Rudinei De Marco, F. Herter, Roberto José Zoppolo Goldschmidt, C. Martins, C. Crosa
A seleção de cultivares de noz-pecã e seus polinizadores é essencial para atingir o máximo potencial de produção. A sincronia dos períodos de floração das cultivares pode não ser suficiente para garantir a qualidade da castanha devido ao efeito xenia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes polinizadores nas dimensões e produtividade dos frutos das cultivares Kiowa e Barton. Ambas as cultivares foram submetidas a seis tratamentos. Kiowa: sem polinização, polinização livre, autopolinização e polinização controlada por pólen das cultivares Cape Fear, Pawnee e Desmable. Barton: sem polinização, polinização livre, autopolinização e polinização controlada por pólen das cultivares Melhorada, Jackson e Success. A autopolinização diminuiu as dimensões e a produção de frutos e grãos. Pólen de diferentes cultivares exibiu efeito xenia positivo e negativo sobre as características dos frutos. O maior fruto e a maior produção de grãos foram alcançados quando 'Kiowa' foi polinizado com 'Desejável' e 'Barton' foi polinizado com 'Sucesso'.
{"title":"Efeitos de fontes de pólen na qualidade de castanhas produzidas por cultivares de noz-pecã Kiowa e Barton","authors":"Rudinei De Marco, F. Herter, Roberto José Zoppolo Goldschmidt, C. Martins, C. Crosa","doi":"10.14295/cs.v14.3696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/cs.v14.3696","url":null,"abstract":"A seleção de cultivares de noz-pecã e seus polinizadores é essencial para atingir o máximo potencial de produção. A sincronia dos períodos de floração das cultivares pode não ser suficiente para garantir a qualidade da castanha devido ao efeito xenia. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes polinizadores nas dimensões e produtividade dos frutos das cultivares Kiowa e Barton. Ambas as cultivares foram submetidas a seis tratamentos. Kiowa: sem polinização, polinização livre, autopolinização e polinização controlada por pólen das cultivares Cape Fear, Pawnee e Desmable. Barton: sem polinização, polinização livre, autopolinização e polinização controlada por pólen das cultivares Melhorada, Jackson e Success. A autopolinização diminuiu as dimensões e a produção de frutos e grãos. Pólen de diferentes cultivares exibiu efeito xenia positivo e negativo sobre as características dos frutos. O maior fruto e a maior produção de grãos foram alcançados quando 'Kiowa' foi polinizado com 'Desejável' e 'Barton' foi polinizado com 'Sucesso'. ","PeriodicalId":38570,"journal":{"name":"Comunicata Scientiae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45809010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristiano Souza do Nascimento, C. Sales-Campos, C. C. D. Nascimento, Roberto Daniel de Araújo, R. Abreu, Irineide de Almeida Cruz
Understand the process of biodegradation of lignocellulosic material as its chemical composition is key properties for enhancing the cultivation of edible mushrooms, which seek in lignin and other carbon source carbohydrates. The purpose of this study was to monitor polysaccharide and lignin degradation caused by Pleurotus ostreatoroseus on different agroindustrial substrates using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR). Sawdust substrates of Marupá and Cajuí wood, banana pseudostem fibers, enriched with bran of cereals were formulated (WB and MWB). Of the 12 formulations elaborated, eight were submitted to biodegradation of P. ostreatoroseus over a period of 49 days (Residual substrate), and four formulations maintained in natura (Initial substrates), where each treatment was formed by 10 replicates totaling n = 120. Spectra were obtained from the substrates before and after cultivation in FT-NIR system in the region between 10,000 and 4,000 cm-1 and the index degradation of lignocellulosic compounds was determined (LDI and PDI). Through Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy was it is possible to observe the degradation of polysaccharides and lignin in the substrates grown with the fungus P. ostreatoroseus. In the residual substrate Marupá+WB-POSP was the highest lignin degradation index (LDI = 9.26%). While whereas for the PDI (Polysaccharide degradation index), the highest degradation (7.12%) was observed in the residual substrate Cajuí+MWB-POAM. Through analysis of the absorption bands, it was possible to observe the degradation of structures/bonds characteristics of lignocellulosic residues. The NIR model for degradation of lignocellulosic compounds was more effective in predicting “lignin degradation” in the spectral range 6,350-7,308 cm-1
{"title":"Use of NIR spectroscopy to monitor substrate biodegradation lignocellulosics by Pleurotus","authors":"Cristiano Souza do Nascimento, C. Sales-Campos, C. C. D. Nascimento, Roberto Daniel de Araújo, R. Abreu, Irineide de Almeida Cruz","doi":"10.14295/cs.v14.3305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/cs.v14.3305","url":null,"abstract":"Understand the process of biodegradation of lignocellulosic material as its chemical composition is key properties for enhancing the cultivation of edible mushrooms, which seek in lignin and other carbon source carbohydrates. The purpose of this study was to monitor polysaccharide and lignin degradation caused by Pleurotus ostreatoroseus on different agroindustrial substrates using near infrared spectroscopy (NIR). Sawdust substrates of Marupá and Cajuí wood, banana pseudostem fibers, enriched with bran of cereals were formulated (WB and MWB). Of the 12 formulations elaborated, eight were submitted to biodegradation of P. ostreatoroseus over a period of 49 days (Residual substrate), and four formulations maintained in natura (Initial substrates), where each treatment was formed by 10 replicates totaling n = 120. Spectra were obtained from the substrates before and after cultivation in FT-NIR system in the region between 10,000 and 4,000 cm-1 and the index degradation of lignocellulosic compounds was determined (LDI and PDI). Through Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy was it is possible to observe the degradation of polysaccharides and lignin in the substrates grown with the fungus P. ostreatoroseus. In the residual substrate Marupá+WB-POSP was the highest lignin degradation index (LDI = 9.26%). While whereas for the PDI (Polysaccharide degradation index), the highest degradation (7.12%) was observed in the residual substrate Cajuí+MWB-POAM. Through analysis of the absorption bands, it was possible to observe the degradation of structures/bonds characteristics of lignocellulosic residues. The NIR model for degradation of lignocellulosic compounds was more effective in predicting “lignin degradation” in the spectral range 6,350-7,308 cm-1","PeriodicalId":38570,"journal":{"name":"Comunicata Scientiae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43742057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Emília Barbosa Tavares, Antonio Ismael Inácio Cardoso, Bruno Novaes Menezes Martins, Thatiane Nepomuceno Alves, Carla Verônica Corrêa, Natália De Brito Lima Lanna
Nitrogen fertilization in cucurbits must be splitted, one part being supplied before planting and the rest applied in top dressing. However, there is a lack of research about this splitting throughout the cycle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen doses and splitting of this fertilization in top dressing on production and macronutrient content in fruits of zucchini. Two experiments were carried out, with thirteen treatments, in the factorial scheme 4x3+1, with four nitrogen doses in top dressing (62.5, 125.0, 187.5, 250.0 kg ha-1 of N), three splitting forms (1/6+1/3+1/2; 1/4+1/2+1/4; 1/3+1/3+1/3 of total dose in each application) and one treatment without fertilization in top dressing (control = dose zero), with four replicates. Experiment 1 and 2 were conducted in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Total and commercial fruit production (g), total and commercial fruit number per plant, length, diameter and average commercial fruit weight were evaluated. Only in experiment 2 the macronutrient content in the fruits were evaluated. In experiment 1, the 1/4+1/2+1/4 splitting provided greater number of total and commercial fruits per plant. In experiment 2, the increasing of the doses in the 1/6+1/3+1/2 and 1/3+1/3+1/3 splitting resulted in a linear increase in total and commercial fruit production. The decreasing order of macronutrient content in fruits was K>N>P>Ca>Mg>S.
葫芦的氮肥必须分开施用，一部分在种植前供应，另一部分在追肥时施用。然而，在整个周期中，缺乏关于这种分裂的研究。本研究的目的是评估氮剂量和这种施肥在追肥中的分配对西葫芦果实产量和大量营养素含量的影响。进行了两个实验，共有13个处理，采用因子方案4x3+1，在追肥中使用四个氮剂量（62.5125.0187.5250.0 kg ha-1的N），三种分裂形式（1/6+1/3+1/2；1/4+1/2+1/4；每次施用总剂量的1/3+1/3+1/3）和一个不施肥的追肥处理（对照=零剂量），共四个重复。实验1和实验2分别在2014年和2015年进行。对总果产量和商品果产量（g）、单株总果数和商品果数、长度、直径和平均商品果重进行了评估。仅在实验2中评估了果实中的大量营养素含量。在实验1中，1/4+1/2+1/4分裂为每株植物提供了更多的总果实和商品果实。在实验2中，1/6+1/3+1/2和1/3+1/3+1/3分裂中剂量的增加导致总产量和商品产量的线性增加。果实中常量营养素含量的下降顺序为K>N>P>Ca>Mg>S。
{"title":"Nitrogen doses and splitting in top dressing in the production and macronutrient content in fruits of zucchini","authors":"Ana Emília Barbosa Tavares, Antonio Ismael Inácio Cardoso, Bruno Novaes Menezes Martins, Thatiane Nepomuceno Alves, Carla Verônica Corrêa, Natália De Brito Lima Lanna","doi":"10.14295/cs.v14.3828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/cs.v14.3828","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen fertilization in cucurbits must be splitted, one part being supplied before planting and the rest applied in top dressing. However, there is a lack of research about this splitting throughout the cycle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen doses and splitting of this fertilization in top dressing on production and macronutrient content in fruits of zucchini. Two experiments were carried out, with thirteen treatments, in the factorial scheme 4x3+1, with four nitrogen doses in top dressing (62.5, 125.0, 187.5, 250.0 kg ha-1 of N), three splitting forms (1/6+1/3+1/2; 1/4+1/2+1/4; 1/3+1/3+1/3 of total dose in each application) and one treatment without fertilization in top dressing (control = dose zero), with four replicates. Experiment 1 and 2 were conducted in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Total and commercial fruit production (g), total and commercial fruit number per plant, length, diameter and average commercial fruit weight were evaluated. Only in experiment 2 the macronutrient content in the fruits were evaluated. In experiment 1, the 1/4+1/2+1/4 splitting provided greater number of total and commercial fruits per plant. In experiment 2, the increasing of the doses in the 1/6+1/3+1/2 and 1/3+1/3+1/3 splitting resulted in a linear increase in total and commercial fruit production. The decreasing order of macronutrient content in fruits was K>N>P>Ca>Mg>S.","PeriodicalId":38570,"journal":{"name":"Comunicata Scientiae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48752911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edimara RIBEIRO DE SOUZA, Manuela OLIVEIRA DE SOUZA, Jiovana PEREIRA AMORIM SANTOS, Edvânia DA SILVA CARVALHO, Andrea VITA REIS MENDONÇA
Os testes de germinação são ferramentas indispensáveis na caracterização de lotes de sementes. Entretanto, não há prescrição para condução do teste de germinação para sementes de Parapiptadenia blanchetii (Benth.). As informações a respeito da espécie são limitadas a taxonomia e área de distribuição. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar a duração do teste de germinação para sementes de P. blanchetii, com emprego de regressão segmentada. O experimento foi conduzido nas temperaturas de 20, 25, 30 e 35 °C, e quatro repetições de 25 sementes. A curva de germinação foi ajustada por modelos de regressão response-platô: linear segmentado com platô (MPL) e o quadrático segmentado com platô (MPQ). Para a germinação, o MPQ apresentou o melhor ajuste a 20 °C e 25 °C. No entanto, nas temperaturas de 30 °C e 35 °C o desempenho dos dois modelos foi semelhante. Para a formação de plântulas normais o melhor ajuste dos dados foi no MPQ nas temperaturas de 25 °C e 30 °C, nas demais temperaturas o MPL apresentou melhor desempenho. A duração dos testes de germinação depende do critério de germinação e da temperatura. Para os testes de germinação, realizados em temperaturas de 30 °C ou 35 °C, ao adotar a protrusão radicular como critério de germinação, recomenda-se única contagem no quarto dia após a semeadura. Para avaliar a formação de plântulas normais, sugere-se primeira e segunda contagem, aos seis e nove dias.
{"title":"Duração de teste de germinação de Parapiptadenia blanchetii (Benth.) Vaz & M. P. Lima","authors":"Edimara RIBEIRO DE SOUZA, Manuela OLIVEIRA DE SOUZA, Jiovana PEREIRA AMORIM SANTOS, Edvânia DA SILVA CARVALHO, Andrea VITA REIS MENDONÇA","doi":"10.14295/cs.v14.3997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/cs.v14.3997","url":null,"abstract":"Os testes de germinação são ferramentas indispensáveis na caracterização de lotes de sementes. Entretanto, não há prescrição para condução do teste de germinação para sementes de Parapiptadenia blanchetii (Benth.). As informações a respeito da espécie são limitadas a taxonomia e área de distribuição. O objetivo desse estudo foi determinar a duração do teste de germinação para sementes de P. blanchetii, com emprego de regressão segmentada. O experimento foi conduzido nas temperaturas de 20, 25, 30 e 35 °C, e quatro repetições de 25 sementes. A curva de germinação foi ajustada por modelos de regressão response-platô: linear segmentado com platô (MPL) e o quadrático segmentado com platô (MPQ). Para a germinação, o MPQ apresentou o melhor ajuste a 20 °C e 25 °C. No entanto, nas temperaturas de 30 °C e 35 °C o desempenho dos dois modelos foi semelhante. Para a formação de plântulas normais o melhor ajuste dos dados foi no MPQ nas temperaturas de 25 °C e 30 °C, nas demais temperaturas o MPL apresentou melhor desempenho. A duração dos testes de germinação depende do critério de germinação e da temperatura. Para os testes de germinação, realizados em temperaturas de 30 °C ou 35 °C, ao adotar a protrusão radicular como critério de germinação, recomenda-se única contagem no quarto dia após a semeadura. Para avaliar a formação de plântulas normais, sugere-se primeira e segunda contagem, aos seis e nove dias.","PeriodicalId":38570,"journal":{"name":"Comunicata Scientiae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41963192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nilciléia Mendes da Silva, Sebastião Elviro de Araújo Neto, L. G. D. Souza e Souza, G. P. Pinto, Regina Lúcia Felix Ferreira, Thays Lemos Uchôa
Among the fruit crops of economic expression in Brazil, the passion fruit stands out for the medicinal, cosmetic and organoleptic properties of its fruits, having great acceptance by consumers. Because of this, the objective was to evaluate the physical and chemical quality of yellow passion fruit fruits under organic system as a function of pollination combined with irrigated and protected cultivation. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in divided plots (2 x 2 x 2) with eight treatments and four replications containing four plants per experimental unit. The protected environment was installed on the upper part of each espalier, consisting of a 100 m transparent additive plastic film as material for the covering. Irrigation was of the micro sprinkler type and manual or natural (entomophilic) pollination. The following were evaluated: soluble solids content; total titratable acidity; ratio; raw pulp yield; juice yield; In the classification of the fruits - the physical appearance was analyzed, counting the amount of fruits that presented light, serious or without damages and the equatorial diameter of the fruits. These assessments were carried out in two periods: crop 1 (January to August 2019) and crop 2 (September 2019 to August 2020). It is concluded that: the cultivation system combining rainfed, plastic protection of plants and artificial pollination produces fruits with larger diameter and larger percentage of fruits in gauge 5; the raw pulp and juice yield, titratable acidity, soluble solids and ratio are not influenced by the cultivation systems.
{"title":"Quality of yellow passion fruit as a function of irrigation, artificial pollination, and protected cultivation","authors":"Nilciléia Mendes da Silva, Sebastião Elviro de Araújo Neto, L. G. D. Souza e Souza, G. P. Pinto, Regina Lúcia Felix Ferreira, Thays Lemos Uchôa","doi":"10.14295/cs.v14.3803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/cs.v14.3803","url":null,"abstract":"Among the fruit crops of economic expression in Brazil, the passion fruit stands out for the medicinal, cosmetic and organoleptic properties of its fruits, having great acceptance by consumers. Because of this, the objective was to evaluate the physical and chemical quality of yellow passion fruit fruits under organic system as a function of pollination combined with irrigated and protected cultivation. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in divided plots (2 x 2 x 2) with eight treatments and four replications containing four plants per experimental unit. The protected environment was installed on the upper part of each espalier, consisting of a 100 m transparent additive plastic film as material for the covering. Irrigation was of the micro sprinkler type and manual or natural (entomophilic) pollination. The following were evaluated: soluble solids content; total titratable acidity; ratio; raw pulp yield; juice yield; In the classification of the fruits - the physical appearance was analyzed, counting the amount of fruits that presented light, serious or without damages and the equatorial diameter of the fruits. These assessments were carried out in two periods: crop 1 (January to August 2019) and crop 2 (September 2019 to August 2020). It is concluded that: the cultivation system combining rainfed, plastic protection of plants and artificial pollination produces fruits with larger diameter and larger percentage of fruits in gauge 5; the raw pulp and juice yield, titratable acidity, soluble solids and ratio are not influenced by the cultivation systems.","PeriodicalId":38570,"journal":{"name":"Comunicata Scientiae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45215735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. F. Menegaes, Ubirajara Russi Nunes, Fernanda Alice Antonello Londero Backes, A. Swarowsky, Tatiana Tasquetto Fiorin, Felipe de Lima Franzen
Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), belonging to the Asteraceae family, originating in Asia, is considered one of the oldest agricultural crops, with records dating back to 4.500 BC, extraction of food, medicinal and biodiesel oil, animal feed, and floral stems for ornamentation. In Brazil, cultivation is still relatively new, requiring studies regarding the post-harvest of its floral stems, which have an ornamental character due to their beauty, rusticity and versatility of use. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the post-harvest quality and durability of safflower flower stems treated with different pre-cooling periods and preservative solutions. The experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design, organized in a 3x7 factorial scheme (pre-cooling periods and preservative solutions), with four replications, and each experimental unit consisted of five flower stems. The average diameters of the inflorescences and stems were evaluated, as well as the durability of a healthy and marketable aspect. It was observed that the durability of the safflower flower stems was favored with pre-cooling, and when combined with different preservative solutions, they present up to 12 days of pot life. Recommended treatment is a combination of preservative solution containing distilled water + 20 mg L-1 of citric acid and a pre-cooling period of 24 h.
{"title":"Post-harvest quality of safflower flower stems at different pre-cooling periods and preservative solutions","authors":"J. F. Menegaes, Ubirajara Russi Nunes, Fernanda Alice Antonello Londero Backes, A. Swarowsky, Tatiana Tasquetto Fiorin, Felipe de Lima Franzen","doi":"10.14295/cs.v14.3923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/cs.v14.3923","url":null,"abstract":"Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), belonging to the Asteraceae family, originating in Asia, is considered one of the oldest agricultural crops, with records dating back to 4.500 BC, extraction of food, medicinal and biodiesel oil, animal feed, and floral stems for ornamentation. In Brazil, cultivation is still relatively new, requiring studies regarding the post-harvest of its floral stems, which have an ornamental character due to their beauty, rusticity and versatility of use. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the post-harvest quality and durability of safflower flower stems treated with different pre-cooling periods and preservative solutions. The experiment was conducted with a completely randomized design, organized in a 3x7 factorial scheme (pre-cooling periods and preservative solutions), with four replications, and each experimental unit consisted of five flower stems. The average diameters of the inflorescences and stems were evaluated, as well as the durability of a healthy and marketable aspect. It was observed that the durability of the safflower flower stems was favored with pre-cooling, and when combined with different preservative solutions, they present up to 12 days of pot life. Recommended treatment is a combination of preservative solution containing distilled water + 20 mg L-1 of citric acid and a pre-cooling period of 24 h.","PeriodicalId":38570,"journal":{"name":"Comunicata Scientiae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41727187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Gurski, Pablo Melo Hoffmann, André Cesar Furlaneto Sampaio, Christopher Thomas Blum, Marcos Bergmann Carlucci, Alessandro Camargo Angelo, M. Borgo, S. J. Velazco
Feijoa sellowiana (O.Berg) O. Berg is an ornamental and food plant, as well as an important species for ecological restoration and landscaping that still requires much research before consolidating it in the tropical market. To understand if the implementation of techniques focusing on improving fruit production at its wild condition would affect the species’ development, we planted 216 saplings of various mother trees in an incomplete factorial block design applied in nine treatments. We tested formative aerial pruning (drastic intensity), fertilization (chemical and organic), and the effect of controlled fires prior to planting. We evaluated biomass alterations by systematically measuring the third sapling of each treatment, quantifying fresh and dry matter in two periods. We also measured changes in height (H), root collar diameter (RCD), and the H/RCD ratio. We carried out nine measurements during 27 months and used linear mixed-effects models to consolidate the long-term evaluation. Our results indicate a positive effect from the organic fertilization on the plants’ height, a momentary increase in RCD caused by programmed fires, and an increase in the H/RCD ratio due to formative aerial pruning (increasing resistance). Fertilization did not accelerate the increase in RCD and had no effect on the H/RCD ratio.
{"title":"fertilization, pruning and controlled fires on the growth of Feijoa sellowiana (O. Berg) O. Berg.","authors":"E. Gurski, Pablo Melo Hoffmann, André Cesar Furlaneto Sampaio, Christopher Thomas Blum, Marcos Bergmann Carlucci, Alessandro Camargo Angelo, M. Borgo, S. J. Velazco","doi":"10.14295/cs.v14.3951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/cs.v14.3951","url":null,"abstract":"Feijoa sellowiana (O.Berg) O. Berg is an ornamental and food plant, as well as an important species for ecological restoration and landscaping that still requires much research before consolidating it in the tropical market. To understand if the implementation of techniques focusing on improving fruit production at its wild condition would affect the species’ development, we planted 216 saplings of various mother trees in an incomplete factorial block design applied in nine treatments. We tested formative aerial pruning (drastic intensity), fertilization (chemical and organic), and the effect of controlled fires prior to planting. We evaluated biomass alterations by systematically measuring the third sapling of each treatment, quantifying fresh and dry matter in two periods. We also measured changes in height (H), root collar diameter (RCD), and the H/RCD ratio. We carried out nine measurements during 27 months and used linear mixed-effects models to consolidate the long-term evaluation. Our results indicate a positive effect from the organic fertilization on the plants’ height, a momentary increase in RCD caused by programmed fires, and an increase in the H/RCD ratio due to formative aerial pruning (increasing resistance). Fertilization did not accelerate the increase in RCD and had no effect on the H/RCD ratio.","PeriodicalId":38570,"journal":{"name":"Comunicata Scientiae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49086542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A formação de mudas apresenta reflexo sobre o desempenho da cultura, podendo ser influenciada pelo substrato utilizado. A utilização de composto bokashi e resíduos orgânicos pode alterar características do produto e influenciar no desenvolvimento das mudas. Dessa forma, o estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de resíduos orgânicos e composto fermentado bokashi no desenvolvimento de mudas de couve-flor. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 5x2, sendo cinco condições de resíduos agrícolas (controle (sem resíduos), resíduo de café, resíduo de erva-mate, resíduo de milho e mistura de resíduos (café, erva-mate e milho)) duas condições de adição de bokashi (com (5%) e sem) e 18 repetições. A semeadura da couve-flor foi realizada em bandejas de polietileno, sendo mantidas em ambiente protegido durante 30 dias. Foram avaliadas a massa fresca e seca da parte aérea (caule e folhas), número de folhas por muda, conteúdo relativo de água (CRA) nas folhas e pigmentos foliares. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e comparação de médias pelo teste Tukey, análise multivariada e correlação linear. O composto bokashi melhorou o desenvolvimento das mudas de couve-flor. A adição dos resíduos agrícolas apresentou eficiência apenas quando incorporada com bokashi. Ao utilizar resíduos no substrato, o melhor desempenho foi obtido para utilização da mistura de resíduos.
{"title":"Resíduos orgânicos e composto fermentado bokashi no desenvolvimento de mudas de couve-flor","authors":"Gabriela Cristina Ghuidotti, Gustavo Soares Wenneck, Reni Saath, Larissa Leite de Araújo, Gustavo Lopes Pereira, Nathália de Oliveira Sá, Amanda Weiss Ziglioli, Raissa Presotto Bertolo","doi":"10.14295/cs.v14.3900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/cs.v14.3900","url":null,"abstract":"A formação de mudas apresenta reflexo sobre o desempenho da cultura, podendo ser influenciada pelo substrato utilizado. A utilização de composto bokashi e resíduos orgânicos pode alterar características do produto e influenciar no desenvolvimento das mudas. Dessa forma, o estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de resíduos orgânicos e composto fermentado bokashi no desenvolvimento de mudas de couve-flor. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 5x2, sendo cinco condições de resíduos agrícolas (controle (sem resíduos), resíduo de café, resíduo de erva-mate, resíduo de milho e mistura de resíduos (café, erva-mate e milho)) duas condições de adição de bokashi (com (5%) e sem) e 18 repetições. A semeadura da couve-flor foi realizada em bandejas de polietileno, sendo mantidas em ambiente protegido durante 30 dias. Foram avaliadas a massa fresca e seca da parte aérea (caule e folhas), número de folhas por muda, conteúdo relativo de água (CRA) nas folhas e pigmentos foliares. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e comparação de médias pelo teste Tukey, análise multivariada e correlação linear. O composto bokashi melhorou o desenvolvimento das mudas de couve-flor. A adição dos resíduos agrícolas apresentou eficiência apenas quando incorporada com bokashi. Ao utilizar resíduos no substrato, o melhor desempenho foi obtido para utilização da mistura de resíduos.","PeriodicalId":38570,"journal":{"name":"Comunicata Scientiae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48421893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Rodrigues Filho, Enes Follador Nogueira, H. França, Viviana Borges Corte, Idalina Tereza de Almeida Leite Perin, Rodolpho Henrique Waichert
The increased demand for food promotes greater use of agricultural inputs and pesticides used in pest control. Many of these products have negative environmental and public health impacts. Thus, there is a need for alternative products, with allelopathic capacity that reduce such impacts. The objective of this work was to verify the allelopathic potential of Piper nigrum L. extracts on the germination and initial growth of Panicum maximum Jacq. and Lactuca sativa seeds. The experimental design used was completely randomized, using two plant organs (leaf and seed), three extractors (hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol) and five concentrations (0 mg/L, 200 mg/L, 400 mg/L, 600 mg/L and 800 mg/L). It was verified the influence of these extracts on germination speed index (IVG), germination percentage (G), mean germination time (TMG), allelopathy index (IA), shoot growth (CPA) and in the root growth (CR) of seeds and seedlings. The leaf and seed extracts, at all concentrations and extractors tested, did not show phytotoxicity or had a very small inhibitory effect on germination and initial growth of Lactuca sativa. For Panicum maximum, ethyl acetate and methanol seed extracts, at the highest concentrations tested, had the most significant negative effects on the weed. Thus, it was possible to infer that extracts from Piper nigrum seeds have potential use in the control of the weed Panicum maximum.
{"title":"Piper nigrum allelopathy on the germination and initial growth of Lactuca sativa and Panicum maximum","authors":"J. Rodrigues Filho, Enes Follador Nogueira, H. França, Viviana Borges Corte, Idalina Tereza de Almeida Leite Perin, Rodolpho Henrique Waichert","doi":"10.14295/cs.v14.3878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/cs.v14.3878","url":null,"abstract":"The increased demand for food promotes greater use of agricultural inputs and pesticides used in pest control. Many of these products have negative environmental and public health impacts. Thus, there is a need for alternative products, with allelopathic capacity that reduce such impacts. The objective of this work was to verify the allelopathic potential of Piper nigrum L. extracts on the germination and initial growth of Panicum maximum Jacq. and Lactuca sativa seeds. The experimental design used was completely randomized, using two plant organs (leaf and seed), three extractors (hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol) and five concentrations (0 mg/L, 200 mg/L, 400 mg/L, 600 mg/L and 800 mg/L). It was verified the influence of these extracts on germination speed index (IVG), germination percentage (G), mean germination time (TMG), allelopathy index (IA), shoot growth (CPA) and in the root growth (CR) of seeds and seedlings. The leaf and seed extracts, at all concentrations and extractors tested, did not show phytotoxicity or had a very small inhibitory effect on germination and initial growth of Lactuca sativa. For Panicum maximum, ethyl acetate and methanol seed extracts, at the highest concentrations tested, had the most significant negative effects on the weed. Thus, it was possible to infer that extracts from Piper nigrum seeds have potential use in the control of the weed Panicum maximum.","PeriodicalId":38570,"journal":{"name":"Comunicata Scientiae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42860373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paula Juliana Grotto Débia, Carla Marcondes Castanheira, Olívia Diulen Costa Brito, Beatriz Cervejeira Bolanho Barros, C. R. Dias-Arieira
Beetroot is rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds, such as, betalains and phenolics. The objective of this work was to analyze the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of beetroot parasitized by Meloidogyne javanica and treated with elicitors. Beet seedlings were inoculated with 1000 eggs and second-stage juveniles of M. javanica and treated with elicitors based on mannan oligosaccharides, citrus biomass, or acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM). At 60 days after inoculation, plants were evaluated for nematode reproduction factor (RF), proximate composition, betalains, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity. Beetroot was found to be susceptible to M. javanica, with RF values ranging from 15.26 to 27.94. ASM and citrus biomass treatments increased ash content by 15–25% in nematode-inoculated plants. There was no treatment effect on moisture or protein content, but uninoculated plants had higher total phenolic content (~35%) than inoculated plants. Nematode infection was found to compromise betalain production but did not impact antioxidant activity. Nematode-inoculated plants showed reduced sucrose content and increased glucose and fructose levels in all treatments. Regardless of the elicitor used, beetroots inoculated M. javanica exhibit deformities that render them unmarketable in fresh form. However, the results indicate that nematode-infected beetroot may be suitable for industrial processing and compound extraction.
{"title":"Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of beetroot parasitized by Meloidogyne javanica and treated with elicitors","authors":"Paula Juliana Grotto Débia, Carla Marcondes Castanheira, Olívia Diulen Costa Brito, Beatriz Cervejeira Bolanho Barros, C. R. Dias-Arieira","doi":"10.14295/cs.v14.3930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/cs.v14.3930","url":null,"abstract":"Beetroot is rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds, such as, betalains and phenolics. The objective of this work was to analyze the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of beetroot parasitized by Meloidogyne javanica and treated with elicitors. Beet seedlings were inoculated with 1000 eggs and second-stage juveniles of M. javanica and treated with elicitors based on mannan oligosaccharides, citrus biomass, or acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM). At 60 days after inoculation, plants were evaluated for nematode reproduction factor (RF), proximate composition, betalains, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity. Beetroot was found to be susceptible to M. javanica, with RF values ranging from 15.26 to 27.94. ASM and citrus biomass treatments increased ash content by 15–25% in nematode-inoculated plants. There was no treatment effect on moisture or protein content, but uninoculated plants had higher total phenolic content (~35%) than inoculated plants. Nematode infection was found to compromise betalain production but did not impact antioxidant activity. Nematode-inoculated plants showed reduced sucrose content and increased glucose and fructose levels in all treatments. Regardless of the elicitor used, beetroots inoculated M. javanica exhibit deformities that render them unmarketable in fresh form. However, the results indicate that nematode-infected beetroot may be suitable for industrial processing and compound extraction.","PeriodicalId":38570,"journal":{"name":"Comunicata Scientiae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49427739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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