This study aimed to determine the effect of sonification time on the size of clamshell nanoparticles as filler in composite materials. This method of providing clamshell nanoparticles uses a top-down approach. This method makes nano-sized particles directly by reducing large materials through the stages of suspension and separation of nanoparticles. The results showed that the sonification time affected the size of the clamshell nanoparticles. The size of the nanoparticles produced in a volume of 8 ml of surfactant solution with a sonification time of 3 hours was 223.93 nm. The morphology of the spherical nanoparticles, with a crystallinity index of 86.40%, did not show any significant changes in the functional groups during the synthesis process of reducing the size of the shell particles.
{"title":"Effect of sonification time on the preparation of clamshell nanoparticles using cocamidopropyl betaine (Amphitol 24AB) solution as surfactant as filler in composite materials","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/1223319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1223319","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to determine the effect of sonification time on the size of clamshell nanoparticles as filler in\u0000composite materials. This method of providing clamshell nanoparticles uses a top-down approach. This method makes\u0000nano-sized particles directly by reducing large materials through the stages of suspension and separation of nanoparticles.\u0000The results showed that the sonification time affected the size of the clamshell nanoparticles. The size of the nanoparticles\u0000produced in a volume of 8 ml of surfactant solution with a sonification time of 3 hours was 223.93 nm. The morphology of\u0000the spherical nanoparticles, with a crystallinity index of 86.40%, did not show any significant changes in the functional\u0000groups during the synthesis process of reducing the size of the shell particles.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140416484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Power plants give the most to environmental pollution, another important factor nowadays. Power stations must hold carbon credits and follow tight carbon emission restrictions. This is crucial for minimizing global warming and sustaining life. Electric power system planning and operation must meet load demand reliably, cost-effectively, and environmentally. Planners and operators use optimisation tools to attain these goals. In this study, the performance of two new optimisation methods, like the Whale Optimisation Algorithm (WOA), is compared to the performance of two older optimisation methods, like the Moth Flame Optimisation (MFO) and the Ant Lion Optimisation (ALO). When compared to the other two optimisation method, the results from the new optimisation method are better. It is obvious that there are competing goals that must be met. One cannot reasonably expect to achieve both the goal of reducing fuel costs and that of reducing gaseous emissions. In order to aid decision-makers in making the best choices, multi objective optimisation techniques are used to derive trade-off relationships between these incompatible goal functions. In this study, we examine the economic load dispatching issues that arise in the operation of power systems. The objective function of the issue is first analysed as a multi-objective function, with power dispatch and environmental considerations each being addressed as a distinct goal. Both the single- and multi-objective variants are examples of high-dimensional, nonlinear, non-convex constrained optimisation problems. Because of this, employing any optimisation strategy is extremely difficult. Several algorithms, including those that take their cues from nature, have been implemented to help us get as near as possible to optimum solutions tools.
{"title":"Combined economic and emission dispatch using Whale Optimization Algorithm","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/1223321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1223321","url":null,"abstract":"Power plants give the most to environmental pollution, another important factor nowadays. Power stations must\u0000hold carbon credits and follow tight carbon emission restrictions. This is crucial for minimizing global warming and\u0000sustaining life. Electric power system planning and operation must meet load demand reliably, cost-effectively, and\u0000environmentally. Planners and operators use optimisation tools to attain these goals. In this study, the performance of two\u0000new optimisation methods, like the Whale Optimisation Algorithm (WOA), is compared to the performance of two older\u0000optimisation methods, like the Moth Flame Optimisation (MFO) and the Ant Lion Optimisation (ALO). When compared to\u0000the other two optimisation method, the results from the new optimisation method are better. It is obvious that there are\u0000competing goals that must be met. One cannot reasonably expect to achieve both the goal of reducing fuel costs and that of\u0000reducing gaseous emissions. In order to aid decision-makers in making the best choices, multi objective optimisation\u0000techniques are used to derive trade-off relationships between these incompatible goal functions. In this study, we examine\u0000the economic load dispatching issues that arise in the operation of power systems. The objective function of the issue is\u0000first analysed as a multi-objective function, with power dispatch and environmental considerations each being addressed as\u0000a distinct goal. Both the single- and multi-objective variants are examples of high-dimensional, nonlinear, non-convex\u0000constrained optimisation problems. Because of this, employing any optimisation strategy is extremely difficult. Several\u0000algorithms, including those that take their cues from nature, have been implemented to help us get as near as possible to\u0000optimum solutions tools.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140414472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to the worldwide depletion of raw materials required for construction projects, it is becoming clear that alternative and renewable construction materials are needed to reduce the demand for raw materials. Sound concerns arise from the side effects of replacing normal aggregate with tire rubber waste, which is expected to affect mechanical properties of the Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) mixes. To be able to decide on suitable Tire Derived Aggregates (TDA) replacement percentages, a simplified model is proposed to predict the PCC mixes stress-strain diagram with different TDA percentages. 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% TDA were investigated. Using homogenization and lab test results for PCC mixes, 0% and 100% TDA were used as upper and lower bounds, and a model was developed to predict Young’s moduli and stress-strain curves for evaluated PCC mixes. Then the model results were verified using other test results. It was found that the proposed model seems to capture the behaviour of PCC mixes with TDA fairly well. However, peak stress for PCC mixes with 40% TDA results were slightly underestimated, but with reasonable accuracy. Furthermore, the proposed model well predicted the ultimate stresses, ultimate strains, and the elastic modulus.
{"title":"Constitutive modelling to predict behaviour of PCC mixes with tire derived aggregates","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/1223317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1223317","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the worldwide depletion of raw materials required for construction projects, it is becoming clear that\u0000alternative and renewable construction materials are needed to reduce the demand for raw materials. Sound concerns arise\u0000from the side effects of replacing normal aggregate with tire rubber waste, which is expected to affect mechanical\u0000properties of the Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) mixes. To be able to decide on suitable Tire Derived Aggregates (TDA)\u0000replacement percentages, a simplified model is proposed to predict the PCC mixes stress-strain diagram with different\u0000TDA percentages. 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% TDA were investigated. Using homogenization and lab test results for\u0000PCC mixes, 0% and 100% TDA were used as upper and lower bounds, and a model was developed to predict Young’s\u0000moduli and stress-strain curves for evaluated PCC mixes. Then the model results were verified using other test results. It\u0000was found that the proposed model seems to capture the behaviour of PCC mixes with TDA fairly well. However, peak\u0000stress for PCC mixes with 40% TDA results were slightly underestimated, but with reasonable accuracy. Furthermore, the\u0000proposed model well predicted the ultimate stresses, ultimate strains, and the elastic modulus.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140414862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peat soil presents significant challenges in construction due to its low bearing capacity and high compression. Several soil improvement methods are available to address these issues. One viable approach to enhancing soil quality is through lime and cement stabilization. This research aims to investigate the impact of a lime and cement mixture on the physical and mechanical properties of the soil at the research location. The research results reveal that the CBR (California Bearing Ratio) value for the original soil is 5.60%. CBR values increased in specific mixture variations, with the CBR value for the original soil + 3% lime + 5% cement mixture reaching 11.56%. This mixture can be employed in the subgrade, meeting the CBR requirement for road construction subgrade, which is 6%. In the case of the mixture involving the original soil + 10% lime + 10% cement, a CBR value of 26.50% was achieved. The CBR value for subgrade with outstanding criteria for road construction is 20% to 30%. The addition of a lime and cement mixture for peat soil stabilization can significantly enhance the soil's bearing capacity, and increasing the percentage of lime and cement in the mixture leads to higher CBR values.
{"title":"Optimization of a mixture of lime and portland composite cement (PCC) for stabilizing peat soil in road construction","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/1223315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1223315","url":null,"abstract":"Peat soil presents significant challenges in construction due to its low bearing capacity and high compression. Several soil improvement methods are available to address these issues. One viable approach to enhancing soil quality is through lime and cement stabilization. This research aims to investigate the impact of a lime and cement mixture on the physical and mechanical properties of the soil at the research location. The research results reveal that the CBR (California Bearing Ratio) value for the original soil is 5.60%. CBR values increased in specific mixture variations, with the CBR value for the original soil + 3% lime + 5% cement mixture reaching 11.56%. This mixture can be employed in the subgrade, meeting the CBR requirement for road construction subgrade, which is 6%. In the case of the mixture involving the original soil + 10% lime + 10% cement, a CBR value of 26.50% was achieved. The CBR value for subgrade with outstanding criteria for road construction is 20% to 30%. The addition of a lime and cement mixture for peat soil stabilization can significantly enhance the soil's bearing capacity, and increasing the percentage of lime and cement in the mixture leads to higher CBR values.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139786861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salt and spice noise is considered one of the most common types of noise that affect grayscale and color digital images, as it affects them negatively, and this negative effect increases with an increase in the noise ratio. Many digital filters are used to mitigate the negative effects of salt and pepper noise, and the most widely used of these filters are the average filter and the median filter. The average and median filters work on processing all pixels in the image, whether these pixels are intact from the noise or infected with it, and accordingly, mitigating this noise, especially if it has a high noise ratio, is ineffective. In this research paper, new window average and window median filters will be proposed to enhance the performance of standard average and median filters. The proposed filter will treat the infected pixels, leaving the clean pixels as they were. For a noisy pixel, a special window will be created and the pixel value will equal the mean (or average) of the cleaned pixels in the window (excluding the noisy pixels). To simplify the window processing an index window will be used, this window will point to the noisy and cleaned pixels in the selected pixel window. Several images with various values of noise ratios will be tested; several windows with different sizes will be examined to get the most suitable window size. The selected window size will be used to filter various noisy images, the obtained results will be compared with average and median filter results to show the improvements provided by the proposed method.
{"title":"WAF and WMF to improve the performance of average and median filters","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/1223309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1223309","url":null,"abstract":"Salt and spice noise is considered one of the most common types of noise that affect grayscale and color digital images, as it affects them negatively, and this negative effect increases with an increase in the noise ratio. Many digital filters are used to mitigate the negative effects of salt and pepper noise, and the most widely used of these filters are the average filter and the median filter. The average and median filters work on processing all pixels in the image, whether these pixels are intact from the noise or infected with it, and accordingly, mitigating this noise, especially if it has a high noise ratio, is ineffective. In this research paper, new window average and window median filters will be proposed to enhance the performance of standard average and median filters. The proposed filter will treat the infected pixels, leaving the clean pixels as they were. For a noisy pixel, a special window will be created and the pixel value will equal the mean (or average) of the cleaned pixels in the window (excluding the noisy pixels). To simplify the window processing an index window will be used, this window will point to the noisy and cleaned pixels in the selected pixel window. Several images with various values of noise ratios will be tested; several windows with different sizes will be examined to get the most suitable window size. The selected window size will be used to filter various noisy images, the obtained results will be compared with average and median filter results to show the improvements provided by the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139786562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The 210 MW HP, IP, and LP Turbine Rotor are mounted in the log bearings that are lubricated to prevent friction. You should not have direct contact with each other with the rotor shaft and bearings. Direct contact is avoided by developing an oil film layer between the shaft and the bearing [1]. To allow the oil film to be formed, the lube oil header pressure should be maintained at 2.8 ksc. The separate lube oil scheme provides the bearings with continuous lubrication. The header pressure monitoring, main oil tank level, redundancy scheme, and the lube oil coolers for lube oil pumps [3] are concerned with the relevant monitoring and control of the lube oil system. The current monitoring and controlling device is relay logic and each function is run separately. This research work has included level monitoring of MOT, pressure monitoring of lube oil coolers, and redundancy devices using the PIC Microcontroller for lube oil pumps in a single system.
{"title":"Effective oversight and management of steam turbine lubrication system using smart sensors","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/1223311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1223311","url":null,"abstract":"The 210 MW HP, IP, and LP Turbine Rotor are mounted in the log bearings that are lubricated to prevent friction. You should not have direct contact with each other with the rotor shaft and bearings. Direct contact is avoided by developing an oil film layer between the shaft and the bearing [1]. To allow the oil film to be formed, the lube oil header pressure should be maintained at 2.8 ksc. The separate lube oil scheme provides the bearings with continuous lubrication. The header pressure monitoring, main oil tank level, redundancy scheme, and the lube oil coolers for lube oil pumps [3] are concerned with the relevant monitoring and control of the lube oil system. The current monitoring and controlling device is relay logic and each function is run separately. This research work has included level monitoring of MOT, pressure monitoring of lube oil coolers, and redundancy devices using the PIC Microcontroller for lube oil pumps in a single system.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139846172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional and temporary bunkhouses are typically constructed of wood and lumber. As a result, the use of trees is maximized. With this, deforestation contributes to climate change. This research aims to create a mobile bunkhouse where the wood will be replaced with eco-friendly, sustainable, lightweight, and durable materials such as Galvanized iron, Steels, Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), and Acrylic (PolyMethyl MethAcrylate or PMMA), making this study viable. The mobile bunkhouse is equipped with a site office, a restroom, a kitchen, a storage room, and a dormitory-typed bedroom. Moreover, the mobile bunkhouse is 75% more expensive than the temporary bunkhouse. However, the return on investment will be realized within one to two years. With this, the mobile bunkhouse is designed to withstand a maximum wind velocity of 155 kph and a maximum of 1.25m flood level, making it a calamity-proof structure per the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) 2015 and the National Building Code of the Philippines. Thus, the wheeled structure can be viewed as a long-term solution that can be the best substitute for a conventional and temporary bunkhouse.
{"title":"A sustainable, eco-friendly and disaster-proof design of mobile bunkhouse for construction industry application","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/1223308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1223308","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional and temporary bunkhouses are typically constructed of wood and lumber. As a result, the use of trees is maximized. With this, deforestation contributes to climate change. This research aims to create a mobile bunkhouse where the wood will be replaced with eco-friendly, sustainable, lightweight, and durable materials such as Galvanized iron, Steels, Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), and Acrylic (PolyMethyl MethAcrylate or PMMA), making this study viable. The mobile bunkhouse is equipped with a site office, a restroom, a kitchen, a storage room, and a dormitory-typed bedroom. Moreover, the mobile bunkhouse is 75% more expensive than the temporary bunkhouse. However, the return on investment will be realized within one to two years. With this, the mobile bunkhouse is designed to withstand a maximum wind velocity of 155 kph and a maximum of 1.25m flood level, making it a calamity-proof structure per the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) 2015 and the National Building Code of the Philippines. Thus, the wheeled structure can be viewed as a long-term solution that can be the best substitute for a conventional and temporary bunkhouse.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139846429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Protecting digital speech files is an important issue. In this paper's research, a simplified method of speech file cryptography will be provided, and the encryption and decryption functions will require a reduced number of operations. The encryption function will perform a put_operation to reorder the speech sample to get the encrypted file, while the decryption function will perform a get_operation to reorder the encrypted samples to get the decrypted speech file; these operations will be implemented based on the generated secret indices key. The Put and get operations will affect the speech file by recording the samples keeping the histograms of the speech files (source, encrypted, and decrypted) the same and without any changes. The secret key generation phase will be analyzed for efficiency purposes, and two methods will be presented: The first one will use the chaotic logistic map model to generate the secret indices key, while the second method will use a selected secret image to generate the secret indices key, both methods will be tested and examined to give some recommendations for the users. Each of the introduced methods will provide a high level of security, the private keys will provide a huge key space and they will be very sensitive to resist any hacking attacks. The quality, sensitivity, security, and speed of the proposed methods will be examined, the method will be tested and implemented, and the obtained results will be analyzed to prove the achievements provided by the proposed method.
{"title":"A detailed study of speech signal cryptography using simple Put _operation and Get_operation","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/1223310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1223310","url":null,"abstract":"Protecting digital speech files is an important issue. In this paper's research, a simplified method of speech file cryptography will be provided, and the encryption and decryption functions will require a reduced number of operations. The encryption function will perform a put_operation to reorder the speech sample to get the encrypted file, while the decryption function will perform a get_operation to reorder the encrypted samples to get the decrypted speech file; these operations will be implemented based on the generated secret indices key. The Put and get operations will affect the speech file by recording the samples keeping the histograms of the speech files (source, encrypted, and decrypted) the same and without any changes. The secret key generation phase will be analyzed for efficiency purposes, and two methods will be presented: The first one will use the chaotic logistic map model to generate the secret indices key, while the second method will use a selected secret image to generate the secret indices key, both methods will be tested and examined to give some recommendations for the users. Each of the introduced methods will provide a high level of security, the private keys will provide a huge key space and they will be very sensitive to resist any hacking attacks. The quality, sensitivity, security, and speed of the proposed methods will be examined, the method will be tested and implemented, and the obtained results will be analyzed to prove the achievements provided by the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139786157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study employs Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) to explore co-pyrolysis potential using polystyrene (PS) and coconut sawmill residue (CSR) for liquid fuel production. Two distinct degradation stages are observed in CSR-PS blends, mirroring pure CSR samples: the initial phase (200-400°C) decomposes biomass components, while the second stage (400-550°C) targets the synthetic polymer PS within CSR-PS blends. Analyzing thermal degradation parameters reveals insights. 100% PS exhibits the highest weight loss and activation energy, highlighting PS's formidable decomposition. Conversely, 100% CSR shows the lowest weight loss and activation energy due to its organic composition. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling indicates varying correlation accuracies for different blend compositions. Surprisingly, 100% PS exhibits lower correlation accuracy in predicting weight loss compared to the 80% PS blend, which achieves a perfect correlation. Conversely, 100% CSR, with simpler decomposition, has the lowest correlation accuracy. These findings illuminate the complex thermal behavior of CSR-PS blends, emphasizing the distinct degradation characteristics of PS and CSR. Implications extend to material applications and disposal strategies, emphasizing tailored approaches based on blend compositions and thermal profiles. This research advances co-pyrolysis as a sustainable avenue for liquid fuel production, providing insights for future research and practical applications.
{"title":"Exploring sustainable fuel production through thermal behavior analysis using TGA and artificial neural network in the co-pyrolysis of polystyrene and coconut sawmill residue","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/1223306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1223306","url":null,"abstract":"This study employs Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) to explore co-pyrolysis potential using polystyrene (PS) and coconut sawmill residue (CSR) for liquid fuel production. Two distinct degradation stages are observed in CSR-PS blends, mirroring pure CSR samples: the initial phase (200-400°C) decomposes biomass components, while the second stage (400-550°C) targets the synthetic polymer PS within CSR-PS blends. Analyzing thermal degradation parameters reveals insights. 100% PS exhibits the highest weight loss and activation energy, highlighting PS's formidable decomposition. Conversely, 100% CSR shows the lowest weight loss and activation energy due to its organic composition. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modeling indicates varying correlation accuracies for different blend compositions. Surprisingly, 100% PS exhibits lower correlation accuracy in predicting weight loss compared to the 80% PS blend, which achieves a perfect correlation. Conversely, 100% CSR, with simpler decomposition, has the lowest correlation accuracy. These findings illuminate the complex thermal behavior of CSR-PS blends, emphasizing the distinct degradation characteristics of PS and CSR. Implications extend to material applications and disposal strategies, emphasizing tailored approaches based on blend compositions and thermal profiles. This research advances co-pyrolysis as a sustainable avenue for liquid fuel production, providing insights for future research and practical applications.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139787318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditional and temporary bunkhouses are typically constructed of wood and lumber. As a result, the use of trees is maximized. With this, deforestation contributes to climate change. This research aims to create a mobile bunkhouse where the wood will be replaced with eco-friendly, sustainable, lightweight, and durable materials such as Galvanized iron, Steels, Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), and Acrylic (PolyMethyl MethAcrylate or PMMA), making this study viable. The mobile bunkhouse is equipped with a site office, a restroom, a kitchen, a storage room, and a dormitory-typed bedroom. Moreover, the mobile bunkhouse is 75% more expensive than the temporary bunkhouse. However, the return on investment will be realized within one to two years. With this, the mobile bunkhouse is designed to withstand a maximum wind velocity of 155 kph and a maximum of 1.25m flood level, making it a calamity-proof structure per the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) 2015 and the National Building Code of the Philippines. Thus, the wheeled structure can be viewed as a long-term solution that can be the best substitute for a conventional and temporary bunkhouse.
{"title":"A sustainable, eco-friendly and disaster-proof design of mobile bunkhouse for construction industry application","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/1223308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1223308","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional and temporary bunkhouses are typically constructed of wood and lumber. As a result, the use of trees is maximized. With this, deforestation contributes to climate change. This research aims to create a mobile bunkhouse where the wood will be replaced with eco-friendly, sustainable, lightweight, and durable materials such as Galvanized iron, Steels, Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), and Acrylic (PolyMethyl MethAcrylate or PMMA), making this study viable. The mobile bunkhouse is equipped with a site office, a restroom, a kitchen, a storage room, and a dormitory-typed bedroom. Moreover, the mobile bunkhouse is 75% more expensive than the temporary bunkhouse. However, the return on investment will be realized within one to two years. With this, the mobile bunkhouse is designed to withstand a maximum wind velocity of 155 kph and a maximum of 1.25m flood level, making it a calamity-proof structure per the National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) 2015 and the National Building Code of the Philippines. Thus, the wheeled structure can be viewed as a long-term solution that can be the best substitute for a conventional and temporary bunkhouse.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139786317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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