Pub Date : 2021-06-28DOI: 10.1080/1057610x.2021.1945187
J. Saalfeld
This article investigates whether inter-secular party competition can constrain the formation of Salafi-jihadist milieus. Focusing on the recent rise of militant Islamism in sub-Saharan Africa, I a...
{"title":"Inter-Secular Party Competition and the (Non-)Formation of Salafi-Jihadist Milieus: Evidence from Tanzania and Kenya","authors":"J. Saalfeld","doi":"10.1080/1057610x.2021.1945187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610x.2021.1945187","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates whether inter-secular party competition can constrain the formation of Salafi-jihadist milieus. Focusing on the recent rise of militant Islamism in sub-Saharan Africa, I a...","PeriodicalId":38834,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Conflict & Terrorism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87417773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-24DOI: 10.1080/1057610x.2021.1937821
János Besenyő, Krisztina Márton, Ryan Shaffer
This article explores terrorism against healthcare facilities and workers throughout the world since September 11, 2001 to assess trends in these attacks. Using five datasets, it examines the incre...
{"title":"Hospital Attacks Since 9/11: An Analysis of Terrorism Targeting Healthcare Facilities and Workers","authors":"János Besenyő, Krisztina Márton, Ryan Shaffer","doi":"10.1080/1057610x.2021.1937821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610x.2021.1937821","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores terrorism against healthcare facilities and workers throughout the world since September 11, 2001 to assess trends in these attacks. Using five datasets, it examines the incre...","PeriodicalId":38834,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Conflict & Terrorism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76377810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-23DOI: 10.1080/1057610x.2021.1929066
K. Ramakrishna, Y. Morales, Sheryl Renomeron-Morales
This article argues that countering violent Islamist extremism in the southern Philippines requires greater employment of proactive Alternative Narratives (AN) rather than more reactive Counter-Nar...
{"title":"Countering Violent Islamist Extremism in Muslim Mindanao the 4M Way: The Role of Alternative Narratives","authors":"K. Ramakrishna, Y. Morales, Sheryl Renomeron-Morales","doi":"10.1080/1057610x.2021.1929066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610x.2021.1929066","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that countering violent Islamist extremism in the southern Philippines requires greater employment of proactive Alternative Narratives (AN) rather than more reactive Counter-Nar...","PeriodicalId":38834,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Conflict & Terrorism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83285938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-21DOI: 10.1080/1057610x.2021.1935706
Burcu Pinar Alakoc, Stephanie Werner, Michael Widmeier
Terrorist organizations do not solely rely on violence, but also utilize a range of nonviolent activities from political engagement to social services provision. We argue that terrorist organizatio...
恐怖组织不仅依靠暴力，还利用从政治参与到提供社会服务等一系列非暴力活动。我们认为恐怖组织……
{"title":"Violent and Nonviolent Strategies of Terrorist Organizations: How Do Mixed Strategies Influence Terrorist Recruitment and Lethality?","authors":"Burcu Pinar Alakoc, Stephanie Werner, Michael Widmeier","doi":"10.1080/1057610x.2021.1935706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610x.2021.1935706","url":null,"abstract":"Terrorist organizations do not solely rely on violence, but also utilize a range of nonviolent activities from political engagement to social services provision. We argue that terrorist organizatio...","PeriodicalId":38834,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Conflict & Terrorism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72747137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-21DOI: 10.1080/1057610X.2021.1913815
Manuel R. Torres-Soriano
Abstract The present article contends that terrorist activism on the Internet is determined by the technical configuration and ease of use of the tool. Engagement in Internet activities considered criminal offenses is not only explained by a progression in the level of radicalization of the individual. Rather, the type of barriers to entry which they must overcome plays a decisive role in the decision. The article classifies the various Internet spaces featuring terrorist content under the categories of “hard platforms” and “friendly platforms”. This differentiation will enable us to identify how the barriers to entry to such activism have evolved over the last two decades and how this evolution has been responsible for different levels of terrorist mobilization in cyberspace. The investigation focuses on jihadist terrorism and uses the antiterrorist operations carried out in Spain during the period 2001-2020 as a case study.
{"title":"Barriers to Entry to Jihadist Activism on the Internet","authors":"Manuel R. Torres-Soriano","doi":"10.1080/1057610X.2021.1913815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2021.1913815","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present article contends that terrorist activism on the Internet is determined by the technical configuration and ease of use of the tool. Engagement in Internet activities considered criminal offenses is not only explained by a progression in the level of radicalization of the individual. Rather, the type of barriers to entry which they must overcome plays a decisive role in the decision. The article classifies the various Internet spaces featuring terrorist content under the categories of “hard platforms” and “friendly platforms”. This differentiation will enable us to identify how the barriers to entry to such activism have evolved over the last two decades and how this evolution has been responsible for different levels of terrorist mobilization in cyberspace. The investigation focuses on jihadist terrorism and uses the antiterrorist operations carried out in Spain during the period 2001-2020 as a case study.","PeriodicalId":38834,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Conflict & Terrorism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89139744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-16DOI: 10.1080/1057610X.2021.1937818
Ore Koren, Š. Ganguly, Aashna Khanna
Abstract Research on terrorism disagrees on whether terrorist activity is at its highest in collapsed states, which are more hospitable to such activities, or whether terrorism increases in more capable states. We revisit this discussion by theorizing an interactive relationship: terrorists prefer to operate in politically-hospitable states, but their attack frequency within these states increases with greater technological capacity, which allows them to expand their military, recruitment, and financing operations. We analyze 27,018 terrorist incidents using regression and causal inference models, conduct a case study, and find robust support for this interactive logic. Our conclusions outline implications for policy and academic work.
{"title":"Fragile States, Technological Capacity, and Increased Terrorist Activity","authors":"Ore Koren, Š. Ganguly, Aashna Khanna","doi":"10.1080/1057610X.2021.1937818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2021.1937818","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Research on terrorism disagrees on whether terrorist activity is at its highest in collapsed states, which are more hospitable to such activities, or whether terrorism increases in more capable states. We revisit this discussion by theorizing an interactive relationship: terrorists prefer to operate in politically-hospitable states, but their attack frequency within these states increases with greater technological capacity, which allows them to expand their military, recruitment, and financing operations. We analyze 27,018 terrorist incidents using regression and causal inference models, conduct a case study, and find robust support for this interactive logic. Our conclusions outline implications for policy and academic work.","PeriodicalId":38834,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Conflict & Terrorism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89113678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-09DOI: 10.1080/1057610X.2021.1935700
Nicholas Lees, Ulrich Petersohn
The existing literature is unclear about whether private military and security companies (PMSCs) are a cause of increased conflict severity, or rather are simply hired within more severe conflicts....
{"title":"To Escalate, or Not to Escalate? Private Military and Security Companies and Conflict Severity","authors":"Nicholas Lees, Ulrich Petersohn","doi":"10.1080/1057610X.2021.1935700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2021.1935700","url":null,"abstract":"The existing literature is unclear about whether private military and security companies (PMSCs) are a cause of increased conflict severity, or rather are simply hired within more severe conflicts....","PeriodicalId":38834,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Conflict & Terrorism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77863849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-07DOI: 10.1080/1057610X.2021.1923625
E. Stepanova
Abstract Despite the large number of foreign terrorist fighters from Russia in Syria and Iraq, the specifics of this phenomenon are often reduced to the Northern Caucasian connection. The article suggests a differentiated assessment of types and scale of threat posed by ISIS-linked FTFs in the Russian, Eurasian and broader international contexts, relying on data-based analysis of the main trends in the dynamic process of their circulation. They include changing composition of the FTF outflow, by type of domestic radicalization, low return rate, and high potential for relocation to third countries. The article challenges conventional views on correlation of threats posed by returnees and relocated FTFs, the main domestic challenge linked to Russian FTFs, the intra-Eurasian circulation of the FTFs, the risk of their concentration in northern Afghanistan, and potential for their cross-regional circulation between Eurasia, Middle East and Europe.
{"title":"Foreign Terrorist Fighters from Russia in and after Syria and Iraq: (Trans) National Trends and Threats","authors":"E. Stepanova","doi":"10.1080/1057610X.2021.1923625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2021.1923625","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Despite the large number of foreign terrorist fighters from Russia in Syria and Iraq, the specifics of this phenomenon are often reduced to the Northern Caucasian connection. The article suggests a differentiated assessment of types and scale of threat posed by ISIS-linked FTFs in the Russian, Eurasian and broader international contexts, relying on data-based analysis of the main trends in the dynamic process of their circulation. They include changing composition of the FTF outflow, by type of domestic radicalization, low return rate, and high potential for relocation to third countries. The article challenges conventional views on correlation of threats posed by returnees and relocated FTFs, the main domestic challenge linked to Russian FTFs, the intra-Eurasian circulation of the FTFs, the risk of their concentration in northern Afghanistan, and potential for their cross-regional circulation between Eurasia, Middle East and Europe.","PeriodicalId":38834,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Conflict & Terrorism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88935061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-04DOI: 10.1080/1057610X.2021.1930862
David Jones, M. L. Smith
Abstract Popular music was the most immediate way in which the cultural response to 9/11 manifested itself. Initially music offered a way of mourning and coping with grief. As the United States moved toward the invasion of Iraq, pop music also began to reflect the divisions in society between patriot-artists who supported the invasion, most notably in country music, and protest-artists who articulated critical attitudes to war. These anti-war songs did not attain the stature of those that characterized the era of protest during the Vietnam War, nor did they offer a musical accompaniment to a social movement with any enduring political significance. One little observed dissonance that a longitudinal survey of the musical response to political violence reveals, however, is that over time the attitudes of protest songwriters and the patriots transvalued. Ironically, interventionist “rednecks” became disillusioned with the endless wars of intervention, whilst the “protest” writers lost their voices after President Obama came to power. Ironically, icons of popular music instead turned their ire on those who voted for an anti-establishment President Trump who vowed not to involve the U.S. in further military adventures.
{"title":"Blowin’ in the Wind? The Musical Response to the War on Terror","authors":"David Jones, M. L. Smith","doi":"10.1080/1057610X.2021.1930862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2021.1930862","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Popular music was the most immediate way in which the cultural response to 9/11 manifested itself. Initially music offered a way of mourning and coping with grief. As the United States moved toward the invasion of Iraq, pop music also began to reflect the divisions in society between patriot-artists who supported the invasion, most notably in country music, and protest-artists who articulated critical attitudes to war. These anti-war songs did not attain the stature of those that characterized the era of protest during the Vietnam War, nor did they offer a musical accompaniment to a social movement with any enduring political significance. One little observed dissonance that a longitudinal survey of the musical response to political violence reveals, however, is that over time the attitudes of protest songwriters and the patriots transvalued. Ironically, interventionist “rednecks” became disillusioned with the endless wars of intervention, whilst the “protest” writers lost their voices after President Obama came to power. Ironically, icons of popular music instead turned their ire on those who voted for an anti-establishment President Trump who vowed not to involve the U.S. in further military adventures.","PeriodicalId":38834,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Conflict & Terrorism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91323927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-02DOI: 10.1080/1057610X.2021.1928887
Dennis Broeders, F. Cristiano, D. Weggemans
This article analyses the evolution and interplay of national policies and international diplomacy on cyber terrorism within and across the UNSC’s permanent five members and the UN process on cyber...
{"title":"Too Close for Comfort: Cyber Terrorism and Information Security across National Policies and International Diplomacy","authors":"Dennis Broeders, F. Cristiano, D. Weggemans","doi":"10.1080/1057610X.2021.1928887","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2021.1928887","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the evolution and interplay of national policies and international diplomacy on cyber terrorism within and across the UNSC’s permanent five members and the UN process on cyber...","PeriodicalId":38834,"journal":{"name":"Studies in Conflict & Terrorism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76601074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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