Materials Science and Engineering: A最新文献_第9页

Tailoring the microstructure, phase transition characteristics and one-way shape memory effect of Ni-Mn-Ga alloys by dual treatment of annealing and directional solidification 通过退火和定向凝固双重处理定制镍锰镓合金的微观结构、相变特性和单向形状记忆效应

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2024.147463

Xinxiu Wang, Xin Ding, Ruirun Chen, Jiefei Ding, Mingfang Qian, Yong Zhang, Shiping Wu

Improving both shape memory effect (SME) and mechanical properties is a major challenge of Ni-Mn-Ga high temperature shape memory alloy. In this work, the Ni₅₇Mn₂₅Ga₁₈ alloy system with the coexistence of martensite phase and γ phase at room temperature is selected. A regulation strategy involving annealing and directional solidification (DS) is adopted to control the phase transition characteristics and crystallographic texture of the alloy. Annealing treatment can reduce the elastic strain energy in the alloy and reduce the macroscopic energy barrier between the martensite phase and the austenite phase. As a result, the martensitic phase transition temperatures of the alloy shift towards the high-temperature zone, and the transition width decreases. DS can eliminate transverse grain boundaries and reduce orientation difference. By this composite method, the one-way shape memory effect (OWSME) and mechanical properties are improved, the strain generated by OWSME and the fracture stress of the annealed DS alloy reaches 4.62 % and 1922 MPa, respectively. In annealed DS samples, stacking faults are accumulated in martensite phases and the atomic arrangement of the γ phases becomes ordered, which can provide many slip systems, they are account for the enhanced mechanical properties. The columnar grains obtained by DS have the consistent deformation direction same and small internal stress, thus their deformation is easy to recover. The martensitic texture, particularly with the (001)_NM orientation, is parallel to the DS direction and conducive to the OWSME.

提高形状记忆效应（SME）和机械性能是 Ni-Mn-Ga 高温形状记忆合金面临的一大挑战。本研究选择了室温下马氏体相与γ相共存的 Ni57Mn25Ga18 合金体系。采用退火和定向凝固（DS）的调控策略来控制合金的相变特征和结晶纹理。退火处理可降低合金中的弹性应变能，减少马氏体相和奥氏体相之间的宏观能障。因此，合金的马氏体相转变温度向高温区移动，转变宽度减小。DS 可以消除横向晶界，减少取向差异。通过这种复合方法，单向形状记忆效应（OWSME）和机械性能得到了改善，退火 DS 合金的 OWSME 产生的应变和断裂应力分别达到了 4.62 % 和 1922 兆帕。在退火的 DS 样品中，马氏体相中积累了堆积断层，γ 相的原子排列变得有序，从而提供了许多滑移体系，它们是力学性能增强的原因。由 DS 得到的柱状晶粒具有一致的变形方向，内应力小，因此其变形易于恢复。马氏体组织，尤其是 (001)NM 取向的马氏体组织与 DS 方向平行，有利于 OWSME。

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引用次数: 0

Precipitation prediction and strengthening investigation of the non-equimolar TiVNbMoCr high entropy alloys 非等摩尔 TiVNbMoCr 高熵合金的沉淀预测和强化研究

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2024.147437

Zaidong Xu , Baolin Wu , Wenhan Jin , Naifu Zou , Yandong Liu , Claude Esling

This study designed a series of TiVNbMoCr alloys under the VEC constraint. Based on the thermodynamic calculation, the precipitation behavior was predicted, and the precipitation strengthening was experimentally investigated and discussed. The results showed that below 600 °C, the designed alloys with VEC from 4.30 to 4.60 are metastable at a single β phase state. With low VEC, the HCP-structured α phase precipitates from the BCC-structured β phase with a coherent interface between them. With high VEC, TiCr₂ (C15-Laves phase) precipitates from the β phase companying with the α phase. The prediction results are well consistent with the experimental results. Aged at 400 °C for 60 h, the alloys with VEC of 4.30 and 4.35 contained large volume fraction of the large-sized α phase, playing a great role in strengthening. The alloys with VEC of 4.55 and 4.60 exhibited small-sized precipitation particles acting in strengthening in terms of the Orowan mechanism, and the yield strength depends mainly on the volume fraction and size of precipitation particles, as well as the intrinsic strength of the β matrix that can be predicted by the Varvenne model based on the MD calculation. To some extent, the intrinsic ductility of the β matrix determines the tensile plasticity of the alloys with high VEC. Although favoring for strengthening, more TiCr₂ precipitates are not conducive to tensile plasticity.

本研究设计了一系列 VEC 约束下的 TiVNbMoCr 合金。在热力学计算的基础上，预测了析出行为，并对析出强化进行了实验研究和讨论。结果表明，在 600 °C 以下，设计的 VEC 值为 4.30 至 4.60 的合金在单一的 β 相状态下是稳定的。在低 VEC 条件下，HCP 结构的 α 相从 BCC 结构的 β 相中析出，二者之间有一个连贯的界面。高 VEC 时，TiCr2（C15-Laves 相）从与 α 相伴生的 β 相中析出。预测结果与实验结果完全一致。在 400 °C 下时效 60 小时后，VEC 值为 4.30 和 4.35 的合金含有大量体积分数较大的 α 相，对强化起了很大作用。VEC 值为 4.55 和 4.60 的合金表现出较小尺寸的沉淀颗粒，从奥罗恩机理的角度看起强化作用，屈服强度主要取决于沉淀颗粒的体积分数和尺寸，以及基于 MD 计算的 Varvenne 模型所能预测的 β 基体的固有强度。在某种程度上，β 基体的内在延展性决定了高 VEC 合金的拉伸塑性。更多的 TiCr2 沉淀虽然有利于强化，但不利于拉伸塑性。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced ductility and thermal stability of TZM alloys via nanoscale second phase 通过纳米级第二相增强 TZM 合金的延展性和热稳定性

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2024.147454

F.Z. Wang , Z. Zhang , X.Y. Gao , S.C. Qiao , X. Wen , Z.K. Xia , N. Li , X.P. Young , C. Yuan

In this study, molybdenum alloy with the nanoscale second phase dispersion distribution (NM-TZM) was prepared by powder metallurgy. Despite maintaining a high yield strength of 893 MPa, the elongation of the as-forged MN-TZM alloy has been increased to 25.3 %. In addition, the recrystallization start temperature of NM-TZM alloy was increased by 100 °C, reaching 1400 °C. The nanoindentation results indicate that the NM-TZM alloy still exhibits a high hardness of 4.40 GPa following annealing at 1400 °C. The addition of nanoscale second phase can improve the ductility and high temperature stability of the alloy by coupling with dislocations and grain boundaries. A new model for the synergistic effect of grain boundaries and intragrains to improve ductility is proposed, which provides insight into the reason behind the high ductility of NM-TZM.

本研究采用粉末冶金法制备了具有纳米级第二相分散分布的钼合金（NM-TZM）。尽管 MN-TZM 合金保持了 893 兆帕的高屈服强度，但其锻造伸长率却增加到了 25.3%。此外，NM-TZM 合金的再结晶起始温度提高了 100 ℃，达到 1400 ℃。纳米压痕测试结果表明，NM-TZM 合金在 1400 ℃ 退火后仍具有 4.40 GPa 的高硬度。纳米级第二相的加入可通过与位错和晶界的耦合改善合金的延展性和高温稳定性。本文提出了晶界和晶粒内部协同作用以提高延展性的新模型，从而揭示了 NM-TZM 高延展性背后的原因。

引用次数: 0

Synthesis mechanism and interface contribution towards the strengthening effect of in-situ Ti5Si3 reinforced Al matrix composites 原位 Ti5Si3 增强铝基复合材料的合成机理和界面对增强效果的贡献

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2024.147427

Xin Zhang , Xin Li , Jun Wang , Lei Liu , Shaolong Li , Bo Li , Xiaodong Hou , Jianbo Gao , Shota Kariya , Junko Umeda , Katsuyoshi Kondoh , Shufeng Li

As a titanium-silicon intermetallic compound, Ti₅Si₃ can offer great potentials as a reinforcement agent in metal matrix composites due to its exceptional mechanical and physical properties. In this study, Ti₅Si₃ particles are successfully in-situ synthesized in Al-Si-Ti system through the interdiffusion reaction between Ti-Si using a powder metallurgy approach. The composites interface structure is transformed from Al/Ti₅Si₃ non-coherent interface to Al/TiSi/Ti₅Si₃ coherent/semi-coherent interface with the formation of TiSi transition layer. It enhances the interface bonding between Ti₅Si₃ particles and Al matrix, mitigates the mechanical differences between the matrix and the reinforcements, thereby enhancing the coordinated deformation ability. Simultaneously, the generated gradient interface between Ti@Ti₅Si₃ core-shell structure particles and Al matrix suppresses the rapid propagation of cracks in brittle reinforcement. As a result, the mechanical performance of AMCs is improved to 96.1 GPa for elastic modulus and 327 MPa for strength while maintaining a fracture elongation of 6.5 %, which shows significantly enhancement compared with Al-5Si and Al-2.37Ti matrix. These findings establish a robust microstructural foundation for fully harnessing the strengthening effects of the reinforcements and provide a feasible technical route of utilizing the in-situ synthesized reinforcing particles for improving the mechanical performance of Al matrix composites.

作为一种钛硅金属间化合物，Ti5Si3 具有优异的机械和物理性能，可作为金属基复合材料的增强剂发挥巨大潜力。本研究采用粉末冶金方法，通过钛硅之间的相互扩散反应，成功地在铝硅钛体系中原位合成了 Ti5Si3 颗粒。随着 TiSi 过渡层的形成，复合材料的界面结构从 Al/Ti5Si3 非相干界面转变为 Al/TiSi/Ti5Si3 相干/半相干界面。这增强了 Ti5Si3 颗粒与铝基体之间的界面结合，缓解了基体与增强体之间的力学差异，从而提高了协调变形能力。同时，Ti@Ti5Si3 核壳结构颗粒与铝基体之间产生的梯度界面抑制了脆性增强体裂纹的快速扩展。因此，AMC 的弹性模量和强度分别提高到 96.1 GPa 和 327 MPa，断裂伸长率保持在 6.5%，与 Al-5Si 和 Al-2.37Ti 基体相比有显著提高。这些发现为充分利用增强材料的强化效应奠定了坚实的微观结构基础，并为利用原位合成的增强颗粒提高铝基复合材料的机械性能提供了一条可行的技术路线。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of solution treatment on microstructure and properties of Ti-5.7Al-3.9Sn-0.91Mo-3.4Zr-0.40Si-0.38Nb-0.95Ta titanium alloy 固溶处理对 Ti-5.7Al-3.9Sn-0.91Mo-3.4Zr-0.40Si-0.38Nb-0.95Ta 钛合金微观结构和性能的影响

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2024.147439

Wentao Chen , Shuaijun Huang , Kehuan Wang , Zehua Wen , Jie Zhao , Gang Liu

This study investigated the effects of solution treatments under various conditions on the matrix and silicides microstructure and their impact on the mechanical properties of high-temperature Ti60 (Ti-5.7Al-3.9Sn-0.91Mo-3.4Zr-0.40Si-0.38Nb-0.95Ta) titanium alloy. The microstructure evolution during solution treatments was characterized, and the tensile properties at 600 °C and room temperature (RT) were investigated. The results show that the fraction and grain size of martensite and silicides can be tailored through solution treatments. With increasing solution temperature, the fraction of primary α (α_p) phase and silicides decreases, while that of the transformed β (β_t) microstructure increases. After solution treatment at 1025 °C, the yield strength (YS) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) reach 685.0 MPa and 900.8 MPa, respectively, at 600 °C, increasing by 18.0 % and 27.0 %, respectively, compared to the initial state. The elongation (EL) remains at 16.2 %. The strengthening mechanisms of Ti60 alloy include grain boundary strengthening of the α_p phase and martensite formed during rapid cooling, as well as precipitation strengthening of the silicides. With increasing solution temperature from 950 °C to 1025 °C, the fraction of martensite strengthening increases from 38.4 % to 89.3 %, while the fraction of precipitation strengthening of silicides decreases from 3.63 % to 1.17 %.

本研究探讨了不同条件下的固溶处理对高温 Ti60（Ti-5.7Al-3.9Sn-0.91Mo-3.4Zr-0.40Si-0.38Nb-0.95Ta）钛合金基体和硅化物微观结构的影响及其对机械性能的影响。对固溶处理过程中的微观结构演变进行了表征，并研究了 600 °C 和室温（RT）下的拉伸性能。结果表明，马氏体和硅化物的比例和晶粒大小可通过固溶处理进行调整。随着固溶温度的升高，原生α（αp）相和硅化物的比例降低，而转化β（βt）微观结构的比例升高。在 1025 °C 下进行固溶处理后，600 °C 时的屈服强度（YS）和极限拉伸强度（UTS）分别达到 685.0 MPa 和 900.8 MPa，与初始状态相比分别提高了 18.0 % 和 27.0 %。伸长率 (EL) 保持在 16.2%。Ti60 合金的强化机制包括快速冷却过程中形成的 αp 相和马氏体的晶界强化，以及硅化物的沉淀强化。随着溶液温度从 950 °C 增加到 1025 °C，马氏体强化的比例从 38.4 % 增加到 89.3 %，而硅化物沉淀强化的比例从 3.63 % 降低到 1.17 %。

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引用次数: 0

Relationship between grain structure evolution and tensile anisotropy in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu cylindrical part formed by additive friction stir deposition 添加剂搅拌摩擦沉积形成的铝锌镁铜圆柱形零件中晶粒结构演变与拉伸各向异性之间的关系

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2024.147423

Wancheng Lyu , Yizhou Shen , Chunping Huang , Fencheng Liu , Xiao Wang , Zexing Zhou , Xiaodi Chen , Ying Xia , Xunzhong Guo

The thick-walled Al-Zn-Mg-Cu cylindrical part was obtained by additive friction stir deposition, and the relationship between grain structure evolution and tensile anisotropy was investigated in detail. The intra-layer grains are significantly refined due to continuous dynamic recrystallization (CDRX), and the grains at the interface are further refined by 30%–45 % due to geometric dynamic recrystallization (GDRX). The early cracking and ductility deterioration under Z direction loading are caused by strain localization due to coarse and fine grain distribution and pre-existing strain at the interface. The grain growth rates for specific orientations (Cube, P, Q, and Rotated Goss) are higher than average, and the mismatch in elastic modulus between these grown grains and the matrix results in ductility differences in the X and Y directions. Texture components and residual stresses affect yield strength in the X and Y directions. Meanwhile, dissolution of η/η′ and the coarsening of the particles due to the thermal cycling effect leads to a decrease in the yield strength in the building direction. The average ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elongation (El) of the part could reach 370 MPa and 20 %, respectively. The tensile properties of the as-deposited Al-Zn-Mg-Cu cylindrical part are generally higher than those of melt-based additive manufacturing, but lower than those of the extruded and forged states due to the dissolution and coarsening of the strengthening precipitates during thermal cycling.

通过添加剂摩擦搅拌沉积获得了厚壁铝-锌-镁-铜圆柱形零件，并详细研究了晶粒结构演变与拉伸各向异性之间的关系。由于连续动态再结晶（CDRX），层内晶粒明显细化，而由于几何动态再结晶（GDRX），界面上的晶粒进一步细化了 30%-45%。Z 向加载下的早期开裂和延展性恶化是由粗细晶粒分布和界面上的预存应变导致的应变局部化引起的。特定取向（立方体、P、Q 和旋转戈斯）的晶粒生长率高于平均值，这些生长的晶粒与基体之间弹性模量的不匹配导致了 X 和 Y 方向的延性差异。纹理成分和残余应力会影响 X 和 Y 方向的屈服强度。与此同时，η/η′的溶解和热循环效应导致的颗粒粗化会降低建筑方向的屈服强度。零件的平均极限拉伸强度（UTS）和伸长率（El）分别达到 370 兆帕和 20%。由于热循环过程中强化析出物的溶解和粗化，析出的铝锌镁铜圆柱形零件的拉伸性能普遍高于熔融增材制造，但低于挤压和锻造状态。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of Si additions on the microstructure and properties of Cu-Cr-Mg alloy 加硅对铜-铬-镁合金微观结构和性能的影响

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2024.147432

Su Shao , Muzhi Ma , Chenying Shi , Yuling Liu , Yi Yang , Dongdong Zhao , Yong Du

Trace Si additions contribute to improve the mechanical properties of Cu-Cr-Mg alloys. The effect of different Si contents (0, 0.06, and 0.16 wt%) on the microstructure, mechanical, and electrical properties of Cu-0.3Cr-0.2 Mg (wt.%) alloys was studied experimentally. It is found that the peak-aged with 0.06 wt% Si alloy exhibits the highest hardness and strength, mainly due to the moderate refinement of FCC-Cr precipitates by Si addition. However, excessive Si addition (0.16Si) results in the formation of Cr₃Si phase, which consumes Cr elements, reducing FCC-Cr precipitation and hence degenerates precipitate strengthening. Results further suggest that the electrical conductivity decreases with increasing Si content due to the increased electron scattering. Thermodynamic calculation reveals that the nucleation driving force of Cr₃Si is an order of magnitude smaller than the transformation energy from FCC-Cr to BCC-Cr, suggesting the nucleation of Cr₃Si probably precedes the transformation of FCC-Cr to BCC-Cr and thereby facilitates the stabilization of FCC-Cr precipitates. This work provides an insight on understanding microstructural/property evolution of Cu-Cr-Mg-Si alloy and designing high-strength Cu-Cr-Mg alloys through Si addition.

微量硅的添加有助于改善铜-铬-镁合金的机械性能。实验研究了不同硅含量（0、0.06 和 0.16 wt%）对 Cu-0.3Cr-0.2 Mg (wt.%) 合金的微观结构、机械和电气性能的影响。研究发现，含 0.06 wt% Si 的峰值时效合金具有最高的硬度和强度，这主要是由于添加 Si 后 FCC-Cr 沉淀得到了适度细化。然而，过量添加 Si（0.16Si）会导致 Cr3Si 相的形成，而 Cr3Si 相会消耗 Cr 元素，减少 FCC-Cr 沉淀，从而降低沉淀的强度。结果进一步表明，由于电子散射增加，导电性随硅含量的增加而降低。热力学计算显示，Cr3Si 的成核驱动力比 FCC-Cr 到 BCC-Cr 的转化能小一个数量级，这表明 Cr3Si 的成核可能先于 FCC-Cr 到 BCC-Cr 的转化，从而促进了 FCC-Cr 沉淀物的稳定。这项研究为了解铜-铬-镁-硅合金的微观结构/性能演变以及通过添加硅设计高强度铜-铬-镁合金提供了见解。

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引用次数: 0

Development of the interlayer alloy using for TLP diffusion bonding of GH3230 superalloy based on the CALPHAD method 基于 CALPHAD 方法开发用于 GH3230 超合金 TLP 扩散接合的层间合金

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2024.147434

Sihan Zhang , Wenqing Qu , Junfei Teng , Yanlong Lyu , Haiyun Zhao , Hongshou Zhuang

The hot-end components of aero-engines and gas turbines not only require high-temperature alloys capable of withstanding extreme temperatures, but also demand welds with high-temperature-resistant properties. In this study, the CALPHAD method was employed, utilizing the thermodynamic theory of phase diagrams with Thermo-Calc software and the corresponding database, to design the interlayer composition for superalloy TLP diffusion connections. The optimization aimed to determine the interlayer material's solidus-liquidus and compound phase content, resulting in the selection of a new nickel-based interlayer material containing B as MPD, with Co and W as strengthening elements. Using GH3230 alloy as the research subject, TLP diffusion bonding experiments were conducted at a welding temperature of 1200 °C with a holding time of 4 h. The weld zone exhibited no defects, and the microstructure was identical to that of the GH3230 base metal, consisting entirely of a solid solution. High-temperature tensile tests revealed that fractures consistently occurred in the GH3230 base metal, indicating that the weld's strength significantly exceeded that of the base metal. The average tensile strength of GH3230 high-temperature alloy bar tensile simulated specimens is 899 MPa at room temperature and 213 MPa at high temperature. In addition, the 90° three-point bend test showed no cracking in the weld area, indicating adequate plasticity.

航空发动机和燃气轮机的热端部件不仅需要能够承受极端温度的高温合金，还需要具有耐高温性能的焊缝。本研究采用 CALPHAD 方法，利用相图热力学理论、Thermo-Calc 软件和相应的数据库，设计超级合金 TLP 扩散连接的层间成分。优化的目的是确定夹层材料的固-液相和化合物相含量，最终选择了一种新的镍基夹层材料，该材料以 B 作为 MPD，以 Co 和 W 作为强化元素。以 GH3230 合金为研究对象，在焊接温度为 1200 ℃、保温时间为 4 小时的条件下进行了 TLP 扩散接合实验。焊接区无缺陷，显微结构与 GH3230 母材相同，完全由固溶体组成。高温拉伸测试表明，GH3230 母材持续发生断裂，这表明焊缝的强度大大超过了母材的强度。GH3230 高温合金棒材拉伸模拟试样的室温平均拉伸强度为 899 兆帕，高温平均拉伸强度为 213 兆帕。此外，90° 三点弯曲测试表明，焊接区域未出现裂纹，表明塑性充足。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing mechanical performance of Ti2ZrNbHfVAlx refractory high-entropy alloys through laves phase 通过熔融相提高 Ti2ZrNbHfVAlx 高熵难熔合金的机械性能

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2024.147438

Chao Xu, Dezhi Chen, Xu Yang, Shu Wang, Hongze Fang, Ruirun Chen

Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) have attracted significant interest because of their exceptional mechanical characteristics. This study examines the mechanical characteristics, microstructure and strengthening mechanism of Ti₂ZrNbHfVAl_x alloys (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1, and 1.2). The results demonstrate that the introduction of Al causes a transformation in the phase structure of the alloys, resulting in the BCC phase and the Laves phase, characterized by a distinctive dendritic microstructure. The compressive yield strength is positively correlated with the rising Al content, while also resulting in a noticeable decrease in ductility due to the presence of the Laves phase. One of the alloys, the compressive yield strength of Ti₂ZrNbHfVAl_1.2 RHEA is as high as 1789.94 MPa, the compressive strain is 10.60 %, and the specific yield strength (SYS) of 269.67 kPa m³ kg⁻¹. Moreover, the Vickers hardness exhibits a rise from 317.29 to 533.73 HV. The high compressive yield strength mostly originates from solid solution and the second phase strengthening. The current investigation not only offers a resolution for attaining a harmonious combination of strength and ductility but also gives a valuable understanding of the advancement of RHEAs with exceptional mechanical characteristics.

难熔高熵合金（RHEAs）因其优异的机械特性而备受关注。本研究探讨了 Ti2ZrNbHfVAlx 合金（x = 0、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8、1 和 1.2）的机械特性、微观结构和强化机制。结果表明，铝的引入会导致合金相结构的转变，形成 BCC 相和以独特的树枝状微观结构为特征的 Laves 相。抗压屈服强度与铝含量的增加呈正相关，同时由于 Laves 相的存在，延展性也明显下降。其中一种合金 Ti2ZrNbHfVAl1.2 RHEA 的抗压屈服强度高达 1789.94 MPa，抗压应变为 10.60 %，比屈服强度（SYS）为 269.67 kPa m3 kg-1。此外，维氏硬度从 317.29 HV 上升到 533.73 HV。高抗压屈服强度主要源于固溶和第二相强化。目前的研究不仅为实现强度和延展性的和谐结合提供了一种解决方案，而且对具有特殊机械特性的 RHEAs 的发展提供了宝贵的认识。

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引用次数: 0

A multiscale model for efficiently simulating laser powder bed fusion process with detailed microstructure and mechanical performance results 高效模拟激光粉末床熔融过程的多尺度模型，可获得详细的微观结构和机械性能结果

IF 6.1 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Materials Science and Engineering: A

Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2024.147435

Yukai Chen, Yin Wang, Yu Lu, Bin Han, Ke Huang, Xuewei Fang, Qi Zhang

Numerical simulation is regarded as an important method for studying the mechanisms of additive manufacturing (AM), especially in building a multiscale simulation model. However, the conversion of physical phenomena and parameters across scales is complex, and the number of simulation elements often changes extremely, leading to an inherent conflict between simulation accuracy and efficiency. Therefore, this work introduces a model that balances the need for detailed grain morphology and overall simulation efficiency, to investigate the relationship between process parameters, microstructure, and mechanical performance during Inconel 718 laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process. The cellular automata - finite element method (CA-FEM) was used to simulate the melt pool forming and predict the microstructure evolution. Based on the CA result, the tensile process was simulated through crystal plasticity-finite element method (CP-FEM). Specially, the CA-FEM model was simplified and sliced layer-by-layer to reduce simulation time and data storage, supporting parallel computation. The prediction time for the microstructure growth of millions of elements was less than 1.5 h. The CP-FEM model was simplified by reasonably reducing elements in the representative volume element (RVE) model, improving the simulation efficiency by 73 %. The simulation results were validated through EBSD observation and tensile tests, showing good agreement with experimental results, with the final simulation error for mechanical performance not exceeding 10 %. The effects of process parameters on microstructure and mechanical performance were comprehensively discussed. This model supports the optimization of L-PBF process parameters for Ni-based alloys and provides a reference for improving the efficiency of multiscale simulations for other AM processes and materials.

数值模拟被认为是研究增材制造（AM）机理的重要方法，尤其是在建立多尺度模拟模型方面。然而，物理现象和参数的跨尺度转换非常复杂，模拟元素的数量往往变化极大，导致模拟精度和效率之间存在内在冲突。因此，本研究引入了一种兼顾详细晶粒形态和整体模拟效率的模型，以研究 Inconel 718 激光粉末床熔化 (L-PBF) 过程中工艺参数、微观结构和机械性能之间的关系。采用单元自动机-有限元法（CA-FEM）模拟熔池形成并预测微观结构演变。在 CA 结果的基础上，通过晶体塑性-有限元法（CP-FEM）模拟了拉伸过程。特别值得一提的是，为了减少模拟时间和数据存储，CA-FEM 模型进行了简化和逐层切分，以支持并行计算。通过合理减少代表体积元素（RVE）模型中的元素，简化了 CP-FEM 模型，使模拟效率提高了 73%。模拟结果通过 EBSD 观察和拉伸试验进行了验证，结果与实验结果吻合良好，机械性能的最终模拟误差不超过 10%。该模型全面讨论了工艺参数对微观结构和机械性能的影响。该模型有助于优化镍基合金的 L-PBF 工艺参数，并为提高其他 AM 工艺和材料的多尺度模拟效率提供了参考。

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引用次数: 0