{"title":"Piers Plowman: The A Version by William Langland (review)","authors":"Tekla Bude","doi":"10.1353/dph.2022.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dph.2022.0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":387346,"journal":{"name":"Digital Philology: A Journal of Medieval Cultures","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130662284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:The Chertsey tiles (c. 1250) rank among the best known and most elaborate medieval floor tiles in England. Their pictorial roundels, some of which display Richard the Lionheart and Saladin in combat, have received substantial attention in scholarship, partly because medieval images of the Crusades are surprisingly rare. Nonetheless, although the Chertsey tiles' representation of Richard and Saladin's (fictional) battle has appeared broadly in contemporary print and online media, the puzzle of the Latin texts that originally accompanied these roundels has remained unaddressed. This is largely due to their physical state: although probably intended for Westminster Palace under Henry III and Eleanor of Provence, they were discovered as a pile of fragments at Chertsey Abbey in Surrey, England.While previous scholars have pieced together the tiles' pictorial iconography, the Latin texts, till now, have remained a puzzle. The tiles evince an unusual form of textual fragmentation: sequences of one to four letters remain, but due to their disordered state at discovery, the ordering of these sequences has been unclear. This essay presents an interpretation of the eighty-five extant textual fragments in this series, reconstructing words and some phrases. These phrases suggest particular sources for the combat tiles' learned program of text and image, ranging from English royal seals to widespread traditions regarding the Old Testament hero Samson, to Latin histories of warfare. Reconstructions of the original appearance of the famous roundels when surrounded by their Latin texts are included.
{"title":"Fragmented Tile, Fragmented Text: Richard the Lionheart on Crusade and the Lost Latin Texts of the Chertsey Combat Tiles (c. 1250)","authors":"Amanda Luyster","doi":"10.1353/dph.2022.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dph.2022.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The Chertsey tiles (c. 1250) rank among the best known and most elaborate medieval floor tiles in England. Their pictorial roundels, some of which display Richard the Lionheart and Saladin in combat, have received substantial attention in scholarship, partly because medieval images of the Crusades are surprisingly rare. Nonetheless, although the Chertsey tiles' representation of Richard and Saladin's (fictional) battle has appeared broadly in contemporary print and online media, the puzzle of the Latin texts that originally accompanied these roundels has remained unaddressed. This is largely due to their physical state: although probably intended for Westminster Palace under Henry III and Eleanor of Provence, they were discovered as a pile of fragments at Chertsey Abbey in Surrey, England.While previous scholars have pieced together the tiles' pictorial iconography, the Latin texts, till now, have remained a puzzle. The tiles evince an unusual form of textual fragmentation: sequences of one to four letters remain, but due to their disordered state at discovery, the ordering of these sequences has been unclear. This essay presents an interpretation of the eighty-five extant textual fragments in this series, reconstructing words and some phrases. These phrases suggest particular sources for the combat tiles' learned program of text and image, ranging from English royal seals to widespread traditions regarding the Old Testament hero Samson, to Latin histories of warfare. Reconstructions of the original appearance of the famous roundels when surrounded by their Latin texts are included.","PeriodicalId":387346,"journal":{"name":"Digital Philology: A Journal of Medieval Cultures","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128925759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Etymological dictionaries declare that the origins of the word coconut are found in Spanish and Portuguese, and they trace its earliest attestations to explorer accounts. While potentially true in a literal sense, this common narrative cloaks a much older European history of the fruit. By 1500, the name Indian nut for what we today call coconut was at least 1,000 years old and used in languages across Europe. In some specialist fields, Latinate Europeans also knew Arabic and even Sanskrit names for coconut. As European nations began conquering other parts of the world, however, they renamed the Indian nut, taking control of the name as they began to take control of the trade routes on which coconuts traveled.After documenting medieval European names for coconut, this essay considers England's post-medieval adoption of the term coconut as a case study, linking its linguistic adoption of the name to the conquest and colonization of Jamaica in the second half of the seventeenth century. If Indian nut evoked precolonial relationships in which Europe was poor and India rich, coconut expressed Europe's new power and, in so doing, colonized the terminology of its own past. Only by recovering the precolonial European names for the coconut can we begin to decolonize this slice of history.
{"title":"Naming the Coconut and (De)Colonizing the Middle Ages","authors":"K. Kennedy","doi":"10.1353/dph.2022.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dph.2022.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Etymological dictionaries declare that the origins of the word coconut are found in Spanish and Portuguese, and they trace its earliest attestations to explorer accounts. While potentially true in a literal sense, this common narrative cloaks a much older European history of the fruit. By 1500, the name Indian nut for what we today call coconut was at least 1,000 years old and used in languages across Europe. In some specialist fields, Latinate Europeans also knew Arabic and even Sanskrit names for coconut. As European nations began conquering other parts of the world, however, they renamed the Indian nut, taking control of the name as they began to take control of the trade routes on which coconuts traveled.After documenting medieval European names for coconut, this essay considers England's post-medieval adoption of the term coconut as a case study, linking its linguistic adoption of the name to the conquest and colonization of Jamaica in the second half of the seventeenth century. If Indian nut evoked precolonial relationships in which Europe was poor and India rich, coconut expressed Europe's new power and, in so doing, colonized the terminology of its own past. Only by recovering the precolonial European names for the coconut can we begin to decolonize this slice of history.","PeriodicalId":387346,"journal":{"name":"Digital Philology: A Journal of Medieval Cultures","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115575890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Iberian Moorings: Al-Andalus, Sefarad, and the Tropes of Exceptionalism by Ross Brann (review)","authors":"M. Hamilton","doi":"10.1353/dph.2022.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dph.2022.0012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":387346,"journal":{"name":"Digital Philology: A Journal of Medieval Cultures","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122783430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:If Jean de Mandeville's Livre des merveilles du monde is known for anything in the contemporary scholarly landscape, it is surely for the startling ambivalence with which its fourteenth-century narrator relates his experiences of cultural otherness. Although any attempt to situate the Mandeville author along the continuum of xenophobia to enlightenment is necessarily rooted in modern value systems, this debate does not proceed merely or even principally against the grain of the text. As this essay will show, otherness is not simply a major thematic focus of the narrator's journey but is coded into the linguistic system of the text itself, which is composed not of the "pure" French of the continent but of its oft-maligned insular cousin, Anglo-Norman. I examine the transmission history of the Livre des merveilles du monde in medieval francophone and anglophone settings to show that Mandeville's Anglo-Norman challenges a contemporary rhetoric that treated insular French as a poor copy of its Parisian counterpart in order to claim the privileges associated today with Homi Bhabha's "Third Space" of hybridity.
摘要:如果说让·德·曼德维尔的《世界merveilles du monde》在当代学术领域有什么出名的话，那肯定是14世纪的叙述者在讲述他的文化异类经历时所表现出的令人吃惊的矛盾心理。尽管任何试图将曼德维尔的作者置于从仇外到启蒙的连续统一体的尝试都必然根植于现代价值体系，但这种辩论并不仅仅是或甚至主要是与文本的脉络背道而驰。正如本文将展示的那样，他者性不仅仅是叙述者旅程的主要主题焦点，而且还被编码到文本本身的语言系统中，该系统不是由欧洲大陆的“纯”法语组成的，而是由其经常受到诋毁的孤立的表亲盎格鲁-诺曼语组成的。我考察了《世界merveilles Livre de monde》在中世纪法语和英语背景下的传播历史，以表明曼德维尔的盎格鲁-诺曼语挑战了一种当代修辞，这种修辞将狭隘的法语视为巴黎语的拙劣复制品，以要求与霍米·巴巴(Homi Bhabha)的混血“第三空间”(Third Space)相关的特权。
{"title":"A Barnacle Goose by Any Other Name: Anglo-Norman as Hybrid Space in Jean de Mandeville's Livre des Merveilles du Monde","authors":"Christine Bourgeois","doi":"10.1353/dph.2022.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dph.2022.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:If Jean de Mandeville's Livre des merveilles du monde is known for anything in the contemporary scholarly landscape, it is surely for the startling ambivalence with which its fourteenth-century narrator relates his experiences of cultural otherness. Although any attempt to situate the Mandeville author along the continuum of xenophobia to enlightenment is necessarily rooted in modern value systems, this debate does not proceed merely or even principally against the grain of the text. As this essay will show, otherness is not simply a major thematic focus of the narrator's journey but is coded into the linguistic system of the text itself, which is composed not of the \"pure\" French of the continent but of its oft-maligned insular cousin, Anglo-Norman. I examine the transmission history of the Livre des merveilles du monde in medieval francophone and anglophone settings to show that Mandeville's Anglo-Norman challenges a contemporary rhetoric that treated insular French as a poor copy of its Parisian counterpart in order to claim the privileges associated today with Homi Bhabha's \"Third Space\" of hybridity.","PeriodicalId":387346,"journal":{"name":"Digital Philology: A Journal of Medieval Cultures","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129208109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intimate Reading: Textual Encounters in Medieval Women's Visions and Vitae by Jessica Barr (review)","authors":"Suzanne Edwards","doi":"10.1353/dph.2022.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dph.2022.0013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":387346,"journal":{"name":"Digital Philology: A Journal of Medieval Cultures","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126513361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This essay treats two images that represent Christine de Pizan's literary work as male-associated physical labor. The images, made by the Maître de la Cité des Dames, are found in two manuscripts supervised by the author: BL MS Harley 4431, in Le Livre de la cité des dames, and BnF MS fr. 603, in Le Livre des fais d'armes et de chevalerie. These images show Christine using workers' tools: in the former, a trowel and mortar pan; in the latter, a tree pruner. Many scholars have studied the author's various self-representations in text and image: the most typical images of her writing at a desk are literal and metatextual representations of her authorship. This essay contributes to discussions of her authorial self-representation by considering a different kind of image, in which literary labor is still metatextual—we still see the author represented inside her own text in the act of creation—but is metaphorical instead of literal: the images show Christine's authorial persona doing hard, physical work. By putting laborers' tools in the Christine-figure's hands, these images emphasize the fact that Christine accomplished authorial work traditionally restricted to men. The images recall the Christine-persona's first actions—picking up hammer, nails, and mortar—in the famous Mutacion de fortune passage about her transformation into a "true man." These two images, furthermore, accurately metaphorize particular aspects of her writing alongside the texts they illustrate. Offering another, more imaginative, even playful representational mode, these images enlarge our understanding of Christine's authorial self-fashioning.
摘要:本文将代表克里斯汀·德·皮桑文学作品的两个形象视为与男性相关的体力劳动。这些图像是由matre de la cit des Dames制作的，在作者监督的两份手稿中发现:BL MS Harley 4431, Le Livre de la cit des Dames，和BnF MS 603, Le Livre des fais d'armes et de chevalerie。这些照片显示了克里斯汀使用工人的工具:前者是铲子和臼盘;在后者，一个树木修剪器。许多学者研究了作者在文本和图像中的各种自我表征:她在书桌前写作的最典型的图像是作者身份的文字和元文本表征。这篇文章通过考虑一种不同的形象来讨论她的作家自我表现，其中文学劳动仍然是元文本的——我们仍然看到作者在她自己的文本中以创作的方式表现出来——但这是隐喻性的，而不是字面上的:这些形象显示了克里斯汀的作家角色在做艰苦的体力劳动。通过将工人的工具放在克里斯汀的手中，这些图像强调了一个事实，即克里斯汀完成了传统上仅限于男性的写作工作。这些图像让人想起了在著名的《命运的突变》中关于她转变为“真正的男人”的段落中，克里斯汀角色的第一个动作——拿起锤子、钉子和砂浆。此外，这两个形象准确地隐喻了她写作的特定方面，以及它们所说明的文本。这些图像提供了另一种更具想象力，甚至是有趣的代表模式，扩大了我们对克里斯汀作家自我塑造的理解。
{"title":"Feminist Hermeneutic Tools: Visual Metaphors of Christine de Pizan's Literary Labor","authors":"A. Coldiron","doi":"10.1353/dph.2022.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dph.2022.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay treats two images that represent Christine de Pizan's literary work as male-associated physical labor. The images, made by the Maître de la Cité des Dames, are found in two manuscripts supervised by the author: BL MS Harley 4431, in Le Livre de la cité des dames, and BnF MS fr. 603, in Le Livre des fais d'armes et de chevalerie. These images show Christine using workers' tools: in the former, a trowel and mortar pan; in the latter, a tree pruner. Many scholars have studied the author's various self-representations in text and image: the most typical images of her writing at a desk are literal and metatextual representations of her authorship. This essay contributes to discussions of her authorial self-representation by considering a different kind of image, in which literary labor is still metatextual—we still see the author represented inside her own text in the act of creation—but is metaphorical instead of literal: the images show Christine's authorial persona doing hard, physical work. By putting laborers' tools in the Christine-figure's hands, these images emphasize the fact that Christine accomplished authorial work traditionally restricted to men. The images recall the Christine-persona's first actions—picking up hammer, nails, and mortar—in the famous Mutacion de fortune passage about her transformation into a \"true man.\" These two images, furthermore, accurately metaphorize particular aspects of her writing alongside the texts they illustrate. Offering another, more imaginative, even playful representational mode, these images enlarge our understanding of Christine's authorial self-fashioning.","PeriodicalId":387346,"journal":{"name":"Digital Philology: A Journal of Medieval Cultures","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131710087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mobile Saints: Relic Circulation, Devotion, and Conflict in the Central Middle Ages by Kate M. Craig (review)","authors":"S. Bruce","doi":"10.1353/dph.2022.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dph.2022.0000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":387346,"journal":{"name":"Digital Philology: A Journal of Medieval Cultures","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122900818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Angles on a Kingdom: East Anglian Identities from Bede to Ælfric by Joseph Grossi (review)","authors":"T. Graham","doi":"10.1353/dph.2022.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dph.2022.0011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":387346,"journal":{"name":"Digital Philology: A Journal of Medieval Cultures","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122319004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Bristol Merlin: Revealing the Secrets of a Medieval Fragment by Leah Tether et al. (review)","authors":"Aaron Kestle","doi":"10.1353/dph.2022.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dph.2022.0002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":387346,"journal":{"name":"Digital Philology: A Journal of Medieval Cultures","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122236187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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