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Retskrivningsordbog mellem to stole
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-11-02 DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V26I50.97828
Svend Tarp
In November 2012, the fourth edition of the official Danish orthographic dictionary, Retskrivningsordbogen, was published by the Danish Language Board which, according to national law, is authorised to establish the official Danish orthography and publish its decisions in the form of a dictionary, now available in both a printed and an electronic version. In order to be high quality, a work of this sort requires knowledge of language policy and linguistics, on the one hand, and lexicography, on the other hand. The article analyses the Retskrivningsordbogen exclusively from the point of view of lexicographic theory and practice, based upon a similar analysis of the previous edition (cf. Tarp 2002). It registers a number of improvements but also some stagnation and new problems in other aspects. The general conclusion is that the Danish Language Board could benefit from lexicographic knowhow as well as the new information technologies, especially with a view to developing the electronic version which should no longer be conceived as a copy of its printed counterpart but as a user-friendly extension with more lemmata and additional data.
2012年11月,丹麦语言委员会出版了第四版官方丹麦语正字法词典Retskrivningsordbogen,根据国家法律,该委员会有权建立官方丹麦语正字法,并以词典的形式公布其决定,现在有印刷版和电子版。为了达到高质量,这类作品一方面需要语言政策和语言学的知识,另一方面也需要词典编纂的知识。本文分析了Retskrivningsordbogen专门从词典学的理论和实践的角度来看,基于类似的分析以前的版本(参见Tarp 2002)。它有一些改进,但也有一些停滞和其他方面的新问题。总的结论是,丹麦语执行局可以受益于词典编纂方面的知识以及新的信息技术,特别是为了编制电子版本,电子版本不应再被认为是印刷版本的副本,而应被认为是具有更多引理和更多数据的方便用户的扩展版本。
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引用次数: 1
One Database, Four Monofunctional Dictionaries 一个数据库,四个单功能字典
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-11-02 DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V26I50.97827
Inger Bergenholtz, H. Bergenholtz
A dictionary is an information tool. In the last century most dictionaries were constructed as polyfunctional tools following a broad and imprecise understanding: A dictionary is to be used by everyone for every kind of communicative and cognitive problem. But normal tools are not polyfunctional. If you go to a shop and ask for a saw, you have to specify first what you are going to saw: a big tree or a small piece of plywood. After having explained that, you will be offered a monofunctional saw. So it should be, too, for the information tool: A good tool is a tool designed for a certain function and for a certain user group for certain needs. This paper will argue for the need of dictionary designs for monofunctional dictionaries. Doing that, we need to be aware of the fact that a lexicographical database is not a dictionary. A database contains data which can be presented in one or more monofunctional or polyfunctional dictionaries.The database of the dictionary in question comprises 4.015 (September 30st, 2012) cards with definitions, historical background, synonyms, references and links, pictures etc. Outgoing from this database, four different dictionaries are presented. All of them are dictionaries on musical terms mainly from the world of classical music, but also from commercial music and the so-called world music. The music dictionaries intend to be tools for music students in universities and music schools, for both amateurs and professional musicians and for every interested person who wants aid when reading texts on music or who wishes to get further information on musical terms and topics.
字典是一种信息工具。在上个世纪,大多数词典都是根据一种宽泛而不精确的理解而被构建成多功能工具:词典应该被每个人用来解决各种交际和认知问题。但是普通的工具并不是多功能的。如果你去商店要一把锯子,你必须首先说明你要锯什么:一棵大树还是一小块胶合板。解释完之后,你会得到一个单功能锯。对于信息工具来说也应该如此:一个好的工具是为特定功能和特定用户群的特定需求而设计的工具。本文将讨论对单功能字典进行字典设计的必要性。要做到这一点,我们需要意识到一个事实,即词典编纂数据库不是字典。数据库包含可以在一个或多个单功能或多功能字典中呈现的数据。该词典的数据库包括4.015张(2012年9月30日)卡片,包括定义、历史背景、同义词、参考文献和链接、图片等。从这个数据库传出,有四种不同的字典。它们都是音乐术语词典,主要来自古典音乐,也来自商业音乐和所谓的世界音乐。音乐词典旨在成为大学和音乐学院的音乐学生,业余和专业音乐家以及每一个在阅读音乐文本或希望获得音乐术语和主题进一步信息时需要帮助的感兴趣的人的工具。
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引用次数: 6
Rhetorical Transformations in Multimodal Advertising Texts: From General to Local Degree Zero 多模态广告语篇中的修辞转换:从一般到局部零度
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-11-02 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2054894
G. Rossolatos
The import of rhetoric in advertising research has been steadily gaining momentum since the 1980’s. However, insights generated by drawing on the discipline of rhetoric have varied considerably among different schools and research streams. The same holds for the notion of multimodality, which gained currency through the discipline of Social Semiotics (Kress and Leeuwen), while being ingrained in Structuralist Semiotics (i.e. Greimas), Film Semiotics (i.e. Carroll, Metz, Buckland), Cognitivism (i.e. Forceville) and Visual Semiotics (i.e. Groupe μ, Sonesson, Eco), but also consumer research (i.e. Mick & McQuarrie, Philips, Scott). This paper aims at engaging in a fruitful dialogue among different rhetorical approaches to multimodal advertising texts, as voiced from different schools within the wider semiotic discipline and consumer research streams, while addressing the fundamental issue of how multimodal advertising texts assume meaning through rhetorical transformations.
自20世纪80年代以来,修辞在广告研究中的重要性一直稳步增长。然而,利用修辞学产生的见解在不同的学派和研究流中差异很大。这同样适用于多模态的概念,它通过社会符号学(Kress和Leeuwen)的学科获得了流行,同时在结构主义符号学(如Greimas),电影符号学(如Carroll, Metz, Buckland),认知主义(如Forceville)和视觉符号学(如Groupe μ, Sonesson, Eco),以及消费者研究(如Mick & McQuarrie, Philips, Scott)中根深蒂固。本文旨在对多模态广告文本的不同修辞方法进行富有成效的对话,这些方法来自更广泛的符号学学科和消费者研究流中的不同学派,同时解决多模态广告文本如何通过修辞转换来承担意义的基本问题。
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引用次数: 12
The Function Theory and Its Application on Manuals of Economics 函数理论及其在经济学手册中的应用
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-11-02 DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V26I50.97807
Â. Gallardo
Abstract In this paper, we analyse manuals of economics from the function point of view. Our proposal is focused on the classification and typology of manuals based on the communication purposes. In addition, we put forward and suggest certain improvements in the internal composition of the manuals based on a detailed analysis of their contents architecture and the rhetorical movements in which they are arranged. In general, we are suggesting that the new generation of manuals of economics, mostly multimodal ones, means and is going to be a significant step forward in the relationship between situations of use and learning processes.
摘要本文从功能的角度对经济学手册进行分析。我们的建议侧重于基于交流目的的手册分类和类型。此外,我们在详细分析手册的内容结构和编排的修辞动作的基础上,提出并建议对手册的内部构成进行某些改进。总的来说,我们建议新一代的经济学手册,主要是多模态的,意味着并且将是在使用情况和学习过程之间的关系方面向前迈出的重要一步。
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引用次数: 5
Specialised Dictionaries of Economics and Translation 经济学和翻译专业词典
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-11-02 DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V26I50.97795
Pedro A. Fuertes-Olivera
This article describes the “Dictionary of Economics” in terms of the Function Theory of Lexicography. It defends the thesis that such information tools must be designed for assisting specific users to solve the specific needs they have in a translation situation. In particular, I will focus on the solutions offered for individualising data retrieval, which will in turn eliminate the so-called information stress or information death produced when users retrieve so much data that they cannot cope with it. This process is illustrated in two recent online dictionaries, the Diccionario Ingles-Espanol de Contabilidad: Traduccion (Fuertes-Olivera et al. 2012a) and the Diccionario Ingles-Espanol de Contabilidad: Traduccion de Frases y Expresiones (Fuertes-Olivera et al. 2012b). They are especially suitable when translating English accounting texts into Spanish. These two dictionaries are considered high quality 21st Century dictionaries, e.g., as candidates for assisting in the training of professional translators within the field of Economics, one of the topics discussed in this Special Issue of Hermes.
本文从词典编纂功能理论的角度对《经济学大辞典》进行了描述。它支持了这一论点,即这些信息工具必须是为了帮助特定用户解决他们在翻译情况下的特定需求而设计的。我将特别关注为个性化数据检索提供的解决方案,从而消除用户因检索数据过多而无法处理而产生的所谓信息压力或信息死亡。这一过程在最近的两本在线词典中得到了说明,《英语-西班牙语健康词典:Traduccion》(Fuertes-Olivera et al. 2012a)和《英语-西班牙语健康词典:Traduccion de Frases y expressionones》(Fuertes-Olivera et al. 2012b)。他们特别适合将英语会计文本翻译成西班牙语。这两本词典被认为是高质量的21世纪词典,例如,作为帮助培训经济学领域专业翻译人员的候选词典,这是本期《赫尔墨斯》特刊讨论的主题之一。
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引用次数: 1
From a Young Danish Child to a Grown Up Adult International Journal 从一个年轻的丹麦孩子到一个成年的成年人国际期刊
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-11-02 DOI: 10.7146/hjlcb.v26i50.97786
H. Bergenholtz
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引用次数: 0
Economic Dictionaries on the Web 网上的经济词典
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-11-02 DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V26I50.97787
D. Besomi
This paper surveys the economic dictionaries available on the internet, both for free and on subscription, addressed to various kinds of audiences from schoolchildren to research students and academics. The focus is not much on content, but on whether and how the possibilities opened by electronic editing and by the modes of distribution and interaction opened by the internet are exploited in the organization and presentation of the materials. The upshot is that although a number of web dictionaries have taken advantage of some of the innovations offered by the internet (in particular the possibility of regularly updating, of turning cross-references into hyperlinks, of adding links to external materials, of adding more or less complex search engines), the observation that internet lexicography has mostly produced more efficient dictionary without, however, fundamentally altering the traditional paper structure can be confirmed for this particular subset of reference works. In particular, what is scarcely explored is the possibility of visualizing the relationship between entries, thus abandoning the project of the early encyclopedists right when the technology provides the means of accomplishing it.
本文调查了互联网上可用的经济词典,包括免费的和订阅的,面向从小学生到研究学生和学者的各种受众。重点不在于内容,而在于电子编辑所带来的可能性,以及互联网所带来的传播和互动模式,是否以及如何在材料的组织和呈现中得到利用。结果是,尽管许多网络词典利用了互联网提供的一些创新(特别是定期更新的可能性,将交叉引用转换为超链接,添加到外部材料的链接,添加或多或少复杂的搜索引擎),然而,观察到互联网词典编纂主要产生了更高效的词典,而没有,从根本上改变传统的论文结构可以确认为这一特定子集的参考作品。特别是,很少有人探讨将条目之间的关系可视化的可能性,因此,当技术提供了实现这一目标的手段时,就放弃了早期百科全书编纂者的计划。
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引用次数: 0
Specialised Dictionaries for LSP Learners in Hungarian Theory and Practice of Lexicography 专为LSP学习者提供的匈牙利语词典编纂理论与实践
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-11-02 DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V26I50.97800
Ildikó Fata
The paper covers three topics: First, it surveys the expectations and requirements articulated by Hungarian specialised lexicographers towards modern, innovative, printed and electronic specialised dictionaries for LSP learners. Second, a Hungarian publishing house is introduced that plays an active role in publishing modern specialised dictionaries. Finally, three bilingual dictionaries of economics of this publisher are reviewed as to how much they comply with the expectations from modern, up-to-date printed and electronic specialised dictionaries for LSP learners.
论文涵盖三个主题:首先,它调查了匈牙利专业词典编纂者对现代,创新,印刷和电子LSP学习者专业词典的期望和要求。其次,介绍了在现代专业词典出版中发挥积极作用的匈牙利出版社。最后,该出版商的三种双语经济学词典进行了审查,以了解它们在多大程度上符合现代,最新的印刷和电子专业词典对LSP学习者的期望。
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引用次数: 0
Book presentation : Mohammed Jadir (ed.), (Préface: J. Lahlan Mackenzie) Fonctionnalisme et description linguistique. Editions Universitaires Européennes, Sarrebruck, Allemagne, 2011, 280p. ISBN 978-613-1-56187-0 图书介绍:Mohammed Jadir(编),(序言:J. Lahlan Mackenzie)功能主义和语言描述。欧洲大学出版社,saarbrucken,德国,2011,280页。en 978-613-1-56187-0
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-11-02 DOI: 10.7146/hjlcb.v26i50.97829
M. Jadir
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引用次数: 0
Principles for the Design of Business Dictionaries on Mobile Applications 移动应用商务词典的设计原则
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-11-02 DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V26I50.97804
D. Kwary
The rapid growth of mobile applications for smartphones in the past few years has encouraged dictionary publishers to offer mobile dictionaries. One of the most prominent target markets of mobile dictionary applications is business people, especially those who are non-native speakers of English. These business people often need a dictionary to help them understand the international news they are reading. However, as shown in the review of the current mobile business dictionaries, the dictionary applications have not taken into account the needs of the users and the technological features of smartphones. The current mobile dictionaries still resemble either their electronic versions or even worse their printed versions. This can be due to the lack of research and emphasis on the theoretical aspects of mobile lexicography. Therefore, this paper tries to formulate principles for the design of business dictionaries for mobile applications. The discussion considers the implementation of the modern theory of lexicographical functions in order to create mobile dictionaries which can better satisfy the needs of the users. The principles created are organized into two parts, they are, business news with a built-in dictionary and a dictionary with updated business news.
过去几年,智能手机移动应用程序的快速增长,促使词典出版商推出移动词典。移动词典应用程序最突出的目标市场之一是商务人士,尤其是那些非英语母语人士。这些商务人士通常需要一本字典来帮助他们理解他们正在阅读的国际新闻。然而,从目前的移动商务词典的回顾中可以看出,词典应用并没有考虑到用户的需求和智能手机的技术特点。现在的手机词典要么和电子版很像,要么更像印刷版。这可能是由于缺乏对移动词典编纂理论方面的研究和重视。因此,本文试图为移动应用程序的商业词典设计制定原则。探讨了现代词典功能理论的应用,以创建更能满足用户需求的移动词典。创建的原则被组织成两部分,它们是带有内置字典的商业新闻和带有更新的商业新闻的字典。
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引用次数: 5
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Hermes (Denmark)
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