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Problem-based Learning in Computer-assisted Translation Pedagogy 计算机辅助翻译教学法中的问题型学习
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-06-11 DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V0I57.106205
C. Mellinger
This article discusses problem-based learning (PBL) and its potential application to computer-assisted translation (CAT) pedagogy. Problem-based learning is situated in the CAT classroom as a final course component in which students challenge their previously-acquired knowledge and skill sets to solve unique, ill-defined problems that mirror those encountered in the language industry. This constructivist approach to education is designed to empower students to be self-directed, collaborative learners and to foster critical thinking and reflection. Moreover, problem-based learning is a means to encourage professional behavior and to develop skills beyond the mere use of translation technologies. This article explores the potential advantages and disadvantages of this educational approach as documented in related professional fields. In addition, the article addresses the ways in which problems are designed and implemented in the translation classroom, with a discussion of how they can and should be aligned with course learning objectives. The article concludes with a discussion of ways students’ work ought to be assessed to enhance gains often seen in PBL environments.
本文讨论了基于问题的学习(PBL)及其在计算机辅助翻译(CAT)教学中的潜在应用。基于问题的学习是CAT课堂的最后一个课程组成部分,在这个课程中,学生挑战他们以前获得的知识和技能,解决独特的、不明确的问题,这些问题反映了语言行业中遇到的问题。这种建构主义的教育方法旨在使学生成为自主、协作的学习者,并培养批判性思维和反思能力。此外,基于问题的学习是一种鼓励专业行为和发展技能的手段,而不仅仅是使用翻译技术。本文根据相关专业领域的文献,探讨了这种教育方法的潜在优点和缺点。此外,本文还讨论了在翻译课堂中设计和实施问题的方式,并讨论了如何使问题与课程学习目标保持一致。文章最后讨论了如何评估学生的工作,以提高在PBL环境中经常看到的收益。
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引用次数: 15
Testing Indicators of Translation Expertise in an Intralingual Task 语内任务中翻译专业程度的测试指标
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-06-11 DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V0I57.106194
B. Whyatt
Massey/Ehrensberger-Dow (2014) showed that the focused use of external resources, more frequent but shorter pauses, and fast text production speed correlated with the level of translation experience in participants translating a text from English into German. This paper aims to: (1) investigate whether these indicators distinguish professional translators from trainees and language students who translated from English into Polish, and (2) test which indicators are also present in an intralingual task, i.e., when paraphrasing a text. Additionally, task duration and the quality of the target texts produced by the three groups are compared with a view to expand the list of indicators of translation expertise. The data discussed here come from the ParaTrans research project in which professional translators, translation trainees and language students translated and paraphrased comparable texts. The results confirm that the less frequent use of external resources, shorter problem-solving pauses, fast text production and high quality target texts are strong indicators of expertise in translation. The number of problem-solving pauses was the only parameter found to distinguish professionals from trainees and language students in the paraphrasing task. This suggests that translation expertise perceived as a general construct can be seen as encompassing task expertise: the ability to reformulate meaning (transferable to a paraphrasing task) and the domain knowledge expertise inclusive of the ability to efficiently use bilingual knowledge when producing a translation
Massey/Ehrensberger-Dow(2014)表明,参与者在将英语文本翻译成德语时,对外部资源的集中使用、更频繁但更短的停顿以及更快的文本生成速度与翻译经验水平相关。本文旨在:(1)调查这些指标是否能将专业翻译人员与从英语翻译成波兰语的培训生和语言学生区分开来;(2)测试哪些指标也存在于语内任务中,即在解释文本时。此外,本文还比较了三组翻译的任务持续时间和目标文本的质量,以扩大翻译专业知识的指标清单。这里讨论的数据来自ParaTrans研究项目,在该项目中,专业翻译人员、翻译学员和语言学生翻译和意译了可比文本。结果证实,较少使用外部资源、较短的问题解决停顿、快速的文本生成和高质量的目标文本是翻译专业知识的有力指标。解决问题的停顿次数是在意译任务中区分专业人员、受训人员和语言学生的唯一参数。这表明,作为一般结构的翻译专业知识可以被视为包括任务专业知识:重新表述意义的能力(可转移到释义任务)和领域知识专业知识,包括在翻译时有效使用双语知识的能力
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引用次数: 8
Introduction to the Thematic Section: Expertise and Behaviour: Aspects of Cognitive Translation Studies 专题部分导论:专业知识和行为:认知翻译研究的各个方面
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-06-11 DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V0I57.106190
Petra Klimant, Michael Tieber, Hanna Risku
No abstract
没有抽象的
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引用次数: 2
Metalinguistic Knowledge/Awareness/Ability in Cognitive Translation Studies: Some Questions 认知翻译研究中的元语言知识/意识/能力:若干问题
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-06-11 DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V0I57.106191
Sandra L. Halverson
 Throughout the history of contemporary Translation Studies, theoretical, empirical and pedagogically oriented work has made use of a range of notions that assume a translator’s metalinguistic knowledge, or knowledge about language, rather than knowledge of a language or languages. Examples include ideas such as ‘translation strategies’, translational ‘problem-solving’, ‘the monitor model’ and models of translator competence. Issues related to learning, automatization, and consciousness also figure in many of the discussions. At the same time, studies in bi- and multilingualism and second (and third) language acquisition have also developed a range of related ideas and concepts to deal with some of the same issues and concerns in bi- and multilingual language production more broadly (see e.g. Jessner 2006: 40-43). Some recent translation process studies have begun to target questions related to metalinguistic awareness (e.g. Ehrensberger-Dow/Künzli 2010, Ehrensberger-Dow/Perrin 2009) while the underlying assumptions of some of the commonly used ideas are also being questioned (e.g. Muñoz Martín 2016a). The range of available ideas, the significant differences between them, and the increasingly important role these ideas are playing in cognitive translation research mandate a critical look at this conceptual field. In this paper, I present some current views on metalinguistic knowledge/awareness/ability within the bi- and multilingualism and second language acquisition (SLA) literature, and compare these to some of the most widely used constructs in Cognitive Translation Studies (CTS). The aim is to clear the conceptual ground and to single out some of the most pressing questions to be addressed regarding this particular aspect of translational cognition.  
纵观当代翻译研究的历史,理论的、实证的和以教学为导向的工作已经使用了一系列的概念,这些概念假定译者具有元语言知识,或关于语言的知识,而不是一种或几种语言的知识。例子包括“翻译策略”、翻译“问题解决”、“监控模型”和译者能力模型等概念。与学习、自动化和意识相关的问题也出现在许多讨论中。与此同时,关于双语和多语以及第二(和第三)语言习得的研究也发展了一系列相关的想法和概念,以更广泛地处理双语和多语语言产生中的一些相同问题和关注(见e.g. Jessner 2006: 40-43)。最近的一些翻译过程研究已经开始针对与元语言意识相关的问题(例如Ehrensberger-Dow/ k nzli 2010, Ehrensberger-Dow/Perrin 2009),而一些常用概念的潜在假设也受到质疑(例如Muñoz Martín 2016a)。可获得的思想范围、思想之间的显著差异以及这些思想在认知翻译研究中日益重要的作用要求我们对这一概念领域进行批判性的审视。本文介绍了双语、多语和二语习得(SLA)文献中关于元语言知识/意识/能力的一些最新观点,并将其与认知翻译研究(CTS)中使用最广泛的一些构式进行了比较。目的是澄清概念基础,并挑出一些最紧迫的问题,要解决关于翻译认知的这一特定方面。
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引用次数: 6
Creativity and Translation Quality: Opposing Enemies or Friendly Allies? 创意与翻译质量:是敌是友?
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-06-11 DOI: 10.7146/hjlcb.v0i57.106202
Ana Rojo, Purificación Meseguer
In recent years, placing the translator’s agency at the fore of creativity research has drawn the scholars’ attention towards the need to define the role of individual personality traits in creativity in the translation process. But many questions still remain as to the role that a creative personality may play in the translation process and the final quality of translation performance. The study proposed here specifically aims to investigate the consequences of a creative profile for translation performance. The experiment correlates the scores of forty Spanish professional translators on a validated creativity personality test with their scores on product indicators of creativity. Translations were rated for accuracy and creativity by two different examiners. Results of the study suggest that creative intelligence plays a role in guiding translational behaviour, directing the translator’s attention and fostering flexible thinking, but does not necessarily guarantee higher quality in terms of number of translation errors. 
近年来,将译者的能动性置于创造性研究的前沿,引起了学者们对在翻译过程中确定个体人格特征在创造性中的作用的关注。但是,创造性人格在翻译过程中可能发挥的作用以及最终的翻译质量仍然存在许多问题。本研究旨在探讨创造性形象对翻译绩效的影响。该实验将40名西班牙专业翻译在创造力人格测试中的得分与他们在创造力产品指标上的得分联系起来。翻译的准确性和创造性由两位不同的审查员评定。研究结果表明,创造性智力在引导翻译行为、引导译者注意力、培养灵活思维等方面具有一定的作用,但在翻译错误数量上并不一定保证较高的质量。
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引用次数: 7
Translating Terminology in Business Annual Reports (English-Arabic) 商业年度报告术语翻译(英文-阿拉伯文)
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-06-11 DOI: 10.7146/hjlcb.v0i57.106204
Khalfan S. Al Obaidani
Business annual reports are financial statements that contain key information about a company’s activities. The reports are distributed to interested parties (e.g. stockholders, creditors, financial analysts and customers) to satisfy their information requirements. In Oman, annual business reports are produced in English and translated into Arabic in order to provide Arab readers with vital information about the companies’ operations and their financial positions. This article analyzes lexical variations, i.e. financial and business terminologies in both English and Arabic versions of the annual reports. A comparison between the English and Arabic profiles of the reports found that the business terms, e.g. ‘currents assets’, ‘asset impairment’ and ‘changes in equity’ showed less variation than others that occurred more dominantly in earlier Arabic translations. This article contributes to the discipline of Translation Studies (TS) by investigating lexical variations of business terms within sociocultural and ideological contexts in Oman. It attempts to answer the following question, ‘with respect to business and financial terms, do the Arabic versions of the annual reports reflect the notion of standardization over the course of time in specific industrial domains?’ Qualitative methods are applied to compare, describe, and analyze the textual profiles of the two versions of the reports. It concludes that the Arabic business and financial terms have become more widely established over the course of time, thus reflecting the notion of standardization. Finally, this article suggests to integrate textual analysis with sociological input to have more insight into translation agents.
企业年度报告是包含公司活动关键信息的财务报表。这些报告分发给有关各方(如股东、债权人、财务分析师和客户),以满足他们对信息的需求。在阿曼,年度商业报告以英文编写,并翻译成阿拉伯文,以便向阿拉伯读者提供有关公司业务和财务状况的重要资料。本文分析了年度报告的英语和阿拉伯语版本中的词汇变化,即金融和商业术语。对报告的英文和阿拉伯语内容进行比较发现,“流动资产”、“资产减值”和“权益变动”等商业术语的变化比其他在早期阿拉伯语翻译中主要出现的术语变化要小。本文通过调查阿曼社会文化和意识形态背景下商业术语的词汇变化,为翻译研究(TS)学科做出了贡献。它试图回答以下问题:“就商业和财务术语而言,年度报告的阿拉伯语版本是否反映了特定工业领域在一段时间内的标准化概念?”定性方法用于比较、描述和分析两个版本报告的文本概况。它的结论是,随着时间的推移,阿拉伯商业和金融术语已得到更广泛的确立,从而反映了标准化的概念。最后,本文建议将语篇分析与社会学输入相结合,以更深入地了解翻译动因。
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引用次数: 0
Culture, Competence and Intercultural Competence: Global and Local Diversities in Intercultural Discourse 文化、能力和跨文化能力:跨文化话语中的全球和地方多样性
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-06-11 DOI: 10.7146/hjlcb.v0i57.106195
A. Strugielska, K. Piątkowska
 Despite the plethora of definitions and models of intercultural competence (IC), researchers still face challenges, among which bridging gaps between worldwide trends and local flows in intercultural discourse appears to be an essential goal if definitions and models of IC are to be exhaustive. The present paper summarizes trends in approaches to competence, culture and IC as presented in two types of discourse, global and local, pointing to incongruities between the two viewpoints. An analysis of intercultural research reveals that as opposed to global discourse, which is holistic in nature, local discourse is more modular. It remains an empirical question how these two discourses, and the centripetal and centrifugal forces that come with them, will permeate each other. Thus, the analysis highlights the need to enhance communication among researchers in order to manage multiple approaches, both global and local, and incorporate them into intercultural discourse. 
尽管跨文化能力的定义和模型过多,但研究人员仍然面临着挑战,其中,如果跨文化能力的定义和模型是详尽的,那么弥合跨文化话语中世界趋势和当地流动之间的差距似乎是一个必不可少的目标。本文总结了在全球和本地两种类型的话语中出现的能力、文化和智能方法的趋势,指出了两种观点之间的不一致。对跨文化研究的分析表明,与全球话语的整体性不同,本地话语更具模块化。这两种话语,以及随之而来的向心力和离心力,将如何相互渗透,仍然是一个经验问题。因此,该分析强调需要加强研究人员之间的交流,以便管理全球和地方的多种方法,并将它们纳入跨文化话语。
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引用次数: 1
The Nuances of Brand Personality: A Corpus-assisted Linguistic Analysis of Web-based Communications of Fashion Brands 品牌个性的细微差别:基于语料库的时尚品牌网络传播语言分析
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-06-11 DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V0I57.106197
B. C. Camiciottoli
The ability to establish a particular brand personality (i.e. a set of human personality traits that consumers associate with a brand) is a key component of fashion brand management and communication. A given fashion brand may use language that communicates different personality traits (e.g. glamourous, exciting, youthful, exotic) as a way to define its own personality and distinguish itself from other fashion brands. Based on a corpus consisting of company-produced texts collected from the websites and Facebook pages of over 100 fashion brands, this study aimed to determine which traits of brand personality emerge, which are the most frequent, and which nuances of meaning can be identified within them. This was accomplished by means of text analysis software that identifies statistically significant semantic domains to which conceptually-related lexical items are assigned. The analysis revealed 14 key semantic domains that were linked to various brand personality traits. Among the most prominent were Judgement of appearance: Positive, Time: New and young, Relationship: Intimacy and sex, and Unexpected, highlighting not only the traditional importance attributed to attractiveness, but also to sensuality and non-conventionality as desirable traits of fashion brand personality. Other distinctive traits that emerged as significant involved exclusivity (encoding the value of elitism) and iconicity (emphasizing high stature and uniqueness). The study offers insights into how fashion brands utilize web-based communications to convey brand personality. It also offers a useful methodology that fashion companies can adapt to ensure that they are effectively communicating the intended brand personality.
建立特定品牌个性(即消费者与品牌相关联的一系列人类个性特征)的能力是时尚品牌管理和沟通的关键组成部分。一个特定的时尚品牌可能会使用传达不同个性特征的语言(例如,迷人的、令人兴奋的、年轻的、异国情调的)来定义自己的个性,并将自己与其他时尚品牌区分开来。基于从100多个时尚品牌的网站和Facebook页面上收集的公司制作的文本的语料库,本研究旨在确定哪些品牌个性特征出现,哪些是最常见的,以及哪些意义上的细微差别可以在其中被识别出来。这是通过文本分析软件来完成的,该软件可以识别统计上重要的语义域,并将概念相关的词汇项分配给这些语义域。分析揭示了与各种品牌个性特征相关的14个关键语义域。其中最突出的是对外表的判断:积极的,时间:新的和年轻的,关系:亲密和性,以及意想不到的,这不仅强调了传统上对吸引力的重视,也强调了性感和非传统是时尚品牌个性的可取特征。其他显著的特征包括排他性(体现精英主义的价值)和标志性(强调高地位和独特性)。该研究提供了时尚品牌如何利用网络传播来传达品牌个性的见解。它还提供了一个有用的方法,时尚公司可以适应,以确保他们有效地传达预期的品牌个性。
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引用次数: 2
Forms of Hybridity in Travel Blogs 旅游博客的混合形式
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2018-06-11 DOI: 10.7146/HJLCB.V0I57.106196
Patrizia Anesa
 The technological revolution has changed considerably not only the way people travel and but also how they narrate their experiences. In this respect, the analysis of travel blogs can offer insights into the discursive and communicative practices which characterize this hybrid genre. This study is based on the investigation of a corpus of highly visited travel blogs and aims to observe their hybridity from a multitude of perspectives. More specifically, hybridity is seen in terms of genre, (a)synchronicity, collaboration, modes of communication and level of multimodality, style, orientation, levels of subjectivity and pragmatic functions. From a lexical perspective, specific attention is devoted to evaluative adjectives. In particular, the use of adjectives belonging to conceptual classes such as ‘assessment’ or ‘deviance’ is a widespread tool to express the blogger’s subjectivity and may assume different communicative and pragmatic functions. 
科技革命不仅极大地改变了人们的旅行方式,也改变了人们叙述自己经历的方式。在这方面,对旅游博客的分析可以提供对这种混合类型的话语和交际实践的见解。本研究基于对高访问量旅游博客语料库的调查,旨在从多个角度观察其混杂性。更具体地说,混杂性体现在体裁、同步性、协作性、交流模式和多模态水平、风格、方向、主体性水平和语用功能等方面。从词汇的角度来看,特别注意评价形容词。特别是,概念类形容词的使用,如“评估”或“偏差”,是表达博主主体性的广泛工具,可能承担不同的交际和语用功能。
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引用次数: 0
Maria Cristina Toledo Báez 2010. El resumen automático como recurso documental para la traducción de artículos de investigación del ámbito jurídico-tecnológico (español-inglés-francés). Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 311 pages. ISBN: 978-3-631-60360-4 玛丽亚·克里斯蒂娜·托莱多·贝兹。自动摘要作为翻译法律和技术领域研究文章的文件资源(西班牙语-英语-法语)。= =地理= =根据美国人口普查,该镇的土地面积为。ISBN: 978-3-631-60360-4
Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2017-11-02 DOI: 10.7146/hjlcb.v26i50.97830
Isabel Durán Muñoz
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引用次数: 0
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