4In the thirteenth century, Christian Europe felt under attack from both internal and external enemies: heretics, Muslims, Jews. In response to these threats, whether real or imagined, lay and ecclesiastical authorities heightened their efforts to consolidate Christian identity and reinforce boundaries between faiths. Rising anti-Judaism, in particular, reflected anxieties about the potential instability of Christian identity. However, these attempts to construct social and legal separation between Christians and Jews went hand in hand with the constant blurring of lines. The rhetoric of boundary maintenance itself revealed the troubled nature of these boundaries. Conversion, although potentially desirable, highlighted the permeability of the borders between faiths. Power dynamics in medieval Europe meant that, in theory, conversion should occur in only one direction: toward Christianity. But reality was messier than theory. A small number of born Christians converted to Judaism; Jewish converts reverted to their former faith; liminal individuals occupied the interstices between Judaism and Christianity. In Conversion, Circumcision, and Ritual Murder in Medieval Europe, Paola Tartakoff offers a nuanced exploration of how Christians and Jews thought about these compelling yet dangerous movements between faiths. Tartakoff adopts the pioneering approach of intertwining the study of Christian conversion to Judaism with that of Jewish conversion to Christianity, which she describes as “two subjects whose historiographies have passed until now like ships in the night” (9). By exploring conversion as a bidirectional phenomenon, she offers new insight into both the experiences of converts and the multifaceted attitudes of both communities toward conversion. Her careful delineation of the parallels and divergences between converts paints a portrait of religious transformation, change, and fluidity that is at once broadly synthetic and richly detailed.
{"title":"Conversion, Circumcision, and Ritual Murder in Medieval Europe by Paola Tartakoff (review)","authors":"Sarah Ifft Decker","doi":"10.1353/dph.2020.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dph.2020.0013","url":null,"abstract":"4In the thirteenth century, Christian Europe felt under attack from both internal and external enemies: heretics, Muslims, Jews. In response to these threats, whether real or imagined, lay and ecclesiastical authorities heightened their efforts to consolidate Christian identity and reinforce boundaries between faiths. Rising anti-Judaism, in particular, reflected anxieties about the potential instability of Christian identity. However, these attempts to construct social and legal separation between Christians and Jews went hand in hand with the constant blurring of lines. The rhetoric of boundary maintenance itself revealed the troubled nature of these boundaries. Conversion, although potentially desirable, highlighted the permeability of the borders between faiths. Power dynamics in medieval Europe meant that, in theory, conversion should occur in only one direction: toward Christianity. But reality was messier than theory. A small number of born Christians converted to Judaism; Jewish converts reverted to their former faith; liminal individuals occupied the interstices between Judaism and Christianity. In Conversion, Circumcision, and Ritual Murder in Medieval Europe, Paola Tartakoff offers a nuanced exploration of how Christians and Jews thought about these compelling yet dangerous movements between faiths. Tartakoff adopts the pioneering approach of intertwining the study of Christian conversion to Judaism with that of Jewish conversion to Christianity, which she describes as “two subjects whose historiographies have passed until now like ships in the night” (9). By exploring conversion as a bidirectional phenomenon, she offers new insight into both the experiences of converts and the multifaceted attitudes of both communities toward conversion. Her careful delineation of the parallels and divergences between converts paints a portrait of religious transformation, change, and fluidity that is at once broadly synthetic and richly detailed.","PeriodicalId":387346,"journal":{"name":"Digital Philology: A Journal of Medieval Cultures","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129672650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"History and the Written Word: Documents, Literacy, and Language in the Age of the Angevins by Henry Bainton (review)","authors":"J. Harr.","doi":"10.1353/dph.2020.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dph.2020.0015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":387346,"journal":{"name":"Digital Philology: A Journal of Medieval Cultures","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132111959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This essay focuses on the aesthetic and material negotiation between manuscript illumination and print among noble French patrons of the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. It takes as a case study two hybrid books created for Count Charles of Angoulême and his wife, Louise of Savoy. Each of these examples, one created by an illuminator and the other by a printer-publisher, demonstrates the deep engagement of both patron and artist with the new medium of print. The essay examines the media category of “luxury print” while revealing the persistent appeal of manuscript illumination, particularly for discerning readers of high social status.
{"title":"Hybrid Luxuries: Manuscript and Print at the French Court of Cognac, circa 1480–1510","authors":"Larisa Grollemond","doi":"10.1353/dph.2020.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dph.2020.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay focuses on the aesthetic and material negotiation between manuscript illumination and print among noble French patrons of the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. It takes as a case study two hybrid books created for Count Charles of Angoulême and his wife, Louise of Savoy. Each of these examples, one created by an illuminator and the other by a printer-publisher, demonstrates the deep engagement of both patron and artist with the new medium of print. The essay examines the media category of “luxury print” while revealing the persistent appeal of manuscript illumination, particularly for discerning readers of high social status.","PeriodicalId":387346,"journal":{"name":"Digital Philology: A Journal of Medieval Cultures","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131130200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:While Curt Bühler’s well-known formulation sensibly posits that “every manuscript ascribed to the second half of the fifteenth century is potentially (and often without question) a copy of some incunable,” little is known about how scribes copied print and what effects that practice had on the look of manuscripts. Given that the mechanical processes of the printing press caused print page design to change, this essay examines some of the ways in which scribes responded to that change and argues that scribes, tasked with creating bespoke copies of mass-produced printed books, were quick to experiment with the new features of print. These were rapidly incorporated into their manuscripts, meaning that the mechanical aesthetic of print soon became part of the scribes’ repertoire.
摘要:Curt b hler的著名表述明智地假设“每一份被认为是15世纪下半叶的手稿都有可能(而且通常毫无疑问)是某些不可能的手稿的副本”，但对于抄写员是如何抄写印刷品的，以及这种做法对手稿的外观有什么影响，我们知之甚少。鉴于印刷机的机械过程导致了印刷页面设计的变化，本文考察了抄写员应对这种变化的一些方式，并认为抄写员的任务是为大批量生产的印刷书籍制作定制副本，他们很快就尝试了印刷的新功能。这些很快被纳入他们的手稿，这意味着印刷的机械美学很快成为抄写员的技能的一部分。
{"title":"Replicating the Mechanical Print Aesthetic in Manuscripts before circa 1500","authors":"A. Nafde","doi":"10.1353/dph.2020.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dph.2020.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:While Curt Bühler’s well-known formulation sensibly posits that “every manuscript ascribed to the second half of the fifteenth century is potentially (and often without question) a copy of some incunable,” little is known about how scribes copied print and what effects that practice had on the look of manuscripts. Given that the mechanical processes of the printing press caused print page design to change, this essay examines some of the ways in which scribes responded to that change and argues that scribes, tasked with creating bespoke copies of mass-produced printed books, were quick to experiment with the new features of print. These were rapidly incorporated into their manuscripts, meaning that the mechanical aesthetic of print soon became part of the scribes’ repertoire.","PeriodicalId":387346,"journal":{"name":"Digital Philology: A Journal of Medieval Cultures","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121811933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Canterbury Roll: A Digital Edition. http://canterburyroll.canterbury.ac.nz","authors":"K. Hindley","doi":"10.1353/dph.2020.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dph.2020.0016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":387346,"journal":{"name":"Digital Philology: A Journal of Medieval Cultures","volume":"413 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115917805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Revelation and the Apocalypse in Late Medieval Literature: The Writings of Julian of Norwich and William Langland by Justin M. Byron-Davies (review)","authors":"H. Doherty","doi":"10.1353/dph.2020.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dph.2020.0014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":387346,"journal":{"name":"Digital Philology: A Journal of Medieval Cultures","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124135334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This essay considers medieval precarity and vulnerability through the example of Thomas Hoccleve, whose Regiment of Princes attests to a broad and varied discourse about the effects of marginalization, contingency, and economic insecurity and exploitation in late medieval English literature. Drawing on Judith Butler and others' work on the "politics of grief," I consider how Thomas Hoccleve uses his experience of personal loss and sorrow as an occasion to reflect on the precarious lives of those around him. In so doing, his work in the Regiment of Princes serves as an early example of how personal sorrow can become an imaginative catalyst for broader ethical reflection and advocacy
{"title":"The Politics of Precarious Grief in Thomas Hoccleve's Regiment of Princes","authors":"Sarah Wilson","doi":"10.1353/dph.2020.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dph.2020.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay considers medieval precarity and vulnerability through the example of Thomas Hoccleve, whose Regiment of Princes attests to a broad and varied discourse about the effects of marginalization, contingency, and economic insecurity and exploitation in late medieval English literature. Drawing on Judith Butler and others' work on the \"politics of grief,\" I consider how Thomas Hoccleve uses his experience of personal loss and sorrow as an occasion to reflect on the precarious lives of those around him. In so doing, his work in the Regiment of Princes serves as an early example of how personal sorrow can become an imaginative catalyst for broader ethical reflection and advocacy","PeriodicalId":387346,"journal":{"name":"Digital Philology: A Journal of Medieval Cultures","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125960718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:This article explores able-bodied subjects' affective response to people with disabilities, as manifested in the "tests" and trials used to ascertain the authenticity of those disabilities. When children drop hot coals on the esh of a deaf-mute to see if he can scream, or when a cleric tricks blind beggars into spending a coin they do not possess, more than simple cruelty is at play (though these actions are undeniably cruel). Through readings of selected texts from twelfth- through fifteenth-century France – including Chrétien de Troyes's Cligès, the Miracles de saint Louis by Guillaume de Saint-Pathus, the fabliau Les trois aveugles de Compiègne, and a ballade by Eustache Deschamps – I examine what vulnerabilities are being exposed, protected, or celebrated through the administration of these tests. I argue that medieval literary tests of disability reveal privilege to be both an embodied and an intellectual or epistemic state: the prospect of a feigned disability exposes an unsettling (because unresolvable) fragility in the mechanisms of knowing.
{"title":"Able-Bodied Fragility","authors":"J. Singer","doi":"10.1353/dph.2020.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dph.2020.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article explores able-bodied subjects' affective response to people with disabilities, as manifested in the \"tests\" and trials used to ascertain the authenticity of those disabilities. When children drop hot coals on the esh of a deaf-mute to see if he can scream, or when a cleric tricks blind beggars into spending a coin they do not possess, more than simple cruelty is at play (though these actions are undeniably cruel). Through readings of selected texts from twelfth- through fifteenth-century France – including Chrétien de Troyes's Cligès, the Miracles de saint Louis by Guillaume de Saint-Pathus, the fabliau Les trois aveugles de Compiègne, and a ballade by Eustache Deschamps – I examine what vulnerabilities are being exposed, protected, or celebrated through the administration of these tests. I argue that medieval literary tests of disability reveal privilege to be both an embodied and an intellectual or epistemic state: the prospect of a feigned disability exposes an unsettling (because unresolvable) fragility in the mechanisms of knowing.","PeriodicalId":387346,"journal":{"name":"Digital Philology: A Journal of Medieval Cultures","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133318881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract:Petrus Alfonsi's medieval readers often categorized his Disciplina clericalis as a homiletic exemplum collection or as a mirror for princes. I will argue that beneath these layers of misreading, Petrus organizes a collection that emphasizes the subject position of the socially vulnerable: women, pilgrims, travelers, subordinates, apprentices, slaves, and the disabled. In this reading, the normative values of church and state become accruals. Beneath them, I reveal a Disciplina clericalis that it is strangely resonant in our time. It attends to the problem of premodern precarity, recurrently mapping that condition onto body in the form of vulnerability. Disciplina clericalis is less a handbook for preachers or a mirror for princes than a guide for the marginalized in a dangerous and exploitative world.
{"title":"Sociality at the Margins in Petrus Alfonsi's Disciplina Clericalis","authors":"Gabriel Ford","doi":"10.1353/dph.2020.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dph.2020.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Petrus Alfonsi's medieval readers often categorized his Disciplina clericalis as a homiletic exemplum collection or as a mirror for princes. I will argue that beneath these layers of misreading, Petrus organizes a collection that emphasizes the subject position of the socially vulnerable: women, pilgrims, travelers, subordinates, apprentices, slaves, and the disabled. In this reading, the normative values of church and state become accruals. Beneath them, I reveal a Disciplina clericalis that it is strangely resonant in our time. It attends to the problem of premodern precarity, recurrently mapping that condition onto body in the form of vulnerability. Disciplina clericalis is less a handbook for preachers or a mirror for princes than a guide for the marginalized in a dangerous and exploitative world.","PeriodicalId":387346,"journal":{"name":"Digital Philology: A Journal of Medieval Cultures","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123580815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reading in the Byzantine Empire and Beyond ed. by Teresa Shawcross and Ida Toth (review)","authors":"E. Petrou","doi":"10.1353/dph.2020.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/dph.2020.0006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":387346,"journal":{"name":"Digital Philology: A Journal of Medieval Cultures","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129277523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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