Materials Science and Engineering: A最新文献_第2页

Strength-plasticity synergy in Ti-6Al-4V under high strain rate tension: interplay between strain hardening and dynamic recovery 高应变速率拉伸下Ti-6Al-4V的强度塑性协同作用：应变硬化与动态恢复的相互作用

IF 7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149813

Muhammad Farooq Saleem , Hao Li , Yong Xu , Muhammad Ali , Boris B. Khina , Shi-Hong Zhang , Artur I. Pokrovsky

This study systematically investigates the strain-rate-dependent deformation mechanism and microstructure evolution of Ti-6Al-4V alloy over a broad range of strain rates (0.001–4000 s⁻¹). Uniaxial tensile testing, combined with advanced electron microscopy techniques (SEM, EBSD, and TEM), was employed to study the behavior of the alloy. At low strain rates, the alloy exhibits conventional monotonic strain hardening accompanied by stable ductile fracture. However, as the strain rate increases, a noticeable transition in hardening behavior occurs, marked by a shift to more dynamic strain hardening and the emergence of a secondary hardening stage. This stage is dominated by localized deformation and intensified slip activity, reflected in the evolution of the microstructure. High-resolution EBSD mapping reveals that elevated strain rates increase α/β phase interactions and the density of geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs), which facilitates dynamic recovery and the formation of ultra-fine subgrains. This helps delay necking and improves tensile elongation (up to 18 % at 3828 s⁻¹). While rate-sensitive mechanisms primarily govern the enhancement in ductility, the adiabatic temperature rise further aids dynamic recovery. Fractographic analysis corroborates these findings, showing a shift from uniform dimples to layered delamination in the fracture surface. These results provide a comprehensive mechanics–microstructure framework for understanding strain-rate-dependent plasticity in dual-phase Ti alloys, offering valuable insights for engineering applications involving dynamic loading, such as aerospace impact-resistant structures, automotive crashworthy components, defense systems, and high-speed metal forming processes.

本研究系统地研究了Ti-6Al-4V合金在大应变速率范围内（0.001-4000 s−1）随应变速率变化的变形机制和显微组织演变。采用单轴拉伸试验，结合先进的电子显微镜技术（SEM， EBSD和TEM）研究了合金的行为。在低应变速率下，合金表现出常规的单调应变硬化，并伴有稳定的韧性断裂。然而，随着应变速率的增加，硬化行为发生了明显的转变，其标志是转向更动态的应变硬化和二次硬化阶段的出现。这一阶段以局部变形和滑移活动加剧为主，反映在微观结构的演变上。高分辨率EBSD图谱显示，应变速率的提高增加了α/β相相互作用和几何必要位错（GNDs）的密度，促进了动态恢复和超细亚晶粒的形成。这有助于延迟颈缩并提高拉伸伸长率（在3828 s−1时可达18%）。虽然速率敏感机制主要控制延性的增强，但绝热温升进一步有助于动态恢复。断口分析证实了这些发现，显示了裂缝表面从均匀的韧窝到分层的转变。这些结果为理解双相钛合金的应变率相关塑性提供了一个全面的力学-微观结构框架，为涉及动态加载的工程应用提供了有价值的见解，如航空航天抗冲击结构、汽车耐碰撞部件、国防系统和高速金属成形工艺。

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引用次数: 0

Delaying coarsening and suppressing recrystallization to increase the thermal stability of additively manufactured Cu alloy 延缓粗化，抑制再结晶，提高增材制造铜合金的热稳定性

IF 7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149849

Longxin Li, Qingjuan Wang, Fan Yang, Wen Wang, Kuaishe Wang

CuCrZr alloys are widely used in heat exchanger components, with thermal stability being one of their key performance indicators. As a precipitation-strengthened alloy, the enhancement in CuCrZr performance largely relies on the strengthening effect of nano-sized precipitates. However, at high temperatures, the premature coarsening of precipitates and the occurrence of recrystallization can significantly reduce strength. In this study, we developed an ultra-high strength, high electrical conductivity CuCrZr alloy using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) technology, which also exhibits exceptional thermal stability. Experimental results show that the high cooling rate of LPBF and the cellular solidification characteristic enabled a Supersaturated solid-solubility (1.82 wt%) of Cr in the Cu matrix and the formation of a large number of dislocation cells. Thanks to the uniform distribution of Cr precipitates (2–8 nm) after heat-treatment, the CuCrZr alloy demonstrates outstanding room-temperature properties, with the direct aging heat-treated (DAH) sample exhibiting a tensile strength of 762.4 MPa and an electrical conductivity of 63.3 %IACS, surpassing nearly all previously reported CuCrZr alloys in terms of comprehensive performance. Annealing experiments revealed that the DAH sample has a softening temperature exceeding 550 °C, which is superior to CuCrZr alloys made by traditional methods. Due to the similar sizes of precipitates in the supersaturated solid-solubility alloy after heat-treatment, the small interface energy difference results in an increased coarsening energy threshold. The strong pinning effect of the nano-sized precipitates on the grain boundaries inhibits grain growth and suppresses the occurrence and expansion of recrystallization.

CuCrZr合金广泛应用于换热器部件，热稳定性是其关键性能指标之一。CuCrZr作为一种析出强化合金，其性能的增强在很大程度上依赖于纳米析出相的强化作用。然而，在高温下，析出相的过早粗化和再结晶的发生会显著降低强度。在这项研究中，我们利用激光粉末床熔合（LPBF）技术开发了一种超高强度、高导电性的CuCrZr合金，该合金还具有优异的热稳定性。实验结果表明，LPBF的高冷却速率和细胞凝固特性使Cr在Cu基体中的固溶度达到过饱和（1.82 wt%），并形成了大量的位错细胞。由于热处理后Cr析出相分布均匀（2-8 nm）， CuCrZr合金表现出优异的室温性能，直接时效热处理（DAH）样品的抗拉强度为762.4 MPa，电导率为63.3% IACS，在综合性能方面超过了几乎所有先前报道的CuCrZr合金。退火实验表明，DAH样品的软化温度超过550℃，优于传统方法制备的CuCrZr合金。由于过饱和固溶性合金热处理后析出相尺寸相近，界面能差较小导致粗化能阈值增大。纳米析出物对晶界的强钉住作用抑制了晶粒的生长，抑制了再结晶的发生和扩展。

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引用次数: 0

Burn-resistant Ti-25V-15Cr alloy revisited: Laser 3D printing via in-situ alloying and the resultant evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties 重温耐烧Ti-25V-15Cr合金：原位合金化激光3D打印及其显微组织和力学性能的演变

IF 7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149832

Chunyang Lu , Dawei Wang , Hongqiang Qi , Hao Wang , Ming Yan

This study investigates the fabrication of Ti-25V-15Cr burn-resistant titanium alloy using laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) with in-situ alloying, overcoming cracking susceptibility in conventional casting/forging and cold working difficulties. Through optimization of PBF-LB process parameters, high-quality forming was achieved with a relative density exceeding 99.80 % and an alloy element melting rate of 96.79 %. The as-printed material exhibited a tensile strength (1185 MPa) over 10 % higher than its forged counterpart, but limited plasticity (elongation ε_f = 1.23 %). Subsequent solution heat treatment enhanced the comprehensive mechanical properties, increasing the elongation to 5.38 % while maintaining a tensile strength of 1137 MPa, alongside significant improvement in compositional homogeneity. Microstructural analysis revealed oxygen/nitrogen enrichment in α-Ti, causing lattice expansion that strengthened the α-phase but exacerbated α/β interfacial mismatch. Heat treatment induced the precipitation of α, ω, and orthorhombic O′ nano-phases from the β-phase. Continuous α-phase at grain boundaries and unmelted Cr particles were identified as crack initiation sites. Solution treatment at 900 °C coordinated the strength-ductility balance by eliminating residual strain, promoting grain polygonization, and enhancing compositional homogeneity. This research addresses the underexplored area of PBF-LB forming for burn-resistant titanium alloys via in-situ alloying and provides theoretical and technical support.

采用原位合金化激光粉末床熔合技术制备Ti-25V-15Cr耐烧钛合金，克服了传统铸造/锻造易开裂和冷加工的困难。通过对PBF-LB工艺参数的优化，获得了相对密度超过99.80%、合金元素熔化率达到96.79%的高质量成形。打印态材料的抗拉强度（1185 MPa）比锻造态材料高10%以上，但塑性有限（伸长率εf = 1.23%）。随后的固溶热处理提高了综合力学性能，伸长率提高到5.38%，同时抗拉强度保持在1137 MPa，同时显著改善了材料的成分均匀性。微观结构分析表明，α- ti中氧/氮富集，导致晶格膨胀，强化了α-相，但加剧了α/β界面失配。热处理诱导β相析出α、ω和正交O′纳米相。在晶界处连续α-相和未熔化的Cr颗粒被确定为裂纹起裂部位。900°C固溶处理通过消除残余应变、促进晶粒多角化和增强成分均匀性来协调强度-塑性平衡。本研究解决了原位合金化制备耐烧钛合金PBF-LB成形的研究不足，提供了理论和技术支持。

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引用次数: 0

Selective laser melting of bimodal-structured 2024Al alloy with enhanced strength-ductility synergy through duplex reinforcements 选择性激光熔化双模态2024Al合金，通过双相增强增强其强度-延性协同效应

IF 7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149831

Guofeng Liu , Runxia Li , Wa Li , Zheyu Yang , Zhenmin Wang , Biao Wang

To overcome the trade-off between strength and ductility, as well as poor printability of 2024Al alloy, we propose a simpler and cost-effective approach that combines bimodal structure and duplex reinforcements to fabricate crack-free 2024Al alloy with significantly refined grains through selective laser melting (SLM) in this study. The results indicate that the TC4- and TiB₂-modified 2024Al alloy exhibits a large crack resistance due to its reduced solidification crack index, minimized pressure drop of solidification, and significant grain refinement. Synergistic grain-refining mechanism arises from the L1₂-Al₃Ti particles offering the sites required for heterogeneous nucleation, Ti solute-controlled growth restriction, and dual growth restriction from both L1₂-Al₃Ti and TiB₂ particles. The resultant 2024Al alloy achieves ultimate tensile strength of 443 MPa, yield strength of 377 MPa, and elongation of 6.38 % respectively, as a result of the combined effects of crack inhibition and bimodal structure. Grain refinement strengthening related to the fraction and size of both coarse grains and fine grains makes the largest contribution to the outstanding strengthening. Fracture is ascribed to the combined effects of porosity coalescence and a large proportion of local porosity. This study offers new insights into enhancing the printability and mechanical properties of high-strength Al alloys during SLM.

为了克服2024Al合金强度和延展性之间的平衡以及印刷性能差的问题，本研究提出了一种更简单、更经济的方法，即结合双峰结构和双相增强，通过选择性激光熔化（SLM）制备晶粒明显细化的无裂纹2024Al合金。结果表明：TC4-和tib2改性的2024Al合金具有较好的抗裂性能，其凝固裂纹指数降低，凝固压降最小，晶粒细化明显；协同晶粒细化机制源于L12-Al3Ti颗粒提供了非均相成核所需的位置、Ti溶质控制的生长限制以及L12-Al3Ti和TiB2颗粒的双重生长限制。在裂纹抑制和双峰组织的共同作用下，2024Al合金的极限抗拉强度为443 MPa，屈服强度为377 MPa，延伸率为6.38%。晶粒细化强化与粗晶和细晶的分数和尺寸有关，对突出的强化贡献最大。裂缝是孔隙度聚结和大量局部孔隙度共同作用的结果。该研究为提高高强度铝合金在SLM过程中的可打印性和力学性能提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Investigating size-dependent strengthening and deformation in Ni-based alloy GH3535 single-crystal micropillars ni基合金GH3535单晶微柱尺寸依赖性强化变形研究

IF 7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149726

Halil Yilmaz

The properties of single crystal GH3535, a solid-solution strengthened Ni-based superalloy have been investigated in compression using micropillars with diameters ranging from 1000 to 3300 nm. Micropillars were fabricated from an EBSD identified [001]-oriented grain using a gallium focused ion beam (Ga-FIB), enabling the determination of resolved shear stress (RSS) on [111] glide planes. The GH3535 pillars exhibit a pronounced size effect, with strength increasing as the pillar size decreases, following a power-law relation with an exponent of −0.67. Deformation was primarily governed by the activation of the {111}<101> slip system, as evidenced by sharply defined slip traces and multiple parallel and non-parallel slip bands observed after compression. The observed size effect was compared with literature data for other Ni-based superalloys and for pure Ni, which serves as a reference for single-element face-centered cubic (fcc) metals. This measured size exponent aligns with the empirical trend observed in fcc metals, confirming that GH3535 material retains the fundamental size-dependent strengthening behavior of fcc materials.

采用直径为1000 ~ 3300 nm的微柱对单晶固溶强化镍基高温合金GH3535的压缩性能进行了研究。利用镓聚焦离子束（Ga-FIB）从EBSD鉴定的[001]取向晶粒中制备微柱，从而可以测定[111]滑动面上的分解剪切应力（RSS）。GH3535矿柱具有明显的尺寸效应，强度随矿柱尺寸的减小而增大，呈幂律关系，指数为- 0.67。变形主要受{111}<；101>；滑移系统的激活控制，在压缩后观察到明显的滑移痕迹和多条平行和非平行滑移带。将观察到的尺寸效应与其他镍基高温合金和纯镍的文献数据进行了比较，为单元素面心立方（fcc）金属提供了参考。该测量的尺寸指数与fcc金属中观察到的经验趋势一致，证实GH3535材料保留了fcc材料的基本尺寸相关强化行为。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of Cerium alloying on the microstructure, tensile, and high-cycle fatigue properties of A356 aluminum alloy 铈合金化对A356铝合金组织、拉伸和高周疲劳性能的影响

IF 7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149805

Haijian Yang , Ian Horder , David Weiss , Le Zhou

This study examines the effect of 1 wt% Ce addition and subsequent T6 heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of A356 aluminum alloy. The addition of 1 wt% Ce led to the formation of Al₂CeSi₂ intermetallics and refined the primary Al cells and the eutectic Si morphology. Additionally, fluoride- and oxide-based inclusions containing Al, Ce, and Si were observed predominantly in the interdendritic regions. Compared to as-cast A356, the 1 wt% Ce addition increased the yield strength from 92 MPa to 110 MPa. Following T6 heat treatment, precipitation hardening and spheroidization of eutectic Si further enhanced the yield strength to 217.7 MPa, while the high-cycle fatigue strength increased from 40 MPa to 70 MPa. T6 treatment did not produce observable changes in Al₂CeSi₂ intermetallics or fluoride and oxides. Fractographic analysis revealed that tensile fracture initiated and propagated along interdendritic region enriched with Al₂CeSi₂ intermetallics, eutectic Si and inclusions. Fatigue cracks primarily initiated at interdendritic casting defects and propagated radially through the Al cells, as evidenced by characteristic fatigue striations. These findings demonstrate that Ce addition, in combination with casting and heat treatment conditions, critically influences the microstructure and mechanical performance of cast Al-Si alloys.

本研究考察了添加1wt % Ce和随后的T6热处理对A356铝合金组织和力学性能的影响。添加1wt %的Ce可导致Al2CeSi2金属间化合物的形成，并使初生Al细胞和共晶Si形态得到细化。此外，在枝晶间区域主要观察到含有Al、Ce和Si的氟化物和氧化物基包裹体。与铸态A356相比，添加1wt %的Ce使屈服强度从92 MPa提高到110 MPa。经T6热处理后，共晶Si的析出硬化和球化进一步提高了屈服强度，达到217.7 MPa，高周疲劳强度从40 MPa提高到70 MPa。T6处理没有产生Al2CeSi2金属间化合物或氟化物和氧化物的明显变化。断口形貌分析表明，拉伸断口沿富含Al2CeSi2金属间化合物、共晶Si和夹杂物的枝晶间区萌生和扩展。疲劳裂纹主要起源于枝晶间铸造缺陷，并通过Al细胞呈放射状扩展，其特征为疲劳条纹。这些结果表明，Ce的添加量与铸造和热处理条件相结合，对铸造铝硅合金的组织和力学性能有重要影响。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of dislocation loops formed during cyclic deformation on the microstructural characteristics and mechanical behavior of 2524 aluminum alloy 循环变形过程中形成的位错环对2524铝合金组织特征和力学行为的影响

IF 7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149758

Liping Tian , Yong Zhang , Chuancai Wang , Liwei Quan , Hui Yu , Xu Zheng , Yi Yang

The current study investigates the effects of cyclic loading and the combined treatment of “cyclic deformation-thermal aging” on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 2524 aluminum alloy using transmission electron microscopy and tensile testing. The findings indicate that an increase in the number of cycles results in a reduction in both the size and quantity of intact dislocation loops, while promoting the formation of a higher density of irregular dislocation loops and tangles. After 400 cycles, distinct S-phase precipitates are observed on these loops, with S-phase variants 1–4 coexisting. As the number of deformation cycles increases, cyclic deformation significantly accelerates the alloy's aging response, leading to higher peak hardness and improved mechanical properties. Specifically, the peak hardness of the alloy subjected to 400 cycles of cyclic deformation followed by artificial aging increased by 26.4 % compared to the non-cycled alloy. This enhancement is attributed to the precipitation of numerous fine and uniformly distributed S-phase precipitates, which substantially enhance both yield and tensile strengths. In contrast, pre-aging prior to cyclic deformation results in a reduction in hardness and strength, as well as a delay in the peak aging response, primarily due to the formation of coarser S-phase precipitates.

采用透射电镜和拉伸试验研究了循环加载和“循环变形-热时效”复合处理对2524铝合金组织和力学性能的影响。研究结果表明，循环次数的增加导致完整位错环的大小和数量的减少，同时促进不规则位错环和缠结的形成。经过400次循环后，在这些循环上观察到明显的s相沉淀，其中s相变体1-4共存。随着变形循环次数的增加，循环变形显著加速了合金的时效响应，使合金的峰值硬度提高，力学性能得到改善。经过400次循环变形和人工时效处理后，合金的峰值硬度比未经过循环处理的合金提高了26.4%。这种增强是由于大量细小且均匀分布的s相析出，从而大大提高了屈服强度和抗拉强度。相反，在循环变形之前预时效会导致硬度和强度的降低，以及峰值时效响应的延迟，这主要是由于形成了更粗的s相沉淀。

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引用次数: 0

Precipitate-mediated suppression of serrated flow in VCoNi-based medium-entropy alloys by Al alloying Al合金化对vconi基中熵合金中锯齿状流动的抑制

IF 7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149814

Jin Tian , Quanwei Tian , Jiaxing Song , Sishuo Wang , Yi Liu , Shangshu Wu , Meng Wang , Ruoyu Liu , Shu Fu , Jianbo Pang

Serrated flow instability during high-temperature deformation undermines the service stability of structural components. While Al alloying is known to influence this instability, its reported effects are contradictory, either promoting or suppressing serrations without a clear mechanism basis. This work resolves this discrepancy by elucidating the impacts of deformation temperature and Al alloying on the serrated flow behavior of VCoNi-based medium entropy alloys. For VCoNi alloy, serrated flow intensifies then diminishes with increasing temperature, (VCoNi)₉₃Al₇ alloy shows a distinct suppression via the formation of large-size precipitates. The emergence of serrations is governed by precipitates and profuse stacking faults and microtwins, while the large-size precipitates assist the formation of heterogeneous structure and localized deformation, generating numerous microtwins and suppressing the serration. Thus, this study establishes that Al-induced precipitate engineering provides an effective microstructural strategy for mitigating serration instabilities, offering a novel design principle to control plasticity of alloys.

高温变形过程中的锯齿流失稳破坏了构件的使用稳定性。虽然已知Al合金会影响这种不稳定性，但其报道的影响是相互矛盾的，要么促进，要么抑制锯齿，没有明确的机制基础。本工作通过阐明变形温度和铝合金对vconi基中熵合金锯齿状流动行为的影响，解决了这一差异。对于VCoNi合金，随着温度的升高，锯齿状流动先增强后减弱，（VCoNi）93Al7合金通过形成大尺寸析出物表现出明显的抑制作用。锯齿纹的产生受析出相、大量堆积断层和微孪晶的控制，而大尺寸析出相有助于非均质组织和局部变形的形成，产生大量微孪晶，抑制锯齿纹的产生。因此，本研究确立了al诱导析出物工程为减轻锯齿形不稳定性提供了有效的微观组织策略，为控制合金塑性提供了一种新的设计原则。

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引用次数: 0

A novel in-situ heating approach to improve the mechanical performance and structural integrity of WAAM-fabricated components 一种新的原位加热方法，以提高waam制造部件的力学性能和结构完整性

IF 7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149808

Ozan Can Ozaner , Abhay Sharma , Tegoeh Tjahjowidodo , Reza Talemi

Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) offers significant advantages for the rapid fabrication of large metallic structures; however, it inherently suffers from mechanical anisotropy due to variable cooling rates and cumulative heat input along the build direction. In this study, the evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties along the build direction of stainless steel 309L components fabricated via WAAM was systematically characterized, with a focus on the effects of a novel in-situ heating approach aimed at improving mechanical performance and structural integrity. A novel in-situ heating system, operating synchronously with the welding torch, was introduced to locally manipulate cooling rates during deposition. Microstructural analysis revealed that conventional WAAM components predominantly exhibited lathy ferrite at the bottom regions, transitioning to skeletal ferrite and granular ferrite at higher locations. These microstructural variations resulted in significant hardness and tensile strength anisotropies. The in-situ heating approach effectively modified the solidification pathways, promoting the formation of more favorable ferritic structures and reducing property variations. As a result, the anisotropy in tensile strength decreased from 17.8 % to 8.82 %, elongation improved by approximately 38 %, and fatigue life at high stress levels nearly doubled. Despite persistent porosity-related challenges, the findings demonstrate that in-situ heating provides a promising pathway for tailoring thermal histories, improving mechanical homogeneity, and advancing the capabilities of WAAM technologies.

电弧增材制造（WAAM）为快速制造大型金属结构提供了显著的优势；然而，由于不同的冷却速率和沿着构建方向的累积热量输入，它固有地受到机械各向异性的影响。在本研究中，系统地表征了通过WAAM制备的不锈钢309L构件的微观结构和力学性能沿构建方向的演变，重点研究了旨在提高力学性能和结构完整性的新型原位加热方法的影响。引入了一种新型的原位加热系统，与焊枪同步操作，在沉积过程中局部控制冷却速度。显微组织分析表明，常规WAAM组件在底部主要表现为板状铁素体，在较高的位置过渡为骨架铁素体和粒状铁素体。这些微观结构的变化导致了显著的硬度和抗拉强度各向异性。原位加热方法有效地改变了凝固路径，促进了更有利的铁素体组织的形成，减少了性能变化。结果，拉伸强度的各向异性从17.8%下降到8.82%，延伸率提高了约38%，高应力水平下的疲劳寿命几乎翻了一番。尽管存在与孔隙度相关的挑战，但研究结果表明，原位加热为定制热历史、改善机械均匀性和提高WAAM技术的能力提供了一条有前途的途径。

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引用次数: 0

IF 7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149830

S. Razzaq , B.S. Dong , Z.X. Pan , S. Primig , N. Haghdadi , H. Li , B. Wu , S.P. Ringer , X.Z. Liao

Dissimilar metals joined by additive manufacturing can substitute for conventionally produced dissimilar components by using fusion welding techniques, thereby preventing localized degradation of mechanical properties that occurs during post-processing. In recent years, wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has gained popularity due to its high deposition rates, which enable the production of large, near-net-shaped components, thus reducing manufacturing time and costs. The WAAM processing parameters and deposition strategy have significant impacts on the mechanical properties of materials; however, these impacts have not yet been well understood. In this study, structural components with stainless steel (SS) 316L and Nimonic 90 (a NiCrCo-based alloy) dissimilar materials were manufactured using WAAM. Two types of joining strategies were used: one (Type I) is depositing one material on top of the other material, and the other (Type II) is simultaneous printing of the two materials on the same layers. Microstructural analysis and mechanical property testing revealed that both approaches resulted in well metallurgically bonded interfaces, free from defects such as cracking, porosity, and lack of fusion. The Fe-Ni intermixing created a gradient of Fe-Ni solid solution, enhancing interface strength. Electron backscatter diffraction analysis showed continuous crystal growth across the interfaces, attributed to the similar crystal structures and lattice parameters of the materials. The dissimilar interface of the Type II samples exhibited higher hardness, due to the formation of titanium carbide precipitates and a broader transition zone, than that of the Type I sample. Tensile testing further indicated superior mechanical behaviour in the Type II interface due to the interlocking microstructure, contributing to a robust bond at the interface. These findings suggest that the Type II interface design provides a more effective approach for dissimilar joining of Nimonic 90 and SS 316L, offering enhanced strength and hardness compared to the Type I interface configuration.

通过增材制造连接的异种金属可以通过使用熔焊技术替代传统生产的异种部件，从而防止后处理过程中发生的局部机械性能退化。近年来，线弧增材制造（WAAM）由于其高沉积速率而受到欢迎，可以生产大型近网形部件，从而减少制造时间和成本。WAAM工艺参数和沉积策略对材料的力学性能有显著影响；然而，这些影响还没有被很好地理解。在本研究中，使用WAAM制造了不锈钢（SS） 316L和Nimonic 90 （nicrco基合金）异种材料的结构部件。使用了两种类型的连接策略：一种（类型I）是在另一种材料上沉积一种材料，另一种（类型II）是在同一层上同时打印两种材料。显微组织分析和力学性能测试表明，这两种方法都可以获得良好的冶金结合界面，没有裂纹、孔隙和缺乏熔合等缺陷。Fe-Ni混合形成Fe-Ni固溶体梯度，增强了界面强度。电子背散射衍射分析表明，由于材料的晶体结构和晶格参数相似，晶体在界面上连续生长。由于碳化钛析出相的形成和过渡区较宽，II型试样的异质界面硬度高于I型试样。拉伸测试进一步表明，由于联锁微观结构，II型界面具有优异的力学性能，有助于界面上的牢固结合。这些结果表明，II型接口设计为Nimonic 90和SS 316L的不同连接提供了更有效的方法，与I型接口配置相比，提供了更高的强度和硬度。

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引用次数: 0