Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.99009
Juan José Filgueira Duarte, Cindy Melissa Rincón-Sandoval, Carol Yineth Quinche, J. Soto, Ingrid Elizabeth Monroy
The carnation is one of the most important products for export in the floriculture industry of Colombia. Fusariosis (a disease resulting from presence of Fusarium) appears on the crops in two forms: vascular wilt and basal rot. The first is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi, which is a well-characterized disease. The second, caused by Fusarium verticillioides (previously Fusarium roseum), is a non-characterized disease and its development in the plant has not been described in detail. The symptoms of basal rot were differentiated from vascular wilt, through infection of plants in the greenhouse, with isolates of F. verticillioides and F. oxysporum obtained from lesions of symptomatic plants. The fungi morphological characterization allowed differentiation of the isolates of these two species and their growth habits on different media. The sequencing of 8 different genes with more than 13 amplicons in the 2 species showed genetic differences that grouped the isolates into different taxa. Multilocus sequence typing analysis using DNA sequences of 8 different genetic regions confirmed the presence of F. verticillioides. In this study, the role of F. verticillioides was demonstrated in the stems of carnation in commercial crops that presented pathogenic lesions. According to the results of the study, F. verticillioides is the etiological agent that produces the basal rotting in carnation plants, alone or in association with F. oxysporum.
{"title":"Basal rot in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) is caused by Fusarium verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg","authors":"Juan José Filgueira Duarte, Cindy Melissa Rincón-Sandoval, Carol Yineth Quinche, J. Soto, Ingrid Elizabeth Monroy","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.99009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.99009","url":null,"abstract":"The carnation is one of the most important products for export in the floriculture industry of Colombia. Fusariosis (a disease resulting from presence of Fusarium) appears on the crops in two forms: vascular wilt and basal rot. The first is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. dianthi, which is a well-characterized disease. The second, caused by Fusarium verticillioides (previously Fusarium roseum), is a non-characterized disease and its development in the plant has not been described in detail. The symptoms of basal rot were differentiated from vascular wilt, through infection of plants in the greenhouse, with isolates of F. verticillioides and F. oxysporum obtained from lesions of symptomatic plants. The fungi morphological characterization allowed differentiation of the isolates of these two species and their growth habits on different media. The sequencing of 8 different genes with more than 13 amplicons in the 2 species showed genetic differences that grouped the isolates into different taxa. Multilocus sequence typing analysis using DNA sequences of 8 different genetic regions confirmed the presence of F. verticillioides. In this study, the role of F. verticillioides was demonstrated in the stems of carnation in commercial crops that presented pathogenic lesions. According to the results of the study, F. verticillioides is the etiological agent that produces the basal rotting in carnation plants, alone or in association with F. oxysporum.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44757081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.99877
L. L. Tuisima-Coral, Wilfredo Felipe Guillén Huachua
The aim of this research was to assess genetic variability of yam Dioscorea trifida genotypes using morphological descriptors for the germplasm collection conserved in the Agricultural Experiment Station in Ucayali, Peru. Thirty-eight morphological traits were evaluated for 30 D. trifida genotypes over ten years; from the data we estimated the Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H’) and the coefficient of variation and performed principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Qualitative traits with high phenotypic diversity index were: petiole anthocyanin (0.86), internal tuber color (0.86), petiole color (0.81) and stem color (0.80). The quantitative traits with the highest coefficient of variation were: tuber weight per plant (33.01) and tuber yield (32.99). Seventy-six percent of the morphological variability is explained by four principal components, the first component is constituted by the characters tuber width, tuber weight per plant, and tuber yield (29%). Five groups of genotypes were also identified with statistically significant differences, where group B stands out for its higher yield in fewer days to harvest. This research reveals wide morphological diversity in genotypes of D. trifida; these results can be used to strengthen the conservation, management, and genetic improvement initiatives of this important species in the Peruvian Amazon.
{"title":"Genetic variability of yam (Dioscorea trifida) genotypes in the Ucayali region, Peru","authors":"L. L. Tuisima-Coral, Wilfredo Felipe Guillén Huachua","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.99877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.99877","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was to assess genetic variability of yam Dioscorea trifida genotypes using morphological descriptors for the germplasm collection conserved in the Agricultural Experiment Station in Ucayali, Peru. Thirty-eight morphological traits were evaluated for 30 D. trifida genotypes over ten years; from the data we estimated the Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H’) and the coefficient of variation and performed principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Qualitative traits with high phenotypic diversity index were: petiole anthocyanin (0.86), internal tuber color (0.86), petiole color (0.81) and stem color (0.80). The quantitative traits with the highest coefficient of variation were: tuber weight per plant (33.01) and tuber yield (32.99). Seventy-six percent of the morphological variability is explained by four principal components, the first component is constituted by the characters tuber width, tuber weight per plant, and tuber yield (29%). Five groups of genotypes were also identified with statistically significant differences, where group B stands out for its higher yield in fewer days to harvest. This research reveals wide morphological diversity in genotypes of D. trifida; these results can be used to strengthen the conservation, management, and genetic improvement initiatives of this important species in the Peruvian Amazon.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48787157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.98208
Willian Quintero Mendoza, Raquel Oriana Díaz-Salcedo, M. S. Hernández-Gómez
Copoazú (Theobroma grandiflorum), a fruit from the same genus as cacao, and asaí (Euterpe precatoria) a palm fruit, both of Amazonian origin, could promote local economic growth through fruit processing to increase the added value. This study aimed to identify the kinetics of alcoholic fruit beverages made from copoazú and asaí pulp or seeds, i.e., the fermentation kinetics in the case of copoazú drinks and the diffusion kinetics in the case of asaí drinks. Additionally, the feasibility of generating a milky mixture with the liquor obtained from the copoazú fruit processing was evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA tests and modeling of kinetics parameters with an evolutionary algorithm and optimization. Copoazú pulp was fermented with 15% Prestige Turbo Yeast®. Fermentation was separated into two stages: controlled fermentation during the first 5 d and a maturation process in the following 25 d. According to the modeling, the greatest efficiency was observed with 600 g L-1 pulp concentration and soluble solids adjusted at 35°Brix, with alcohol contents of up to 20% (w/v) after 30 d of processing and evidence that there may be inhibition of fermentation due to glycerol. The whole fruit and pulp of asaí were extracted with ethanol to obtain a liquor with the micronutrients and flavors of the fruit, and the anthocyanin content was used as a degradation process marker. Modelling showed that the optimum point that yielded maximum anthocyanin concentration was achieved at 60 d of maturation by extracting pulp in a 45% (w/v) ethanol solution resulting in a maximum anthocyanin content of 94.2 ± 15.3 mg of cyanidin-3-glucoside kg-1 of liquor. After that, a degradation process was observed as anthocyanin content diminished.
与可可同属的Copoazú（Theobroma grandiflorum）和棕榈树果实asaí（Euterpe pretoria）都原产于亚马逊地区，可以通过水果加工提高附加值来促进当地经济增长。本研究旨在确定由copoazú和asaí果肉或种子制成的酒精水果饮料的动力学，即copoazó饮料的发酵动力学和asaï饮料的扩散动力学。此外，还评估了用从copoazú水果加工中获得的液体产生乳白色混合物的可行性。通过方差分析测试进行统计分析，并使用进化算法和优化对动力学参数进行建模。Copoazú纸浆用15%Prestige Turbo酵母®发酵。发酵分为两个阶段：前5天的控制发酵和后25天的成熟过程。根据建模，在35°Brix下调节600 g L-1的果肉浓度和可溶性固体时，观察到最大的效率，加工30天后酒精含量高达20%（w/v），并且有证据表明可能由于甘油而抑制发酵。用乙醇提取asaí的整个果实和果肉，获得具有果实微量营养素和风味的酒，并以花青素含量作为降解过程的标志。模型显示，通过在45%（w/v）乙醇溶液中提取果肉，在成熟60天时达到产生最大花青素浓度的最佳点，从而产生94.2±15.3mg花青素-3-葡萄糖苷kg-1的最大花青素含量。之后，随着花青素含量的减少，观察到降解过程。
{"title":"Design and development of a mixed alcoholic beverage kinetics using asaí (Euterpe precatoria) and copoazú (Theobroma grandiflorum)","authors":"Willian Quintero Mendoza, Raquel Oriana Díaz-Salcedo, M. S. Hernández-Gómez","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.98208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.98208","url":null,"abstract":"Copoazú (Theobroma grandiflorum), a fruit from the same genus as cacao, and asaí (Euterpe precatoria) a palm fruit, both of Amazonian origin, could promote local economic growth through fruit processing to increase the added value. This study aimed to identify the kinetics of alcoholic fruit beverages made from copoazú and asaí pulp or seeds, i.e., the fermentation kinetics in the case of copoazú drinks and the diffusion kinetics in the case of asaí drinks. Additionally, the feasibility of generating a milky mixture with the liquor obtained from the copoazú fruit processing was evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA tests and modeling of kinetics parameters with an evolutionary algorithm and optimization. Copoazú pulp was fermented with 15% Prestige Turbo Yeast®. Fermentation was separated into two stages: controlled fermentation during the first 5 d and a maturation process in the following 25 d. According to the modeling, the greatest efficiency was observed with 600 g L-1 pulp concentration and soluble solids adjusted at 35°Brix, with alcohol contents of up to 20% (w/v) after 30 d of processing and evidence that there may be inhibition of fermentation due to glycerol. The whole fruit and pulp of asaí were extracted with ethanol to obtain a liquor with the micronutrients and flavors of the fruit, and the anthocyanin content was used as a degradation process marker. Modelling showed that the optimum point that yielded maximum anthocyanin concentration was achieved at 60 d of maturation by extracting pulp in a 45% (w/v) ethanol solution resulting in a maximum anthocyanin content of 94.2 ± 15.3 mg of cyanidin-3-glucoside kg-1 of liquor. After that, a degradation process was observed as anthocyanin content diminished.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44763718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.98112
T. C. Puentes-Escobar, Adalberto Rodríguez-Carlosama, Camilo Andrés López
The impact of biochar on soils has been demonstrated, including its improvements of physical, chemical, and biological properties that promote agricultural production. This study aims to evaluate the effect of biochar on the growth of granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss.) seedlings. For this research, biochar was obtained from the pyrolysis of agricultural waste in a conical flame curtain reactor at temperatures between 400ºC and 500ºC for 90 min. The different biomasses used consisted of cholupa (Passiflora maliformis L.) fruit shells, residues of guamo (Inga spuria) wood, coffee (Coffea arabica L.) husks, and rice (Oryza sativa L.) husks. The biochar produced was mixed with Jiffy® brand peat in doses of 5%, 10%, and 20% (v/v) for each of the four types of biochar, with a control of 100% peat. For each treatment, 100 seedlings were planted, taking 12 random samples of each at 43, 57, and 71 d after sowing. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene test, followed by a factorial analysis of variance, evaluating variables such as dry weight, root length, leaf number, stem diameter, and chlorophyll index. The biochar obtained from the coffee husk promoted further growth, but its effectiveness decreased at a concentration of 20%.
{"title":"Effect of biochar use as a substrate on granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss.) growth parameters","authors":"T. C. Puentes-Escobar, Adalberto Rodríguez-Carlosama, Camilo Andrés López","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.98112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.98112","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of biochar on soils has been demonstrated, including its improvements of physical, chemical, and biological properties that promote agricultural production. This study aims to evaluate the effect of biochar on the growth of granadilla (Passiflora ligularis Juss.) seedlings. For this research, biochar was obtained from the pyrolysis of agricultural waste in a conical flame curtain reactor at temperatures between 400ºC and 500ºC for 90 min. The different biomasses used consisted of cholupa (Passiflora maliformis L.) fruit shells, residues of guamo (Inga spuria) wood, coffee (Coffea arabica L.) husks, and rice (Oryza sativa L.) husks. The biochar produced was mixed with Jiffy® brand peat in doses of 5%, 10%, and 20% (v/v) for each of the four types of biochar, with a control of 100% peat. For each treatment, 100 seedlings were planted, taking 12 random samples of each at 43, 57, and 71 d after sowing. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene test, followed by a factorial analysis of variance, evaluating variables such as dry weight, root length, leaf number, stem diameter, and chlorophyll index. The biochar obtained from the coffee husk promoted further growth, but its effectiveness decreased at a concentration of 20%.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42616777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.94079
João Rafael Prudêncio dos Santos, V. Maia, Bruno Soares da Silva, Pedro Mendes Demicheli, I. Aspiazú, G. Concenço
The pineapple belongs to the family Bromeliaceae and is a slow-growing succulent monocot with a reduced superficial root system. For this reason, the interference of weeds in competition with this crop can cause significant losses to the production. One of the bases to elaborate a control strategy is the knowledge of the diversity of weeds that occur in the cultivated areas. The objective of this study was to identify the weed community during pineapple growth in a semi-arid climate region of Brazil. Weeds were collected 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 days after planting (DAP) the pineapple. These collections were made in three different plots every two months until floral induction, composed of three pineapple cultivars. The weed community found in the irrigated pineapple field, in semi-arid climate conditions, was mostly composed by species belonging to the families Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Convolvulaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, and Poaceae. The highest diversity of weed species was found at 60 DAP. The species Ipomoea acuminata was present throughout the development of the pineapple and showed the highest importance value index in most of the periods evaluated during the pineapple growth.
{"title":"Dynamics of the weed community during pineapple growth in the Brazilian semi-arid region","authors":"João Rafael Prudêncio dos Santos, V. Maia, Bruno Soares da Silva, Pedro Mendes Demicheli, I. Aspiazú, G. Concenço","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.94079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.94079","url":null,"abstract":"The pineapple belongs to the family Bromeliaceae and is a slow-growing succulent monocot with a reduced superficial root system. For this reason, the interference of weeds in competition with this crop can cause significant losses to the production. One of the bases to elaborate a control strategy is the knowledge of the diversity of weeds that occur in the cultivated areas. The objective of this study was to identify the weed community during pineapple growth in a semi-arid climate region of Brazil. Weeds were collected 60, 120, 180, 240, 300, and 360 days after planting (DAP) the pineapple. These collections were made in three different plots every two months until floral induction, composed of three pineapple cultivars. The weed community found in the irrigated pineapple field, in semi-arid climate conditions, was mostly composed by species belonging to the families Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Convolvulaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, and Poaceae. The highest diversity of weed species was found at 60 DAP. The species Ipomoea acuminata was present throughout the development of the pineapple and showed the highest importance value index in most of the periods evaluated during the pineapple growth.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45212014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.100044
Marilcen Jaime-Guerrero, J. Álvarez-Herrera, Hernán David Ruiz-Berrío
The demand for fruits with high anthocyanin content, such as blueberries, has increased in recent years due to their health benefits. However, few studies are known on the postharvest behavior of blueberry fruits subjected to the application of plant extracts and acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM). The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of the application of ASM and vegetable extracts (mint and coriander) on the organoleptic characteristics of blueberry fruits stored at 16°C during postharvest through a completely randomized design with five treatments. The contents of total anthocyanins in fruits (TA) did not differ between treatments, with values that ranged between 74.1 mg and 83.9 mg 100 g-1 of fresh weight. The TA tended to increase during storage and then to decrease during senescence. The firmness of blueberry fruits increased during storage, but hardness did not increase, since the fruits are softer and show wrinkling over time, indicating that the epidermis of the fruits has great elasticity. The fruits with the application of vegetable extracts showed the highest total soluble solids and total titratable acidity. The values of red/green and yellow/blue ratio increased, so the blueberry fruits slightly lost their blue hue during postharvest. Fruits with ASM application reached a postharvest life of 15 d after harvest (dah) while the other treatments only maintained quality for 13 dah.
{"title":"Postharvest application of acibenzolar-S-methyl and plant extracts affect physicochemical properties of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) fruits","authors":"Marilcen Jaime-Guerrero, J. Álvarez-Herrera, Hernán David Ruiz-Berrío","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.100044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.100044","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for fruits with high anthocyanin content, such as blueberries, has increased in recent years due to their health benefits. However, few studies are known on the postharvest behavior of blueberry fruits subjected to the application of plant extracts and acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM). The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of the application of ASM and vegetable extracts (mint and coriander) on the organoleptic characteristics of blueberry fruits stored at 16°C during postharvest through a completely randomized design with five treatments. The contents of total anthocyanins in fruits (TA) did not differ between treatments, with values that ranged between 74.1 mg and 83.9 mg 100 g-1 of fresh weight. The TA tended to increase during storage and then to decrease during senescence. The firmness of blueberry fruits increased during storage, but hardness did not increase, since the fruits are softer and show wrinkling over time, indicating that the epidermis of the fruits has great elasticity. The fruits with the application of vegetable extracts showed the highest total soluble solids and total titratable acidity. The values of red/green and yellow/blue ratio increased, so the blueberry fruits slightly lost their blue hue during postharvest. Fruits with ASM application reached a postharvest life of 15 d after harvest (dah) while the other treatments only maintained quality for 13 dah.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47192037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.96330
Giovanni Reyes Moreno, Juan Carlos Barrientos Fuentes, Enrique Darghan Contreras
Biochar is a product of pyrolysis obtained from any type of biomass and can be used as a soil amendment or conditioner, improving the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil. Additionally, it can serve as an alternative to the application of synthetic fertilization in forest species such as Acacia mangium Willd. This research was oriented towards the determination of the economic efficiency of the use of biochar in A. mangium compared to the use of synthetic fertilizers. Production costs of wood and by-products, income and profits from forestry, economic efficiency of capital (cost-benefit ratio), labor (wood production per worker), and land (wood production ha-1) were considered. We found that the production of wood using biochar increased by 47% per unit area (ha), by 23% per unit of work (worker), and increased earnings by approximately one million Colombian pesos ha-1 compared to the use of only synthetic fertilizers.
{"title":"Economic efficiency of biochar as an amendment for Acacia mangium Willd. plantations","authors":"Giovanni Reyes Moreno, Juan Carlos Barrientos Fuentes, Enrique Darghan Contreras","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.96330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.96330","url":null,"abstract":"Biochar is a product of pyrolysis obtained from any type of biomass and can be used as a soil amendment or conditioner, improving the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil. Additionally, it can serve as an alternative to the application of synthetic fertilization in forest species such as Acacia mangium Willd. This research was oriented towards the determination of the economic efficiency of the use of biochar in A. mangium compared to the use of synthetic fertilizers. Production costs of wood and by-products, income and profits from forestry, economic efficiency of capital (cost-benefit ratio), labor (wood production per worker), and land (wood production ha-1) were considered. We found that the production of wood using biochar increased by 47% per unit area (ha), by 23% per unit of work (worker), and increased earnings by approximately one million Colombian pesos ha-1 compared to the use of only synthetic fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46828702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.98526
Nicolás Puentes Montealegre, Johanna Santamaría Vanegas, C. Ñústez-López, G. Rozo
Potato cultivation requires fertilizers to sustain crop yields, but a significant percentage of added nutrients is lost by leaching. The use of coating materials for fertilizers is currently being considered to reduce these losses. The objective of this study was to determine if a carrageenin based hydrogel (CBH), used to coat fertilizer, decreases NH4+ and K+ leaching from a potato crop without affecting growth, specific gravity, and tuber yield. The CBH was tested in a diploid potato crop, cultivar Criolla Colombia (Solanum tuberosum L., Phureja Group) using a randomized full block design including the treatments noncoated fertilizer (T1), CBH coated fertilizer (T2), and no fertilizer (T3). Mineral nutrients in soil leachates together with dry biomass, foliar area, chlorophyll, tuber specific gravity, and yield were quantified. The nutrient content in leachates from T2 were below those from T1. No significant differences between treatments were observed for growth factors, yield, and tuber specific gravity. This study confirms the controlling effect of the CBH, ensuring the retention of the nutrients added in the fertilizer and preventing them from easily leaching. Future field studies are worthwhile to establish the amount of fertilizer this coating could save.
{"title":"Control of N-NH4+ and K+ leaching in potato using a carrageenan hydrogel","authors":"Nicolás Puentes Montealegre, Johanna Santamaría Vanegas, C. Ñústez-López, G. Rozo","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.98526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.98526","url":null,"abstract":"Potato cultivation requires fertilizers to sustain crop yields, but a significant percentage of added nutrients is lost by leaching. The use of coating materials for fertilizers is currently being considered to reduce these losses. The objective of this study was to determine if a carrageenin based hydrogel (CBH), used to coat fertilizer, decreases NH4+ and K+ leaching from a potato crop without affecting growth, specific gravity, and tuber yield. The CBH was tested in a diploid potato crop, cultivar Criolla Colombia (Solanum tuberosum L., Phureja Group) using a randomized full block design including the treatments noncoated fertilizer (T1), CBH coated fertilizer (T2), and no fertilizer (T3). Mineral nutrients in soil leachates together with dry biomass, foliar area, chlorophyll, tuber specific gravity, and yield were quantified. The nutrient content in leachates from T2 were below those from T1. No significant differences between treatments were observed for growth factors, yield, and tuber specific gravity. This study confirms the controlling effect of the CBH, ensuring the retention of the nutrients added in the fertilizer and preventing them from easily leaching. Future field studies are worthwhile to establish the amount of fertilizer this coating could save.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45564703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.100886
Y. Ramos, A. Taibo, Andy Luis Alvarez Vega, Chabeli Abreu Lemes, R. Castañeda-Ruiz, O. Portal
Entomopathogenic fungi are an ecological alternative for the control of agricultural pests. These fungi live in organic matter in the soil and can cause natural epizootics in many arthropods associated with the rhizosphere. The aim of this study was to evaluate the abundance of Beauveria and Metarhizium spp. in maize and banana agroecosystems in central Cuba. Selective medium and insect baiting methods were used to isolate the entomopathogenic fungi from the soil. Metarhizium spp. were significantly more abundant than Beauveria spp. in both types of fields of agroecosystems. The abundance of Metarhizium spp. was higher in Sagua la Grande than in Santa Clara and Camajuaní municipalities. The insect bait method resulted as the most successful way to isolate entomopathogenic fungi from soil. These results show the composition of the entomopathogenic fungi in different agroecosystems, and they are an advance in the understanding of their ecology.
{"title":"Abundance of Beauveria spp. and Metarhizium spp. in maize and banana agroecosystems in central Cuba","authors":"Y. Ramos, A. Taibo, Andy Luis Alvarez Vega, Chabeli Abreu Lemes, R. Castañeda-Ruiz, O. Portal","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.100886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.100886","url":null,"abstract":"Entomopathogenic fungi are an ecological alternative for the control of agricultural pests. These fungi live in organic matter in the soil and can cause natural epizootics in many arthropods associated with the rhizosphere. The aim of this study was to evaluate the abundance of Beauveria and Metarhizium spp. in maize and banana agroecosystems in central Cuba. Selective medium and insect baiting methods were used to isolate the entomopathogenic fungi from the soil. Metarhizium spp. were significantly more abundant than Beauveria spp. in both types of fields of agroecosystems. The abundance of Metarhizium spp. was higher in Sagua la Grande than in Santa Clara and Camajuaní municipalities. The insect bait method resulted as the most successful way to isolate entomopathogenic fungi from soil. These results show the composition of the entomopathogenic fungi in different agroecosystems, and they are an advance in the understanding of their ecology.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45242093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-30DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.98599
H. González-Osorio, Carmenza Esther Góngora Botero, Sandra Patricia Jaramillo Padilla, W. Osorio
Soil phosphorus (P) availability is a limiting factor for coffee seedling growth. Usually, large amounts of P fertilizers are required, generating nutritional imbalance, increasing production costs, and raising environmental concerns in water pollution. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can enhance plant P uptake and growth and reduce the dose of P fertilizers. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in a substrate containing Paleudult soil and quartz sand, with low level of soluble P (1 mg kg-1), to establish the effect of AMF inoculation with Rhizoglomus fasciculatum on coffee (Coffea arabica L. cv. Colombia) seedlings growth and P uptake under three levels of P in soil solution (0.002, 0.02, and 0.2 mg L-1). AMF colonization was significantly reduced when contents of P in solution increased. Shoot dry weight and P foliar concentration were increased by the AMF inoculation when soil P in solution was 0.02 mg L-1; these effects were lower at 0.2 mg L-1 and null at 0.002 mg L-1 P. Results showed that AMF inoculation can play an important role in the growth of coffee seedlings as long as the content P in soil solution maintains intermediate level. At the lowest P level, the response of coffee seedlings to AMF inoculation was ineffective, while at the highest level, AMF application was unnecessary for coffee growth.
{"title":"Plant growth and phosphorus uptake of coffee seedlings through mycorrhizal inoculation","authors":"H. González-Osorio, Carmenza Esther Góngora Botero, Sandra Patricia Jaramillo Padilla, W. Osorio","doi":"10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.98599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v40n1.98599","url":null,"abstract":"Soil phosphorus (P) availability is a limiting factor for coffee seedling growth. Usually, large amounts of P fertilizers are required, generating nutritional imbalance, increasing production costs, and raising environmental concerns in water pollution. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can enhance plant P uptake and growth and reduce the dose of P fertilizers. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in a substrate containing Paleudult soil and quartz sand, with low level of soluble P (1 mg kg-1), to establish the effect of AMF inoculation with Rhizoglomus fasciculatum on coffee (Coffea arabica L. cv. Colombia) seedlings growth and P uptake under three levels of P in soil solution (0.002, 0.02, and 0.2 mg L-1). AMF colonization was significantly reduced when contents of P in solution increased. Shoot dry weight and P foliar concentration were increased by the AMF inoculation when soil P in solution was 0.02 mg L-1; these effects were lower at 0.2 mg L-1 and null at 0.002 mg L-1 P. Results showed that AMF inoculation can play an important role in the growth of coffee seedlings as long as the content P in soil solution maintains intermediate level. At the lowest P level, the response of coffee seedlings to AMF inoculation was ineffective, while at the highest level, AMF application was unnecessary for coffee growth.","PeriodicalId":38464,"journal":{"name":"Agronomia Colombiana","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46500454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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