Enrique Darghan Contreras","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n2.107763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n2.107763","url":null,"abstract":"The development of online tools has provided solutions to different activities, including academia. The Agronomy program at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia has updated its competency-based teaching approaches by encouraging the development and application of computational tools for analysis, modeling, and interpretation of data. A registration and follow-up system was chosen to automate tasks in the course “Cycle 2: Execution of production project” developed at the university farm (Marengo Agricultural Center), where technical, financial, and administrative variables inherent to the selected crop must be managed with monitoring and support by teachers and monitors. The aim of this research was to develop a web application for the academic-administrative management of certain components. This was mainly developed with Python and a PostgreSQL database. As an open resource, the app was hosted on GitHub and, for user access, it was hosted on PythonAnywhere. The Alpha version was validated by several students and academic staff involved in the course. The development of a web application consisting of three administrative modules was achieved and included an inventory management of supplies, machinery, and available tools; the allocation and management of the schedule of activities and list of requests, and the tracking of resource use through project costs. The web application is simple to execute, and its use will adjust the relevant processes of the productive projects of Cycle 2.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":"294 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136016670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.104450
Juan Pablo Bernal Moreno, Nohra Rodríguez
Yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) is a fruit of high economic potential in Colombia, but the prevalence of some diseases often makes growers stop cultivating it. Also, varieties´ tolerance against some pathogens that have high prevalence in Colombia have not been released. The objective of this study was to contribute to the characterization of 63 populations of yellow passion fruit, including 46 cultivars and 17 landraces. The plants were evaluated using morphoagronomic descriptors (leaves, flowers, and fruits) as well as ecophysiological parameters (stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, and degree of chlorosis) evaluated against the 21-02129 strain of Fusarium oxysporum isolated from purple passion fruit (gulupa, in Spanish). Results showed low levels of germination (55% landraces and 50% cultivars). The landraces populations showed greater morphological variability and greater tolerance to the pathogen expressed by the chlorophyll concentration from intact leaf samples on 28 d post inoculation (dpi) (landraces: 458±108 μmol m-2 and cultivars: 411±125 μmol m-2) and stomatal conductance (landraces: 90.8±14.9 mmol m-2 s-1 and cultivars: 87.1±34.1 mmol m-2s-1). The study revealed a good potential for tolerance to this pathogen in landraces, so it is necessary to carry out research aimed at preserving this diversity in situ and ex situ as well as a continuous analysis of these populations.
{"title":"Responses of landraces and commercial cultivars of yellow passion fruit to the prevalence of Fusarium oxysporum","authors":"Juan Pablo Bernal Moreno, Nohra Rodríguez","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.104450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.104450","url":null,"abstract":"Yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) is a fruit of high economic potential in Colombia, but the prevalence of some diseases often makes growers stop cultivating it. Also, varieties´ tolerance against some pathogens that have high prevalence in Colombia have not been released. The objective of this study was to contribute to the characterization of 63 populations of yellow passion fruit, including 46 cultivars and 17 landraces. The plants were evaluated using morphoagronomic descriptors (leaves, flowers, and fruits) as well as ecophysiological parameters (stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, and degree of chlorosis) evaluated against the 21-02129 strain of Fusarium oxysporum isolated from purple passion fruit (gulupa, in Spanish). Results showed low levels of germination (55% landraces and 50% cultivars). The landraces populations showed greater morphological variability and greater tolerance to the pathogen expressed by the chlorophyll concentration from intact leaf samples on 28 d post inoculation (dpi) (landraces: 458±108 μmol m-2 and cultivars: 411±125 μmol m-2) and stomatal conductance (landraces: 90.8±14.9 mmol m-2 s-1 and cultivars: 87.1±34.1 mmol m-2s-1). The study revealed a good potential for tolerance to this pathogen in landraces, so it is necessary to carry out research aimed at preserving this diversity in situ and ex situ as well as a continuous analysis of these populations.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":"198 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135802457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.106936
Julian David Rodriguez-Ruiz, Eduardo Rodríguez-Sandoval, María Soledad Hernández
Fermented soybean beverages are an alternative for improving intestinal health, and fermentation reduces the anti-nutritional factors of this legume. However, they do show high syneresis and low viscosity. Modified cassava starches could be added as a thickener and/or stabilizer to improve the quality of the product. The aim of this research was to assess the effect of adding modified cassava starch on the physicochemical properties of a fermented soybean beverage. Preliminary tests were carried out varying the concentration (0.8%, 1.0%, and 1.2%) of 3 types of modified cassava starch: octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA), acetylated distarch adipate (ADA) cross-linked starch, and substituted-crosslinked starch (mixed). A commercial culture of starter microorganisms and probiotics was used in the fermentation process. The statistical analysis was carried out with a two-factor (type of starch and concentration) and 3-level design; quality parameters such as pH, acidity, soluble solids, syneresis, and viscosity comparable to commercial fermented dairy beverages were evaluated. OSA starch had a lower syneresis and higher viscosity than the other starches for each concentration. Furthermore, the addition of 1.0% OSA and mixed starch, as well as 1.2% ADA starch, are comparable to the control commercial soybean beverage (SC).
{"title":"Influence of modified cassava starch on the physicochemical properties of a fermented soybean beverage","authors":"Julian David Rodriguez-Ruiz, Eduardo Rodríguez-Sandoval, María Soledad Hernández","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.106936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v41n1.106936","url":null,"abstract":"Fermented soybean beverages are an alternative for improving intestinal health, and fermentation reduces the anti-nutritional factors of this legume. However, they do show high syneresis and low viscosity. Modified cassava starches could be added as a thickener and/or stabilizer to improve the quality of the product. The aim of this research was to assess the effect of adding modified cassava starch on the physicochemical properties of a fermented soybean beverage. Preliminary tests were carried out varying the concentration (0.8%, 1.0%, and 1.2%) of 3 types of modified cassava starch: octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA), acetylated distarch adipate (ADA) cross-linked starch, and substituted-crosslinked starch (mixed). A commercial culture of starter microorganisms and probiotics was used in the fermentation process. The statistical analysis was carried out with a two-factor (type of starch and concentration) and 3-level design; quality parameters such as pH, acidity, soluble solids, syneresis, and viscosity comparable to commercial fermented dairy beverages were evaluated. OSA starch had a lower syneresis and higher viscosity than the other starches for each concentration. Furthermore, the addition of 1.0% OSA and mixed starch, as well as 1.2% ADA starch, are comparable to the control commercial soybean beverage (SC).","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135802333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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