Angelita Gude Butzke, Rychaellen Silva de Brito, Romeu De Carvalho Andrade Neto, Aureny Maria Pereira Lunz, Sergio Da Silva Fiuza, Reginaldo Almeida Andrade
O sucesso para a implementação de açaizeiro solteiro em forma de monocultivo está atrelado ao cuidado referente a qualidade e sanidade da muda. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar a influência de nitrogênio e potássio para a produção de mudas de Euterpe precatoria Mart. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 5x5, sendo o primeiro fator as doses de nitrogênio (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 mg dm-3 de N) e o segundo de potássio (0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 mg dm-3 de K), ambos aplicados de forma parcelada, 20, 40 e 40%. Aos 300 dias após a repicagem foram avaliados: altura da muda, diâmetro do coleto, número de folhas ativas, massa seca da raiz, da parte aérea e total e, posteriormente o índice de qualidade de Dickson. Os dados foram submetidos a análise univariada e posterior análise de regressão. Observou-se efeito significativo apenas para as dosagens de N, com resposta linear positiva para todas as variáveis analisadas. Desta forma, as doses de nitrogênio influenciam no crescimento e na qualidade de mudas de E. precatoria aos 300 dias após repicagem; a adubação potássica para mudas de E. precatoria na fase de viveiro não se mostrou responsiva para nenhuma variável; além disso, não se verificou interação entre as doses de N e K no crescimento de mudas de E. precatoria aos 300 dias após repicagem e mudas submetidas a doses crescentes de nitrogênio são responsivas, possuindo bons atributos morfológicos.
{"title":"Produção de mudas de Euterpe precatoria Mart. em resposta a diferentes dosagens de nitrogênio e potássio","authors":"Angelita Gude Butzke, Rychaellen Silva de Brito, Romeu De Carvalho Andrade Neto, Aureny Maria Pereira Lunz, Sergio Da Silva Fiuza, Reginaldo Almeida Andrade","doi":"10.14295/cs.v14.4000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/cs.v14.4000","url":null,"abstract":"O sucesso para a implementação de açaizeiro solteiro em forma de monocultivo está atrelado ao cuidado referente a qualidade e sanidade da muda. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar a influência de nitrogênio e potássio para a produção de mudas de Euterpe precatoria Mart. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 5x5, sendo o primeiro fator as doses de nitrogênio (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 mg dm-3 de N) e o segundo de potássio (0, 40, 80, 120 e 160 mg dm-3 de K), ambos aplicados de forma parcelada, 20, 40 e 40%. Aos 300 dias após a repicagem foram avaliados: altura da muda, diâmetro do coleto, número de folhas ativas, massa seca da raiz, da parte aérea e total e, posteriormente o índice de qualidade de Dickson. Os dados foram submetidos a análise univariada e posterior análise de regressão. Observou-se efeito significativo apenas para as dosagens de N, com resposta linear positiva para todas as variáveis analisadas. Desta forma, as doses de nitrogênio influenciam no crescimento e na qualidade de mudas de E. precatoria aos 300 dias após repicagem; a adubação potássica para mudas de E. precatoria na fase de viveiro não se mostrou responsiva para nenhuma variável; além disso, não se verificou interação entre as doses de N e K no crescimento de mudas de E. precatoria aos 300 dias após repicagem e mudas submetidas a doses crescentes de nitrogênio são responsivas, possuindo bons atributos morfológicos.","PeriodicalId":38570,"journal":{"name":"Comunicata Scientiae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47282012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bruna Letícias Dias, M. Dalcin, P. F. Costa, P. Santos, R. R. D. Sousa, Felipe Rocha Dias, D. D. S. C. Mourão, G. R. Santos
As plantas apresentam mecanismos complexos de defesa estrutural e bioquímica que podem ser ativados antes ou após o ataque de microrganismos fitopatogênicos. Dentre esses mecanismos, estão as proteínas relacionadas à patogênese (PRP) e a resposta hipersensível através da produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO), as quais auxiliam na defesa contra os fitopatógenos e redução da toxicidade dos radicais livres. A ativação deste sistema pode ser por fatores bióticos ou abióticos que podem estimular a atividade bioquímica, denominadas substâncias elicitoras, como óleos essenciais e seus constituintes. Estudos na área são necessários para aprofundar conhecimento e atingir a viabilidade técnica e econômica de seu uso em benefício da agricultura sustentável. Objetivou-se avaliar a atividade enzimática de plantas de meloeiro submetidas à aplicação de óleo essencial de noni (OE) e ácido octanóico (AO). Foram testadas diferentes concentrações dos tratamentos e como testemunhas: fungicida Cerconil® (0,2%) e estimulante vegetal Yantra®. As enzimas com atividade avaliada foram superóxido dismutase (SOD), quitinase (QUIT), ascorbato peroxidase (APX) e catalase (CAT). O ácido octanóico (0,1%) e óleo essencial (0,5%) foram os maiores ativadores da SOD dentre os tratamentos testados. A APX teve sua produção aumentada pela aplicação de ácido octanóico à 0,1%. O OE foi o maior ativador da CAT na concentração de 2%. Confirmando a atividade dos metabólitos secundários de Morinda citrifolia como ativadores do sistema de defesa e provável ação imediata contra microrganismos. Considerando assim compostos potenciais para o desenvolvimento de um bioproduto como substituto de defensivos agrícolas. Palavras-chave: bioprodutos, compostos naturais, Cucumis melo L., espécies reativas de oxigênio, óleo essencial.
{"title":"Compostos de Morinda citrifolia como indutores de respostas bioquímicas em plantas de melão.","authors":"Bruna Letícias Dias, M. Dalcin, P. F. Costa, P. Santos, R. R. D. Sousa, Felipe Rocha Dias, D. D. S. C. Mourão, G. R. Santos","doi":"10.14295/cs.v14.3919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/cs.v14.3919","url":null,"abstract":"As plantas apresentam mecanismos complexos de defesa estrutural e bioquímica que podem ser ativados antes ou após o ataque de microrganismos fitopatogênicos. Dentre esses mecanismos, estão as proteínas relacionadas à patogênese (PRP) e a resposta hipersensível através da produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO), as quais auxiliam na defesa contra os fitopatógenos e redução da toxicidade dos radicais livres. A ativação deste sistema pode ser por fatores bióticos ou abióticos que podem estimular a atividade bioquímica, denominadas substâncias elicitoras, como óleos essenciais e seus constituintes. Estudos na área são necessários para aprofundar conhecimento e atingir a viabilidade técnica e econômica de seu uso em benefício da agricultura sustentável. Objetivou-se avaliar a atividade enzimática de plantas de meloeiro submetidas à aplicação de óleo essencial de noni (OE) e ácido octanóico (AO). Foram testadas diferentes concentrações dos tratamentos e como testemunhas: fungicida Cerconil® (0,2%) e estimulante vegetal Yantra®. As enzimas com atividade avaliada foram superóxido dismutase (SOD), quitinase (QUIT), ascorbato peroxidase (APX) e catalase (CAT). O ácido octanóico (0,1%) e óleo essencial (0,5%) foram os maiores ativadores da SOD dentre os tratamentos testados. A APX teve sua produção aumentada pela aplicação de ácido octanóico à 0,1%. O OE foi o maior ativador da CAT na concentração de 2%. Confirmando a atividade dos metabólitos secundários de Morinda citrifolia como ativadores do sistema de defesa e provável ação imediata contra microrganismos. Considerando assim compostos potenciais para o desenvolvimento de um bioproduto como substituto de defensivos agrícolas. \u0000 \u0000Palavras-chave: bioprodutos, compostos naturais, Cucumis melo L., espécies reativas de oxigênio, óleo essencial.","PeriodicalId":38570,"journal":{"name":"Comunicata Scientiae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41794609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucas de Souza da Silva, M. C. D. Arruda, T. Dadazio, A. C. Firmino, I. Fischer
The target spot of cucurbits, caused by Corynespora cassiicola, occurs in several cultivated species, being considered an important disease on cucumbers. The objetive was to determine the cucumber response to the target leaf spot as a function of plant age, seeking a better understanding of the pathosystem in orderto avoid economic damages to producers. Cucumber ‘Soldier’ plants were inoculated at 20, 30 and 40 days after sowing. Disease severity was evaluated at three, six and nine days after inoculation of the pathogen; thenumber of leaves and plant height at intervals of 7 to 10 days after inoculation of the pathogen; the number and fresh mass of fruits and the fresh and dry mass of the aerial parts of the plants at 60 days after sowing. A lower disease severity was observed on younger leaves, on plants inoculated at 20 days of age from the sixthday of evaluation, with plants inoculated at 30 days being the most susceptible, reaching 64% disease severity after nine days of inoculation. The variables plant height, number of leaves and fruits, fruit production and fresh and dry mass of the aerial part of the plant were significantly affected by the age of the plant at the timeof inoculation of the pathogen C. cassiicola, with the lowest values, in general, in the youngest inoculated plants, at 20 days, while the 40-day-old plants had the least affected vegetative development and production, evidencing the importance of delaying the entry of the disease in the area.
{"title":"Response of cucumber to target spot as a function of plant age","authors":"Lucas de Souza da Silva, M. C. D. Arruda, T. Dadazio, A. C. Firmino, I. Fischer","doi":"10.14295/cs.v14.4007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/cs.v14.4007","url":null,"abstract":"The target spot of cucurbits, caused by Corynespora cassiicola, occurs in several cultivated species, being considered an important disease on cucumbers. The objetive was to determine the cucumber response to the target leaf spot as a function of plant age, seeking a better understanding of the pathosystem in orderto avoid economic damages to producers. Cucumber ‘Soldier’ plants were inoculated at 20, 30 and 40 days after sowing. Disease severity was evaluated at three, six and nine days after inoculation of the pathogen; thenumber of leaves and plant height at intervals of 7 to 10 days after inoculation of the pathogen; the number and fresh mass of fruits and the fresh and dry mass of the aerial parts of the plants at 60 days after sowing. A lower disease severity was observed on younger leaves, on plants inoculated at 20 days of age from the sixthday of evaluation, with plants inoculated at 30 days being the most susceptible, reaching 64% disease severity after nine days of inoculation. The variables plant height, number of leaves and fruits, fruit production and fresh and dry mass of the aerial part of the plant were significantly affected by the age of the plant at the timeof inoculation of the pathogen C. cassiicola, with the lowest values, in general, in the youngest inoculated plants, at 20 days, while the 40-day-old plants had the least affected vegetative development and production, evidencing the importance of delaying the entry of the disease in the area.","PeriodicalId":38570,"journal":{"name":"Comunicata Scientiae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49216105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
│. Bom, C. N. Lacerda, G. S. Lima, L. Almeida, Anjos Soares, H. Gheyi, P. Fernandes, Idelvan José da Silva
In the semi-arid region, the quality of water for irrigation stands out as a limiting factor for the expansion ofagriculture. Thus, it is extremely important to search for alternatives that minimize the effects of salt stress onplants. Foliar application of salicylic acid stands out among these strategies. In this context, the objective ofthis study was to evaluate the gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, and growth of guava as a function ofirrigation water salinity and exogenous application of salicylic acid in the post-grafting stage. The experimentwas conducted under greenhouse conditions, in a randomized block experimental design, in a 2 × 4 facto rialscheme, corresponding to two levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (0.6 and 3.2 dS m-1) and fourconcentrations of salicylic acid (0; 1.2; 2.4 and 3.6 mM), with three replicates. Irrigation with water of 3.2 dS m-1caused reductions in transpiration, CO2 assimilation rate, instantaneous water use efficiency and instantaneouscarboxylation efficiency of guava, at 150 days after transplanting. Water with electrical conductivity of 3.2 dSm-1 reduced the growth in stem diameter and the absolute and relative growth rates, as well as the relativewater content, and chlorophyll a and b contents of guava plants. The interaction between water salinity levelsand salicylic acid concentrations did not influence the physiological indices and growth of guava in the postgraftingphase.
{"title":"Salicylic acid does not alleviate salt stress on physiological indicators and growth of guava","authors":"│. Bom, C. N. Lacerda, G. S. Lima, L. Almeida, Anjos Soares, H. Gheyi, P. Fernandes, Idelvan José da Silva","doi":"10.14295/cs.v14.3888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/cs.v14.3888","url":null,"abstract":"In the semi-arid region, the quality of water for irrigation stands out as a limiting factor for the expansion ofagriculture. Thus, it is extremely important to search for alternatives that minimize the effects of salt stress onplants. Foliar application of salicylic acid stands out among these strategies. In this context, the objective ofthis study was to evaluate the gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, and growth of guava as a function ofirrigation water salinity and exogenous application of salicylic acid in the post-grafting stage. The experimentwas conducted under greenhouse conditions, in a randomized block experimental design, in a 2 × 4 facto rialscheme, corresponding to two levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (0.6 and 3.2 dS m-1) and fourconcentrations of salicylic acid (0; 1.2; 2.4 and 3.6 mM), with three replicates. Irrigation with water of 3.2 dS m-1caused reductions in transpiration, CO2 assimilation rate, instantaneous water use efficiency and instantaneouscarboxylation efficiency of guava, at 150 days after transplanting. Water with electrical conductivity of 3.2 dSm-1 reduced the growth in stem diameter and the absolute and relative growth rates, as well as the relativewater content, and chlorophyll a and b contents of guava plants. The interaction between water salinity levelsand salicylic acid concentrations did not influence the physiological indices and growth of guava in the postgraftingphase.","PeriodicalId":38570,"journal":{"name":"Comunicata Scientiae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47595849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Geazí Penha Pinto, Regina Lúcia Félix Ferreira, Sebastião Elviro de Araújo Neto, L. G. D. S. E. Souza, T. L. Uchôa, Lucas Machado, Nilciléia Mendes da Silva
A interferência de plantas espontâneas é um grande problema na olericultura, sendo necessárias técnicas viáveis para controle. Assim o objetivo deste trabalho avaliar o uso de coberturas de solo e tipos de semeadura na produtividade de cenoura orgânica. O experimento foi realizado no Acre, entre julho e setembro de 2018, utilizando-se a cultivar Brasília Irecê. Instalado no delineamento em blocos casualizados, em parcelas subdivididas 4 x 3, com quatro métodos de controle de plantas espontâneas: solo nu; cobertura morta vegetal; cobertura plástica “mulching” e solarização; e três tipos de semeadura: semeadura direta, semeadura indireta e sementes pré-germinadas. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 81 dias. A maior produtividade comercial orgânica foi obtida em solo com cobertura plástica mulching, em semeadura direta (44,87 t ha-1) e pré-germinada (44,39 t ha-1). Enquanto a solarização e a cobertura morta vegetal foram eficientes na produtividade comercial convencional. A supressão de plantas espontânea foi maior em solo protegido com cobertura, morta vegetal e plástica “mulching”. O uso de cobertura plástica “mulching”, aliada à semeadura direta e pré-germinada, eleva a produtividade de cenoura orgânica.
自发植物的干扰是蔬菜栽培中的一个主要问题，需要可行的技术来控制。因此，本研究的目的是评价土壤覆盖和播种类型对有机胡萝卜产量的影响。试验于2018年7月至9月在英亩进行，使用brasilia irece品种。安装在随机区组设计中，在4 × 3的分裂地块上，有4种控制自发植物的方法:裸露土壤;植被覆盖;塑料覆盖“覆盖”和日晒;三种播种方式:直接播种、间接播种和预发芽播种。评估在81天进行。塑料覆盖、免耕(44.87 t hm - 2)和预发芽(44.39 t hm - 2)土壤的有机商品生产力最高。而日晒和植被覆盖对常规商业生产力是有效的。在覆盖、植物死亡和塑料覆盖的保护土壤中，对自发植物的抑制更大。塑料覆盖层的使用，结合直接播种和预发芽，提高了有机胡萝卜的产量。
{"title":"Tipo de semeadura e controle de plantas espontâneas no cultivo orgânico de cenoura","authors":"Geazí Penha Pinto, Regina Lúcia Félix Ferreira, Sebastião Elviro de Araújo Neto, L. G. D. S. E. Souza, T. L. Uchôa, Lucas Machado, Nilciléia Mendes da Silva","doi":"10.14295/cs.v14.3995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/cs.v14.3995","url":null,"abstract":"A interferência de plantas espontâneas é um grande problema na olericultura, sendo necessárias técnicas viáveis para controle. Assim o objetivo deste trabalho avaliar o uso de coberturas de solo e tipos de semeadura na produtividade de cenoura orgânica. O experimento foi realizado no Acre, entre julho e setembro de 2018, utilizando-se a cultivar Brasília Irecê. Instalado no delineamento em blocos casualizados, em parcelas subdivididas 4 x 3, com quatro métodos de controle de plantas espontâneas: solo nu; cobertura morta vegetal; cobertura plástica “mulching” e solarização; e três tipos de semeadura: semeadura direta, semeadura indireta e sementes pré-germinadas. As avaliações foram realizadas aos 81 dias. A maior produtividade comercial orgânica foi obtida em solo com cobertura plástica mulching, em semeadura direta (44,87 t ha-1) e pré-germinada (44,39 t ha-1). Enquanto a solarização e a cobertura morta vegetal foram eficientes na produtividade comercial convencional. A supressão de plantas espontânea foi maior em solo protegido com cobertura, morta vegetal e plástica “mulching”. O uso de cobertura plástica “mulching”, aliada à semeadura direta e pré-germinada, eleva a produtividade de cenoura orgânica.","PeriodicalId":38570,"journal":{"name":"Comunicata Scientiae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45198359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guilherme Ferreira da Silva, Cristiano Geremias Hellwig, Caroline Farias Barreto, C. Martins, P. Mello-Farias
Pecan farming is a long-term investment which needs quality seedlings to establish an orchard. Pecan rootstocksmust have a vigorous radicular system to form quality seedlings. Liquid humus, which acts as an agent thatpromotes their growth and development, is a bioinput that is specially used in organic production systems.This study aimed at evaluating effects of different frequencies of liquid humus application on pecan rootstockgrowth and development in an organic system. Liquid humus at 30% was applied every 7, 14, 21 and 28 days.The control treatment consisted of water application. The experiment was carried out with ‘Barton’ rootstocksin a greenhouse at the Embrapa Clima Temperado located in Pelotas, RS, Brazil. The following variables wereevaluated 280 and 480 days after transplantation: plant height; stem diameter; leaf area; fresh and dry massesof the aerial part; main and secondary root lengths; fresh and dry masses of roots; fresh and dry masses of themain root; fresh and dry masses of secondary roots; and the Dickson Quality Index. Liquid humus increasedsecondary root length of pecan rootstocks, mainly when it was applied every seven days. Thus, the bioinputmay be used for this purpose.
{"title":"Growth of pecan rootstocks with the use of liquid humus in an organic production system","authors":"Guilherme Ferreira da Silva, Cristiano Geremias Hellwig, Caroline Farias Barreto, C. Martins, P. Mello-Farias","doi":"10.14295/cs.v14.3957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/cs.v14.3957","url":null,"abstract":"Pecan farming is a long-term investment which needs quality seedlings to establish an orchard. Pecan rootstocksmust have a vigorous radicular system to form quality seedlings. Liquid humus, which acts as an agent thatpromotes their growth and development, is a bioinput that is specially used in organic production systems.This study aimed at evaluating effects of different frequencies of liquid humus application on pecan rootstockgrowth and development in an organic system. Liquid humus at 30% was applied every 7, 14, 21 and 28 days.The control treatment consisted of water application. The experiment was carried out with ‘Barton’ rootstocksin a greenhouse at the Embrapa Clima Temperado located in Pelotas, RS, Brazil. The following variables wereevaluated 280 and 480 days after transplantation: plant height; stem diameter; leaf area; fresh and dry massesof the aerial part; main and secondary root lengths; fresh and dry masses of roots; fresh and dry masses of themain root; fresh and dry masses of secondary roots; and the Dickson Quality Index. Liquid humus increasedsecondary root length of pecan rootstocks, mainly when it was applied every seven days. Thus, the bioinputmay be used for this purpose.","PeriodicalId":38570,"journal":{"name":"Comunicata Scientiae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46526735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antônio Barbosa da Silva, Renan Cantalide de Souza, Jorge Luiz Xavier Lins Cunha, Lucas Alceu Rodrigues Lima, Luiz Eugênio Bulhões, João Virginio da Silva Neto
O trabalho teve como objetivo realizar o estudo fitossociológico e a determinar os períodos de interferência das plantas daninhas na cultura do abacaxi em função do espaçamento. As variáveis avaliadas da comunidade infestante foram: a frequência, densidade, abundância, índice de valor de importância e massa seca das plantas daninhas. Para os períodos de interferência foram determinadas a produtividade do abacaxizeiro e ºBrix dos frutos. As famílias botânicas Asteraceae e Poaceae foram que apresentaram o maior número de espécies de plantas daninhas. Digitaria insularis, Richardia grandiflora, Panicum maximum, Cyperus rotundus e Cencrus echinatus foram as principais plantas daninhas encontradas. O período anterior à interferência, período total de prevenção à interferência e período crítico de prevenção à interferência foram de 35 dias, 35 dias aos 365 dias e 330 dias após o plantio, respectivamente. A redução devido à interferência das plantas daninhas por todo o ciclo pode ser maior que 80% para a cultura do abacaxizeiro.
本研究旨在进行植物社会学研究，确定菠萝栽培中杂草干扰的时间与间距的关系。杂草群落评价变量为杂草频率、密度、丰度、重要值指数和干质量。在干扰期，测定了菠萝产量和果实Brixº。菊科和禾本科的杂草种类最多。发现的主要杂草为岛洋蓟、桔梗、最大圆锥、莎草圆花和棘球绦虫。干扰前、总抗干扰期和关键抗干扰期分别为种植后35 d、35 d ~ 365 d和330 d。在整个周期中，由于杂草干扰造成的菠萝作物减少量可达80%以上。
{"title":"Fitossociologia e períodos de interferência de plantas daninhas na cultura do abacaxizeiro cv. Pérola em função do espaçamento","authors":"Antônio Barbosa da Silva, Renan Cantalide de Souza, Jorge Luiz Xavier Lins Cunha, Lucas Alceu Rodrigues Lima, Luiz Eugênio Bulhões, João Virginio da Silva Neto","doi":"10.14295/cs.v14.3949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/cs.v14.3949","url":null,"abstract":"O trabalho teve como objetivo realizar o estudo fitossociológico e a determinar os períodos de interferência das plantas daninhas na cultura do abacaxi em função do espaçamento. As variáveis avaliadas da comunidade infestante foram: a frequência, densidade, abundância, índice de valor de importância e massa seca das plantas daninhas. Para os períodos de interferência foram determinadas a produtividade do abacaxizeiro e ºBrix dos frutos. As famílias botânicas Asteraceae e Poaceae foram que apresentaram o maior número de espécies de plantas daninhas. Digitaria insularis, Richardia grandiflora, Panicum maximum, Cyperus rotundus e Cencrus echinatus foram as principais plantas daninhas encontradas. O período anterior à interferência, período total de prevenção à interferência e período crítico de prevenção à interferência foram de 35 dias, 35 dias aos 365 dias e 330 dias após o plantio, respectivamente. A redução devido à interferência das plantas daninhas por todo o ciclo pode ser maior que 80% para a cultura do abacaxizeiro.","PeriodicalId":38570,"journal":{"name":"Comunicata Scientiae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47554475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. M. Araújo, M. S. Rodrigues, M. C. Capistrano, R. C. A. Andrade Neto, E. Mattar, A. M. P. Lunz
When associated an adequate shading and nutrition the seedlings to reach characteristics that allow them tosurvive in the field and increase production. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the production of Oenocarpusbataua seedlings in response to different shade environments and controlled-release fertilizer doses. Thestudy was carried out from at the Embrapa nursery located in the municipality of Rio Branco, Acre state. Theexperimental design was complete randomized blocks with three replications and six plants per plot. Thetreatments were distributed according to a 4 x 5 factorial scheme, i.e., four shade environments (20%, 30%, 50%and 75%) and five CRF doses (0.0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 kg m–3) mixed with the substrate. Biometric, biomass andquality variables were evaluated at 305 days after transplanting. The ANOVA was applied for the qualitativefactor and regression analysis was performed for the quantitative factor, both at 5% probability. The treatmentswere grouped by analyzing canonical variables, a multivariate statistical and realized the Pearson’s correlationbetween variables was determined through correlation networks. The shading environment and the controlledreleasefertilizer positively influenced the growth and quality of Oenocarpus bataua seedlings. The seedlings ofOenocarpus bataua have better biometric characteristics produced in a nursery with 50% shading. Oenocarpusbataua seedlings show better quality when 3.88 kg m-3 of controlled release fertilizer are used.
当与适当的遮荫和营养相结合时，幼苗会达到使其能够在田间存活并增加产量的特性。因此，本工作旨在评估Oenocarpusbataua幼苗在不同遮荫环境和控释肥料剂量下的产量。这项研究是在位于阿克里州里奥布兰科市的Embrapa幼儿园进行的。实验设计是完全随机的区块，每个区块有三个重复和六株植物。处理按照4 x 5析因方案进行分配，即四种遮荫环境（20%、30%、50%和75%）和五种CRF剂量（0.0、1.5、3.0、4.5和6.0 kg m–3）与基质混合。在移植后305天评估生物特征、生物量和质量变量。质量因子采用方差分析，定量因子采用回归分析，两者的概率均为5%。通过分析规范变量对治疗进行分组，这是一种多变量统计方法，并通过相关网络确定变量之间的皮尔逊相关性。遮荫环境和控释肥料对燕麦幼苗的生长和品质有积极影响。在遮荫率为50%的苗圃中生产的巴陶Oenocarpus幼苗具有更好的生物特征。施用3.88kg m-3的控释肥，可使早熟禾幼苗表现出较好的品质。
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Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues Donato, Alessandro De Magalhães Arantes, Alex Rodrigues Silva Soares, Maria Geralda Vilela Rodrigues, Marcelo Rocha dos Santos
The objective of this study was to evaluate the gas exchange and leaf area requirement for yield of six tall ‘Prata’ banana genotypes, under semi-arid conditions. The genotypes ‘Pacovan’ (AAB), ‘Pacovan Ken’ (AAAB), ‘Preciosa’ (AAAB), ‘Japira’ (AAAB), ‘PV79-34’ (AAAB) and ‘Garantida’ (AAAB) (four tetraploid hybrids and one triploid cultivar) were evaluated in two cycles, arranged in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme, with five replicates and four usable plants per plot. For the physiological characteristics, a 6 x 12 x 2 factorial arrangement was adopted, with six genotypes, 12 evaluation periods and two reading times in each period, arranged in a completely randomized design. Of the 12 phytotechnical characteristics measured, seven were influenced by the interaction between the factors cultivar and cycle. Internal CO2 concentration, net photosynthesis rate, instantaneous water use efficiency, carboxylation efficiency and quantum efficiency of photosynthesis recorded in banana leaves are higher in the morning, favored by higher stomatal conductance and lower leaf temperature resulting from the meteorological conditions, while transpiration and intrinsic water use efficiency increase in the afternoon. The hybrid ‘PV79-34’ has higher yield and production efficiency per unit of leaf area, associated with high transpiration, compared to the tall ‘Prata’ banana cultivars.
本研究的目的是评估半干旱条件下六种高“Prata”香蕉基因型产量的气体交换和叶面积需求。基因型“Pacovan”（AAB）、“Pacovan-Ken”（AAAB）、“Preciosa”（AAAB）、“Japira”（AAAB'）、“PV79-34'”（AAAB'）和“Garantida”（AAAB'）（四个四倍体杂交种和一个三倍体栽培种）在两个周期内进行评估，以析因方案的完全随机设计进行排列，每个地块有五个重复和四个可用植物。对于生理特征，采用了6 x 12 x 2的析因安排，六种基因型，12个评估期，每个周期两次阅读，以完全随机的设计进行安排。在测得的12个植物技术特征中，有7个受到品种和周期因素相互作用的影响。香蕉叶片记录的内部CO2浓度、净光合作用速率、瞬时水分利用效率、羧化效率和光合作用量子效率在早晨较高，受气象条件影响，气孔导度较高，叶片温度较低，而蒸腾作用和内在水分利用效率在下午增加。与高大的“Prata”香蕉品种相比，杂交品种“PV79-34”具有更高的产量和单位叶面积的生产效率，与高蒸腾作用有关。
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Débora Oliveira Gomes, Naiane Franciele Barreira de Melo, Rubson da Costa Leite, Flavio Henrique Santos Rodrigues, Gledson Luiz Salgado de Castro, Jessivaldo Rodrigues Galvão, Rafael Gomes Viana, Telma Fátima Vieira Batista
The use of biological control agents such as entomopathogenic fungi is an alternative for the control of kale(Brassica oleracea L.) defoliating caterpillars. The objective was to investigate the efficacy of entomopathogenicfungi of Amazon region in the control of defoliating caterpillars in kale and their impacts on the physiologicaland agronomic responses of the crop. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted in randomized blockdesign and completely randomized design, respectively. The treatments consisted in the application of isolatesof entomopathogenic fungi: Beauveria bassiana, Isaria sp., Metarhizium anisopliae and Trichoderma asperellum.The control treatment consisted of the application of an chemical insecticide based on deltamethrin.Variablesreferring to the development, yield and physiology of the plants were evaluated. Field results revealed thatplants treated with the fungi B. bassiana, M. anisopliae and T. asperellum showed levels of severity, number ofleaves and commercial yield that did not differ from the standard treatment; however, they showed a lowerpopulation density of the defoliating caterpillar complex. The application of the treatments with M. anisopliaeand chemical insecticide showed better photosynthetic performance. In greenhouse, the fungus T. asperellumprovided greater plant height and robustness index in relation to the treatment with chemical insecticide.The entomopathogenic fungi of Amazon region can be contributed to the integrated management of leafdefoliating caterpillars in kale. These microorganisms have similar efficiency with chemical insecticides, beingecologically and economically viable to mitigate the negative impacts caused by the systematic use ofchemicals.
{"title":"Productivity and physiology of kale inoculated with entomopathogenic fungi of Amazon region to control caterpilla","authors":"Débora Oliveira Gomes, Naiane Franciele Barreira de Melo, Rubson da Costa Leite, Flavio Henrique Santos Rodrigues, Gledson Luiz Salgado de Castro, Jessivaldo Rodrigues Galvão, Rafael Gomes Viana, Telma Fátima Vieira Batista","doi":"10.14295/cs.v14.3960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14295/cs.v14.3960","url":null,"abstract":"The use of biological control agents such as entomopathogenic fungi is an alternative for the control of kale(Brassica oleracea L.) defoliating caterpillars. The objective was to investigate the efficacy of entomopathogenicfungi of Amazon region in the control of defoliating caterpillars in kale and their impacts on the physiologicaland agronomic responses of the crop. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted in randomized blockdesign and completely randomized design, respectively. The treatments consisted in the application of isolatesof entomopathogenic fungi: Beauveria bassiana, Isaria sp., Metarhizium anisopliae and Trichoderma asperellum.The control treatment consisted of the application of an chemical insecticide based on deltamethrin.Variablesreferring to the development, yield and physiology of the plants were evaluated. Field results revealed thatplants treated with the fungi B. bassiana, M. anisopliae and T. asperellum showed levels of severity, number ofleaves and commercial yield that did not differ from the standard treatment; however, they showed a lowerpopulation density of the defoliating caterpillar complex. The application of the treatments with M. anisopliaeand chemical insecticide showed better photosynthetic performance. In greenhouse, the fungus T. asperellumprovided greater plant height and robustness index in relation to the treatment with chemical insecticide.The entomopathogenic fungi of Amazon region can be contributed to the integrated management of leafdefoliating caterpillars in kale. These microorganisms have similar efficiency with chemical insecticides, beingecologically and economically viable to mitigate the negative impacts caused by the systematic use ofchemicals.","PeriodicalId":38570,"journal":{"name":"Comunicata Scientiae","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46542346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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