Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology最新文献

Aim: This study aims at the prediction of gender from radiographic condylar and coronoid measurements using random forest and elastic net algorithms.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to revolutionise the process of determining gender from skeletal remains by enhancing objectivity, efficiency, and accuracy. AI systems can be trained to automatically assess skeletal features relevant to gender identification, such as the size of the pelvis, skull, and specific mandibular traits.

Materials and methods: A total of 200 digital panoramic radiographs were collected, out of which 100 were males and 100 were females. The average age range of the samples was 20-40 years. Coronoid height and condylar height were measured using Planmeca Romexis Viewer Software version 2.9.2.R (Planmeca OY, Helsinki, Finland). Random forest and elastic net algorithms were employed in the study.

Results: The 20-30 years group had an average age of 25.68 years, while the 31-40 years group had an average age of 35.32 years. The 20-30 years group had a lower range and variability compared to the 31-40 years group. Both age groups had similar median values, but the 20-30 years group had slightly higher variability. In elastic net algorithms, the true positive rate was 0.925, indicating high accuracy in identifying positive cases. The random forest model's performance metrics included a precision of 0.7368, recall of 0.875, and F1-score of 0.79, indicating its effectiveness in predicting genders. A high AUC of 0.952 was observed.

Conclusion: The study shows that machine learning models can achieve high accuracy in gender prediction. However, future research should expand the sample size, explore additional features, and conduct cross-validation for applicability.

Background and objectives: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the mucous membranes with first-line treatment usually focused on corticosteroids for reducing inflammation and alleviating symptoms. Unfortunately, corticosteroids can carry risks, and with contraindications. When corticosteroids are contraindicated, cannot be tolerated, or need to be replaced due to side effects or some other reason, many different treatment and treatment strategies exist depending on what type of underlying condition is being treated. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to compare the efficacy of steroid (prednisolone) versus non-steroid agent (dapsone) in patients with oral lichen planus.

Materials and methods: Thirty patients, diagnosed histopathologically with OLP, which failed to respond to topical treatments, were included in the study. The selected patients were divided into two groups. Group I (n = 15) received a systemic steroid, Prednisolone 10 mg twice daily, and Group II (n = 15) received a non-steroidal Dapsone 100 mg once daily. Both groups were also prescribed Benzocaine Gel and Benzydamine Mouthwash, and local irritants were removed before administration. The reduction in size of lesion and the intensity of burning sensation were recorded.

Results: The two groups demonstrated a substantial degree of remission at the end of their treatment dosages. Both the groups had a positive outcome and similar response rates in terms of reduction in lesion size (group I = 65%; group II = 62%) and reduced pain intensity (group I = 88%; group II = 91%).

Conclusion: Dapsone can be considered as alternate to steroids; it was equivalent to prednisolone in efficacy.

Amidst the new arrival of application of ChatGPT (Chat Generative Pre training Transformer) for scientific writing and in biomedical research projects, this AI powered chatbot is liable for "Artificial hallucinations" as the information provided by it, at times, does not relate to the real world scenario and needs continuous monitoring and re evaluation by human intervention. Though it has been mooted as a new panacea for students, researchers, and academicians to write credible scientific writing, the issue remains: "Is the information provided trustworthy"? Identifying this research gap, we intended to pen down a concept centric synthesis matrix framework (SMF) to identify the usages and perils of employing Chat GPT as a credible tool in the field of scientific writing in academics and research. Google Scholar and PubMed search databases were implemented with search strings using Boolean terms such as "Chat GPT", "Scientific writing", "Chat GPT and scientific writing", Chat GPT and Biomedical research", "Artificial hallucinations and Chat GPT", "Advantages and Chat GPT", "Disadvantages and Chat GPT", "Accuracy of Chat GPT and Scientific writing". We sourced articles, chiefly full text, written in the English language. The review was further assessed by using three category rubrics applying specific parameters such as coverage, synthesis, and significance of included studies. This review highlighted inferences derived from evidence based studies in which Chat GPT has reported huge concerns related to plagiarism, ethics, bias, incorrect content, etc., when used in scientific writing platforms. Hence, it cannot be a reliable tool and needs supervision by human intervention. This review additionally emphasized the importance of applying the SMF as a guiding principle in the field of scientific writing and hence should be included as a modification in curriculum design by educationalists and policy reformers in higher education as a quality enhancement initiative in the discipline of research.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus represents a significant health concern, projected to impact 449 million individuals worldwide by the year 2030. The factors linking obesity and insulin resistance (IR) have been an emerging topic of research, owing to the novel group of factors discovered, the "adipocytokines". One such inflammatory adipocytokine is Resistin, which has been crucial to the development of (IR), which subsequently leads to type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), due to its significant pro inflammatory properties. However, serological studies present conflicting evidence on resistin's link to obesity, IR, and T2DM and only one salivary study exists, with none in the Indian population. With saliva harboring many biomarkers, there lies a probability of resistin being labelled as one. It could facilitate earlyT2DM diagnosis and be monitored to prevent or delay complications. Thus, to unravel the enigmatic role of Resistin in T2DM, this study was undertaken.

Materials and methods: Participants in the study were categorized into 2 groups, Group-I (T2DM), consisting of 30 newly diagnosed T2DM and Group- II (HC) with 30 healthy non-Diabetic participants. Serum and salivary resistin levels were measured using the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay. Fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1C, and the inflammatory marker hs-CRP were assessed using Trinder's GOD/POD estimation, chromatographic and Turbidimetric Immuno assays respectively.

Results: Higher mean values of serum resistin & salivary resistin were observed in Group I (T2DM) (10.5730 + 11.11936) & (10.2643 + 13.77515) compared to Group II (HC) individuals (6.4787 + 6.44202) & (3.7577 + 4.62597) respectively. It was statistically significant with a p value of 0.38 & 0.32 respectively.

Conclusion: However, no correlation could be established between the diabetic markers FBS, HbA1C, hs-CRP and serum or salivary resistin. A negative correlation (-0.208) was observed between serum & salivary resistin.

Background: Palatal rugoscopy offers a potential solution for identifying victims with severely damaged remains. Unlike teeth, rugae remain stable, even in extreme conditions. This study focuses on edentulous individuals, a previously unexplored area, to assess the potential of digital rugae analysis for personal identification and gender determination.

Materials and methods: This study involved 138 edentulous patients seeking dentures. Maxillary casts were created from both intraoral impressions (Set A) which simulated ante mortem record and denture tissue surfaces (Set B) which simulated post mortem record. Set A was digitally scanned using Medit extraoral scanner, while Set B was photographed. Rugae patterns were classified based on shape and unification by digital analysis for gender determination. For personal identification, the simulated ante mortem and post mortem record patterns were digitally matched using adobe photoshop by overlapping the images to assess personal identification accuracy. Examiners determined the gender of individuals based solely on their rugae patterns and derived a formula.

Results: Palatal rugae analysis showed potential for gender determination and identification. Females had more curved rugae, while males had more wavy ones. Digital matching achieved high accuracy for gender prediction (96.03% sensitivity, 97.58% PPV). Rugae matching also showed promise for personal identification (95.97% sensitivity, 95.97% PPV).

Conclusions: This study demonstrates that palatal rugae patterns, even in edentulous individuals, offer reliable indicators for both gender determination and personal identification. Digital analysis and matching techniques yielded high accuracy, highlighting their forensic applicability in scenarios with compromised remains.

Background: Alteration of taste leads to changes in dietary habits with systemic consequences. Tobacco and alcohol users are known to have altered taste sensations (TS). Here, we ascertain the pattern of altered TS in tobacco and alcohol users in our institution.

Materials and methods: Four groups: Group A (no habits, n = 25), Group B (smokers and alcohol users, n = 25), Group C (smokers, alcohol, and tobacco chewers, n = 25), and Group D (alcohol users with tobacco chewing, n = 25). Taste strips for sweet, salt, sour, and bitter at four concentrations were used to ascertain the taste threshold as and high (1) to low (4). Data collected were analysed by Chi-square test in SPSS v. 16.0.

Results: Between Groups A, B, C, and D, the threshold levels for sweet and salt were not altered while the threshold level for sour (P = 0.02) and bitter (P = 0.005) was significantly increased.

Conclusion: Our study shows that tobacco and alcohol adversely affect the sour and bitter threshold.

Context: Periodontitis, whether associated with diabetes or not, may have an impact on periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), which can adversely affect the regeneration of lost periodontal tissues and therefore treatment outcome. This study aimed to analyse the characteristics and differentiation potential of PDLSCs isolated from periodontitis patients with and without diabetes.

Aims: To understand the effect of diabetes mellitus (type II) on the periodontal ligament cells in patients with periodontitis.

Settings and design: A cross-sectional prospective study was carried out from the Yenepoya Research Centre and from the Department of Periodontology, Yenepoya Dental College for sample collection.

Methods and material: The study utilized cell culture media, antibodies, an MTT assay kit and a differentiation kit. PDLSCs were isolated from granulation tissues of diabetic and non-diabetic periodontitis patients. Immunophenotyping confirmed mesenchymal markers, and the cells were evaluated for viability, migration, proliferation and differentiation into osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic lineages.

Statistical analysis used: Data analysed using SPSS version 22. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used, with statistical significance set at P < 0.05.

Results: PDLSCs isolated from all three sources exhibited similar phenotypic characteristics, including high expression of mesenchymal markers and showed comparable cell growth, viability, proliferation and migration (P < 0.05). All groups demonstrated chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation, with no evidence of adipogenic potential, indicating that even inflamed tissue can yield functional PDLSCs.

Conclusion: PDLSCs can be successfully isolated from inflamed periodontal granulation tissue in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients, exhibiting similar phenotypic characteristics to healthy PDLSCs while retaining comparable proliferative, migratory and differentiation potential.

Background: Odontogenic cysts are common jaw pathologies, causing delayed healing and requiring prosthetic replacement of the lost structures. Despite complete bone regeneration, recovery time is longer. Although numerous studies on managing these lesions using grafts have been found in the literature, ideal materials with potent regenerative properties have been least explored. Chitosan and concentrated growth factors individually have been studied for several years, but for the first time combined use of these grafts was evaluated in this novel study for their bone regenerative properties.

Aim: The study evaluated the ability of chitosan and concentrated growth factors (CGFs) to regenerate bone, grafted into enucleated cystic cavities.

Methodology: The study involved 10 participants, comprising of 3 males and 7 females, with an age range of 18-68 years and a mean of 43 years. Bone regenerative capacity upon implant placement was assessed using radiographic and histomorphometric analyses.

Results: Radiographic and histopathological analyses showed adequate bone filling, bone gain, denser bone, increased trabecular bone area formation, and more compact bone in the test group as compared to control group.

Conclusion: The study concluded that the use of chitosan and CGF in cystic lesions helps in bone regeneration, with Sacco's CGF being a simple and inexpensive method of preparation.

Clinical significance: Chitosan's high osteo-inductivity, osteo-integrability, ease of application, and progressive biodegradability make it a useful material. Combining chitosan and CGF can be considered a better option for large cystic cavities as a bone regenerative material.

Aim: The aim of the present study is to analyse the role of glucose transporter (GLUT)-1 in oral cancer. This study was performed to evaluate the expression of GLUT-1 in normal oral epithelium, to evaluate the expression of GLUT-1 levels in the tissue samples of grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) [well-differentiated (WD), moderately differentiated (MD), and poor differentiated (PD)], and to statistically compare the expression of GLUT-1 in normal epithelium and in the grades of OSCC.

Materials and methods: The study sample comprised formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 12 cases of histopathologically diagnosed WD OSCC and ten cases of MD and PD OSCC and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from ten cases of normal oral mucosa. Sections were mounted on glass slides coated with aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APES; Sigma chemical co., USA) and processed for subsequent immunohistochemical study to demonstrate GLUT-1.

Results: In our study, the GLUT-1 expression score of OSCC demonstrated strong positivity in 16 cases (50%), weak positivity in 11 cases (34.38%), and negativity in 5 cases (15.62%). There was significant correlation at a P value of 0.007 for expression of GLUT-1 in normal oral epithelium and OSCC.

Conclusion: Over-expression of GLUT-1 in peripheral cells of tumour islands and invasive front could reflect the active metabolism which may be taking place in these areas where cellular proliferation and invasion is at the highest. The notable expression of GLUT-1 in malignant cells reveals glucose transporters play a key role in tumour progression and metastasis.

Introduction: Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is a developmental odontogenic cyst with distinct pathological features and a high recurrence rate. Interest among OKCs became apparent by the clinical challenges associated with their treatment. Pathogenesis of OKCs is a multifactorial process, which is linked to several signalling pathways and expression of stem cell markers such as SOX2 and OCT4.

Materials and methods: Thirty cases of OKCs were categorised into three groups: primary (n = 10), recurrent (n = 10), and decompressed (n = 10). Tissue sections were immunohistochemically stained using anti-SOX2 and anti-OCT4 antibodies. Staining distribution, intensity, and localisation were evaluated qualitatively. Quantitative assessment was performed using Image Pro Plus software, and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software and results were statistically analysed.

Results: SOX2 expression was observed in 80% of primary, 80% recurrent, and 90% of decompressed OKCs, with significant differences in staining intensity (P = 0.032). Most cases exhibited diffuse, nuclear, and cytoplasmic positivity across the full epithelial thickness, particularly in suprabasal layers. OCT4 expression was limited to 10% of primary and 20% of recurrent OKCs, with no positivity observed in decompressed cases. OCT4 did not show statistically significant differences. Remmele scores for both markers were not statistically significant across the groups.

Conclusion: High expression of SOX2 in OKCs supports its role as a marker of epithelial stemness and a potential biomarker for aggressive behaviour and recurrence. Limited expression of OCT4 suggests a minimal role in OKC pathobiology, possibly associated with early differentiation. Lack of OCT4 expression in decompressed lesions raises questions about the molecular efficacy of decompression therapy.