This study aims to develop evaluation methods on salinity level and Electrical Conductivity (EC) of salt-affected areas at ground level through Remote Sensing Techniques. The research methodology was divided into 1) analyzing data obtained from Landsat-8 satellite along with 3 formats of spectral indices, i.e., Salinity Index (SI), Brightness Index (BI), and Normalized Difference Salinity Index (NDSI); 2) conducting field survey to measure Electrical Conductivity (EC) of salt-affected areas in ground level; and 3) conducting linear regression analysis with analyzed data obtained from Landsat-8 satellite and electrical conductivity of salt-affected areas in ground level. The results revealed that SI had a relationship with EC of saline soil at ground level at the highest level with a Confidence Interval of over 70% (R2 = 0.758) and correlation coefficient over 80% (R= 0.870). From such a linear relationship, a map of the distribution of saline soil in the research area could be created. From the total research areas of 73.40 km2, distribution of salt-affected areas in ground level could be divided into 5 levels (calculated to be % per area), i.e., highest level (>16 ds/m), high level (8-16 dS/m), moderate level (4-8 dS/m), low level (2-4 dS/m), and none (area with no effect from saline soil in ground level) (0-2 dS/m) with value of 0.01%, 0.01%, 40%, 59.71%, and 0.01%, respectively.
{"title":"Evaluation on salinity level and Electrical Conductivity of salt-affected areas in ground level through Remote Sensing Techniques","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/012411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/012411","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to develop evaluation methods on salinity level and Electrical Conductivity (EC) of salt-affected areas at ground level through Remote Sensing Techniques. The research methodology was divided into 1) analyzing data obtained from Landsat-8 satellite along with 3 formats of spectral indices, i.e., Salinity Index (SI), Brightness Index (BI), and Normalized Difference Salinity Index (NDSI); 2) conducting field survey to measure Electrical Conductivity (EC) of salt-affected areas in ground level; and 3) conducting linear regression analysis with analyzed data obtained from Landsat-8 satellite and electrical conductivity of salt-affected areas in ground level. The results revealed that SI had a relationship with EC of saline soil at ground level at the highest level with a Confidence Interval of over 70% (R2 = 0.758) and correlation coefficient over 80% (R= 0.870). From such a linear relationship, a map of the distribution of saline soil in the research area could be created. From the total research areas of 73.40 km2, distribution of salt-affected areas in ground level could be divided into 5 levels (calculated to be % per area), i.e., highest level (>16 ds/m), high level (8-16 dS/m), moderate level (4-8 dS/m), low level (2-4 dS/m), and none (area with no effect from saline soil in ground level) (0-2 dS/m) with value of 0.01%, 0.01%, 40%, 59.71%, and 0.01%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140250150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we use a loop matrix to describe the reorganisation of the RDN's formulation. Calculation time is increased when an optimum reorganisation is determined analytically. More network buses means more time to calculate. Therefore, a technique of optimisation is required to determine the best reorganisation of the radial distribution system. The optimum reorganisation aims to reduce network losses to a minimum and the voltage profile is enhanced. Loop matrices are used to describe the re-formulation of the radial distribution system. The analytical technique of identifying optimum reconfiguration involves additional calculation time. The computational complexity grows as the system's bus count rises. Therefore, a search for the best possible radial distribution system reconfiguration necessitates an optimization technique. The ideal reconfiguration focuses mostly on reducing the system's overall loss. The genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and whale optimization algorithm (WOA) are the optimization methods used in this paper. Two test systems consisting of 119 buses, and 135 buses are used to evaluate the effectiveness of various optimization strategies. The outcomes are then compared with one another.
{"title":"Analysis of large scale distribution network using Whale Optimization Algorithm","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/012416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/012416","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we use a loop matrix to describe the reorganisation of the RDN's formulation. Calculation time is increased when an optimum reorganisation is determined analytically. More network buses means more time to calculate. Therefore, a technique of optimisation is required to determine the best reorganisation of the radial distribution system. The optimum reorganisation aims to reduce network losses to a minimum and the voltage profile is enhanced. Loop matrices are used to describe the re-formulation of the radial distribution system. The analytical technique of identifying optimum reconfiguration involves additional calculation time. The computational complexity grows as the system's bus count rises. Therefore, a search for the best possible radial distribution system reconfiguration necessitates an optimization technique. The ideal reconfiguration focuses mostly on reducing the system's overall loss. The genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and whale optimization algorithm (WOA) are the optimization methods used in this paper. Two test systems consisting of 119 buses, and 135 buses are used to evaluate the effectiveness of various optimization strategies. The outcomes are then compared with one another.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"25 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140248695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The authors of the article developed polymer composites based on aromatic polyamides, fluoropolymers, and phenolic resins, which have higher physical and mechanical properties than such construction materials as bronze and babbitt. These details, also have similar properties to carbon steels, and in terms of tribological properties, they are significantly superior to them. Polymer composite materials (PCM) were obtained by standard technology, as well as by combining (in situ) the initial components of polymer compositions. The effectiveness of the use of parts from the developed PCM in friction and sealing units of machines and mechanisms of the chemical and agricultural industry has been confirmed. These are the details: sealing of the cantilever shaft of the anchor stirrer; sliding bearings of the soil copying mechanism of the John Deere 1780 seeding machines and the damping mechanism of the cultivator's arrow paw; guide bushings of the movable traverse of the hydraulic press for polymer processing; overlays on the sliding guides of the moving table of the grinding machine (OШ 143).
{"title":"Practice of using parts made of the heat-resistant polymer composites in the chemical industry and agricultural engineering","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/012415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/012415","url":null,"abstract":"The authors of the article developed polymer composites based on aromatic polyamides, fluoropolymers, and phenolic resins, which have higher physical and mechanical properties than such construction materials as bronze and babbitt. These details, also have similar properties to carbon steels, and in terms of tribological properties, they are significantly superior to them. Polymer composite materials (PCM) were obtained by standard technology, as well as by combining (in situ) the initial components of polymer compositions. The effectiveness of the use of parts from the developed PCM in friction and sealing units of machines and mechanisms of the chemical and agricultural industry has been confirmed. These are the details: sealing of the cantilever shaft of the anchor stirrer; sliding bearings of the soil copying mechanism of the John Deere 1780 seeding machines and the damping mechanism of the cultivator's arrow paw; guide bushings of the movable traverse of the hydraulic press for polymer processing; overlays on the sliding guides of the moving table of the grinding machine (OШ 143).","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"38 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140250162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effective utilization of available sources in equating the load demand on an hourly basis can be implemented using unit commitment. This paper presents the novel hybrid method which is the amalgamation of a whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and a self-organizing migrating algorithm (SOMA) for obtaining the optimal value of an optimization problem related to unit commitment. The WOA method is applied for assessing optimal strength population from the stochastically generated populations which is essential in a migrating loop. SOMA works on the strategy of ALL to ALL. Two test systems are considered to evaluate the potential of the proposed hybrid method. Initially, a four-unit system is conducted followed by IEEE 39 bus system. The obtained simulation outcome is made comparison with the literature methods to address the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid WAO-SOMA.
{"title":"Scheduling of thermal unit on hourly basis using novel hybrid WOA-SOMA","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/1223325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1223325","url":null,"abstract":"The effective utilization of available sources in equating the load demand on an hourly basis can be implemented\u0000using unit commitment. This paper presents the novel hybrid method which is the amalgamation of a whale optimization\u0000algorithm (WOA) and a self-organizing migrating algorithm (SOMA) for obtaining the optimal value of an optimization\u0000problem related to unit commitment. The WOA method is applied for assessing optimal strength population from the\u0000stochastically generated populations which is essential in a migrating loop. SOMA works on the strategy of ALL to ALL.\u0000Two test systems are considered to evaluate the potential of the proposed hybrid method. Initially, a four-unit system is\u0000conducted followed by IEEE 39 bus system. The obtained simulation outcome is made comparison with the literature\u0000methods to address the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid WAO-SOMA.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"67 E-3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140415412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Transportation is the movement/transfer of both people and goods from one place of origin to a destination. In this transfer or movement, of course, transportation is used in the form of a vehicle, which in its operation produces noises such as the sound of an engine coming out through the exhaust or horn. At a certain level, these sounds can still be tolerated in the sense that the effects they cause are not a nuisance, but at a higher level, the sound produced by the vehicle is already a nuisance or pollution called noise. The formulation of this problem is, a) is there an influence of the volume of public transport vehicles on noise? b) Is there an effect of non-public transport volume on noise? c) how big is the noise effect caused by the volume of public transport? d) how big is the noise effect caused by non-public transport volumes? This research aims to find out how much influence the volume of public transport and non-public transport traffic has on noise. The novelty of this research is the continuation of the influence of noise caused by the volume of public and non-public transportation. The conclusion is that the influence of public transport traffic volume does not have a significant influence on the noise that occurs. From all analytical calculations, the greatest similarity was found on the second day of research at the third point (Sound Level Meter 3), with a contribution of 12.1%. From this analytical calculation, we get the equation as below, namely: Y = a + bX1 = 70.718 + 0.013X1. This means that if there is no increase in public transport volume, the noise level at SLM 3 will be 70,718 dBA. For every additional volume of public transport by 0.013 vehicles/hour, the noise will increase by 0.013 dBA at SLM 3. The volume of non-public transport traffic has a significant influence on the noise that occurs. From all analytical calculations, it was found that the greatest similarity was on the fourth day of the research. point (Sound Level Meter 1) with a contribution of 19.5%.
运输是指将人和货物从起始地运送到目的地。当然，在这种转移或移动中，运输是以车辆的形式进行的，而车辆在运行过程中会产生噪音，如发动机通过排气管或喇叭发出的声音。在一定程度上，这些声音还可以被容忍，因为它们所造成的影响并不是一种滋扰，但在更高的程度上，车辆产生的声音已经是一种滋扰或污染，被称为噪音。这个问题的表述是：a) 公共交通车辆的体积对噪声有影响吗？ b) 非公共交通的体积对噪声有影响吗？ c) 公共交通的体积对噪声的影响有多大？本研究的目的是了解公共交通和非公共交通的交通量对噪声的影响有多大。结论是公共交通流量对噪声的影响不大。在所有分析计算中，研究第二天在第三点（声级计 3）的相似性最大，占 12.1%。根据这一分析计算，我们可以得出以下等式，即Y = a + bX1 = 70.718 + 0.013X1。这意味着，如果公共交通量不增加，SLM 3 的噪音水平将为 70 718 分贝。公共交通量每增加 0.013 架次/小时， SLM 3 的噪音水平就会增加 0.013 分贝。非公共交通的交通量对产生的噪音有很大影响。从所有分析计算中发现，最大的相似性出现在研究的第四天（声级计 1），占 19.5%。
{"title":"Study on public transport and non-public transport volumes on sustainable noise","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/1223316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1223316","url":null,"abstract":"Transportation is the movement/transfer of both people and goods from one place of origin to a destination. In this\u0000transfer or movement, of course, transportation is used in the form of a vehicle, which in its operation produces noises such\u0000as the sound of an engine coming out through the exhaust or horn. At a certain level, these sounds can still be tolerated in\u0000the sense that the effects they cause are not a nuisance, but at a higher level, the sound produced by the vehicle is already a\u0000nuisance or pollution called noise. The formulation of this problem is, a) is there an influence of the volume of public\u0000transport vehicles on noise? b) Is there an effect of non-public transport volume on noise? c) how big is the noise effect\u0000caused by the volume of public transport? d) how big is the noise effect caused by non-public transport volumes? This\u0000research aims to find out how much influence the volume of public transport and non-public transport traffic has on noise.\u0000The novelty of this research is the continuation of the influence of noise caused by the volume of public and non-public\u0000transportation. The conclusion is that the influence of public transport traffic volume does not have a significant influence\u0000on the noise that occurs. From all analytical calculations, the greatest similarity was found on the second day of research at\u0000the third point (Sound Level Meter 3), with a contribution of 12.1%. From this analytical calculation, we get the equation\u0000as below, namely: Y = a + bX1 = 70.718 + 0.013X1. This means that if there is no increase in public transport volume, the\u0000noise level at SLM 3 will be 70,718 dBA. For every additional volume of public transport by 0.013 vehicles/hour, the noise\u0000will increase by 0.013 dBA at SLM 3. The volume of non-public transport traffic has a significant influence on the noise\u0000that occurs. From all analytical calculations, it was found that the greatest similarity was on the fourth day of the research.\u0000point (Sound Level Meter 1) with a contribution of 19.5%.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"17 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140409657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Energy-harvesting photovoltaic (PV) systems are common, but due to the challenges in managing the output, they raise serious difficulties. Climate variables have an impact on the uneven output performance of PV panels. The sunlight and the surrounding environment are unlimited making it challenging to estimate a PV panel system's output of electricity. Not only that, The PV panel will only provide power in parallel with its rated capacity under the Standard Test Condition (STC). STC requires 1000 Watts of sun energy per meter square of solar irradiance and cell temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Therefore, the changing weather, which will impact the output power, requires prediction. Since the PV panel output will not generate according to its rating, PV power generation predictions requiring calculations of elements such as weather, sun hours, and temperature play a significant role. Hence, this research is related to the prediction of the optimum photovoltaic output based on cell temperature and local solar irradiation. The novelty of this research is all of the surrounding parameters used to predict the PV output are focused on the local area in Batu Pahat, Johor where the UTHM campus is located.
{"title":"Prediction of the optimum photovoltaic output based on cell temperature and solar irradiance","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/1223318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1223318","url":null,"abstract":"Energy-harvesting photovoltaic (PV) systems are common, but due to the challenges in managing the output, they\u0000raise serious difficulties. Climate variables have an impact on the uneven output performance of PV panels. The sunlight\u0000and the surrounding environment are unlimited making it challenging to estimate a PV panel system's output of electricity.\u0000Not only that, The PV panel will only provide power in parallel with its rated capacity under the Standard Test Condition\u0000(STC). STC requires 1000 Watts of sun energy per meter square of solar irradiance and cell temperature of 25 degrees\u0000Celsius. Therefore, the changing weather, which will impact the output power, requires prediction. Since the PV panel\u0000output will not generate according to its rating, PV power generation predictions requiring calculations of elements such as\u0000weather, sun hours, and temperature play a significant role. Hence, this research is related to the prediction of the optimum\u0000photovoltaic output based on cell temperature and local solar irradiation. The novelty of this research is all of the\u0000surrounding parameters used to predict the PV output are focused on the local area in Batu Pahat, Johor where the UTHM\u0000campus is located.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"9 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140409848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The current geopolitical climate has highlighted the significance of maximizing the world's energy potential. The optimal use of available assets lowers the cost of electricity to customers. This study proposes a multi-objective ideal power flow for a composite transmission network with FACTS devices. The multi-objective function used in this work is a novel approach. Objectives include minimizing voltage variance, power loss, and negative social welfare (NSW). New South Wales customers should be delighted with lower electricity bills per unit provided and less loss. This problem was resolved using a Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) FACTS device. Theory was tested using an IEEE 30 bus system. Mouth Flame Optimization Algorithm maximized the objective function. The results are detailed, compared, and assessed.
{"title":"A Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator based OPF for social welfare","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/1223323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1223323","url":null,"abstract":"The current geopolitical climate has highlighted the significance of maximizing the world's energy potential. The\u0000optimal use of available assets lowers the cost of electricity to customers. This study proposes a multi-objective ideal\u0000power flow for a composite transmission network with FACTS devices. The multi-objective function used in this work is a\u0000novel approach. Objectives include minimizing voltage variance, power loss, and negative social welfare (NSW). New\u0000South Wales customers should be delighted with lower electricity bills per unit provided and less loss. This problem was\u0000resolved using a Thyristor Controlled Series Compensator (TCSC) FACTS device. Theory was tested using an IEEE 30\u0000bus system. Mouth Flame Optimization Algorithm maximized the objective function. The results are detailed, compared,\u0000and assessed.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"42 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140414228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Consideration of transmission line capacity and the optimal power flow (OPF) determines the locational marginal price (LMP), which in turn determines the performance and profitability of a producing unit. Reducing the total cost of the generators can lead to a drop in the market price of electricity. It is recommended to use numerical and repetition-based approaches for solving power flow equations due to their nonlinear nature. In order to achieve the ideal power flow at an affordable price, this paper employs a Moth Flame Optimization (MFO) to solve the equations. We then enhance the MFO's structure to make it more effective at performing the simultaneous calculations of power passing through transmission lines. One FACTS tool that has been utilized to overcome this problem is the Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation (TCSC). Lastly, the proposed MFO algorithm would include the following parameters in its output: bus voltages, line losses, produced power, total generating expenditures, and generator profits. Testing the proposed method on the IEEE 57-BUS network also shows that it improves upon the OPF problem.
{"title":"Optimal power flow of power system with Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation using moth flame optimization with locational marginal price","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/1223324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1223324","url":null,"abstract":"Consideration of transmission line capacity and the optimal power flow (OPF) determines the locational marginal\u0000price (LMP), which in turn determines the performance and profitability of a producing unit. Reducing the total cost of the\u0000generators can lead to a drop in the market price of electricity. It is recommended to use numerical and repetition-based\u0000approaches for solving power flow equations due to their nonlinear nature. In order to achieve the ideal power flow at an\u0000affordable price, this paper employs a Moth Flame Optimization (MFO) to solve the equations. We then enhance the\u0000MFO's structure to make it more effective at performing the simultaneous calculations of power passing through\u0000transmission lines. One FACTS tool that has been utilized to overcome this problem is the Thyristor Controlled Series\u0000Compensation (TCSC). Lastly, the proposed MFO algorithm would include the following parameters in its output: bus\u0000voltages, line losses, produced power, total generating expenditures, and generator profits. Testing the proposed method on\u0000the IEEE 57-BUS network also shows that it improves upon the OPF problem.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140414426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water is a very important human need. In Indonesia, particularly on a large scale, the provision of clean and hygienic water is still centered in metropolitan areas and is run by city drinking water organizations. Upon examination of water samples taken from one of the sources, it was discovered that Fe, Mn, Zn, and Pb heavy metal concentrations (1.475, 1.684, 19.635, and 0.294 mg/L) exceeded the requirements for clean water for hygienic and sanitary reasons. Comparing adsorption to other methods, it is generally the easier, more efficient, cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and simple to use way. Banana peel-activated carbon (BPAC), banana peel-activated carbon chitosan (BPACh), banana peel glutaraldehyde activated carbon (BPACGl), and banana peel-activated carbon EdTA (BPACEd) have all been used in the synthesis of BPAC nanoadsorbents both without and with additives. According to the results of the AAS analysis, BPACh nanoadsorbents had a greater adsorption percentage than pure BPAC and other materials with additions. BPACh's crystal size was found to range from 7.5 nm at low temperature to 28.5 nm at high temperature, according to structural characterization. Aggregation was detected by surface morphological characterization, and the BPACh material's maximum carbon purity was 88.15%. Contact time and solution pH have an impact on adsorption. At a contact duration of 30 minutes, a stirring speed of 200 rpm, and a solution pH of 6 with 76.97%, the best adsorption took place. Toxic heavy metals can be removed more effectively with BPACh nanoadsorbents.
{"title":"Removal of toxic heavy metal by a cost-free and eco-friendly BPAC nanoadsorbent","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/1223320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1223320","url":null,"abstract":"Water is a very important human need. In Indonesia, particularly on a large scale, the provision of clean and\u0000hygienic water is still centered in metropolitan areas and is run by city drinking water organizations. Upon examination of\u0000water samples taken from one of the sources, it was discovered that Fe, Mn, Zn, and Pb heavy metal concentrations (1.475,\u00001.684, 19.635, and 0.294 mg/L) exceeded the requirements for clean water for hygienic and sanitary reasons. Comparing\u0000adsorption to other methods, it is generally the easier, more efficient, cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and simple\u0000to use way. Banana peel-activated carbon (BPAC), banana peel-activated carbon chitosan (BPACh), banana peel\u0000glutaraldehyde activated carbon (BPACGl), and banana peel-activated carbon EdTA (BPACEd) have all been used in the\u0000synthesis of BPAC nanoadsorbents both without and with additives. According to the results of the AAS analysis, BPACh\u0000nanoadsorbents had a greater adsorption percentage than pure BPAC and other materials with additions. BPACh's crystal\u0000size was found to range from 7.5 nm at low temperature to 28.5 nm at high temperature, according to structural\u0000characterization. Aggregation was detected by surface morphological characterization, and the BPACh material's\u0000maximum carbon purity was 88.15%. Contact time and solution pH have an impact on adsorption. At a contact duration of\u000030 minutes, a stirring speed of 200 rpm, and a solution pH of 6 with 76.97%, the best adsorption took place. Toxic heavy\u0000metals can be removed more effectively with BPACh nanoadsorbents.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"16 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140412520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The problem of creating an optimal schedule is considered, which consists in finding the optimal distribution of educational classes for a certain period under given restrictions. Sequential and parallel scheduling methods based on genetic search have been developed. The proposed methods use adapted and modified initialization, crossover, and selection operators. Algorithms, using the objective function, minimize conflicts between classes and the time interval between classes, taking into account the recommended time and venue. The developed methods allow you to speed up the time for planning the educational process and avoid mistakes when creating a schedule. A comparative analysis was conducted between the classical and modified genetic algorithms, and it was found that the modified algorithm works faster and more efficiently than the classical one. The performance of the modified algorithm was also compared with different genetic algorithm operators and parameters to determine the best ones. The obtained results allow us to propose effective methods for improving the quality of scheduling and improving the learning process at the university.
{"title":"A modified genetic method for automatic scheduling","authors":"","doi":"10.59018/1223322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.59018/1223322","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of creating an optimal schedule is considered, which consists in finding the optimal distribution of\u0000educational classes for a certain period under given restrictions. Sequential and parallel scheduling methods based on\u0000genetic search have been developed. The proposed methods use adapted and modified initialization, crossover, and\u0000selection operators. Algorithms, using the objective function, minimize conflicts between classes and the time interval\u0000between classes, taking into account the recommended time and venue. The developed methods allow you to speed up the\u0000time for planning the educational process and avoid mistakes when creating a schedule. A comparative analysis was\u0000conducted between the classical and modified genetic algorithms, and it was found that the modified algorithm works\u0000faster and more efficiently than the classical one. The performance of the modified algorithm was also compared with\u0000different genetic algorithm operators and parameters to determine the best ones. The obtained results allow us to propose\u0000effective methods for improving the quality of scheduling and improving the learning process at the university.","PeriodicalId":38652,"journal":{"name":"ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"1978 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140416713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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