Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00947679.2022.2027145
Carolina Velloso
ABSTRACT This article examines the life and career of Sadie Kneller Miller, a journalist who enjoyed a thirty-year career as a baseball reporter, national and international correspondent, and photojournalist at the turn of the twentieth century. Her many accomplishments include being one of the first women to cover a sports beat for a newspaper, covering armed conflicts in Spanish-controlled Morocco, and obtaining exclusive interviews with figures such as Pancho Villa. Miller’s career was also distinct in several important ways from those of most women journalists of her time, particularly in how she negotiated her professional ambitions with traditional gender roles. Miller earned a prominent contemporary reputation and left behind a rich collection of print and visual journalism, but her career has largely been lost to posterity. Using an unexplored and unprocessed archival collection, this article reconstructs Miller’s career, emphasizing her most significant work in each journalistic function she performed, and shows the ways Miller both challenged and conformed to norms and expectations of women journalists of the period.
{"title":"“A True Newspaper Woman”: The Career of Sadie Kneller Miller","authors":"Carolina Velloso","doi":"10.1080/00947679.2022.2027145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00947679.2022.2027145","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines the life and career of Sadie Kneller Miller, a journalist who enjoyed a thirty-year career as a baseball reporter, national and international correspondent, and photojournalist at the turn of the twentieth century. Her many accomplishments include being one of the first women to cover a sports beat for a newspaper, covering armed conflicts in Spanish-controlled Morocco, and obtaining exclusive interviews with figures such as Pancho Villa. Miller’s career was also distinct in several important ways from those of most women journalists of her time, particularly in how she negotiated her professional ambitions with traditional gender roles. Miller earned a prominent contemporary reputation and left behind a rich collection of print and visual journalism, but her career has largely been lost to posterity. Using an unexplored and unprocessed archival collection, this article reconstructs Miller’s career, emphasizing her most significant work in each journalistic function she performed, and shows the ways Miller both challenged and conformed to norms and expectations of women journalists of the period.","PeriodicalId":38759,"journal":{"name":"Journalism history","volume":"48 1","pages":"2 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49581391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00947679.2022.2027140
A. Popkova
ABSTRACT The years 1919 and 1920 were challenging for the Russian immigrant community in America. The already existing atmosphere of the First Red Scare escalated during and after the Palmer Raids. This study examines how the Palmer Raids were covered on the pages of one of the oldest and most influential Russian ethnic newspapers in the United States, Novoye Russkoe Slovo (New Russian Word). Through the textual analysis of news reports, opinion pieces, feature stories, and letters to the editor published in Novoye Russkoe Slovo from November 1919 to January 1920, this article demonstrates that the newspaper helped build and sustain an imagined community of Russian immigrants during profound political and social challenges. The article shows how the newspaper skillfully combined the “fact” and “forum” functions of the press in its different sections to help readers make sense of the raids, support each other, and maintain community ties.
{"title":"Imagining the Russian Community: Novoye Russkoe Slovo, the First Red Scare, and the Palmer Raids, 1919-1920","authors":"A. Popkova","doi":"10.1080/00947679.2022.2027140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00947679.2022.2027140","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The years 1919 and 1920 were challenging for the Russian immigrant community in America. The already existing atmosphere of the First Red Scare escalated during and after the Palmer Raids. This study examines how the Palmer Raids were covered on the pages of one of the oldest and most influential Russian ethnic newspapers in the United States, Novoye Russkoe Slovo (New Russian Word). Through the textual analysis of news reports, opinion pieces, feature stories, and letters to the editor published in Novoye Russkoe Slovo from November 1919 to January 1920, this article demonstrates that the newspaper helped build and sustain an imagined community of Russian immigrants during profound political and social challenges. The article shows how the newspaper skillfully combined the “fact” and “forum” functions of the press in its different sections to help readers make sense of the raids, support each other, and maintain community ties.","PeriodicalId":38759,"journal":{"name":"Journalism history","volume":"48 1","pages":"41 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42262925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00947679.2021.2022953
V. Grieve
ABSTRACT Julia Bertram worked as a journalist for the Timber Worker, the newspaper of the International Woodworkers of America, from 1936–1940. For three of those years, she also served as the president of the women’s auxiliary of her local union. This study examines Bertram’s work in both of these roles as crucial to the union’s success, and argues that Bertram’s combination of union activism and journalism embedded working-class feminism within the developing progressive labor agenda represented by the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) in the 1930s. Bertram’s work offers an example of how working-class White and immigrant women shaped the labor movement prior to World War II by expanding the scope of appropriate political activities in which women participated. As a journalist for the Timber Worker, Bertram frequently reminded her readers that women were unionists and equal members of the working-class struggle. This combination of activism and journalism has been overlooked in discussions about the rise of labor feminism, which tend to focus on female-dominated industries and unions rather than on the press. Female journalists in the labor press and in union auxiliaries deserve more attention if historians hope to understand the rise of labor feminism in the 1930s, as women carved out space in the fledgling CIO and its unions.
Julia Bertram于1936年至1940年间在美国国际木工协会的报纸《木材工人》(Timber Worker)担任记者。其中有三年，她还担任当地工会妇女辅助组织的主席。本研究考察了伯特伦在这两个角色中的工作，认为这对工会的成功至关重要，并认为伯特伦将工会行动主义和新闻相结合，将工人阶级女权主义嵌入到20世纪30年代以工业组织大会(CIO)为代表的进步劳工议程中。伯特伦的作品提供了一个例子，说明白人工人阶级和移民妇女如何通过扩大妇女参与的适当政治活动的范围，在第二次世界大战之前塑造了劳工运动。作为《木材工人》的记者，伯特伦经常提醒她的读者，妇女是工会会员，是工人阶级斗争的平等成员。在关于劳工女权主义兴起的讨论中，这种行动主义和新闻业的结合被忽视了，这些讨论往往关注女性主导的行业和工会，而不是新闻界。如果历史学家希望了解20世纪30年代劳工女权主义的兴起，那么在劳工报刊和工会附属机构工作的女记者就应该得到更多的关注，当时女性在羽翼未露的CIO及其工会中开辟了自己的空间。
{"title":"Advocacy Journalism, Labor Feminism, and the Timber Worker, 1936-1940","authors":"V. Grieve","doi":"10.1080/00947679.2021.2022953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00947679.2021.2022953","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Julia Bertram worked as a journalist for the Timber Worker, the newspaper of the International Woodworkers of America, from 1936–1940. For three of those years, she also served as the president of the women’s auxiliary of her local union. This study examines Bertram’s work in both of these roles as crucial to the union’s success, and argues that Bertram’s combination of union activism and journalism embedded working-class feminism within the developing progressive labor agenda represented by the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) in the 1930s. Bertram’s work offers an example of how working-class White and immigrant women shaped the labor movement prior to World War II by expanding the scope of appropriate political activities in which women participated. As a journalist for the Timber Worker, Bertram frequently reminded her readers that women were unionists and equal members of the working-class struggle. This combination of activism and journalism has been overlooked in discussions about the rise of labor feminism, which tend to focus on female-dominated industries and unions rather than on the press. Female journalists in the labor press and in union auxiliaries deserve more attention if historians hope to understand the rise of labor feminism in the 1930s, as women carved out space in the fledgling CIO and its unions.","PeriodicalId":38759,"journal":{"name":"Journalism history","volume":"48 1","pages":"19 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43395087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00947679.2022.2027158
Betto van Waarden
ABSTRACT While historical and contemporary thinkers have described politics as theater, this article moves beyond this representation of politics to understand how performance was central to politics around the turn of the twentieth century. It does so through an analysis of a large volume of hitherto unstudied caricatures of the German statesman Bernhard von Bülow. While historians usually describe satire merely in a complementary or illustrative manner, this article analyzes it in a structural manner. This analysis does not serve to understand Bülow personally nor his politics, but constitutes a case study that demonstrates broader changes in the nature of politics. The article argues that caricaturists used metaphors of different types of performances, which built on tradition and played into new lifestyles, to reflect on how mass communication became constitutive of modern politics. Moreover, this metaphorical stage on which politicians performed represented the platform of the mass press in politics itself.
{"title":"The Many Faces of Performative Politics: Satires of Statesman Bernhard von Bülow in Wilhelmine Germany","authors":"Betto van Waarden","doi":"10.1080/00947679.2022.2027158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00947679.2022.2027158","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT While historical and contemporary thinkers have described politics as theater, this article moves beyond this representation of politics to understand how performance was central to politics around the turn of the twentieth century. It does so through an analysis of a large volume of hitherto unstudied caricatures of the German statesman Bernhard von Bülow. While historians usually describe satire merely in a complementary or illustrative manner, this article analyzes it in a structural manner. This analysis does not serve to understand Bülow personally nor his politics, but constitutes a case study that demonstrates broader changes in the nature of politics. The article argues that caricaturists used metaphors of different types of performances, which built on tradition and played into new lifestyles, to reflect on how mass communication became constitutive of modern politics. Moreover, this metaphorical stage on which politicians performed represented the platform of the mass press in politics itself.","PeriodicalId":38759,"journal":{"name":"Journalism history","volume":"48 1","pages":"61 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41792163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-11DOI: 10.1080/00947679.2021.1986345
Sheryl Kennedy Haydel
{"title":"For Country, Culture, and Respect: The Bennett Banner’s Use of Journalism to Promote Equality from a Black Feminist Perspective","authors":"Sheryl Kennedy Haydel","doi":"10.1080/00947679.2021.1986345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00947679.2021.1986345","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38759,"journal":{"name":"Journalism history","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44606357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/00947679.2021.1988273
K. Montalbano
ABSTRACT During the 1878 yellow fever epidemic, newspapers in the Mississippi Valley region aimed to prevent the spread of the disease to their populations by (1) reporting on strategies of prevention and (2) criticizing misinformation from both within their own communities and in newspapers from other towns that obfuscated public understanding of the disease. This in turn (3) highlighted the tensions between cities and their respective newspapers. Journalists writing for these papers—in particular, in Vicksburg and New Orleans—penned accusations that reporters in the other city either sensationalized or understated the impact of the epidemic, thereby undermining their own ability to protect their hometowns from threats to public health, economic stability, and regional or national reputations. At times, multiple papers from the same city argued about the accuracy of each other’s epidemic coverage. Although public health, science, medicine, and journalism have developed tremendously since 1878, this story reminds us of the significance of local news and cooperation between citizens and journalists when facing contemporary health crises, such as COVID-19. Without a robust foundation for covering epidemics on the local level, broader journalistic networks are far less equipped to fulfill their essential roles in mitigating outbreaks.
{"title":"Preventing Yellow Jack and Yellow Journalism: Tensions in Mississippi Valley News Coverage of the 1878 Yellow Fever Epidemic","authors":"K. Montalbano","doi":"10.1080/00947679.2021.1988273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00947679.2021.1988273","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT During the 1878 yellow fever epidemic, newspapers in the Mississippi Valley region aimed to prevent the spread of the disease to their populations by (1) reporting on strategies of prevention and (2) criticizing misinformation from both within their own communities and in newspapers from other towns that obfuscated public understanding of the disease. This in turn (3) highlighted the tensions between cities and their respective newspapers. Journalists writing for these papers—in particular, in Vicksburg and New Orleans—penned accusations that reporters in the other city either sensationalized or understated the impact of the epidemic, thereby undermining their own ability to protect their hometowns from threats to public health, economic stability, and regional or national reputations. At times, multiple papers from the same city argued about the accuracy of each other’s epidemic coverage. Although public health, science, medicine, and journalism have developed tremendously since 1878, this story reminds us of the significance of local news and cooperation between citizens and journalists when facing contemporary health crises, such as COVID-19. Without a robust foundation for covering epidemics on the local level, broader journalistic networks are far less equipped to fulfill their essential roles in mitigating outbreaks.","PeriodicalId":38759,"journal":{"name":"Journalism history","volume":"47 1","pages":"372 - 391"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43558451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/00947679.2021.1983348
Kelli S. Boling
ABSTRACT Awareness is believed to be the longest-running locally-produced African American public affairs show in the country. Through thirteen oral history interviews and archival documents, this article examines how African American public affairs shows, like Awareness, played an integral role in the civil rights movement by presenting a counter-narrative to what was seen on mainstream news. Through this counter-narrative, Awareness had the unique ability to elevate the conversation beyond protests and demonstrations, and deeply discuss issues that could potentially alter the Southern mind-set of Blacks and improve race relations in the South. As the show approached its 50th anniversary, this article covers the launching of the show as well as reflections of those involved in this milestone.
{"title":"“We Matter”: Cultural Significance of a Counter-Narrative Black Public Affairs Program","authors":"Kelli S. Boling","doi":"10.1080/00947679.2021.1983348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00947679.2021.1983348","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Awareness is believed to be the longest-running locally-produced African American public affairs show in the country. Through thirteen oral history interviews and archival documents, this article examines how African American public affairs shows, like Awareness, played an integral role in the civil rights movement by presenting a counter-narrative to what was seen on mainstream news. Through this counter-narrative, Awareness had the unique ability to elevate the conversation beyond protests and demonstrations, and deeply discuss issues that could potentially alter the Southern mind-set of Blacks and improve race relations in the South. As the show approached its 50th anniversary, this article covers the launching of the show as well as reflections of those involved in this milestone.","PeriodicalId":38759,"journal":{"name":"Journalism history","volume":"47 1","pages":"353 - 371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41371912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.1080/00947679.2021.1982564
Tracy Lucht, C. Davis
ABSTRACT Grounded in feminist theory, this study builds upon historical research regarding newspaper coverage of women in politics by analyzing how five trailblazers of different races, ethnicities, and regions were written about after the Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was ratified. Using textual analysis, the authors identify three primary themes—erasure, marginalization, and selective legitimation—in local newspaper coverage of Cora Reynolds Anderson, Hattie Wyatt Caraway, Soledad Chávez Chacón, Crystal Bird Fauset, and Nellie Tayloe Ross during the 1920s-30s. The findings demonstrate intersectionality at work in how news discourse functioned to challenge or support the women’s legitimacy as political actors.
{"title":"Gender, Race, and Place in Newspaper Coverage of Women “Firsts” after the Nineteenth Amendment","authors":"Tracy Lucht, C. Davis","doi":"10.1080/00947679.2021.1982564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00947679.2021.1982564","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Grounded in feminist theory, this study builds upon historical research regarding newspaper coverage of women in politics by analyzing how five trailblazers of different races, ethnicities, and regions were written about after the Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was ratified. Using textual analysis, the authors identify three primary themes—erasure, marginalization, and selective legitimation—in local newspaper coverage of Cora Reynolds Anderson, Hattie Wyatt Caraway, Soledad Chávez Chacón, Crystal Bird Fauset, and Nellie Tayloe Ross during the 1920s-30s. The findings demonstrate intersectionality at work in how news discourse functioned to challenge or support the women’s legitimacy as political actors.","PeriodicalId":38759,"journal":{"name":"Journalism history","volume":"47 1","pages":"333 - 352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47931287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00947679.2021.1945872
Autumn Lorimer Linford
ABSTRACT James Rivington of New York may well be the most infamous printer of the American Revolution. During his lifetime, he was called “despotic,” “treasonable,” and “detestable.” He was considered an adamant Tory and enemy of the Patriot cause. Now, he is commonly cited as the token Tory printer in media history textbooks. Yet, if Rivington can be so easily categorized as a Loyalist, why did he so frequently assert that his press was “open to publications from ALL PARTIES,” and publish essays from both Patriot and Tory perspectives? This research aims to provide a nuanced look at this much-discussed figure of media history, and to add to the conversation regarding extreme partisanship by detailing one example of what occurred when party furor was aimed at one man and his newspaper.
{"title":"Rivington Revisited: A Nuanced Look at James Rivington, America’s “Tory” Printer","authors":"Autumn Lorimer Linford","doi":"10.1080/00947679.2021.1945872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00947679.2021.1945872","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT James Rivington of New York may well be the most infamous printer of the American Revolution. During his lifetime, he was called “despotic,” “treasonable,” and “detestable.” He was considered an adamant Tory and enemy of the Patriot cause. Now, he is commonly cited as the token Tory printer in media history textbooks. Yet, if Rivington can be so easily categorized as a Loyalist, why did he so frequently assert that his press was “open to publications from ALL PARTIES,” and publish essays from both Patriot and Tory perspectives? This research aims to provide a nuanced look at this much-discussed figure of media history, and to add to the conversation regarding extreme partisanship by detailing one example of what occurred when party furor was aimed at one man and his newspaper.","PeriodicalId":38759,"journal":{"name":"Journalism history","volume":"47 1","pages":"285 - 301"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"59074163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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