Materials Science and Engineering: A最新文献_第6页

Microstructural evaluation and mechanical properties of semi-solid cast AZ91 and AZ91-1%Ca magnesium alloy through rotating container process 旋转容器法半固态铸造AZ91及AZ91-1% ca镁合金的显微组织及力学性能评价

IF 7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149896

E. Ghaniabadi, S.G. Shabestari, E. Heidari

The semi-solid rheocast method along with the applying shear stress has been used to create a non-dendritic morphology of AZ91 alloy. By performing thermal analysis during the semi-solid process, the relationship between temperature, shear stress, and solid fraction was determined. The metallographic results confirmed the creation of a non-dendritic microstructure with container rotation speeds of 180 RPM and 210 RPM. The mechanism behind the formation of the non-dendritic morphology involved the generation of an effective displacement fluid flow, which increased the number of the nuclei. This, in turn, facilitated multidirectional growth of the initial dendrites, reduced thermal and concentration gradients, and re-melted the roots of the secondary dendrite arms.

The highest sphericity of non-dendritic grains (0.72), along with the greatest surface density and smallest grain size, was achieved by applying shear stress to the semi-solid mixture at a speed of 180 RPM, up to a temperature of 585 °C. Under the same conditions, the compressive ultimate strength, yield strength, and toughness of the impact test have increased by 25%, 33%, and 49%, respectively. Adding 1% calcium to AZ91 has increased the ultimate strength, yield, and impact toughness by 26%, 57%, and 48%, respectively. By incorporating 1% calcium while applying the semi-solid process under optimal conditions, the ultimate strength, yield strength, and toughness increased by 50%, 88%, and 85%, respectively. A significant finding of this research is the simultaneous enhancement of strength and ductility, resulting in a substantial increase in toughness. In fact, when the rotating container process (RCP) was applied under optimal conditions to both the AZ91 and AZ91-1Ca alloys, the samples exhibited an energy absorption that was 49% and 85% higher, respectively, than that of fractured samples subjected to impact loads.

采用半固态流变铸造法和施加剪切应力的方法制备了AZ91合金的非枝晶形貌。通过对半固态过程进行热分析，确定了温度、剪切应力和固相含量之间的关系。金相结果证实，当容器转速为180转/分和210转/分时，形成了非枝晶组织。非枝晶形态形成背后的机制涉及有效置换流体流动的产生，这增加了核的数量。这反过来又促进了初始枝晶的多向生长，降低了热梯度和浓度梯度，并重新熔化了次级枝晶臂的根部。在转速为180转/分、温度为585℃的条件下，对半固态混合物施加剪切应力，获得了最高的非枝晶晶粒球形度（0.72）、最大的表面密度和最小的晶粒尺寸。在相同条件下，冲击试验的抗压极限强度、屈服强度和韧性分别提高了25%、33%和49%。在AZ91中添加1%的钙，AZ91的极限强度、屈服和冲击韧性分别提高了26%、57%和48%。在最佳条件下，在半固态工艺中加入1%的钙，合金的极限强度、屈服强度和韧性分别提高了50%、88%和85%。本研究的一个重要发现是强度和延性的同时增强，从而导致韧性的大幅增加。事实上，当旋转容器工艺（RCP）在最佳条件下应用于AZ91和AZ91- 1ca合金时，样品的能量吸收分别比受冲击载荷作用的断裂样品高49%和85%。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic strengthening and toughening in Mg-doped Cu-15Ni-8Sn as-cast alloy: inhibition of discontinuous precipitation 掺镁Cu-15Ni-8Sn铸态合金的协同强化和增韧：抑制不连续析出

IF 7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149931

Jian Liu , Zidi Hang , Yan Jiang , Meiyue Tao , Zhiheng Zhao , Bo Peng , Tingju Li , Jinchuan Jie

Cu-15Ni-8Sn-xMg (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 wt%) alloys were fabricated via conventional casting, and the microstructural evolution, solidification process, and mechanical properties were investigated through microstructural characterization, thermodynamic calculations, and tensile testing. The results demonstrate that Cu matrix (α₁) continuously nucleates and grows from melt during the solidification process, and the remaining liquid phase undergoes a divorced eutectic reaction to form (Cu, Ni)₃Sn (γ) and Cu (α₂) phase, and then the discontinuous precipitates (DPs) of α₁+γ are formed from α₂ with cooling proceeding. Mg addition significantly suppresses the formation of DPs in the as-cast microstructure, and with increasing Mg content, Cu₂Mg and Cu₄MgSn precipitates progressively form. The non-equilibrium solidification thermodynamic calculations indicate that Mg lowers the solidus temperature of the Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloy from approximately 761 °C to 490 °C. The reaction time of divorced eutectic is prolonged, resulting in facilitating the formation of γ phases, with a decrease in the volume fraction of α₂ phases, and thus the discontinuous precipitation is inhibited. The inhibition of discontinuous precipitation enhances the mechanical properties of Cu-15Ni-8Sn-xMg, with the 0.1 wt% Mg alloy exhibiting the optimal combination of a tensile strength of 608 MPa and an elongation of 10.1%. The present study establishes a foundational basis for suppressing discontinuous precipitation, with implications for designing alloys with enhanced mechanical properties.

采用常规铸造法制备Cu-15Ni-8Sn-xMg （x = 0、0.1、0.2、0.4 wt%）合金，通过组织表征、热力学计算和拉伸试验研究合金的显微组织演变、凝固过程和力学性能。结果表明：在凝固过程中，Cu基体（α1）从熔体中连续形核生长，剩余液相发生分离共晶反应，形成（Cu, Ni）3Sn （γ）和Cu （α2）相，冷却后由α2形成α1+γ不连续相（DPs）。Mg的加入显著抑制了铸态组织中DPs的形成，且随着Mg含量的增加，Cu2Mg和Cu4MgSn的析出逐渐形成。非平衡凝固热力学计算表明，Mg使Cu-15Ni-8Sn合金的固相温度从761℃左右降低到490℃。分离共晶反应时间延长，有利于γ相的形成，α2相的体积分数降低，从而抑制了不连续析出。抑制不连续析出提高了Cu-15Ni-8Sn-xMg合金的力学性能，其中0.1 wt% Mg合金的抗拉强度为608 MPa，伸长率为10.1%。本研究为抑制不连续析出奠定了基础，对设计具有增强力学性能的合金具有指导意义。

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引用次数: 0

Developing a new type of directly casting AlxCr6.85Fe28Ni65.15-x eutectic or near-eutectic high-entropy alloys with a favorable strength-ductility synergy 开发了一种新型直铸AlxCr6.85Fe28Ni65.15-x共晶或近共晶高熵合金，具有良好的强度-塑性协同效应

IF 7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149905

Xiangkui Liu , Like Zhang , Huiqing Xu , Qun Li , Xintong Li , Xulong An , Wei Wei , Zhenfei Jiang , Dezhi Zhu

To address the poor casting performance and compositional inhomogeneity of conventional alloys, the proposal of eutectic high-entropy alloys (EHEAs) shows great promise for extensive practical applications. Here, a series of Al_xCr_6.85Fe₂₈Ni_65.15-x (x = 17, 18, 19 at%) HEAs with FCC/L1₂ and BCC/B2 phases were developed. With the Al content increasing from 17 at% to 19 at%, the microstructure of the studied HEAs undergoes a sequential transformation from hypoeutectic structure to eutectic structure and then to hypereutectic structure. And then, the yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the studied HEAs exhibit a trend of rising first and then declining, while the total elongation (TE) first decreases and then slightly increases. Among them, the Al₁₈Cr_6.85Fe₂₈Ni_47.15 EHEA shows the best strength-ductility balance, which outperforms most reported EHEAs. Specifically, its YS, UTS and TE are 725 MPa, 1417 MPa and 18.1%, respectively. Such outstanding strength of the EHEA is derived from the synergistic effects of the precipitation strengthening, friction stress strengthening and grain boundary strengthening. The L1₂ and B2 nanoprecipitates make the most significant contribution to the strengthening of the Al-18 EHEA. This design strategy paves a novel path for the development of high-performance alloys.

为解决传统合金铸造性能差和成分不均匀的问题，共晶高熵合金（EHEAs）的提出具有广泛的实际应用前景。本文制备了一系列具有FCC/L12和BCC/B2相的AlxCr6.85Fe28Ni65.15-x (x = 17,18,19 at%) HEAs。随着Al含量从17 at%增加到19 at%， HEAs的微观结构经历了从亚共晶到共晶再到过共晶的顺序转变。然后，HEAs的屈服强度（YS）和极限抗拉强度（UTS）表现出先上升后下降的趋势，而总伸长率（TE）则表现出先下降后略有上升的趋势。其中，Al18Cr6.85Fe28Ni47.15 EHEA表现出最好的强度-延性平衡，优于大多数已报道的EHEA。其中，YS为725 MPa， UTS为1417 MPa， TE为18.1%。EHEA如此优异的强度是析出强化、摩擦应力强化和晶界强化协同作用的结果。L12和B2纳米沉淀物对Al-18 EHEA的强化作用最为显著。这种设计策略为高性能合金的发展开辟了一条新的道路。

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引用次数: 0

Revealing deformation mechanisms for O/Si-doped refractory high-entropy alloys at room and elevated temperatures 揭示O/ si掺杂难熔高熵合金在室温和高温下的变形机制

IF 7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149866

Chen Chen , Yong Wang , Junbo Wang , Yang Yang , Chao Wu , Yiwen Chen

The effects of oxygen and silicon microalloying on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and deformation mechanisms of V_0.5Nb_0.5ZrTi refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) at room and elevated temperatures were systematically investigated. Advanced characterizations show that oxygen occupies interstitial sites, whereas silicon additions produce grain-boundary M₅Si₃ (M = V, Nb, Zr, Ti) silicides. Oxygen doping induces lattice expansion and pronounced interstitial solid-solution strengthening, whereas M₅Si₃ phase constrains the lattice and enable semi-coherent stress transfer, yielding moderate precipitation strengthening but markedly reducing tensile ductility. The (V_0.5Nb_0.5ZrTi)₉₈O₂ alloy shows the best strength-ductility synergy at room temperature, with a yield stress of 1010 MPa and elongation of ∼24 %, attributable to the concurrent activation of planar slip and cross-slip. At 600 and 800 °C, both oxygen and silicon enhance high-temperature strength, with oxygen exhibiting a higher per-atom strengthening efficiency. Detailed analyses reveal that oxygen and silicon suppress dynamic recrystallization (DRX) and increase the stored dislocation density during hot deformation, with oxygen exerting a more pronounced effect via stronger interstitial lattice distortion and DRX suppression. These findings demonstrate that microalloying with oxygen and silicon is an effective route to enhance the performance of RHEAs at both room and high temperatures through interstitial solid-solution and precipitation mechanisms.

系统研究了氧微合金化和硅微合金化对V0.5Nb0.5ZrTi耐火高熵合金（RHEAs）室温和高温显微组织、力学性能和变形机制的影响。进一步的表征表明，氧占据了间隙位置，而硅的加入产生了晶界M5Si3 （M = V, Nb, Zr, Ti）硅化物。氧掺杂诱导晶格膨胀和明显的间隙固溶强化，而M5Si3相约束晶格并实现半相干应力传递，产生中等析出强化，但显著降低拉伸延展性。（V0.5Nb0.5ZrTi）98O2合金在室温下表现出最好的强度-塑性协同效应，屈服应力为1010 MPa，延伸率为~ 24%，这是由于同时激活了平面滑移和交叉滑移。在600和800℃时，氧和硅都能提高材料的高温强度，其中氧的单原子强化效率更高。详细分析表明，氧和硅抑制了热变形过程中的动态再结晶（DRX），增加了存储位错密度，其中氧通过更强的间隙晶格畸变和DRX抑制作用发挥更明显的作用。这些发现表明，氧和硅的微合金化是通过间隙固溶和沉淀机制提高室温和高温下RHEAs性能的有效途径。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of serrated grain boundaries on mechanical anisotropy in L-PBF fabricated GH4099 alloy 锯齿晶界对L-PBF制备GH4099合金力学各向异性的影响

IF 7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149815

Ruihang Xu , Shuya Zhang , Haiou Yang , Chunwen Guo , Hongliang Zhao , Yuheng Fan , Xianglei Dong

Nickel-based superalloy GH4099 fabricated via laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) inevitably develops pronounced microstructural anisotropy and columnar grains aligned with the build direction due to rapid solidification and steep thermal gradients, which compromises structural stability and reliability in service. To address this, we propose and validate a reproducible heat-treatment window (slow cooling followed by aging) that induces stable serrated grain boundaries (SGB) in L-PBF-built GH4099. Compared with the as-deposited (AD) and conventional solution treated and aged (STA) states, the SGB condition yields equiaxed grains with pronounced boundary undulations and uniformly dispersed M₂₃C₆ along boundaries, while preserving a fine and consistent intragranular γ′ population (∼20–21 nm). Texture intensity decreased from 4.60 to 3.06, suggesting a reduction in plastic anisotropy. Quantitatively, boundary curvature increases from 0.099 μm⁻¹ to 0.128 μm⁻¹ (vertical direction), and the SGB-H attains a superior strength–ductility balance with YS of 797.1 MPa, UTS of 1227.1 MPa, and elongation of 44.8 %, compared with AD-H (YS 588 MPa, UTS 989 MPa, elongation 47.8 %). Cyclic loading–unloading analysis shows that SGB-H presents a smaller hysteresis loop area at cycle 9, dropping from 9.114 to 7.337 kJ/m³ compared with STA-H. The back stress is reduced by roughly 60–73 MPa and the friction stress by about 100 MPa, resulting in a σ_b/σ_flow ratio of 0.48–0.53 rather than above 0.56. These data indicate SGB effectively disperses GND pile-ups and lowers local interfacial friction, improving deformation compatibility and cyclic stability.

激光粉末床熔合（L-PBF）制备的镍基高温合金GH4099由于凝固速度快、热梯度大，不可避免地会产生明显的组织各向异性和柱状晶粒沿构建方向排列，从而影响组织的稳定性和使用可靠性。为了解决这个问题，我们提出并验证了一个可重复的热处理窗口（缓慢冷却后老化），该窗口可在l - pbf构建的GH4099中诱导稳定的锯齿晶界（SGB）。与沉积态（AD）和常规固溶时效态（STA）相比，SGB条件产生具有明显边界波动和沿边界均匀分散的M23C6的等轴晶粒，同时保留了细小且一致的晶内γ′族（~ 20-21 nm）。织构强度从4.60降低到3.06，表明塑性各向异性降低。边界曲率从0.099 μm−1（垂直方向）增加到0.128 μm−1，SGB-H的YS为797.1 MPa， UTS为1227.1 MPa，延伸率为44.8%，而AD-H的YS为588 MPa， UTS为989 MPa，延伸率为47.8%。循环加卸载分析表明，SGB-H在第9循环时滞回线面积较小，由9.114 kJ/m3降至7.337 kJ/m3。背应力减小约60 ~ 73 MPa，摩擦应力减小约100 MPa， σb/σ流动比为0.48 ~ 0.53，而不是0.56以上。这些数据表明，SGB有效地分散了GND堆积，降低了局部界面摩擦，提高了变形相容性和循环稳定性。

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引用次数: 0

A machine learning method to predict grain refinement and hardness of severely deformed materials 一种预测严重变形材料晶粒细化和硬度的机器学习方法

IF 7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149868

Hamed Shahmir , Sina Kooshamanesh , Terence G. Langdon

Nano-grained materials processed by severe plastic deformation show enhanced hardness and strength. Nevertheless, it is a time-consuming and costly procedure to use trial-and-error experiments to explore the effect of grain refinement on the properties of high-entropy alloys having a wide range of chemical compounds. This report demonstrates the ability of machine learning models to predict the grain refinement and hardness of materials processed by high-pressure torsion and it further clarifies the importance of different parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of these materials.

经剧烈塑性变形处理的纳米颗粒材料具有较高的硬度和强度。然而，利用试错实验来探索晶粒细化对具有多种化合物的高熵合金性能的影响是一个耗时且昂贵的过程。本报告展示了机器学习模型预测高压扭转材料晶粒细化和硬度的能力，并进一步阐明了不同参数对这些材料的显微组织和力学性能的重要性。

引用次数: 0

In-situ suppression of Laves phases in additively manufactured Inconel 718 via Co alloying: first-principles calculations, influencing mechanisms, and performance Co合金化增材制造Inconel 718中Laves相的原位抑制：第一性原理计算、影响机制和性能

IF 7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149913

Weiran Xie, Xiaoming Duan, Xiaodong Yang

The chain-like Laves phase that ubiquitously precipitates in the additively manufactured nickel-based superalloys is well-documented to degrade the mechanical performance of the as-built parts. However, methods that suppress the Laves phase during additive manufacturing remain to be investigated. Here, in this study, a novel method was proposed to in-situ suppress the Nb segregation and Laves phase formation in the additively manufactured Inconel 718 via Co alloying. Thin-walled parts made of Inconel 718 and 5 wt% Co alloyed Inconel 718 were fabricated, and their microstructure, hardness as well as tensile properties were investigated. First-principles calculations demonstrated that the added Co contributed to the solid solution of Nb in the Inconel 718 γ matrix, leading to the increased Nb content in the matrix of 5 wt% Co alloyed Inconel 718 part, which brought two key benefits. On one hand, the increased Nb content in the matrix directly led to the Nb content reduction in the interdendritic liquid phase, thereby shortening the growing period of the Laves phase. On the other hand, the increased Nb content in the matrix promoted the formation of the precipitation-hardening phase γ'' (Ni₃Nb), while also contributing to the nucleation and grain refinement of the γ phase. As a result, the ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and ductility of the 5 wt% Co alloyed Inconel 718 part increased by 11.7 %, 12.7 %, and 41.4 %, respectively. The smaller, more dispersed Laves phases with lower area fraction are considered the main reason for the improvement in material properties. By elucidating how Co alloying influences the Nb–matrix interactions in the γ phase of Inconel 718, this work provides fundamental insights and atomic-level guidance for mitigating Nb segregation and Laves phase formation in the additively manufactured nickel-based superalloys.

在增材制造的镍基高温合金中，普遍析出的链状Laves相会降低成品零件的机械性能。然而，在增材制造过程中抑制Laves相的方法仍有待研究。本文提出了一种通过Co合金化原位抑制增材制造Inconel 718中Nb偏析和Laves相形成的新方法。制备了Inconel 718薄壁件和5wt % Co合金Inconel 718薄壁件，研究了它们的显微组织、硬度和拉伸性能。第一性原理计算表明，添加Co有助于Nb在Inconel 718 γ基体中的固溶，导致5wt % Co合金Inconel 718基体中Nb含量的增加，这带来了两个关键的好处。一方面，基体中Nb含量的增加直接导致枝晶间液相中Nb含量的降低，从而缩短了Laves相的生长期。另一方面，基体中Nb含量的增加促进了析出硬化相γ”（Ni3Nb）的形成，同时也促进了γ相的形核和晶粒细化。结果表明，5wt % Co合金Inconel 718的极限抗拉强度、屈服强度和塑性分别提高了11.7%、12.7%和41.4%。面积分数较低且体积更小、更分散的Laves相被认为是材料性能改善的主要原因。通过阐明Co合金如何影响Inconel 718 γ相中Nb -基体相互作用，本工作为减轻增材制造镍基高温合金中Nb偏析和Laves相形成提供了基本的见解和原子水平的指导。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of Fe content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the selective laser melted Al-Cu-Ni-Ti-Fe alloys during high-temperature heat treatment Fe含量对选择性激光熔化Al-Cu-Ni-Ti-Fe合金高温热处理组织和力学性能的影响

IF 7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149894

Guanyu Chen , Weidong Huang , Xu Huang , Zhaobao Zeng , Yingjin Du , Shuaishuai Qin

This study systematically investigated the effect of Fe contents on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SLMed Al-6Cu-1.5Ni-1.5Ti-XFe (X = 0.6 and 1.6 wt%) alloys during heat treatment. The results demonstrate that the addition of Fe significantly improves the heat resistance by promoting the formation of thermally stable precipitates, including Al₇Cu₄Ni, Al₉Fe(Cu)Ni, and Al₇Cu₂(Fe, Ni). These precipitates effectively inhibit grain coarsening, enabling the alloys to retain a fine bimodal grain structure even after 350 °C/100 h exposure. During the heat treatment process, the Fe content has a significant influence on the precipitate formation and composition of precipitate phases. The low-Fe alloy contains Al₇Cu₄Ni as the primary precipitate, along with minor Al₉Fe(Cu)Ni and Al₇Cu₂(Fe, Ni). In contrast, the high-Fe alloy exhibits significantly higher amounts of Al₉Fe(Cu)Ni and Al₇Cu₂(Fe, Ni), while still retaining a considerable amount of Al₇Cu₄Ni. Notably, a concomitant precipitation relationship is identified between Al₉Fe(Cu)Ni and Al₇Cu₂(Fe, Ni), which refines their distribution and improves microstructural stability. As a result, the high-Fe alloy achieves an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 343.8 MPa after 350 °C/100 h exposure, significantly higher than that of the low-Fe alloy (281.1 MPa). The SLMed Al-Cu-Ni-Ti-Fe alloys exhibit promising heat-resistant properties, and this study provides new insights into the design of heat-resistant aluminum alloys through precise control of Fe content and precipitate architecture.

本研究系统地研究了Fe含量对Al-6Cu-1.5Ni-1.5Ti-XFe （X = 0.6和1.6 wt%）合金热处理过程中组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明，Fe的加入促进了Al7Cu4Ni、Al9Fe(Cu)Ni和Al7Cu2（Fe, Ni）等热稳定相的形成，显著提高了合金的耐热性。这些析出物有效地抑制了晶粒的粗化，使合金即使在350°C/100小时后也能保持良好的双峰晶粒结构。在热处理过程中，Fe含量对析出相的形成和析出相的组成有显著的影响。低铁合金主要析出相为Al7Cu4Ni，其次为Al9Fe(Cu)Ni和Al7Cu2（Fe, Ni）。相比之下，高铁合金中Al9Fe(Cu)Ni和Al7Cu2（Fe, Ni）的含量显著增加，同时仍保留了相当数量的Al7Cu4Ni。值得注意的是，Al9Fe(Cu)Ni和Al7Cu2（Fe, Ni）之间存在伴随析出关系，这细化了它们的分布，提高了微观结构的稳定性。结果表明，高铁合金在350℃/100 h后的极限抗拉强度（UTS）为343.8 MPa，显著高于低铁合金（281.1 MPa）。SLMed Al-Cu-Ni-Ti-Fe合金表现出良好的耐热性能，该研究通过精确控制铁含量和沉淀结构为耐热铝合金的设计提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Barrier effect of Sn-Bi-In multi-principal element solder on thermomigration Sn-Bi-In多主元素焊料对热迁移的阻隔效应

IF 7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149916

Yifan Yao , Xingchao Mao , A.M. Gusak , Lulin Xie , Yuanxing Duan , Qinglei Sun , Angmin Li , Junlei Qi , Wenbin Wang , Qiyuan He , Yingxia Liu

The design of multi-principal element alloying has shown potential for fabricating solder with low melting points, with ternary Sn-Bi-In solder being a promising candidate. During the application of solder joints, there are some flux-driven reliability issues such as electromigration or thermomigration. To investigate potential failure risks of the Sn-Bi-In solder, this paper compares thermomigration behaviors among SnCu0.7, Sn58Bi, and Sn-Bi-In solder in liquid states systematically. Sandwich structures of Cu/solder/Cu were fabricated and put on hot plates with temperatures of 250 °C, 270 °C, and 290 °C, respectively, to perform thermomigration. In each case, Cu is the dominant diffusion element, moving across the solder matrix from the hot end to the cold end, leading to thicker intermetallic compound (IMC) formation at the cold end. The activation energy of the IMC growth at the cold end determines the resistance of the solder to thermomigration, and low activation energy facilitates the diffusion progress. We calculated that the activation energy of diffusivity in Sn-Bi-In solder is 158.40 kJ/mol, which is significantly larger than that in Sn58Bi or SnCu0.7 solder. Besides, the atomic flux of thermomigration in Sn-Bi-In matrix is the lowest among the three solder alloys under each temperature condition. These results indicate that the multi-principal element Sn-Bi-In solder has a strong barrier effect on Cu diffusion across the solder matrix, showing its excellent resistance to flux-driven failures, such as thermomigration.

多主元素合金的设计已显示出制造低熔点焊料的潜力，其中三元锡铋焊料是一个有希望的候选。在焊点的应用过程中，存在一些焊剂驱动的可靠性问题，如电迁移或热迁移。为了研究Sn-Bi-In焊料的潜在失效风险，本文系统地比较了SnCu0.7、Sn58Bi和Sn-Bi-In焊料在液态下的热迁移行为。制备Cu/钎料/Cu夹层结构，分别置于温度为250℃、270℃和290℃的热板上进行热迁移。在每种情况下，Cu是主要的扩散元素，从热端移动到冷端，导致在冷端形成更厚的金属间化合物（IMC）。冷端IMC生长的活化能决定了焊料的热迁移阻力，低活化能有利于扩散过程。计算出Sn-Bi-In钎料的扩散活化能为158.40 kJ/mol，明显大于Sn58Bi或SnCu0.7钎料。此外，在各温度条件下，Sn-Bi-In基体的热迁移原子通量在三种钎料合金中均最低。这些结果表明，多主元素Sn-Bi-In钎料对Cu在钎料基体上的扩散具有很强的阻挡作用，表现出优异的抗焊剂驱动失效（如热迁移）的能力。

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引用次数: 0

The influence of rolling on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and in vitro degradation of biomedical Zn-2Cu alloy treated by ultrasound 轧制对超声处理医用Zn-2Cu合金显微组织、力学性能及体外降解的影响

IF 7 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2026.149920

Weibin Cui , Qinglin Li , Jing Yang , Yirui Zhang , Hongkai Qiao , Pengtao Zhang

Zn alloys are considered ideal materials for in vivo implants owing to their moderate degradation rates. The addition of Cu significantly enhances the antibacterial properties of Zn-Cu alloys, making them suitable for degradable implants such as orthopedic bone plates and bone screws. However, cast Zn-Cu alloys exhibit a poor strength-plasticity balance, which limits their ability to meet the mechanical performance requirements of bone implants. This study combined ultrasonic treatment with rolling processes to systematically investigate the microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, and degradation behavior of Zn-2Cu alloys prepared under different rolling conditions. The results revealed that after rolling, the α-Zn grains was significant refined into equiaxed grains with average sizes of 474 nm, 613 nm, and 591 nm. Additionally, sub-micron fine CuZn₅ precipitates formed, with average sizes of 610.7 nm, 503.9 nm, and 568.8 nm. Tensile tests revealed that 5-pass rolling at 200 °C significantly improved the mechanical properties of Zn-2Cu alloys compared with the unrolled condition. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), and elongation (El) were increased from 178 MPa, 161 MPa, and 3.01% to 378 MPa, 367 MPa, and 58.1%, respectively. Electrochemical polarization tests indicated that the 5-pass heat-rolled (HR-5), 5-pass cold-rolled (CR-5), and 2-pass heat-rolled (HR-2) alloys in Hank's solution exhibited degradation rates of 1.865 mm/year, 0.418 mm/year, and 1.207 mm/year, respectively. After 7 days of immersion corrosion in Hank's solution, the degradation rates followed the order of HR-5 (35.94 μm/year) > HR-2 (20.06 μm/year) > CR-5 (25.08 μm/year). These results suggested that multi-process composite regulation can achieve an optimal balance between alloy strength and plasticity. This study provides a theoretical and technical basis for designing and fabricating next-generation biodegradable Zn alloy implants and highlights their potential applications in orthopedic medical devices.

锌合金由于其适度的降解率被认为是体内植入物的理想材料。Cu的加入显著提高了Zn-Cu合金的抗菌性能，使其适用于骨科骨板和骨螺钉等可降解植入物。然而，铸造Zn-Cu合金表现出较差的强度-塑性平衡，这限制了它们满足骨植入物力学性能要求的能力。本研究将超声处理与轧制工艺相结合，系统研究了不同轧制条件下制备的Zn-2Cu合金的显微组织演变、力学性能和降解行为。结果表明：轧制后α-Zn晶粒明显细化为平均尺寸为474 nm、613 nm和591 nm的等轴晶；形成亚微米级CuZn5细相，平均尺寸分别为610.7 nm、503.9 nm和568.8 nm。拉伸试验表明，在200℃下进行5道次轧制，与未轧制相比，Zn-2Cu合金的力学性能得到了显著改善。拉伸强度（UTS）、屈服强度（YS）和伸长率（El）分别从178 MPa、161 MPa和3.01%提高到378 MPa、367 MPa和58.1%。电化学极化试验表明，5道次热轧（HR-5）、5道次冷轧（CR-5）和2道次热轧（HR-2）合金在Hank’s溶液中的降解率分别为1.865 mm/年、0.418 mm/年和1.207 mm/年。在Hank’s溶液中浸泡腐蚀7 d后，降解速率依次为HR-5 （35.94 μm/年）> HR-2 （20.06 μm/年）> CR-5 （25.08 μm/年）。结果表明，多工序复合调节可以达到合金强度和塑性的最佳平衡。本研究为下一代生物可降解锌合金植入物的设计和制造提供了理论和技术基础，并强调了其在骨科医疗器械中的潜在应用。

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