Pub Date : 2022-06-14DOI: 10.1080/00947679.2022.2084293
Madeleine Liseblad, G. Pitts
ABSTRACT Battling an economic recession, Billboard—one of the world’s oldest trade publications—dramatically altered its cover appearance in three super special issues. The smashing success of “The Legend of Barbra Streisand” issue brought needed revenue and a synergistic marketing relationship between Billboard and Streisand’s movie Yentl and its soundtrack. Two more super specials followed: “The Saga of Michael Jackson” and “The World of Julio Iglesias.” Jackson approved editorial content, timed with the Victory Tour. Iglesias’s issue released with his new album and tour. These issues were a financial boon for Billboard, with advertorial content and a controversial “selling” of the cover. Billboard crossed from trade to celebrity consumer publication and transformed the magazine into a new, glossier product with trade and consumer appeal. This study examines Billboard's transformation for survival when consolidation, new media technologies, and celebrity culture influences threatened the magazine industry.
{"title":"Breaking the Billboard Magazine Mold: The Barbra Streisand, Michael Jackson, and Julio Iglesias Super Specials","authors":"Madeleine Liseblad, G. Pitts","doi":"10.1080/00947679.2022.2084293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00947679.2022.2084293","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Battling an economic recession, Billboard—one of the world’s oldest trade publications—dramatically altered its cover appearance in three super special issues. The smashing success of “The Legend of Barbra Streisand” issue brought needed revenue and a synergistic marketing relationship between Billboard and Streisand’s movie Yentl and its soundtrack. Two more super specials followed: “The Saga of Michael Jackson” and “The World of Julio Iglesias.” Jackson approved editorial content, timed with the Victory Tour. Iglesias’s issue released with his new album and tour. These issues were a financial boon for Billboard, with advertorial content and a controversial “selling” of the cover. Billboard crossed from trade to celebrity consumer publication and transformed the magazine into a new, glossier product with trade and consumer appeal. This study examines Billboard's transformation for survival when consolidation, new media technologies, and celebrity culture influences threatened the magazine industry.","PeriodicalId":38759,"journal":{"name":"Journalism history","volume":"48 1","pages":"222 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48663942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-30DOI: 10.1080/00947679.2022.2074756
Gerry Lanosga
{"title":"A Prize of Their Own: Marginalized Journalists Seek a Share of Professional Esteem","authors":"Gerry Lanosga","doi":"10.1080/00947679.2022.2074756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00947679.2022.2074756","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38759,"journal":{"name":"Journalism history","volume":"48 1","pages":"195 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46208224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-19DOI: 10.1080/00947679.2022.2071062
Melony Shemberger
In 1898, the National-American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), at its national convention in Washington, DC, launched a plan to organize press work that would publicize the suffrage cause more effectively in local communities through city newspapers and smaller country papers. The previous two years, NAWSA supplied duplicated articles and other print materials each week to state press superintendents for dissemination to newspapers, but this arrangement did not capture “in full the opportunities the press offers.” Under a revamped system that would feature local and county press superintendents working with their hometown and community newspapers, NAWSA would be able to “build as rapidly as possible a machinery of organization” and reach the public more thoroughly. Further, that same year, NAWSA press superintendent Jessie Jane Cassidy wrote a nearly three-page article in the association’s monthly newsletter describing the importance of “ideal press work” in reaching the majority of US newspapers. She cited three reasons why the goal of “ideal press work” was not being met by the suffrage associations. First, the number of press workers was insufficient. Second, newspaper editors preferred original content over duplicated material. Third, getting the best material to be published as news was challenging. These reasons, though, only scratched the surface of the difficulties that suffrage press superintendents faced. Focusing discourse on suffrage press superintendents expands the scholarship on women’s narratives during the suffrage era. The worthiness of the publicity efforts among suffrage press superintendents is important to highlight, but it also is critical to investigate the challenges that suffrage press workers encountered. For instance, press superintendents were appointed or elected—often without pay or little reimbursement for related expenses, such as postage, travel, paper, and other needs. One of Kentucky’s notable suffrage press superintendents, Lida Calvert Obenchain, successfully grew into her role, but like her predecessors, she encountered trials, both personal issues and those related to the suffrage cause. Press superintendents also pleaded with other suffrage workers to circulate literature about suffrage. In her report to the Mississippi Woman Suffrage Association in 1908, Lily Wilkinson Thompson, state suffrage press superintendent and treasurer, said she sent letters to more than two hundred newspaper editors, asking for space to publish suffrage items. Later in her report, she issued a plea for women to obtain suffrage leaflets from the national headquarters and share them with friends and foes: “Among the former as a means of inspiration, among the latter as a means of information.”
{"title":"Suffrage Press Superintendents: Expanding Women’s Narratives during the Suffrage Era","authors":"Melony Shemberger","doi":"10.1080/00947679.2022.2071062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00947679.2022.2071062","url":null,"abstract":"In 1898, the National-American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), at its national convention in Washington, DC, launched a plan to organize press work that would publicize the suffrage cause more effectively in local communities through city newspapers and smaller country papers. The previous two years, NAWSA supplied duplicated articles and other print materials each week to state press superintendents for dissemination to newspapers, but this arrangement did not capture “in full the opportunities the press offers.” Under a revamped system that would feature local and county press superintendents working with their hometown and community newspapers, NAWSA would be able to “build as rapidly as possible a machinery of organization” and reach the public more thoroughly. Further, that same year, NAWSA press superintendent Jessie Jane Cassidy wrote a nearly three-page article in the association’s monthly newsletter describing the importance of “ideal press work” in reaching the majority of US newspapers. She cited three reasons why the goal of “ideal press work” was not being met by the suffrage associations. First, the number of press workers was insufficient. Second, newspaper editors preferred original content over duplicated material. Third, getting the best material to be published as news was challenging. These reasons, though, only scratched the surface of the difficulties that suffrage press superintendents faced. Focusing discourse on suffrage press superintendents expands the scholarship on women’s narratives during the suffrage era. The worthiness of the publicity efforts among suffrage press superintendents is important to highlight, but it also is critical to investigate the challenges that suffrage press workers encountered. For instance, press superintendents were appointed or elected—often without pay or little reimbursement for related expenses, such as postage, travel, paper, and other needs. One of Kentucky’s notable suffrage press superintendents, Lida Calvert Obenchain, successfully grew into her role, but like her predecessors, she encountered trials, both personal issues and those related to the suffrage cause. Press superintendents also pleaded with other suffrage workers to circulate literature about suffrage. In her report to the Mississippi Woman Suffrage Association in 1908, Lily Wilkinson Thompson, state suffrage press superintendent and treasurer, said she sent letters to more than two hundred newspaper editors, asking for space to publish suffrage items. Later in her report, she issued a plea for women to obtain suffrage leaflets from the national headquarters and share them with friends and foes: “Among the former as a means of inspiration, among the latter as a means of information.”","PeriodicalId":38759,"journal":{"name":"Journalism history","volume":"48 1","pages":"188 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47288692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.1080/00947679.2022.2053419
J. Guthrie, L. Roessner
ABSTRACT Press coverage of the relationship between music executive Phil Walden and President Jimmy Carter focused on issues of popular music law like piracy, payola, and copyright, often insinuating the likelihood of quid pro quos and scandal. This article explores Walden’s meteoric rise, his lobbying for copyright reform, and news coverage of his relationship with Carter. The role of journalism in shaping public perception of the American presidency post-Watergate is considered central to this research. Although there is no evidence of a nefarious motive in Walden and Carter’s relationship, investigating why contemporary news stories were framed in that way can provide an illuminating case study of the ways that politics and popular culture intersect. This specific case demonstrates how legal issues like copyright can take on cultural meaning apart from their statutory power, and how press coverage can affect the negotiation and interpretation of that meaning.
{"title":"Covering Copyright: Phil Walden and Jimmy Carter in the Press during the 1976 Presidential Campaign","authors":"J. Guthrie, L. Roessner","doi":"10.1080/00947679.2022.2053419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00947679.2022.2053419","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Press coverage of the relationship between music executive Phil Walden and President Jimmy Carter focused on issues of popular music law like piracy, payola, and copyright, often insinuating the likelihood of quid pro quos and scandal. This article explores Walden’s meteoric rise, his lobbying for copyright reform, and news coverage of his relationship with Carter. The role of journalism in shaping public perception of the American presidency post-Watergate is considered central to this research. Although there is no evidence of a nefarious motive in Walden and Carter’s relationship, investigating why contemporary news stories were framed in that way can provide an illuminating case study of the ways that politics and popular culture intersect. This specific case demonstrates how legal issues like copyright can take on cultural meaning apart from their statutory power, and how press coverage can affect the negotiation and interpretation of that meaning.","PeriodicalId":38759,"journal":{"name":"Journalism history","volume":"48 1","pages":"103 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48095236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-31DOI: 10.1080/00947679.2022.2048554
Ronald P. Seyb
ABSTRACT In the final section of Public Opinion, Walter Lippmann urges journalists to enlist help from scientists and social scientists to provide the public with “a picture of reality on which [they] can act.” Lippmann, however, acknowledges that there are matters of public concern that are not susceptible to the measuring, quantifying, and recording integral to scientific and social scientific inquiry, matters that oblige journalists “to occupy the position of an umpire in the unscored baseball game.” Lippmann did not tell journalists how to illuminate this “twilight zone” of news. This article argues that the political scientist James Scott’s discussion in his classic work Seeing Like a State of the value of “metis” for understanding one’s environment complements Lippmann’s work by highlighting practical knowledge’s value for navigating a world in which science’s “explanatory virtues” can obscure phenomena that cannot be measured but, nonetheless, journalists must describe and interpret in a republic.
在《公众舆论》的最后一部分，Walter Lippmann敦促记者寻求科学家和社会科学家的帮助，为公众提供“一幅他们可以据此采取行动的现实图景”。然而，李普曼承认，有些公众关注的问题是无法对科学和社会科学调查必不可少的测量、量化和记录的，这些问题迫使记者“在未得分的棒球比赛中扮演裁判的角色”。李普曼没有告诉记者如何阐明新闻的“模糊地带”。本文认为，政治学家詹姆斯·斯科特(James Scott)在他的经典著作《像一个国家一样看待“梅蒂斯”对理解一个人的环境的价值》(Seeing Like a State)中的讨论，与李普曼的著作相辅相成，他强调了实用知识在导航一个世界中的价值，在这个世界中，科学的“解释性美德”可以模糊那些无法测量的现象，但记者必须在一个共和国中描述和解释这些现象。
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Pub Date : 2022-03-11DOI: 10.1080/00947679.2022.2046436
S. Harrison
ABSTRACT The concept of the journalistic field as developed by Pierre Bourdieu and his collaborators has proved fruitful for media theorists. The present article arose out of considerations linking field theory—and its associated concepts of habitus and symbolic capital—to the low regard in which journalists often appear to hold numeracy. Its focus is Henry Care, a writer and polemicist active in the United Kingdom in the 1670s and 1680s whose works included a popular self-help guide to numeracy and basic arithmetic. Because he was writing prior to the establishment of the journalistic field, Care gives historians an insight into how journalism could have developed along a different path, one in which the profession valued numeracy as highly as it does literary ability. Care’s background as a news writer and pamphleteer was no bar to the popularity of his guide, and it is argued that the low value that journalism places on numeracy today is historically contingent rather than inevitable. Previously overlooked internal evidence provides fresh insight into the composition of Care’s self-help guide.
{"title":"Henry Care: Journalism and Numeracy before the Field","authors":"S. Harrison","doi":"10.1080/00947679.2022.2046436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00947679.2022.2046436","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The concept of the journalistic field as developed by Pierre Bourdieu and his collaborators has proved fruitful for media theorists. The present article arose out of considerations linking field theory—and its associated concepts of habitus and symbolic capital—to the low regard in which journalists often appear to hold numeracy. Its focus is Henry Care, a writer and polemicist active in the United Kingdom in the 1670s and 1680s whose works included a popular self-help guide to numeracy and basic arithmetic. Because he was writing prior to the establishment of the journalistic field, Care gives historians an insight into how journalism could have developed along a different path, one in which the profession valued numeracy as highly as it does literary ability. Care’s background as a news writer and pamphleteer was no bar to the popularity of his guide, and it is argued that the low value that journalism places on numeracy today is historically contingent rather than inevitable. Previously overlooked internal evidence provides fresh insight into the composition of Care’s self-help guide.","PeriodicalId":38759,"journal":{"name":"Journalism history","volume":"48 1","pages":"142 - 156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47666665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-02DOI: 10.1080/00947679.2022.2043043
Ulf Jonas Bjork
ABSTRACT This research examines the fierce criticism of newspapers voiced in American medical journals from the mid-1890s until 1910. Primarily published to inform readers about new discoveries, successful treatments, technological innovations, and accomplishments of colleagues, the journals did, during the era discussed here, find it necessary to bring up what they saw as problems within the press. One of their primary concerns was the multitude of advertisements for patent medicines and other medical matters, and medical editors frequently claimed that the dependence of newspaper publishers on this kind of advertising corrupted their entire publishing enterprise and went against the greater public good. However, advertising was not the only problem area when it came to the press. News coverage of medical matters was ill-informed and intrusive, and it was conveyed to the public by reporters who lacked knowledge of medicine and were not above inventing facts and by editors who sought sensational angles to boost readership. To some extent, medical journals sought to make the case for their press criticism by referring to similar concerns voiced elsewhere in society at the time, for instance in muckraking magazines, but the criticism in the journals was also rooted in peculiar issues facing the medical profession. Chief among these was the relatively low social standing of physicians in the United States at the turn of the twentieth century. Doctors worried that the public held them in low esteem, and newspapers, the “powerful enemy,” were one of the reasons for that. The outcome of the criticism of newspapers by the profession was a policy that urged doctors to shun publicity and avoid contact with reporters. Toward the end of the 1900–1910 decade, some physicians began to question that policy. They pointed out that, as public health and preventive medicine rose in prominence among the tasks of the typical doctor, a way needed to be found to reach the public. Newspapers were “the greatest educational medium for the masses,” and doctors should come to terms with that.
{"title":"Newspaper Medicine: Medical Journals Attack the Press, 1898-1909","authors":"Ulf Jonas Bjork","doi":"10.1080/00947679.2022.2043043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00947679.2022.2043043","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This research examines the fierce criticism of newspapers voiced in American medical journals from the mid-1890s until 1910. Primarily published to inform readers about new discoveries, successful treatments, technological innovations, and accomplishments of colleagues, the journals did, during the era discussed here, find it necessary to bring up what they saw as problems within the press. One of their primary concerns was the multitude of advertisements for patent medicines and other medical matters, and medical editors frequently claimed that the dependence of newspaper publishers on this kind of advertising corrupted their entire publishing enterprise and went against the greater public good. However, advertising was not the only problem area when it came to the press. News coverage of medical matters was ill-informed and intrusive, and it was conveyed to the public by reporters who lacked knowledge of medicine and were not above inventing facts and by editors who sought sensational angles to boost readership. To some extent, medical journals sought to make the case for their press criticism by referring to similar concerns voiced elsewhere in society at the time, for instance in muckraking magazines, but the criticism in the journals was also rooted in peculiar issues facing the medical profession. Chief among these was the relatively low social standing of physicians in the United States at the turn of the twentieth century. Doctors worried that the public held them in low esteem, and newspapers, the “powerful enemy,” were one of the reasons for that. The outcome of the criticism of newspapers by the profession was a policy that urged doctors to shun publicity and avoid contact with reporters. Toward the end of the 1900–1910 decade, some physicians began to question that policy. They pointed out that, as public health and preventive medicine rose in prominence among the tasks of the typical doctor, a way needed to be found to reach the public. Newspapers were “the greatest educational medium for the masses,” and doctors should come to terms with that.","PeriodicalId":38759,"journal":{"name":"Journalism history","volume":"48 1","pages":"124 - 141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44768505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00947679.2021.2014729
Mackenzie Weinger
ABSTRACT This study examines the coverage in the British print media of the Fenian dynamite campaign of 1881–1885. By examining a selection of the newspaper reporting done in the immediate days following the bomb blasts in urban centers, it can be seen that the press framed the campaign as a dramatic threat to the British people—but one they would overcome, even in the face of a frightening, unpredictable technological innovation that could put civilians in jeopardy. The metropolitan newspapers helped to shape how the British people understood the urban terrorist attacks. The press delivered to their readers vivid details about the novel and extraordinary nature of the dynamite threat, while also framing the shocking news to make their own political message and establish the narrative that even though it was under threat, Britain would triumph and hold fast to its place in the world—and onto its empire.
{"title":"“To Terrorize the Public Mind”: How the British Press Reported the Fenian Dynamite Campaign, 1881–1885","authors":"Mackenzie Weinger","doi":"10.1080/00947679.2021.2014729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00947679.2021.2014729","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines the coverage in the British print media of the Fenian dynamite campaign of 1881–1885. By examining a selection of the newspaper reporting done in the immediate days following the bomb blasts in urban centers, it can be seen that the press framed the campaign as a dramatic threat to the British people—but one they would overcome, even in the face of a frightening, unpredictable technological innovation that could put civilians in jeopardy. The metropolitan newspapers helped to shape how the British people understood the urban terrorist attacks. The press delivered to their readers vivid details about the novel and extraordinary nature of the dynamite threat, while also framing the shocking news to make their own political message and establish the narrative that even though it was under threat, Britain would triumph and hold fast to its place in the world—and onto its empire.","PeriodicalId":38759,"journal":{"name":"Journalism history","volume":"48 1","pages":"81 - 98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47982562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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