In Electronic Warfare systems, Low Probability of Intercept (LPI) radar signals are used for identifying the targets in the selected region of operation. LPI radars are designed to minimize the chances of being intercepted or detected by passive radar receivers. Advanced signal processing techniques become an essential requirement when these signals are used for the detection and separation of multiple targets in a noisy environment. In this work, a noisy Stepped Frequency Modulated (SFM) waveform is detected by using high resolution spectrum estimation techniques. To improve the detection capability of the noisy SFM, two level filtering is used as pre-processing step. The filtered SFM signal is analysed using Root MUSIC and Eigenvector algorithms and the multiple target frequencies are estimated. The proposed method is successful in detecting the parameters of the SFM signal in the low Signal Noise Ratio conditions up to -9dB with an accuracy of 99%.
{"title":"Identification of intra pulse modulation signal in the presence of noise","authors":"Neeraja Bandi, N. V. K. Rao, B. R. Naik","doi":"10.59018/1123295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1123295","url":null,"abstract":"In Electronic Warfare systems, Low Probability of Intercept (LPI) radar signals are used for identifying the targets in the selected region of operation. LPI radars are designed to minimize the chances of being intercepted or detected by passive radar receivers. Advanced signal processing techniques become an essential requirement when these signals are used for the detection and separation of multiple targets in a noisy environment. In this work, a noisy Stepped Frequency Modulated (SFM) waveform is detected by using high resolution spectrum estimation techniques. To improve the detection capability of the noisy SFM, two level filtering is used as pre-processing step. The filtered SFM signal is analysed using Root MUSIC and Eigenvector algorithms and the multiple target frequencies are estimated. The proposed method is successful in detecting the parameters of the SFM signal in the low Signal Noise Ratio conditions up to -9dB with an accuracy of 99%.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"49 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140511169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solar energy is a renewable energy source that can be used in the long term as an alternative energy source. Globally, the use of rooftop PV is currently being promoted in both public and private buildings. Mosques are suitable for rooftop PV installations because of the relatively large roof area available. On the other hand, mosques also have unique occupancy schedules and electricity load profiles. However, there has been no research conducted on designing PV utilization for mosque buildings. In this study, we design and simulate the PV performance of a mosque building, with a case study of Masjid Tablighiyah in Indonesia, using PVsyst. We compare 3 scenarios to analyze which placement will give a better performance of PV for an on-grid system: i) the main building’s rooftop, ii) the mosque’s walkway, and iii) the combination of both places. The simulation results include design details, array losses, near-shading losses, annual generated energy, and losses diagram. Based on the 3 scenarios that have been simulated for rooftop PV installation at the mosque, the most efficient installation is scenario 2, where the PV rooftop is installed on top of the mosque's walkway with a total performance ratio of 80.41% and annual energy generation of 50.63 MWh/year.
{"title":"Design and simulation of ON-GRID PV system on a mosque building using PVsyst: Case study of Masjid Tablighiyah, Indonesia","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/1123294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1123294","url":null,"abstract":"Solar energy is a renewable energy source that can be used in the long term as an alternative energy source. Globally, the use of rooftop PV is currently being promoted in both public and private buildings. Mosques are suitable for rooftop PV installations because of the relatively large roof area available. On the other hand, mosques also have unique occupancy schedules and electricity load profiles. However, there has been no research conducted on designing PV utilization for mosque buildings. In this study, we design and simulate the PV performance of a mosque building, with a case study of Masjid Tablighiyah in Indonesia, using PVsyst. We compare 3 scenarios to analyze which placement will give a better performance of PV for an on-grid system: i) the main building’s rooftop, ii) the mosque’s walkway, and iii) the combination of both places. The simulation results include design details, array losses, near-shading losses, annual generated energy, and losses diagram. Based on the 3 scenarios that have been simulated for rooftop PV installation at the mosque, the most efficient installation is scenario 2, where the PV rooftop is installed on top of the mosque's walkway with a total performance ratio of 80.41% and annual energy generation of 50.63 MWh/year.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"36 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140511404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is one of the deep learning algorithms generally used for image recognition and allocation. These neural networks are developed in multi-layers which reasonably reduces complex dimensions of any input without ruining original information. The satellite images are obtained in .jpg format with potential resolutions. The land usage of the given area is estimated and the objects present in the image are identified using the Canny Edge detection algorithm. It extracts useful data in terms of structures and scales down the size of the data. Raster data in.tif format from LANDSAT-8 is collected over a year. With the Semi-automated classification plugin (SCP) in QGIS, the signatures are created. Signatures are pixelated polygons that are classified to store land attributes. The Normalized indices of vegetation (NDVI), water (NDWI), and built-up (NDBI) are calculated. Land use land cover area was developed. Multi-layer perceptron has numerous hidden layers, and the iterations can be fixed in the MOLUSCE plugin. The land cover for two years, 2020 and 2023 is given along with spatial variables such as precipitation and elevation. The changes in each category of land are identified. In the last three years, the area covered by buildings has increased from 25% to 31%. The area under water bodies had a slight decrease from 1.46% to 1.25%. The land cover for the year 2026 is predicted. From the predictions, it is conclusive that, our research supports the changes between 3 years had not much difference, but above 6 years, it is evident that land will be deformed from most of the vegetation area into built-up.
{"title":"Recognizing surface edges and prediction of terrain deformation by analyzing LANDSAT-8 raster in QGIS- A case study of Coimbatore, India","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/1023273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1023273","url":null,"abstract":"Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is one of the deep learning algorithms generally used for image recognition and allocation. These neural networks are developed in multi-layers which reasonably reduces complex dimensions of any input without ruining original information. The satellite images are obtained in .jpg format with potential resolutions. The land usage of the given area is estimated and the objects present in the image are identified using the Canny Edge detection algorithm. It extracts useful data in terms of structures and scales down the size of the data. Raster data in.tif format from LANDSAT-8 is collected over a year. With the Semi-automated classification plugin (SCP) in QGIS, the signatures are created. Signatures are pixelated polygons that are classified to store land attributes. The Normalized indices of vegetation (NDVI), water (NDWI), and built-up (NDBI) are calculated. Land use land cover area was developed. Multi-layer perceptron has numerous hidden layers, and the iterations can be fixed in the MOLUSCE plugin. The land cover for two years, 2020 and 2023 is given along with spatial variables such as precipitation and elevation. The changes in each category of land are identified. In the last three years, the area covered by buildings has increased from 25% to 31%. The area under water bodies had a slight decrease from 1.46% to 1.25%. The land cover for the year 2026 is predicted. From the predictions, it is conclusive that, our research supports the changes between 3 years had not much difference, but above 6 years, it is evident that land will be deformed from most of the vegetation area into built-up.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"105 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139183494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The advancement of wireless communication applications has proliferated in recent years. The antenna design is crucial in evaluating the effectiveness of most of these wireless communication applications that demand extensive bandwidth and a lofty data rate. THz (Terahertz) band is becoming a key factor for advanced wireless communication applications. The design of microstrip patch antennas in the THz band is preferred as one of the most significant for advanced wireless applications. This paper proposed an elliptical patch antenna with a T-shape slot on the patch and partial ground methods to meet the speed demand of advanced wireless communication systems. The overall size of the antenna is 160 × 120 µm2. We investigated the antenna performance by using computer simulation technology (CST) simulation software. The simulation results indicate that our proposed antenna improves the bandwidth by 0.72 THz (720 GHz) with a return loss suppression of 12 dB. Moreover, the gain and efficiency of the proposed antenna show satisfactory enhancement. Based on the concept of a T-shape slot on the patch and partial ground method, we confirm the performance improvement of the proposed antenna through simulation results.
近年来，无线通信应用的发展突飞猛进。大多数无线通信应用都要求宽带和高数据传输速率，而天线设计对于评估这些应用的有效性至关重要。太赫兹（THz）频段正成为先进无线通信应用的关键因素。太赫兹频段微带贴片天线的设计被认为是先进无线应用中最重要的设计之一。本文提出了一种椭圆形贴片天线，其贴片上有一个 T 形槽，并采用了部分接地方法，以满足先进无线通信系统的速度需求。天线的整体尺寸为 160 × 120 µm2。我们使用计算机仿真技术（CST）仿真软件研究了天线的性能。仿真结果表明，我们提出的天线将带宽提高了 0.72 THz（720 GHz），回波损耗抑制为 12 dB。此外，所提天线的增益和效率也有令人满意的提高。基于贴片上 T 形槽的概念和部分接地方法，我们通过仿真结果证实了所提天线的性能改进。
{"title":"Performance enhancement of Graphene-Based elliptical patch antenna for THz applications","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/1023266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1023266","url":null,"abstract":"The advancement of wireless communication applications has proliferated in recent years. The antenna design is crucial in evaluating the effectiveness of most of these wireless communication applications that demand extensive bandwidth and a lofty data rate. THz (Terahertz) band is becoming a key factor for advanced wireless communication applications. The design of microstrip patch antennas in the THz band is preferred as one of the most significant for advanced wireless applications. This paper proposed an elliptical patch antenna with a T-shape slot on the patch and partial ground methods to meet the speed demand of advanced wireless communication systems. The overall size of the antenna is 160 × 120 µm2. We investigated the antenna performance by using computer simulation technology (CST) simulation software. The simulation results indicate that our proposed antenna improves the bandwidth by 0.72 THz (720 GHz) with a return loss suppression of 12 dB. Moreover, the gain and efficiency of the proposed antenna show satisfactory enhancement. Based on the concept of a T-shape slot on the patch and partial ground method, we confirm the performance improvement of the proposed antenna through simulation results.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"64 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139183838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ethanol is a promising alternative fuel owing to its renewable bio-based origin and lower carbon content, as well as its ability to significantly reduce particle emissions in diesel engines. To evaluate the particulate matter emissions and performance of ethanol-diesel blends, researchers conducted experiments using mineral blends of 5% and 10% ethanol with 95% and 90% diesel fuel, respectively, as well as biodiesel blends with 25% biodiesel and 75% diesel fuel, and 100% diesel as a baseline. These blends were tested in a CI engine with a constant RPM of 1350 and variable loads from 0.0 to 1.6 at intervals of 0.2 kg-m. The study found that biodiesel blends reduced exhaust particulate emissions compared to diesel fuel, while the brake specific fuel consumption decreased with increasing brake power, and the brake thermal efficiency increased as brake power increased. The sound pressure level was measured from different locations of the engine, and the results indicated that increasing the percentage of biodiesel led to a decrease in the sound pressure level. Overall, the study concluded that ethanol-blend fuel improved both brake and engine thermal efficiency while reducing particulate matter emissions. The engine experiments evaluated engine brake torque, braking power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, and particulate matter emissions under a variable load and a constant engine speed.
{"title":"An experimental study of the performance of a CI engine using ethanol as a fuel stabilizer","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/1023270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1023270","url":null,"abstract":"Ethanol is a promising alternative fuel owing to its renewable bio-based origin and lower carbon content, as well as its ability to significantly reduce particle emissions in diesel engines. To evaluate the particulate matter emissions and performance of ethanol-diesel blends, researchers conducted experiments using mineral blends of 5% and 10% ethanol with 95% and 90% diesel fuel, respectively, as well as biodiesel blends with 25% biodiesel and 75% diesel fuel, and 100% diesel as a baseline. These blends were tested in a CI engine with a constant RPM of 1350 and variable loads from 0.0 to 1.6 at intervals of 0.2 kg-m. The study found that biodiesel blends reduced exhaust particulate emissions compared to diesel fuel, while the brake specific fuel consumption decreased with increasing brake power, and the brake thermal efficiency increased as brake power increased. The sound pressure level was measured from different locations of the engine, and the results indicated that increasing the percentage of biodiesel led to a decrease in the sound pressure level. Overall, the study concluded that ethanol-blend fuel improved both brake and engine thermal efficiency while reducing particulate matter emissions. The engine experiments evaluated engine brake torque, braking power, brake specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency, and particulate matter emissions under a variable load and a constant engine speed.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"54 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139183679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we describe the outcomes of our investigation into the design and construction of a modular multilevel inverter (MMI) using intelligent control approaches to manage the induction motor (IM) drive in marine water pumping applications. Specifically, we were interested in controlling the speed of the IM. The multi-model input multi-output (MMI-IM) drive coupled with a fuzzy logic controller is used in the solution that has been suggested. A range of robustness measurements, including as peak overshoot, inverter settling time, and total harmonic distortion (THD), are used to assess the performance of the controllers. The intelligent controller, IM drive, and MMI are all components of the suggested control approach for water pumping applications that are used in the marine industry. To enhance both the efficiency and usefulness of the system, the methodology that has been suggested makes use of several intelligent control strategies. This is the aspect that sets it apart from other methods.
{"title":"PV fed modular multilevel inverter with PI and fuzzy control for marine water pumping applications","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/1023271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1023271","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we describe the outcomes of our investigation into the design and construction of a modular multilevel inverter (MMI) using intelligent control approaches to manage the induction motor (IM) drive in marine water pumping applications. Specifically, we were interested in controlling the speed of the IM. The multi-model input multi-output (MMI-IM) drive coupled with a fuzzy logic controller is used in the solution that has been suggested. A range of robustness measurements, including as peak overshoot, inverter settling time, and total harmonic distortion (THD), are used to assess the performance of the controllers. The intelligent controller, IM drive, and MMI are all components of the suggested control approach for water pumping applications that are used in the marine industry. To enhance both the efficiency and usefulness of the system, the methodology that has been suggested makes use of several intelligent control strategies. This is the aspect that sets it apart from other methods.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139183715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes the novel approach to generate the trigonometric function sine wave with different amplitudes and different frequencies. The proposed design is synthesized using Xilinx ISE 14.7 using Verilog HDL programming language and simulated using the modelsim simulator. The sine wave generation is targeted on the high performance Zynq 7-series Zedoard FPGA (7020) which has a capability of programming language (PL) and processing system (PS). Generation of sine wave is carried out using Xilinx IP Core (DDS) approach with simulation, and synthesis. Zed board works on 28nm technology. Hardware device utilization summary of the design is analyzed along with the timing values. The power report of the design is extracted using the X power analyzer. Power analysis is compared with Micro wind software and X-power analyzer.
本文介绍了生成不同振幅和不同频率的三角函数正弦波的新方法。该设计使用 Xilinx ISE 14.7 和 Verilog HDL 编程语言进行综合，并使用 modelsim 仿真器进行仿真。正弦波生成是在高性能 Zynq 7 系列 Zedoard FPGA (7020) 上进行的，该 FPGA 具有编程语言 (PL) 和处理系统 (PS) 功能。正弦波的生成采用 Xilinx IP Core (DDS) 方法，并进行了仿真和综合。Zed 板采用 28 纳米技术。对设计的硬件设备利用率汇总和时序值进行了分析。使用 X 功率分析仪提取了设计的功率报告。功率分析与 Micro wind 软件和 X 功率分析仪进行了比较。
{"title":"A novel approach to generate trigonometric functions using high performance FPGA","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/1023275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1023275","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the novel approach to generate the trigonometric function sine wave with different amplitudes and different frequencies. The proposed design is synthesized using Xilinx ISE 14.7 using Verilog HDL programming language and simulated using the modelsim simulator. The sine wave generation is targeted on the high performance Zynq 7-series Zedoard FPGA (7020) which has a capability of programming language (PL) and processing system (PS). Generation of sine wave is carried out using Xilinx IP Core (DDS) approach with simulation, and synthesis. Zed board works on 28nm technology. Hardware device utilization summary of the design is analyzed along with the timing values. The power report of the design is extracted using the X power analyzer. Power analysis is compared with Micro wind software and X-power analyzer.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"25 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139183966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The protection of biometric information is rapidly becoming an increasingly significant challenge in the field of data security. In recent years, there has been a precipitous growth in the number of research endeavours being performed in biometrics. This surge in research endeavours has been driven by a growing interest in the discipline. It is still difficult to solve the problem of developing a multimodal biometric system (MBS) with improved accuracy and recognition rate for use in smart cities. The numerous works have all used MBSs, which has led to a reduction in the security criteria that are required. Because of this, the major focus of this study is centred on the creation of a multimodal biometric recognition system (MBRS) via the utilisation of deep learning Fully Convolutional Residual Neural Network (FCRN) classification. A Gaussian filter is first applied to the images obtained from the ear, face, fingerprint, iris, and palmprint databases. This step is performed at the very beginning of the process. This causes the photos to go through pre-processing, which gets rid of the many kinds of noise that were presented. In addition, the grey level co-occurrence matrix, also known as the GLCM, is used to derive the multimodal properties. Following that, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are utilized so that the total number of features can be reduced to the smallest possible amount. The PSO is utilised so that features can be picked and selects the characteristics from the available set that are the most helpful. Finally, the FCRN classifier is used so that the biometric recognition technique can be carried out by using the training PSO features from the test dataset. In conclusion, the findings of the simulation reveal that the implementation of the suggested MBRS-FCRN led to a reduction in losses and an improvement in accuracy in comparison to previous approaches. The proposed MBRS-FCRN achieved an accuracy of 98.179%, sensitivity of 98.346%, and specificity of 98.186% compared to existing methods.
{"title":"An artificial intelligence based multimodal biometric recognition using Fully Convolutional Residual Neural Network","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/1023272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1023272","url":null,"abstract":"The protection of biometric information is rapidly becoming an increasingly significant challenge in the field of data security. In recent years, there has been a precipitous growth in the number of research endeavours being performed in biometrics. This surge in research endeavours has been driven by a growing interest in the discipline. It is still difficult to solve the problem of developing a multimodal biometric system (MBS) with improved accuracy and recognition rate for use in smart cities. The numerous works have all used MBSs, which has led to a reduction in the security criteria that are required. Because of this, the major focus of this study is centred on the creation of a multimodal biometric recognition system (MBRS) via the utilisation of deep learning Fully Convolutional Residual Neural Network (FCRN) classification. A Gaussian filter is first applied to the images obtained from the ear, face, fingerprint, iris, and palmprint databases. This step is performed at the very beginning of the process. This causes the photos to go through pre-processing, which gets rid of the many kinds of noise that were presented. In addition, the grey level co-occurrence matrix, also known as the GLCM, is used to derive the multimodal properties. Following that, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) are utilized so that the total number of features can be reduced to the smallest possible amount. The PSO is utilised so that features can be picked and selects the characteristics from the available set that are the most helpful. Finally, the FCRN classifier is used so that the biometric recognition technique can be carried out by using the training PSO features from the test dataset. In conclusion, the findings of the simulation reveal that the implementation of the suggested MBRS-FCRN led to a reduction in losses and an improvement in accuracy in comparison to previous approaches. The proposed MBRS-FCRN achieved an accuracy of 98.179%, sensitivity of 98.346%, and specificity of 98.186% compared to existing methods.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139184395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Is the determination of the processing efficiency of rock waste using sodium-based inhibiting suspensions to normalize the thermal state of the waste? The problems were solved through methods of mathematical statistics, a method of environmental assessment of options for a technological solution, and x-ray fluorescence analysis of the rock waste samples before their processing using inhibiting suspensions and after it. Indicator analysis of rock waste processing by means of the sodium-based inhibiting suspensions helps elaborate recommendations to use them at the initial stage of the rock waste formation for the provision of ecological stability of mining regions. Relying upon the research results, it has become possible to propose new methods to process rock waste with the help of sodium group solutions owing to which environmental impact on chemical processes within interstitial space of the rock waste is leveled. For the first time, such sodium-based soda solutions as sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium hydroxide have been proposed to process rock waste mass. For the first time, it has been identified that the use of sodium-based inhibiting suspensions while rock waste processing helps minimize its interaction with the environment as well as the thermal oxidation reactions of the rock waste. The research has helped identify interaction between the rock waste mass samples taking into consideration the environmental impact. The proposed methods to perform processing using sodium-based suspensions have been applied for the combined rock waste treatment to avoid environmental risks for mining areas and forecast a level of environmental impact on the rock waste processed with the help of sodium solutions. The abovementioned will help reduce the probability for the development of sulfuric acid zones as the factor favouring rock waste self-ignition processes.
如何确定使用钠基抑制悬浮液处理岩石废料的效率，使废料的热状态正常化？这些问题通过数理统计方法、技术解决方案选择的环境评估方法以及在使用抑制悬浮液处理岩石废料之前和之后对岩石废料样品进行的 X 射线荧光分析得以解决。利用钠基抑制悬浮液处理岩石废料的指标分析有助于制定建议，在岩石废料形成的初始阶段使用这些悬浮液，以确保矿区的生态稳定。在研究成果的基础上，提出了利用钠基溶液处理岩石废料的新方法，从而减轻了岩石废料间隙内化学过程对环境的影响。首次提出了碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠和氢氧化钠等钠基苏打溶液来处理岩石废料。研究首次发现，在处理岩石废料时使用钠基抑制悬浮液有助于最大限度地减少其与环境的相互作用以及岩石废料的热氧化反应。考虑到对环境的影响，这项研究有助于确定岩石废料样本之间的相互作用。提出的使用钠基悬浮液进行处理的方法已应用于岩石废物的综合处理，以避免采矿区的环境风险，并预测在钠溶液帮助下处理的岩石废物对环境的影响程度。上述措施将有助于降低硫酸区的发展概率，因为硫酸区是有利于岩石废物自燃过程的因素。
{"title":"Application efficiency of sodium-based inhibition suspensions while rock waste processing","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/1023269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1023269","url":null,"abstract":"Is the determination of the processing efficiency of rock waste using sodium-based inhibiting suspensions to normalize the thermal state of the waste? The problems were solved through methods of mathematical statistics, a method of environmental assessment of options for a technological solution, and x-ray fluorescence analysis of the rock waste samples before their processing using inhibiting suspensions and after it. Indicator analysis of rock waste processing by means of the sodium-based inhibiting suspensions helps elaborate recommendations to use them at the initial stage of the rock waste formation for the provision of ecological stability of mining regions. Relying upon the research results, it has become possible to propose new methods to process rock waste with the help of sodium group solutions owing to which environmental impact on chemical processes within interstitial space of the rock waste is leveled. For the first time, such sodium-based soda solutions as sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium hydroxide have been proposed to process rock waste mass. For the first time, it has been identified that the use of sodium-based inhibiting suspensions while rock waste processing helps minimize its interaction with the environment as well as the thermal oxidation reactions of the rock waste. The research has helped identify interaction between the rock waste mass samples taking into consideration the environmental impact. The proposed methods to perform processing using sodium-based suspensions have been applied for the combined rock waste treatment to avoid environmental risks for mining areas and forecast a level of environmental impact on the rock waste processed with the help of sodium solutions. The abovementioned will help reduce the probability for the development of sulfuric acid zones as the factor favouring rock waste self-ignition processes.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139183860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, catfish fat by-product was utilized as feedstock in the synthesis of biological base oils. The study performs the effect of parameters on the reaction yield. 91.2% in (H2O2/CH3COOH/C=C) molar ratio of 4.5/1.5/1.0, the temperature of 50 oC, and 3 hours reaction time. The yield of the ring-opening reaction of epoxy with acetic anhydride reached at 90.2% in (acetic anhydride/epoxy) molar ratio of 1.5/1.0, the temperature of 95 oC, and 4.5 hours reaction time. The main functional groups of catfish oil starting material, epoxy catfish oil, and polyester catfish oil final product were identified by FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectral analysis methods. The observed results show that the catfish oil epoxidation reaction with a mixture of H2O2 and CH3COOH and the ring-opening reaction of epoxy with (CH3CO)2O, H2SO4 catalyst has occurred strongly and obtained product of catfish polyester oil could use as an alternative to mineral base oils and an environmentally friendly product.
{"title":"Utilization of catfish fat by-products for the biological base oils synthesis","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/1023265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1023265","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, catfish fat by-product was utilized as feedstock in the synthesis of biological base oils. The study performs the effect of parameters on the reaction yield. 91.2% in (H2O2/CH3COOH/C=C) molar ratio of 4.5/1.5/1.0, the temperature of 50 oC, and 3 hours reaction time. The yield of the ring-opening reaction of epoxy with acetic anhydride reached at 90.2% in (acetic anhydride/epoxy) molar ratio of 1.5/1.0, the temperature of 95 oC, and 4.5 hours reaction time. The main functional groups of catfish oil starting material, epoxy catfish oil, and polyester catfish oil final product were identified by FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectral analysis methods. The observed results show that the catfish oil epoxidation reaction with a mixture of H2O2 and CH3COOH and the ring-opening reaction of epoxy with (CH3CO)2O, H2SO4 catalyst has occurred strongly and obtained product of catfish polyester oil could use as an alternative to mineral base oils and an environmentally friendly product.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"379 1-6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139183579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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