Lumbar spinal fusion is a frequent surgical solution among people who are experiencing severe persistent lower back pain. One treatment option is Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF) surgery. In the medical field, finite element analysis (FEA) can be used to predict the best surgical plan. LLIF surgery involves implanting an interbody cage into the disc space, which may potentially move to regain the disk height while helping stabilize the vertebral bones. In this study, FEA was applied using Mechanical Finder software (MF) to develop a 3D spine model lumbar vertebrae of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae (L4 - L5) with the interbody cage design. The cage was made of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and designed using Solidworks software. Given the auxetic structure's outstanding energy absorption capabilities, a re-entrant auxetic structure core with a novel sandwich panel was implanted between the lumbar vertebrae L4 and L5, as determined by CT scans using MF software. The model was analyzed in MF to assess the strength and fracture risk analysis of the interbody cage, with the results compared to mechanical properties values obtained by applying compression load (1000 N) to simulate spinal movements. Stress and strain distribution rates were exhibited when applying a force of 1000 N. The findings underscore the relevance of cage design, namely the surface endplate, in mitigating undesirable occurrences associated with cage sinking. To attain enough strength under typical conditions, a lumbar cage with a re-entrant auxetic construction has been proposed.
{"title":"Analysis Re-Entrant honeycomb auxetic structure for lumbar vertebrae using finite element analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/052475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/052475","url":null,"abstract":"Lumbar spinal fusion is a frequent surgical solution among people who are experiencing severe persistent lower back pain. One treatment option is Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF) surgery. In the medical field, finite element analysis (FEA) can be used to predict the best surgical plan. LLIF surgery involves implanting an interbody cage into the disc space, which may potentially move to regain the disk height while helping stabilize the vertebral bones. In this study, FEA was applied using Mechanical Finder software (MF) to develop a 3D spine model lumbar vertebrae of the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae (L4 - L5) with the interbody cage design. The cage was made of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and designed using Solidworks software. Given the auxetic structure's outstanding energy absorption capabilities, a re-entrant auxetic structure core with a novel sandwich panel was implanted between the lumbar vertebrae L4 and L5, as determined by CT scans using MF software. The model was analyzed in MF to assess the strength and fracture risk analysis of the interbody cage, with the results compared to mechanical properties values obtained by applying compression load (1000 N) to simulate spinal movements. Stress and strain distribution rates were exhibited when applying a force of 1000 N. The findings underscore the relevance of cage design, namely the surface endplate, in mitigating undesirable occurrences associated with cage sinking. To attain enough strength under typical conditions, a lumbar cage with a re-entrant auxetic construction has been proposed.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":" 59","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Synthesis of chitosan-GO composites using the sol-gel method and its application to methylene blue adsorption has been carried out. This study aims to determine the ability of chitosan-GO composites to adsorb methylene blue. Chitosan-GO composites were made with mass ratios (1:1), (1:3), and (1:5) and characterized by XRD. Material with a ratio (1:1) was chosen to be characterized using BET, SEM-EDS, and used as methylene blue adsorption. Methylene blue adsorption process with several variables including contact time, concentration, and temperature of methylene blue dye. The results of the XRD characterization of the chitosan-GO composite (1:1), (1:3), and (1:5) showed a diffraction peak at an angle of 2θ, namely 25.1°; 26.29° and 19.54°. The surface area of the chitosan-GO composite (1:1) with BET was 145.3505 m2/g. Characterization using SEM showed that the chitosan-GO (1:1) composite had a porous structure and was not homogeneous. Optimum conditions for the adsorption of the chitosan-GO composite on methylene blue were obtained at 50 minutes contact time, concentration of 60 ppm, and at 50°C. The adsorption process of the chitosan-GO composite on methylene blue followed the Freundlich adsorption isotherm with an adsorption capacity of 2.47 mg/g.
{"title":"Synthesis of chitosan-graphene oxide (GO) composite using the sol-gel method and its application in the adsorption of methylene blue dye","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/052472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/052472","url":null,"abstract":"Synthesis of chitosan-GO composites using the sol-gel method and its application to methylene blue adsorption has been carried out. This study aims to determine the ability of chitosan-GO composites to adsorb methylene blue. Chitosan-GO composites were made with mass ratios (1:1), (1:3), and (1:5) and characterized by XRD. Material with a ratio (1:1) was chosen to be characterized using BET, SEM-EDS, and used as methylene blue adsorption. Methylene blue adsorption process with several variables including contact time, concentration, and temperature of methylene blue dye. The results of the XRD characterization of the chitosan-GO composite (1:1), (1:3), and (1:5) showed a diffraction peak at an angle of 2θ, namely 25.1°; 26.29° and 19.54°. The surface area of the chitosan-GO composite (1:1) with BET was 145.3505 m2/g. Characterization using SEM showed that the chitosan-GO (1:1) composite had a porous structure and was not homogeneous. Optimum conditions for the adsorption of the chitosan-GO composite on methylene blue were obtained at 50 minutes contact time, concentration of 60 ppm, and at 50°C. The adsorption process of the chitosan-GO composite on methylene blue followed the Freundlich adsorption isotherm with an adsorption capacity of 2.47 mg/g.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, achieving precise positioning accuracy may be accomplished by using an expensive geodetic receiver (GNSS). Moreover, some applications do not need such exact positional precision. In recent times, smartphones have included Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) to determine their location, particularly for collecting descriptive data to update the attribute data of geographic information systems (GIS). This process does not require high levels of positional precision. The present study comprises two experiments. The first experiment is conducted in a small, unobstructed local region that provides optimal circumstances. Its purpose is to demonstrate the varying levels of precision in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for precise point positioning (PPP). Both single- and dual-frequency devices are used, and the International GNSS Service (IGS) correction is applied to highlight the fact that high accuracy is not necessarily required. Conversely, the second proposal proposes a cost-effective idea for an application that may be developed utilizing a smartphone to update attribute data instead of relying on a personal digital assistant (PDA) device and PPP. The accuracy ranges were determined by applying PPP, GNSS, and IGS adjustments. For single frequency, the range was 0.054 m to 0.330 m, while for dual frequency; it was 0.053 m to 0.280 m. The accuracy of location utilizing a single-frequency GNSS on a smartphone ranged from 1.2 m to 1.6 m, as shown by the revised descriptive data in GIS applications.
{"title":"A proposed Cost-Effective approach using smartphones for capturing descriptive data for geographic information systems","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/052478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/052478","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, achieving precise positioning accuracy may be accomplished by using an expensive geodetic receiver (GNSS). Moreover, some applications do not need such exact positional precision. In recent times, smartphones have included Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) to determine their location, particularly for collecting descriptive data to update the attribute data of geographic information systems (GIS). This process does not require high levels of positional precision. The present study comprises two experiments. The first experiment is conducted in a small, unobstructed local region that provides optimal circumstances. Its purpose is to demonstrate the varying levels of precision in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for precise point positioning (PPP). Both single- and dual-frequency devices are used, and the International GNSS Service (IGS) correction is applied to highlight the fact that high accuracy is not necessarily required. Conversely, the second proposal proposes a cost-effective idea for an application that may be developed utilizing a smartphone to update attribute data instead of relying on a personal digital assistant (PDA) device and PPP. The accuracy ranges were determined by applying PPP, GNSS, and IGS adjustments. For single frequency, the range was 0.054 m to 0.330 m, while for dual frequency; it was 0.053 m to 0.280 m. The accuracy of location utilizing a single-frequency GNSS on a smartphone ranged from 1.2 m to 1.6 m, as shown by the revised descriptive data in GIS applications.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":" 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The production of photovoltaic energy has increased over the last decades. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategy is used because it is always crucial to improve energy efficiency by operating the photovoltaic (PV) system at its peak power under all conditions of insolation variations and temperature. The main objective of this article is to develop a technique for improving and optimizing the control performance of a system composed of a photovoltaic panel, a boost converter, a PI controller, and a load, and to compare the standard Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm to the modified P&O approach employing a PI controller to extract the PV module's maximum power.
过去几十年来，光伏发电量不断增加。使用最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）策略的原因是，在日照变化和温度变化的所有条件下，光伏（PV）系统都能以峰值功率运行，这对于提高能源效率至关重要。本文的主要目的是开发一种技术，用于改进和优化由光伏板、升压转换器、PI 控制器和负载组成的系统的控制性能，并比较标准的 Perturb and Observe (P&O) 算法和采用 PI 控制器的改进 P&O 方法，以提取光伏模块的最大功率。
{"title":"Simulation and analysis of a PV system using a PI controller for a boost converter and ameliored P and O MPPT algorithm","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/052477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/052477","url":null,"abstract":"The production of photovoltaic energy has increased over the last decades. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategy is used because it is always crucial to improve energy efficiency by operating the photovoltaic (PV) system at its peak power under all conditions of insolation variations and temperature. The main objective of this article is to develop a technique for improving and optimizing the control performance of a system composed of a photovoltaic panel, a boost converter, a PI controller, and a load, and to compare the standard Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm to the modified P&O approach employing a PI controller to extract the PV module's maximum power.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":" 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research occurred because problems arose, one of which was a leak in the tank from welding in the tank fabrication with the connecting material being Stainless Steel 316L. The welding process is very important to influence the results and function of the output product from this fabrication. There were leaks in 4 of the 8 tanks, namely at the welded joints. Variations in current strength in the welding machine are one of the factors that influence the welding results. In this study, we analyzed the welded joints with variations in current strength, including 60 A, 70 A, and 80 A. The analysis tests were tensile testing, hardness testing, and X-RD to find out what the deviation is for variations in current strength and to know the results of crystal structure and uniform current strength settings for maximum results and overcoming leakage problems.
{"title":"Analysis of hardness, crystal structure and tensile strength by treatment with variations of welding current strength GTAW material SS 316L","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/052474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/052474","url":null,"abstract":"This research occurred because problems arose, one of which was a leak in the tank from welding in the tank fabrication with the connecting material being Stainless Steel 316L. The welding process is very important to influence the results and function of the output product from this fabrication. There were leaks in 4 of the 8 tanks, namely at the welded joints. Variations in current strength in the welding machine are one of the factors that influence the welding results. In this study, we analyzed the welded joints with variations in current strength, including 60 A, 70 A, and 80 A. The analysis tests were tensile testing, hardness testing, and X-RD to find out what the deviation is for variations in current strength and to know the results of crystal structure and uniform current strength settings for maximum results and overcoming leakage problems.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":" 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grain size analysis plays a crucial role in understanding the geological characteristics of the coastal environments that influence the optimizations for oil and gas production operations. This paper aims to explore a sophisticated geostatistical approach using the ordinary kriging and compositional kriging techniques, to forecast the grain size fluctuations of sediments in the Long Island region located in the United States. In addition, utilizing a comprehensive dataset collected from the same region about an integrated seventeen compositional components for investigation using the spatial model of the grain size distribution. Moreover, a variogram and the scatter plot predicted a distinctive spatial dependency was achieved. The compositional kriging method used to predict the grain size distribution in the coastal areas presented an accurate result based on the shape of the histogram, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and the Mean Squared Error (MSE). In conclusion, the geo-statistics assisted in the integration of the sedimentological analysis in the coastal settings and showed an effective configuration for the decision-making in the oil and gas industry business.
{"title":"Prediction of grain size distribution using ordinary kriging and compositional kriging methods","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/052476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/052476","url":null,"abstract":"Grain size analysis plays a crucial role in understanding the geological characteristics of the coastal environments that influence the optimizations for oil and gas production operations. This paper aims to explore a sophisticated geostatistical approach using the ordinary kriging and compositional kriging techniques, to forecast the grain size fluctuations of sediments in the Long Island region located in the United States. In addition, utilizing a comprehensive dataset collected from the same region about an integrated seventeen compositional components for investigation using the spatial model of the grain size distribution. Moreover, a variogram and the scatter plot predicted a distinctive spatial dependency was achieved. The compositional kriging method used to predict the grain size distribution in the coastal areas presented an accurate result based on the shape of the histogram, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and the Mean Squared Error (MSE). In conclusion, the geo-statistics assisted in the integration of the sedimentological analysis in the coastal settings and showed an effective configuration for the decision-making in the oil and gas industry business.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141670336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coconut shell waste is underutilized due to the high demand for coconut in Indonesia. To maximize the use value of the material, coconut shells are converted into biomass energy, specifically charcoal briquettes. Due to the rapid advancement of technology today, it is necessary to use equipment that can run automatically to increase productivity, reduce production time, and lower production costs. This research was conducted to make an automatic cutting tool based on an Arduino microcontroller. The first process identified with literature studies related to automatic briquette cutting tools. The second process is conceptualised by assessing several design variants, then the highest value is taken. The third process is designing by making detailed drawings per component. The fourth process of completing the design by assembling all the components that have been made, and then testing the Arduino-based automatic cutting tool. The results obtained by the automatic cutting tool produce a cutting consistency of 77.5% and produce a residue of 22.5%. From the test data, the Arduino-based automatic cutting tool can work more effectively and efficiently to increase production capacity.
{"title":"Arduino-Based automatic cutting tool for coconut shell charcoal briquettes","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/052473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/052473","url":null,"abstract":"Coconut shell waste is underutilized due to the high demand for coconut in Indonesia. To maximize the use value of the material, coconut shells are converted into biomass energy, specifically charcoal briquettes. Due to the rapid advancement of technology today, it is necessary to use equipment that can run automatically to increase productivity, reduce production time, and lower production costs. This research was conducted to make an automatic cutting tool based on an Arduino microcontroller. The first process identified with literature studies related to automatic briquette cutting tools. The second process is conceptualised by assessing several design variants, then the highest value is taken. The third process is designing by making detailed drawings per component. The fourth process of completing the design by assembling all the components that have been made, and then testing the Arduino-based automatic cutting tool. The results obtained by the automatic cutting tool produce a cutting consistency of 77.5% and produce a residue of 22.5%. From the test data, the Arduino-based automatic cutting tool can work more effectively and efficiently to increase production capacity.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":" 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141671020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The swift expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) devices within smart cities necessitates robust security measures to safeguard critical infrastructure and ensure citizen safety. In response, this research presents an advanced deep learning- based anomaly detection system designed to bolster IoT security within the context of smart cities. Leveraging the IoT-23 dataset, our system demonstrates impressive results. One of the system's notable strengths is its adaptability; it generalizes well to diverse datasets and maintains its efficacy in the presence of adversarial attacks. An intuitive user interface facilitates system management and response to detected anomalies, providing a holistic approach to IoT security in smart cities. Positive user feedback affirms the system's usability and satisfaction, emphasizing its practical utility. This research contributes to the broader field of IoT security. It furnishes well-documented code and resources, laying the groundwork for further advancements in this critical domain. As smart cities continue to evolve, the findings and innovations presented in this research serve as a vital step toward ensuring the integrity, privacy, and reliability of IoT networks within urban environments. Lastly, the findings of the experiments show that this technique has an excellent detection performance, with an accuracy rate which is more than 98.7%.
{"title":"Deep Learning-Enhanced anomaly detection for IoT security in smart cities","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/032456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/032456","url":null,"abstract":"The swift expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) devices within smart cities necessitates robust security measures\u0000to safeguard critical infrastructure and ensure citizen safety. In response, this research presents an advanced deep learning-\u0000based anomaly detection system designed to bolster IoT security within the context of smart cities. Leveraging the IoT-23\u0000dataset, our system demonstrates impressive results. One of the system's notable strengths is its adaptability; it generalizes\u0000well to diverse datasets and maintains its efficacy in the presence of adversarial attacks. An intuitive user interface\u0000facilitates system management and response to detected anomalies, providing a holistic approach to IoT security in smart\u0000cities. Positive user feedback affirms the system's usability and satisfaction, emphasizing its practical utility. This research\u0000contributes to the broader field of IoT security. It furnishes well-documented code and resources, laying the groundwork\u0000for further advancements in this critical domain. As smart cities continue to evolve, the findings and innovations presented\u0000in this research serve as a vital step toward ensuring the integrity, privacy, and reliability of IoT networks within urban\u0000environments. Lastly, the findings of the experiments show that this technique has an excellent detection performance, with\u0000an accuracy rate which is more than 98.7%.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141128055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The quality of lighting significantly influences our ability to perform tasks in enclosed spaces, and certain characteristics of lighting sources play a crucial role. Light-emitting diode (tubular LED) lamps offer advantages for both home and office use. Choosing tubular LED lamps over fluorescent ones is beneficial for several reasons. Tubular LEDs are mercury-free, ensuring environmental safety compared to the small amount of mercury present in fluorescent tubes. Furthermore, tubular LEDs provide directional lighting, minimizing light loss in fixtures and unnecessary areas, and offering better efficiency (around 40% more than tubular fluorescent lamps). Also, they produce high-quality light with various color temperatures, eliminating flickering issues that can cause discomfort such as eye strain, headaches, and migraines. Additionally, tubular LEDs have a longer lifespan making them a preferable lighting option. The superior quality of natural light makes it the optimal source of illumination, which matching well with the visual response of the human eyes. Daylight has a positive influence on people, instilling a feeling of vibrancy and brightness within their living environment. The acknowledged benefits of daylight extend to enhancing visual comfort, promoting health, and improving overall performance among building occupants. This paper focuses on the integration of natural daylight with artificial light, particularly through tubular LED lamps, and investigates the daylight factor. Two groups of six tubular LED lamps (60cm with 9 Watt and 120cm with 18 Watt) and another group of six tubular fluorescent lamps (60cm with 18 Watt and 120cm with 36 Watt) were studied. The study involved two sets of six tubular LED lamps (60cm with 9W and 120cm with 18W) and another set with six tubular fluorescent lamps (60cm with 18W and 120cm with 36W). Measurements were conducted using Spectroradiometer Ocean Optics HR 2000 with 4.7% uncertainty and a photometric bench to assess the spectral output. Additionally, UVA/B silicon detector and Luxmeter detector setups with uncertainties of 5.2% and 6%, respectively, were employed for irradiance and illuminance measurements of tubular LEDs and fluorescent lamps. Various parameters, including daylight factor ratio, UVA power to luminous flux (K) for tubular fluorescent lamps, spectral power distribution, and illumination levels were obtained. Integration between daylight and tubular LED lamps was also determined. The maximum detected value lmW /013.0 is less than the safe limit for human health but still there are effects on human health if they use these types of lamps. Therefore, it is advisable to switch from tubular fluorescent lamps to tubular LEDs to mitigate the impact of UVA on human health and the environment.
照明质量在很大程度上影响着我们在封闭空间执行任务的能力，而照明光源的某些特性则起着至关重要的作用。发光二极管（管状 LED）灯在家庭和办公室使用中都具有优势。选择管状 LED 灯而不是荧光灯有几个原因。与荧光灯管中的少量汞相比，管状 LED 不含汞，确保了环境安全。此外，管状 LED 还能提供定向照明，最大限度地减少灯具和不必要区域的光损失，并提供更高的效率（比管状荧光灯高出约 40%）。此外，它们还能产生各种色温的高质量光线，消除了可能导致眼睛疲劳、头痛和偏头痛等不适的闪烁问题。此外，管状 LED 的使用寿命更长，是一种更理想的照明选择。自然光质量上乘，是最佳的照明光源，与人眼的视觉反应十分吻合。日光对人有积极的影响，使人感到生活环境充满活力和光明。日光的好处已得到公认，包括提高视觉舒适度、促进健康和改善建筑使用者的整体表现。本文的重点是将自然日光与人工照明（尤其是通过管状 LED 灯）相结合，并研究日光因素。研究对象包括两组六个管状 LED 灯（60 厘米，9 瓦特；120 厘米，18 瓦特）和另一组六个管状荧光灯（60 厘米，18 瓦特；120 厘米，36 瓦特）。研究涉及两组六个管状 LED 灯（60 厘米，9 瓦；120 厘米，18 瓦）和另一组六个管状荧光灯（60 厘米，18 瓦；120 厘米，36 瓦）。测量使用光谱辐射计 Ocean Optics HR 2000（不确定度为 4.7%）和光度测量台来评估光谱输出。此外，还使用了 UVA/B 硅探测器和 Luxmeter 探测器（不确定度分别为 5.2% 和 6%）来测量管状 LED 和荧光灯的辐照度和照度。获得了各种参数，包括日光系数比、管状荧光灯的 UVA 功率与光通量 (K)、光谱功率分布和照度水平。此外，还确定了日光和管状 LED 灯之间的积分。检测到的最大值 lmW /013.0 小于人体健康的安全限值，但如果使用这类灯具，仍会对人体健康产生影响。因此，建议将管状荧光灯换成管状 LED 灯，以减轻 UVA 对人类健康和环境的影响。
{"title":"Replacement of tubular fluorescent lamps with tubular LEDs lamps and daylight integration in classrooms and laboratories","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/032452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/032452","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of lighting significantly influences our ability to perform tasks in enclosed spaces, and certain\u0000characteristics of lighting sources play a crucial role. Light-emitting diode (tubular LED) lamps offer advantages for both\u0000home and office use. Choosing tubular LED lamps over fluorescent ones is beneficial for several reasons. Tubular LEDs\u0000are mercury-free, ensuring environmental safety compared to the small amount of mercury present in fluorescent tubes.\u0000Furthermore, tubular LEDs provide directional lighting, minimizing light loss in fixtures and unnecessary areas, and\u0000offering better efficiency (around 40% more than tubular fluorescent lamps). Also, they produce high-quality light with\u0000various color temperatures, eliminating flickering issues that can cause discomfort such as eye strain, headaches, and\u0000migraines. Additionally, tubular LEDs have a longer lifespan making them a preferable lighting option. The superior\u0000quality of natural light makes it the optimal source of illumination, which matching well with the visual response of the\u0000human eyes. Daylight has a positive influence on people, instilling a feeling of vibrancy and brightness within their living\u0000environment. The acknowledged benefits of daylight extend to enhancing visual comfort, promoting health, and improving\u0000overall performance among building occupants. This paper focuses on the integration of natural daylight with artificial\u0000light, particularly through tubular LED lamps, and investigates the daylight factor. Two groups of six tubular LED lamps\u0000(60cm with 9 Watt and 120cm with 18 Watt) and another group of six tubular fluorescent lamps (60cm with 18 Watt and\u0000120cm with 36 Watt) were studied. The study involved two sets of six tubular LED lamps (60cm with 9W and 120cm with\u000018W) and another set with six tubular fluorescent lamps (60cm with 18W and 120cm with 36W). Measurements were\u0000conducted using Spectroradiometer Ocean Optics HR 2000 with 4.7% uncertainty and a photometric bench to assess the\u0000spectral output. Additionally, UVA/B silicon detector and Luxmeter detector setups with uncertainties of 5.2% and 6%,\u0000respectively, were employed for irradiance and illuminance measurements of tubular LEDs and fluorescent lamps. Various\u0000parameters, including daylight factor ratio, UVA power to luminous flux (K) for tubular fluorescent lamps, spectral power\u0000distribution, and illumination levels were obtained. Integration between daylight and tubular LED lamps was also\u0000determined. The maximum detected value lmW /013.0\u0000 is less than the safe limit for human health but still there are effects\u0000on human health if they use these types of lamps. Therefore, it is advisable to switch from tubular fluorescent lamps to\u0000tubular LEDs to mitigate the impact of UVA on human health and the environment.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141128167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2020, the volume of fishery exports will reach 1.26 billion kilograms (kg) with a value of US$ 5.2 billion. Shrimp became the commodity with the most exports, namely 239.28 million kilograms with a value of US$ 2.04 billion. In 2020 shrimp aquaculture production in Indonesia reached 911.2 thousand tons, shrimp also contributed to the total export volume of fishery products by 18.95%. Vaname shrimp production is also targeted to reach 2 million tons in 2024, some of which will be for export. In an effort to achieve this target, a system is needed that is capable of monitoring and controlling shrimp ponds using the Internet of Things (IoT). Because the monitoring process that is carried out traditionally will take time and be less efficient. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a system for monitoring and controlling shrimp ponds automatically using IoT. Sensors and microcontrollers are used to read and control input and output data such as pH, temperature, salinity, turbidity, light intensity, water level, and actuators for filling and draining pumps. This system will also be equipped with an expert system to be able to perform data analysis of measured parameters. This research was carried out within 2 years. In has been carried out the development and manufacture of hardware on the monitoring and control system. In the second year, hardware and software integration will be carried out to be able to monitor, control, and analyze data as decision support and implementation in the actual system. The purpose of this research is to design and build a monitoring and control system for shrimp ponds based on the Internet of Things.
{"title":"Design and implementation of a shrimp pond monitoring system using Internet of Things","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/032455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/032455","url":null,"abstract":"In 2020, the volume of fishery exports will reach 1.26 billion kilograms (kg) with a value of US$ 5.2 billion.\u0000Shrimp became the commodity with the most exports, namely 239.28 million kilograms with a value of US$ 2.04 billion.\u0000In 2020 shrimp aquaculture production in Indonesia reached 911.2 thousand tons, shrimp also contributed to the total\u0000export volume of fishery products by 18.95%. Vaname shrimp production is also targeted to reach 2 million tons in 2024,\u0000some of which will be for export. In an effort to achieve this target, a system is needed that is capable of monitoring and\u0000controlling shrimp ponds using the Internet of Things (IoT). Because the monitoring process that is carried out traditionally\u0000will take time and be less efficient. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a system for monitoring and controlling shrimp\u0000ponds automatically using IoT. Sensors and microcontrollers are used to read and control input and output data such as pH,\u0000temperature, salinity, turbidity, light intensity, water level, and actuators for filling and draining pumps. This system will\u0000also be equipped with an expert system to be able to perform data analysis of measured parameters. This research was\u0000carried out within 2 years. In has been carried out the development and manufacture of hardware on the monitoring and\u0000control system. In the second year, hardware and software integration will be carried out to be able to monitor, control, and\u0000analyze data as decision support and implementation in the actual system. The purpose of this research is to design and\u0000build a monitoring and control system for shrimp ponds based on the Internet of Things.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":" 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141127949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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