Pub Date : 2017-11-02DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V26I50.97828
Svend Tarp
In November 2012, the fourth edition of the official Danish orthographic dictionary, Retskrivningsordbogen, was published by the Danish Language Board which, according to national law, is authorised to establish the official Danish orthography and publish its decisions in the form of a dictionary, now available in both a printed and an electronic version. In order to be high quality, a work of this sort requires knowledge of language policy and linguistics, on the one hand, and lexicography, on the other hand. The article analyses the Retskrivningsordbogen exclusively from the point of view of lexicographic theory and practice, based upon a similar analysis of the previous edition (cf. Tarp 2002). It registers a number of improvements but also some stagnation and new problems in other aspects. The general conclusion is that the Danish Language Board could benefit from lexicographic knowhow as well as the new information technologies, especially with a view to developing the electronic version which should no longer be conceived as a copy of its printed counterpart but as a user-friendly extension with more lemmata and additional data.
{"title":"Retskrivningsordbog mellem to stole","authors":"Svend Tarp","doi":"10.7146/HJLCB.V26I50.97828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/HJLCB.V26I50.97828","url":null,"abstract":"In November 2012, the fourth edition of the official Danish orthographic dictionary, Retskrivningsordbogen, was published by the Danish Language Board which, according to national law, is authorised to establish the official Danish orthography and publish its decisions in the form of a dictionary, now available in both a printed and an electronic version. In order to be high quality, a work of this sort requires knowledge of language policy and linguistics, on the one hand, and lexicography, on the other hand. The article analyses the Retskrivningsordbogen exclusively from the point of view of lexicographic theory and practice, based upon a similar analysis of the previous edition (cf. Tarp 2002). It registers a number of improvements but also some stagnation and new problems in other aspects. The general conclusion is that the Danish Language Board could benefit from lexicographic knowhow as well as the new information technologies, especially with a view to developing the electronic version which should no longer be conceived as a copy of its printed counterpart but as a user-friendly extension with more lemmata and additional data.","PeriodicalId":38609,"journal":{"name":"Hermes (Denmark)","volume":"1 1","pages":"127-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85244531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-02DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V26I50.97827
Inger Bergenholtz, H. Bergenholtz
A dictionary is an information tool. In the last century most dictionaries were constructed as polyfunctional tools following a broad and imprecise understanding: A dictionary is to be used by everyone for every kind of communicative and cognitive problem. But normal tools are not polyfunctional. If you go to a shop and ask for a saw, you have to specify first what you are going to saw: a big tree or a small piece of plywood. After having explained that, you will be offered a monofunctional saw. So it should be, too, for the information tool: A good tool is a tool designed for a certain function and for a certain user group for certain needs. This paper will argue for the need of dictionary designs for monofunctional dictionaries. Doing that, we need to be aware of the fact that a lexicographical database is not a dictionary. A database contains data which can be presented in one or more monofunctional or polyfunctional dictionaries.The database of the dictionary in question comprises 4.015 (September 30st, 2012) cards with definitions, historical background, synonyms, references and links, pictures etc. Outgoing from this database, four different dictionaries are presented. All of them are dictionaries on musical terms mainly from the world of classical music, but also from commercial music and the so-called world music. The music dictionaries intend to be tools for music students in universities and music schools, for both amateurs and professional musicians and for every interested person who wants aid when reading texts on music or who wishes to get further information on musical terms and topics.
{"title":"One Database, Four Monofunctional Dictionaries","authors":"Inger Bergenholtz, H. Bergenholtz","doi":"10.7146/HJLCB.V26I50.97827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/HJLCB.V26I50.97827","url":null,"abstract":"A dictionary is an information tool. In the last century most dictionaries were constructed as polyfunctional tools following a broad and imprecise understanding: A dictionary is to be used by everyone for every kind of communicative and cognitive problem. But normal tools are not polyfunctional. If you go to a shop and ask for a saw, you have to specify first what you are going to saw: a big tree or a small piece of plywood. After having explained that, you will be offered a monofunctional saw. So it should be, too, for the information tool: A good tool is a tool designed for a certain function and for a certain user group for certain needs. This paper will argue for the need of dictionary designs for monofunctional dictionaries. Doing that, we need to be aware of the fact that a lexicographical database is not a dictionary. A database contains data which can be presented in one or more monofunctional or polyfunctional dictionaries.The database of the dictionary in question comprises 4.015 (September 30st, 2012) cards with definitions, historical background, synonyms, references and links, pictures etc. Outgoing from this database, four different dictionaries are presented. All of them are dictionaries on musical terms mainly from the world of classical music, but also from commercial music and the so-called world music. The music dictionaries intend to be tools for music students in universities and music schools, for both amateurs and professional musicians and for every interested person who wants aid when reading texts on music or who wishes to get further information on musical terms and topics.","PeriodicalId":38609,"journal":{"name":"Hermes (Denmark)","volume":"39 1","pages":"119-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90062285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The import of rhetoric in advertising research has been steadily gaining momentum since the 1980’s. However, insights generated by drawing on the discipline of rhetoric have varied considerably among different schools and research streams. The same holds for the notion of multimodality, which gained currency through the discipline of Social Semiotics (Kress and Leeuwen), while being ingrained in Structuralist Semiotics (i.e. Greimas), Film Semiotics (i.e. Carroll, Metz, Buckland), Cognitivism (i.e. Forceville) and Visual Semiotics (i.e. Groupe μ, Sonesson, Eco), but also consumer research (i.e. Mick & McQuarrie, Philips, Scott). This paper aims at engaging in a fruitful dialogue among different rhetorical approaches to multimodal advertising texts, as voiced from different schools within the wider semiotic discipline and consumer research streams, while addressing the fundamental issue of how multimodal advertising texts assume meaning through rhetorical transformations.
{"title":"Rhetorical Transformations in Multimodal Advertising Texts: From General to Local Degree Zero","authors":"G. Rossolatos","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2054894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2054894","url":null,"abstract":"The import of rhetoric in advertising research has been steadily gaining momentum since the 1980’s. However, insights generated by drawing on the discipline of rhetoric have varied considerably among different schools and research streams. The same holds for the notion of multimodality, which gained currency through the discipline of Social Semiotics (Kress and Leeuwen), while being ingrained in Structuralist Semiotics (i.e. Greimas), Film Semiotics (i.e. Carroll, Metz, Buckland), Cognitivism (i.e. Forceville) and Visual Semiotics (i.e. Groupe μ, Sonesson, Eco), but also consumer research (i.e. Mick & McQuarrie, Philips, Scott). This paper aims at engaging in a fruitful dialogue among different rhetorical approaches to multimodal advertising texts, as voiced from different schools within the wider semiotic discipline and consumer research streams, while addressing the fundamental issue of how multimodal advertising texts assume meaning through rhetorical transformations.","PeriodicalId":38609,"journal":{"name":"Hermes (Denmark)","volume":"12 1","pages":"97-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83819582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-02DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V26I50.97807
Â. Gallardo
Abstract In this paper, we analyse manuals of economics from the function point of view. Our proposal is focused on the classification and typology of manuals based on the communication purposes. In addition, we put forward and suggest certain improvements in the internal composition of the manuals based on a detailed analysis of their contents architecture and the rhetorical movements in which they are arranged. In general, we are suggesting that the new generation of manuals of economics, mostly multimodal ones, means and is going to be a significant step forward in the relationship between situations of use and learning processes.
{"title":"The Function Theory and Its Application on Manuals of Economics","authors":"Â. Gallardo","doi":"10.7146/HJLCB.V26I50.97807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/HJLCB.V26I50.97807","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this paper, we analyse manuals of economics from the function point of view. Our proposal is focused on the classification and typology of manuals based on the communication purposes. In addition, we put forward and suggest certain improvements in the internal composition of the manuals based on a detailed analysis of their contents architecture and the rhetorical movements in which they are arranged. In general, we are suggesting that the new generation of manuals of economics, mostly multimodal ones, means and is going to be a significant step forward in the relationship between situations of use and learning processes.","PeriodicalId":38609,"journal":{"name":"Hermes (Denmark)","volume":"20 1","pages":"83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75047631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-02DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V26I50.97795
Pedro A. Fuertes-Olivera
This article describes the “Dictionary of Economics” in terms of the Function Theory of Lexicography. It defends the thesis that such information tools must be designed for assisting specific users to solve the specific needs they have in a translation situation. In particular, I will focus on the solutions offered for individualising data retrieval, which will in turn eliminate the so-called information stress or information death produced when users retrieve so much data that they cannot cope with it. This process is illustrated in two recent online dictionaries, the Diccionario Ingles-Espanol de Contabilidad: Traduccion (Fuertes-Olivera et al. 2012a) and the Diccionario Ingles-Espanol de Contabilidad: Traduccion de Frases y Expresiones (Fuertes-Olivera et al. 2012b). They are especially suitable when translating English accounting texts into Spanish. These two dictionaries are considered high quality 21st Century dictionaries, e.g., as candidates for assisting in the training of professional translators within the field of Economics, one of the topics discussed in this Special Issue of Hermes.
本文从词典编纂功能理论的角度对《经济学大辞典》进行了描述。它支持了这一论点，即这些信息工具必须是为了帮助特定用户解决他们在翻译情况下的特定需求而设计的。我将特别关注为个性化数据检索提供的解决方案，从而消除用户因检索数据过多而无法处理而产生的所谓信息压力或信息死亡。这一过程在最近的两本在线词典中得到了说明，《英语-西班牙语健康词典:Traduccion》(Fuertes-Olivera et al. 2012a)和《英语-西班牙语健康词典:Traduccion de Frases y expressionones》(Fuertes-Olivera et al. 2012b)。他们特别适合将英语会计文本翻译成西班牙语。这两本词典被认为是高质量的21世纪词典，例如，作为帮助培训经济学领域专业翻译人员的候选词典，这是本期《赫尔墨斯》特刊讨论的主题之一。
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Pub Date : 2017-11-02DOI: 10.7146/hjlcb.v26i50.97786
H. Bergenholtz
{"title":"From a Young Danish Child to a Grown Up Adult International Journal","authors":"H. Bergenholtz","doi":"10.7146/hjlcb.v26i50.97786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v26i50.97786","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38609,"journal":{"name":"Hermes (Denmark)","volume":"70 6","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72607142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-02DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V26I50.97787
D. Besomi
This paper surveys the economic dictionaries available on the internet, both for free and on subscription, addressed to various kinds of audiences from schoolchildren to research students and academics. The focus is not much on content, but on whether and how the possibilities opened by electronic editing and by the modes of distribution and interaction opened by the internet are exploited in the organization and presentation of the materials. The upshot is that although a number of web dictionaries have taken advantage of some of the innovations offered by the internet (in particular the possibility of regularly updating, of turning cross-references into hyperlinks, of adding links to external materials, of adding more or less complex search engines), the observation that internet lexicography has mostly produced more efficient dictionary without, however, fundamentally altering the traditional paper structure can be confirmed for this particular subset of reference works. In particular, what is scarcely explored is the possibility of visualizing the relationship between entries, thus abandoning the project of the early encyclopedists right when the technology provides the means of accomplishing it.
{"title":"Economic Dictionaries on the Web","authors":"D. Besomi","doi":"10.7146/HJLCB.V26I50.97787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/HJLCB.V26I50.97787","url":null,"abstract":"This paper surveys the economic dictionaries available on the internet, both for free and on subscription, addressed to various kinds of audiences from schoolchildren to research students and academics. The focus is not much on content, but on whether and how the possibilities opened by electronic editing and by the modes of distribution and interaction opened by the internet are exploited in the organization and presentation of the materials. The upshot is that although a number of web dictionaries have taken advantage of some of the innovations offered by the internet (in particular the possibility of regularly updating, of turning cross-references into hyperlinks, of adding links to external materials, of adding more or less complex search engines), the observation that internet lexicography has mostly produced more efficient dictionary without, however, fundamentally altering the traditional paper structure can be confirmed for this particular subset of reference works. In particular, what is scarcely explored is the possibility of visualizing the relationship between entries, thus abandoning the project of the early encyclopedists right when the technology provides the means of accomplishing it.","PeriodicalId":38609,"journal":{"name":"Hermes (Denmark)","volume":"52 1","pages":"13-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78607068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-02DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V26I50.97800
Ildikó Fata
The paper covers three topics: First, it surveys the expectations and requirements articulated by Hungarian specialised lexicographers towards modern, innovative, printed and electronic specialised dictionaries for LSP learners. Second, a Hungarian publishing house is introduced that plays an active role in publishing modern specialised dictionaries. Finally, three bilingual dictionaries of economics of this publisher are reviewed as to how much they comply with the expectations from modern, up-to-date printed and electronic specialised dictionaries for LSP learners.
{"title":"Specialised Dictionaries for LSP Learners in Hungarian Theory and Practice of Lexicography","authors":"Ildikó Fata","doi":"10.7146/HJLCB.V26I50.97800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/HJLCB.V26I50.97800","url":null,"abstract":"The paper covers three topics: First, it surveys the expectations and requirements articulated by Hungarian specialised lexicographers towards modern, innovative, printed and electronic specialised dictionaries for LSP learners. Second, a Hungarian publishing house is introduced that plays an active role in publishing modern specialised dictionaries. Finally, three bilingual dictionaries of economics of this publisher are reviewed as to how much they comply with the expectations from modern, up-to-date printed and electronic specialised dictionaries for LSP learners.","PeriodicalId":38609,"journal":{"name":"Hermes (Denmark)","volume":"44 1","pages":"61-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88073796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-02DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V26I50.97804
D. Kwary
The rapid growth of mobile applications for smartphones in the past few years has encouraged dictionary publishers to offer mobile dictionaries. One of the most prominent target markets of mobile dictionary applications is business people, especially those who are non-native speakers of English. These business people often need a dictionary to help them understand the international news they are reading. However, as shown in the review of the current mobile business dictionaries, the dictionary applications have not taken into account the needs of the users and the technological features of smartphones. The current mobile dictionaries still resemble either their electronic versions or even worse their printed versions. This can be due to the lack of research and emphasis on the theoretical aspects of mobile lexicography. Therefore, this paper tries to formulate principles for the design of business dictionaries for mobile applications. The discussion considers the implementation of the modern theory of lexicographical functions in order to create mobile dictionaries which can better satisfy the needs of the users. The principles created are organized into two parts, they are, business news with a built-in dictionary and a dictionary with updated business news.
{"title":"Principles for the Design of Business Dictionaries on Mobile Applications","authors":"D. Kwary","doi":"10.7146/HJLCB.V26I50.97804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/HJLCB.V26I50.97804","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid growth of mobile applications for smartphones in the past few years has encouraged dictionary publishers to offer mobile dictionaries. One of the most prominent target markets of mobile dictionary applications is business people, especially those who are non-native speakers of English. These business people often need a dictionary to help them understand the international news they are reading. However, as shown in the review of the current mobile business dictionaries, the dictionary applications have not taken into account the needs of the users and the technological features of smartphones. The current mobile dictionaries still resemble either their electronic versions or even worse their printed versions. This can be due to the lack of research and emphasis on the theoretical aspects of mobile lexicography. Therefore, this paper tries to formulate principles for the design of business dictionaries for mobile applications. The discussion considers the implementation of the modern theory of lexicographical functions in order to create mobile dictionaries which can better satisfy the needs of the users. The principles created are organized into two parts, they are, business news with a built-in dictionary and a dictionary with updated business news.","PeriodicalId":38609,"journal":{"name":"Hermes (Denmark)","volume":"25 1","pages":"69-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73474084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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