Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1915.2024115
C Cao, J Zhang, Y Li, X Shen, J He, Z Bao, S Guo, K Yang, J Xu, S Li, X Zhou
Objective: To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones against of Oncomelania hupensis snails in snail habitats in marshland areas.
Methods: From September to October, 2022, marshlands were sampled from Dantu District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province as study areas, and assigned into four groups, of approximately 3 000 m2 per group. In Group A, environmental cleaning was performed, followed by spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with knapsack sprayers at a dose of 40 g/m2, and in Group B, 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules were sprayed with knapsack sprayers at a dose of 40 g/m2 without environmental cleaning, while in Group C, environmental cleaning was conducted, followed by spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones at a dose of 40 g/m2, and in Group D, 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules were sprayed with drones at a dose of 40 g/m2 without environmental cleaning. Then, the study areas in each group were equally divided into six blocks, with Block 1 for baseline surveys and blocks 2 to 6 for snail surveys 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 days following chemical treatment. The mortality of snails and the reduction of the density of living snails were calculated.
Results: A total of 132 frames were surveyed during the period from September to October 2022, and the occurrence of frames with living snails and means density of living snails were 61.36% (81/132) and 1.58 snails/0.1 m2, respectively. The overall mortality rates of snails were 43.02% (77/179), 38.69% (77/199), 47.78% (86/180) and 31.02% (58/187) 14 days following chemical treatment in groups A, B, C and D, respectively (χ2 = 11.646, P < 0.05), and there were differences detected in the snail mortality between group A and D, and between groups C and D (both Padjusted values < 0.05). The adjusted mortality rates of snails were 37.42%, 36.07%, 38.85% and 40.40% in groups A, B, C and D 14 days post-treatment, and the density of living snails decreased by 48.10%, 63.29%, 67.09% and 69.62% 14 days post-treatment relative to pre-treatment, respectively.
Conclusions: Chemical treatment with drones is feasible for O. hupensis snail control in marshland areas; however, the molluscicidal effect of spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones is comparable to spraying chemicals manually in marshland areas regardless of environmental cleaning.
{"title":"[Molluscicidal effect of spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones against <i>Oncomelania hupensis</i> in marshland areas].","authors":"C Cao, J Zhang, Y Li, X Shen, J He, Z Bao, S Guo, K Yang, J Xu, S Li, X Zhou","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2024115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1915.2024115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones against of <i>Oncomelania hupensis</i> snails in snail habitats in marshland areas.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From September to October, 2022, marshlands were sampled from Dantu District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province as study areas, and assigned into four groups, of approximately 3 000 m<sup>2</sup> per group. In Group A, environmental cleaning was performed, followed by spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with knapsack sprayers at a dose of 40 g/m<sup>2</sup>, and in Group B, 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules were sprayed with knapsack sprayers at a dose of 40 g/m<sup>2</sup> without environmental cleaning, while in Group C, environmental cleaning was conducted, followed by spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones at a dose of 40 g/m<sup>2</sup>, and in Group D, 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules were sprayed with drones at a dose of 40 g/m<sup>2</sup> without environmental cleaning. Then, the study areas in each group were equally divided into six blocks, with Block 1 for baseline surveys and blocks 2 to 6 for snail surveys 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 days following chemical treatment. The mortality of snails and the reduction of the density of living snails were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 132 frames were surveyed during the period from September to October 2022, and the occurrence of frames with living snails and means density of living snails were 61.36% (81/132) and 1.58 snails/0.1 m<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The overall mortality rates of snails were 43.02% (77/179), 38.69% (77/199), 47.78% (86/180) and 31.02% (58/187) 14 days following chemical treatment in groups A, B, C and D, respectively (χ<sup>2</sup> = 11.646, <i>P</i> < 0.05), and there were differences detected in the snail mortality between group A and D, and between groups C and D (both <i>P</i><sub>adjusted</sub> values < 0.05). The adjusted mortality rates of snails were 37.42%, 36.07%, 38.85% and 40.40% in groups A, B, C and D 14 days post-treatment, and the density of living snails decreased by 48.10%, 63.29%, 67.09% and 69.62% 14 days post-treatment relative to pre-treatment, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Chemical treatment with drones is feasible for <i>O. hupensis</i> snail control in marshland areas; however, the molluscicidal effect of spraying 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules with drones is comparable to spraying chemicals manually in marshland areas regardless of environmental cleaning.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"36 5","pages":"531-534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1915.2024119
Y Zhang, C Zang, X Pan, M Gong, H Liu
<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To understand the genetic basis of the adaptation of <i>Culex tritaeniorhynchus</i> to different environmental ecology in Jining City, Shandong Province, so as to provide insights into understanding of the population structure or isolation pattern of <i>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</i> in the city.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven sampling sites were selected from urban, suburban and rural areas of Jining City, Shandong Province from June to August 2023, and mosquitoes were collected using mosquito-trapping lamps. All collected adult mosquitoes were identified morphologically. Genomic DNA was extracted from a single female <i>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</i> mosquito, and the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase I (<i>COI</i>) gene was amplified using a PCR assay, sequenced and subjected to molecular identification. The number of haplotypes, haplotype diversity (<i>Hd</i>), nucleotide diversity (<i>Pi</i>), and average number of nucleotide differences (<i>K</i>) of <i>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</i> DNA sequences were estimated among different sampling sites using the software DnaSP 6, and a neutrality test was performed. The fixation index (<i>F<sub>ST</sub></i>), and gene flow (number of migrants, <i>Nm</i>) of <i>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</i> populations were calculated using the software Arlequin 3.5.2, and subjected to analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). In addition, a haplotype network diagrams and a phylogenetic tree of <i>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</i> populations were created using the software PopART and MEGA 11, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 420 sequences were successfully amplified from the <i>COI</i> gene of <i>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</i> samples collected from 7 sampling sites in Jining City, and a gene fragment sequence with a length of 603 bp was obtained, with 55 variable sites and 46 haplotypes and without insertion or deletion mutations. Of the 46 haplotypes, H01 was the dominant shared haplotype, and the haplotype frequency increased gradually from urban areas (34.00%) to rural areas (47.00%). The mean <i>Hd</i>, <i>Pi</i> and <i>K</i> values of <i>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus COI</i> genes were 0.814, 0.024 and 14.129, 0.489, 0.016 and 7.941 and 0.641, 0.016 and 10.393 in suburban, urban, and rural areas, respectively, with the highest population diversity of <i>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</i> in suburban areas and the lowest in urban areas. Paired <i>F<sub>ST</sub></i> analysis among different types of sampling sites showed that the mean <i>F<sub>ST</sub></i> value was 0.029 between urban and suburban areas, indicating more frequent inter-population communication. AMOVA revealed that the percentage of intra-population variation (95.74%) was higher than that of inter-population variation (4.26%). Neutrality tests showed deviation from neutrality in <i>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</i> populations collected from Nanyang Township (Tajima's <i>D</i> = 2.793, Fu's <i>Fs</i> = 6.429, both <i>P</i> values < 0.05). In a
目的：了解山东省济宁市三带喙库蚊对不同环境生态适应的遗传基础，为了解三带喙库蚊种群结构或分离格局提供依据。三带喙龙在城市。方法：于2023年6 - 8月在山东省济宁市市区、郊区和农村选取7个采样点，采用诱蚊灯采集蚊虫。收集到的所有成蚊均进行形态鉴定。从单个雌性Cx中提取基因组DNA。三带喙蚊线粒体细胞色素C氧化酶I （cytochrome C oxidase I， COI）基因通过PCR扩增，测序并进行分子鉴定。Cx的单倍型数量、单倍型多样性（Hd）、核苷酸多样性（Pi）和平均核苷酸差异数(K)。利用dnasp6软件估算不同采样点三带喙龙DNA序列，并进行中立性检验。Cx的固定指数（FST）和基因流（迁移数，Nm）。采用Arlequin 3.5.2软件计算三带喙库蚊种群，并进行分子方差分析（AMOVA）。此外，还绘制了Cx的单倍型网络图和系统发育树。利用PopART和mega11软件分别建立三带喙库种群。结果：从Cx的COI基因中成功扩增出420个序列。从济宁市7个采样点采集三带喙库蚊样本，获得长度为603 bp的基因片段序列，包含55个可变位点，46个单倍型，无插入或缺失突变。在46个单倍型中，H01为优势共享单倍型，单倍型频率由城市（34.00%）向农村（47.00%）逐渐增加。Cx的Hd， Pi和K值的平均值。三带喙库蚊COI基因在郊区、城市和农村分别为0.814、0.024和14.129、0.489、0.016和7.941、0.641、0.016和10.393，种群多样性最高。郊区以三带喙蚊居多，城区以三带喙蚊居少。不同类型采样点间的FST配对分析表明，城市与郊区的平均FST值为0.029，表明人口间交流更为频繁。AMOVA分析结果显示，种群内变异比例（95.74%）高于种群间变异比例（4.26%）。中性试验显示Cx偏离中性。南洋乡三带喙蚊种群（Tajima’s D = 2.793, Fu’s Fs = 6.429， P值均< 0.05）。此外，Cx的失配分布曲线。济宁市三带喙库蚊COI基因呈双峰或多峰分布，总体种群规模相对稳定。结论：线粒体COI基因可作为Cx种群遗传多样性研究的分子标记。tritaeniorhynchus。Cx的群体遗传多样性。济宁市郊区三带喙库蚊种群数量高于农村和城市，且三带喙库蚊种群间基因交流频繁。城市和郊区三带喙蚊种群。
{"title":"[Population genetic diversity of <i>Culex tritaeniorhynchus</i> in Jining City of Shandong Province based on the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase I gene].","authors":"Y Zhang, C Zang, X Pan, M Gong, H Liu","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2024119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1915.2024119","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To understand the genetic basis of the adaptation of <i>Culex tritaeniorhynchus</i> to different environmental ecology in Jining City, Shandong Province, so as to provide insights into understanding of the population structure or isolation pattern of <i>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</i> in the city.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Seven sampling sites were selected from urban, suburban and rural areas of Jining City, Shandong Province from June to August 2023, and mosquitoes were collected using mosquito-trapping lamps. All collected adult mosquitoes were identified morphologically. Genomic DNA was extracted from a single female <i>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</i> mosquito, and the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase I (<i>COI</i>) gene was amplified using a PCR assay, sequenced and subjected to molecular identification. The number of haplotypes, haplotype diversity (<i>Hd</i>), nucleotide diversity (<i>Pi</i>), and average number of nucleotide differences (<i>K</i>) of <i>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</i> DNA sequences were estimated among different sampling sites using the software DnaSP 6, and a neutrality test was performed. The fixation index (<i>F<sub>ST</sub></i>), and gene flow (number of migrants, <i>Nm</i>) of <i>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</i> populations were calculated using the software Arlequin 3.5.2, and subjected to analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). In addition, a haplotype network diagrams and a phylogenetic tree of <i>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</i> populations were created using the software PopART and MEGA 11, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 420 sequences were successfully amplified from the <i>COI</i> gene of <i>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</i> samples collected from 7 sampling sites in Jining City, and a gene fragment sequence with a length of 603 bp was obtained, with 55 variable sites and 46 haplotypes and without insertion or deletion mutations. Of the 46 haplotypes, H01 was the dominant shared haplotype, and the haplotype frequency increased gradually from urban areas (34.00%) to rural areas (47.00%). The mean <i>Hd</i>, <i>Pi</i> and <i>K</i> values of <i>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus COI</i> genes were 0.814, 0.024 and 14.129, 0.489, 0.016 and 7.941 and 0.641, 0.016 and 10.393 in suburban, urban, and rural areas, respectively, with the highest population diversity of <i>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</i> in suburban areas and the lowest in urban areas. Paired <i>F<sub>ST</sub></i> analysis among different types of sampling sites showed that the mean <i>F<sub>ST</sub></i> value was 0.029 between urban and suburban areas, indicating more frequent inter-population communication. AMOVA revealed that the percentage of intra-population variation (95.74%) was higher than that of inter-population variation (4.26%). Neutrality tests showed deviation from neutrality in <i>Cx. tritaeniorhynchus</i> populations collected from Nanyang Township (Tajima's <i>D</i> = 2.793, Fu's <i>Fs</i> = 6.429, both <i>P</i> values < 0.05). In a","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"36 5","pages":"466-473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1915.2024128
Y Chen, X Xu, D Wen, B Dai, L Gao, R Zhang, Q Huang, L Li, F Zha, L Fang, P Zhang, S Zhang, C Cao
<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the molluscicidal effect and cost of spraying molluscicides with drones against <i>Oncomelania hupensis</i> snails in marshland and lake areas, so as to provide new insights into field snail control in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A marshland and lake setting measuring approximately 12 000 m<sup>2</sup> was selected in Wanzhi District, Wuhu City on June 2023 as the test field, and assigned to four groups, of 3 000 m<sup>2</sup> in each group. Environmental cleaning was not conducted in groups A or B, which were given 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules sprayed with knapsack-type sprayers and drones at a dose of 40 g/m<sup>2</sup>, and environmental cleaning was conducted in groups C and D, which were given 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules sprayed with drones and knapsack-type sprayers at a dose of 40 g/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively. <i>O. hupensis</i> snails were surveyed before chemical treatment and 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 days post-treatment. The uniformity of chemicals was determined on the day of treatment, and the snail mortality, corrected snail mortality and density of living snails were calculated and compared among groups. The cost of molluscicides, labor fees of environmental cleaning and chemical treatment and cost of equipment were calculated, and the cost for a 1% reduction in the mean density of living snails was calculated 14 days post-treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean densities of living snails and mortality rates of snails were 1.82 to 2.85 snails/0.1 m<sup>2</sup> and 1.41% to 2.94% in groups A, B, C and D before chemical treatment, and the mortality and corrected mortality of snails were 55.75%, 49.32%, 85.94% and 87.50%, and 55.00%, 48.47%, 85.70% and 87.29% in groups A, B, C and D 14 days post-treatment. There was a significant difference in the mortality of snails among the four groups 14 days post-treatment (χ<sup>2</sup> = 38.735, <i>P</i> < 0.005), and there was a higher snail mortality in Group D than in Group A (χ<sup>2</sup> = 16.876, <i>P</i> < 0.005), and higher in Group C than in Group B (χ<sup>2</sup> = 20.508, <i>P</i> < 0.005). The density of living snails reduced by 55.00%, 43.94%, 90.43% and 87.14% 14 days post-treatment relative to pre-treatment in groups A, B, C and D, respectively. The test for uniformity of chemicals showed that the mean dose of molluscicides were 57.34, 55.21, 40.19 g/m<sup>2</sup> and 32.37 g/m<sup>2</sup> in groups A, B, C and D, respectively, and the minimal standard deviation (7.07) and coefficient of variation (0.18) of mean doses were seen in Group C. The costs for chemical treatment were 0.33 Yuan in groups A and B and 1.53 Yuan in groups C and D, respectively. The costs for a 1% reduction in the mean density of living snails were 17.82, 22.47, 50.73 Yuan and 52.56 Yuan in groups A, B, C, and D 14 days post-treatment, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The molluscicidal effect and cost of spra
目的：评价无人机对沼泽湖区钉螺的杀螺效果和成本，为中国野外钉螺防治提供新的思路。方法：于2023年6月在芜湖市万治区选取约1.2万m2的湿地和湖泊作为试验田，分为4组，每组3 000 m2。A组和B组不进行环境清洁，分别给予5%硝氯胺乙醇胺盐颗粒，使用背包式喷雾器和无人机喷洒，剂量为40 g/m2； C组和D组分别给予5%硝氯胺乙醇胺盐颗粒，使用无人机和背包式喷雾器喷洒，剂量为40 g/m2。分别于化学处理前和处理后1、3、5、7、14 d对钉螺进行调查。测定处理当日药剂均匀性，计算各组钉螺死亡率、校正钉螺死亡率和活螺密度并进行比较。计算杀螺剂成本、环境清洗和化学处理人工费用及设备费用，计算处理后14 d平均活螺密度降低1%的成本。结果：化学处理前A、B、C、D组钉螺平均活密度为1.82 ~ 2.85只/0.1 m2，钉螺死亡率为1.41% ~ 2.94%，处理后14 D A、B、C、D组钉螺死亡率和校正死亡率分别为55.75%、49.32%、85.94%和87.50%，处理后14 D A、B、C、D组钉螺死亡率分别为55.00%、48.47%、85.70%和87.29%。治疗14 D后4组钉螺死亡率差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 38.735, P < 0.005），其中D组钉螺死亡率高于a组（χ2 = 16.876, P < 0.005）， C组钉螺死亡率高于B组（χ2 = 20.508, P < 0.005）。处理14 D后，A、B、C、D组钉螺活密度分别较处理前降低55.00%、43.94%、90.43%、87.14%。化学药剂均一性检验结果显示，A、B、C、D组杀螺剂平均剂量分别为57.34、55.21、40.19、32.37 g/m2， C组平均剂量标准差最小（7.07），变异系数最小（0.18），化学药剂处理费用A、B组分别为0.33元、C、D组分别为1.53元。a、B、C、D组平均钉螺密度每降低1%，处理后14 D的成本分别为17.82元、22.47元、50.73元、52.56元。结论：无人机喷洒5%氯硝沙胺乙醇胺盐颗粒的杀螺效果和成本与人工喷洒相当，且无人机化学处理杀螺剂均一性高，省时省力，适用于复杂环境，值得在防螺领域广泛应用。
{"title":"[Cost-effectiveness analysis of chemical treatment with drones for <i>Oncomelania hupensis</i> control in marshland and lake areas].","authors":"Y Chen, X Xu, D Wen, B Dai, L Gao, R Zhang, Q Huang, L Li, F Zha, L Fang, P Zhang, S Zhang, C Cao","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2024128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1915.2024128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the molluscicidal effect and cost of spraying molluscicides with drones against <i>Oncomelania hupensis</i> snails in marshland and lake areas, so as to provide new insights into field snail control in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A marshland and lake setting measuring approximately 12 000 m<sup>2</sup> was selected in Wanzhi District, Wuhu City on June 2023 as the test field, and assigned to four groups, of 3 000 m<sup>2</sup> in each group. Environmental cleaning was not conducted in groups A or B, which were given 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules sprayed with knapsack-type sprayers and drones at a dose of 40 g/m<sup>2</sup>, and environmental cleaning was conducted in groups C and D, which were given 5% niclosamide ethanolamine salt granules sprayed with drones and knapsack-type sprayers at a dose of 40 g/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively. <i>O. hupensis</i> snails were surveyed before chemical treatment and 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 days post-treatment. The uniformity of chemicals was determined on the day of treatment, and the snail mortality, corrected snail mortality and density of living snails were calculated and compared among groups. The cost of molluscicides, labor fees of environmental cleaning and chemical treatment and cost of equipment were calculated, and the cost for a 1% reduction in the mean density of living snails was calculated 14 days post-treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean densities of living snails and mortality rates of snails were 1.82 to 2.85 snails/0.1 m<sup>2</sup> and 1.41% to 2.94% in groups A, B, C and D before chemical treatment, and the mortality and corrected mortality of snails were 55.75%, 49.32%, 85.94% and 87.50%, and 55.00%, 48.47%, 85.70% and 87.29% in groups A, B, C and D 14 days post-treatment. There was a significant difference in the mortality of snails among the four groups 14 days post-treatment (χ<sup>2</sup> = 38.735, <i>P</i> < 0.005), and there was a higher snail mortality in Group D than in Group A (χ<sup>2</sup> = 16.876, <i>P</i> < 0.005), and higher in Group C than in Group B (χ<sup>2</sup> = 20.508, <i>P</i> < 0.005). The density of living snails reduced by 55.00%, 43.94%, 90.43% and 87.14% 14 days post-treatment relative to pre-treatment in groups A, B, C and D, respectively. The test for uniformity of chemicals showed that the mean dose of molluscicides were 57.34, 55.21, 40.19 g/m<sup>2</sup> and 32.37 g/m<sup>2</sup> in groups A, B, C and D, respectively, and the minimal standard deviation (7.07) and coefficient of variation (0.18) of mean doses were seen in Group C. The costs for chemical treatment were 0.33 Yuan in groups A and B and 1.53 Yuan in groups C and D, respectively. The costs for a 1% reduction in the mean density of living snails were 17.82, 22.47, 50.73 Yuan and 52.56 Yuan in groups A, B, C, and D 14 days post-treatment, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The molluscicidal effect and cost of spra","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"36 5","pages":"502-506"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-23DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2024097
G Zhang, Q Zhang, Y Fang, F Pei, Q Mao, J Liu, Z Deng, D Wu, W Lu, J Liu, Y Liao, J Zhang, J Chen
Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and spatial distribution characteristics of Clonorchis sinensis human infections in Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2022, so as to provide insights into formulation of the clonorchiasis control measures in the province.
Methods: Xinhui District of Jiangmen City, Longmen County of Huizhou City and Wengyuan County of Shaoguan City in Guangdong Province were selected as fixed surveillance sites for human clonorchiasis from 2016 to 2022, and additional 10% to 15% counties (districts) endemic for clonorchiasis were sampled from Guangdong Province as mobile surveillance sites each year from 2016 to 2022. A village (community) was randomly selected from each surveillance site according to the geographical orientations of east, west, south, north and middle, and subjects were randomly sampled from each village (community). C. sinensis eggs were detected in subjects' stool samples using the Kato-Katz technique, and the prevalence and intensity of C. sinensis infections were calculated. In addition, subjects' gender, age, ethnicity, educational level and occupation were collected. The Guangdong Provincial 1:1 million electronic map in vector format was downloaded from the National Geomatics Center of China, and kernel density analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis of C. sinensis human infections in Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2022 were performed using the software ArcGIS 10.7.
Results: A total of 153 188 residents were tested for C. sinensis infections in Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2022, including 75 596 men (49.35%) and 77 592 women (50.65%), and there were 5 369 residents infected with C. sinensis, with 3.50% overall prevalence of infections. The prevalence rates of severe, moderate and mild C. sinensis infections were 0.76%, 7.26% and 91.97% among C. sinensis-infected residents in Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2022, and there were age-, gender-, ethnicity-, occupation- and educational level-specific prevalence of C. sinensis human infections (χ2 = 2 578.31, 637.33, 52.22, 2 893.28 and 1 139.33, all P values < 0.05). Global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed a cluster in the prevalence of C. sinensis human infections in Guangdong Province (Moran's I = 0.63, Z = 27.31, P < 0.05). Kernel density analysis showed that the prevalence of C. sinensis human infections with a high kernel density in Guangdong Province was mainly distributed along the Zhujiang River basin in Pearl River Delta areas, followed by in eastern and northern Guangdong Province. In addition, local spatial autocorrelation analysis identified 73 high-high clusters of the prevalence of C. sinensis human infections in Guangdong Province.
Conclusions: The prevalence of C. sinensis human infection
{"title":"[Epidemiological and spatial distribution characteristics of <i>Clonorchis sinensis</i> human infections in Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2022].","authors":"G Zhang, Q Zhang, Y Fang, F Pei, Q Mao, J Liu, Z Deng, D Wu, W Lu, J Liu, Y Liao, J Zhang, J Chen","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1374.2024097","DOIUrl":"10.16250/j.32.1374.2024097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and spatial distribution characteristics of <i>Clonorchis sinensis</i> human infections in Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2022, so as to provide insights into formulation of the clonorchiasis control measures in the province.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Xinhui District of Jiangmen City, Longmen County of Huizhou City and Wengyuan County of Shaoguan City in Guangdong Province were selected as fixed surveillance sites for human clonorchiasis from 2016 to 2022, and additional 10% to 15% counties (districts) endemic for clonorchiasis were sampled from Guangdong Province as mobile surveillance sites each year from 2016 to 2022. A village (community) was randomly selected from each surveillance site according to the geographical orientations of east, west, south, north and middle, and subjects were randomly sampled from each village (community). <i>C. sinensis</i> eggs were detected in subjects' stool samples using the Kato-Katz technique, and the prevalence and intensity of <i>C. sinensis</i> infections were calculated. In addition, subjects' gender, age, ethnicity, educational level and occupation were collected. The Guangdong Provincial 1:1 million electronic map in vector format was downloaded from the National Geomatics Center of China, and kernel density analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis of <i>C. sinensis</i> human infections in Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2022 were performed using the software ArcGIS 10.7.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 153 188 residents were tested for <i>C. sinensis</i> infections in Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2022, including 75 596 men (49.35%) and 77 592 women (50.65%), and there were 5 369 residents infected with <i>C. sinensis</i>, with 3.50% overall prevalence of infections. The prevalence rates of severe, moderate and mild <i>C. sinensis</i> infections were 0.76%, 7.26% and 91.97% among <i>C. sinensis</i>-infected residents in Guangdong Province from 2016 to 2022, and there were age-, gender-, ethnicity-, occupation- and educational level-specific prevalence of <i>C. sinensis</i> human infections (χ<sup>2</sup> = 2 578.31, 637.33, 52.22, 2 893.28 and 1 139.33, all <i>P</i> values < 0.05). Global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed a cluster in the prevalence of <i>C. sinensis</i> human infections in Guangdong Province (Moran's <i>I</i> = 0.63, <i>Z</i> = 27.31, <i>P</i> < 0.05). Kernel density analysis showed that the prevalence of <i>C. sinensis</i> human infections with a high kernel density in Guangdong Province was mainly distributed along the Zhujiang River basin in Pearl River Delta areas, followed by in eastern and northern Guangdong Province. In addition, local spatial autocorrelation analysis identified 73 high-high clusters of the prevalence of <i>C. sinensis</i> human infections in Guangdong Province.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of <i>C. sinensis</i> human infection","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"36 6","pages":"584-590"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1915.2024053
F Gao, S Zhang, S Ding, X Xu, T Wang, B Dai
Objective: To investigate the trends in areas of Oncomelania hupensis snail habitats in Anhui Province from 2004 to 2023, so as to provide insights into facilitating the progress of schistosomiasis elimination in the province.
Methods: Areas of O. hupensis snail habitats in Anhui Province from 2004 to 2023 were collected, and the trends in and mutations of O. hupensis snail habitats in Anhui Province, and the trends in O. hupensis snail habitats in different types of schistosomiasis-endemic foci and in different cities of Anhui Province from 2004 to 2023 were analyzed using Mann-Kendall test.
Results: The areas of O. hupensis snail habitats reduced by 12.62% in Anhui Province in 2023 relative to in 2004. Mann-Kendall trend test showed that the areas of O. hupensis snail habitats appeared a tendency towards a decline in Anhui Province from 2004 to 2023 (Z = -3.926, P < 0.001, β = -215.66), with an annual average reduction of 215.66 hm2. Mann-Kendall mutation test showed that the areas of O. hupensis snail habitats appeared a tendency towards a decline in Anhui Province since 2015 (|Z| > U0.05, P < 0.05). The areas of O. hupensis snail habitats appeared a tendency towards a decline in marshland and lake regions (Z = -4.899, P < 0.001, β = -260.13), and a tendency towards a rise in hilly regions of Anhui Province from 2004 to 2023 (Z = 2.758, P < 0.01, β = 44.55). Among 9 cities endemic for schistosomiasis in Anhui Province, the areas of O. hupensis snail habitats appeared a tendency towards a decline in 5 cities of Ma'anshan, Tongling, Anqing, Huangshan and Chizhou (Z = -4.056 to -2.109, all P values < 0.05, β = -92.12 to -0.45). The average constituent ratios of areas of O. hupensis snail habitats were 88.19% and 11.81% in marshland and lake regions and hilly regions of Anhui Province from 2004 to 2023, respectively, and the ratio of areas of O. hupensis snail habitats in marshland and lake regions to areas of snail habitats in hilly regions reduced from 9.23∶1 in 2004 to 5.74∶1 in 2023 in Anhui Province, with the ratio appearing a tendency towards a decline (Z = -4.477, P < 0.001, β = -0.16).
Conclusions: The areas of O. hupensis snail habitats appeared a tendency towards a decline in Anhui Province from 2004 to 2023, with a reduction in areas of O. hupensis snail habitats in marshland and lake regions and a rise in hilly regions. Targeted O. hupensis snail control interventions are required tailored to real snail status.
{"title":"[Trends in areas of <i>Oncomelania hupensis</i> snail habitats in Anhui Province from 2004 to 2023 based on the Mann-Kendall test].","authors":"F Gao, S Zhang, S Ding, X Xu, T Wang, B Dai","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2024053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1915.2024053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the trends in areas of <i>Oncomelania hupensis</i> snail habitats in Anhui Province from 2004 to 2023, so as to provide insights into facilitating the progress of schistosomiasis elimination in the province.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Areas of <i>O. hupensis</i> snail habitats in Anhui Province from 2004 to 2023 were collected, and the trends in and mutations of <i>O. hupensis</i> snail habitats in Anhui Province, and the trends in <i>O. hupensis</i> snail habitats in different types of schistosomiasis-endemic foci and in different cities of Anhui Province from 2004 to 2023 were analyzed using Mann-Kendall test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The areas of <i>O. hupensis</i> snail habitats reduced by 12.62% in Anhui Province in 2023 relative to in 2004. Mann-Kendall trend test showed that the areas of <i>O. hupensis</i> snail habitats appeared a tendency towards a decline in Anhui Province from 2004 to 2023 (<i>Z</i> = -3.926, <i>P</i> < 0.001, β = -215.66), with an annual average reduction of 215.66 hm<sup>2</sup>. Mann-Kendall mutation test showed that the areas of <i>O. hupensis</i> snail habitats appeared a tendency towards a decline in Anhui Province since 2015 (|<i>Z</i>| > <i>U</i><sub>0.05</sub>, <i>P</i> < 0.05). The areas of <i>O. hupensis</i> snail habitats appeared a tendency towards a decline in marshland and lake regions (<i>Z</i> = -4.899, <i>P</i> < 0.001, β = -260.13), and a tendency towards a rise in hilly regions of Anhui Province from 2004 to 2023 (<i>Z</i> = 2.758, <i>P</i> < 0.01, β = 44.55). Among 9 cities endemic for schistosomiasis in Anhui Province, the areas of <i>O. hupensis</i> snail habitats appeared a tendency towards a decline in 5 cities of Ma'anshan, Tongling, Anqing, Huangshan and Chizhou (<i>Z</i> = -4.056 to -2.109, all <i>P</i> values < 0.05, β = -92.12 to -0.45). The average constituent ratios of areas of <i>O. hupensis</i> snail habitats were 88.19% and 11.81% in marshland and lake regions and hilly regions of Anhui Province from 2004 to 2023, respectively, and the ratio of areas of <i>O. hupensis</i> snail habitats in marshland and lake regions to areas of snail habitats in hilly regions reduced from 9.23∶1 in 2004 to 5.74∶1 in 2023 in Anhui Province, with the ratio appearing a tendency towards a decline (<i>Z</i> = -4.477, <i>P</i> < 0.001, β = -0.16).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The areas of <i>O. hupensis</i> snail habitats appeared a tendency towards a decline in Anhui Province from 2004 to 2023, with a reduction in areas of <i>O. hupensis</i> snail habitats in marshland and lake regions and a rise in hilly regions. Targeted <i>O. hupensis</i> snail control interventions are required tailored to real snail status.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"36 5","pages":"460-465"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2023251
Y Zhou, S Yang, Y Yang, Y He, S Yuan, Z Chen, T Ren
Objective: To investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards scrub typhus control and analyse the influencing factors among residents in Longling County, Yunnan Province in 2023, so as to provide insights into management of scrub typhus in the county.
Methods: Two townships were randomly sampled from Longling County, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province in July 2023, and 2 to 3 administrative villages were randomly selected from each township. Then, 20 to 40 households were randomly selected from each village, and 1 to 2 villagers were surveyed in each household. Residents' KAP towards scrub typhus control was investigated, and factor affecting residents' KAP towards scrub typhus control were identified with independent samples t test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple linear regression analysis.
Results: A total of 417 questionnaires were allocated, and 410 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 98.32%. Of all respondents, 65.85% (270/410) heard of scrub typhus but were not familiar with it, and 12.68% (52/410) and 1.95% (8/410) were familiar and very familiar with it, respectively. Residents mainly acquired scrub typhus control knowledge via their relatives and friends. The knowledge, attitude, and behavior scores of the respondents with regard to scrub typhus were (34.14 ± 13.07), (55.04 ± 6.69), and (21.40 ± 5.61), respectively, and the total score for knowledge, belief, and behavior in relation to scrub typhus prevention and control was (110.57 ± 18.80). Univariate analysis revealed that age (F = 3.12, P < 0.05), education (F = 10.77, P < 0.05), occupation (F = 4.89, P < 0.05), frequency of outdoor activities (F = 3.61, P < 0.05), and type of place of residence (t = 1.33, P < 0.05) were the factors that influenced the participants' scores for knowledge of the prevention and control of scrub typhus. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that literacy level (β = 10.20 to 16.71, P < 0.05) and category of residence (β = -7.23, P < 0.05) were the factors that influenced residents' current knowledge and trust behavior in relation to scrub typhus.
Conclusions: Place of residence and educational level are critical factors affecting scrub typhus control among residents in Longling County, Yunnan Province. Intensified health education pertaining to scrub typhus control and appropriate behavioral interventions are required among residents living in urban areas, with a low educational level and frequent outdoor activities.
目的：了解2023年云南省隆陵县居民对恙虫病防治的知识、态度和行为（KAP），并分析影响因素，为该县恙虫病防治提供参考。方法：于2023年7月在云南省宝山市龙陵县随机抽取2个乡镇，每个乡镇随机抽取2 ~ 3个行政村。然后在每个村随机抽取20 ~ 40户，每户调查1 ~ 2名村民。调查居民对恙虫病防治的知晓度，采用独立样本t检验或方差分析（ANOVA）和多元线性回归分析确定居民对恙虫病防治知晓度的影响因素。结果：共发放问卷417份，回收有效问卷410份，有效回收率为98.32%。65.85%（270/410）的人听说过恙虫病但不熟悉，12.68%（52/410）的人熟悉恙虫病，1.95%（8/410）的人非常熟悉恙虫病。居民主要通过亲友获取恙虫病防治知识。调查对象对恙虫病的知识、态度和行为得分分别为（34.14±13.07）分、（55.04±6.69）分和（21.40±5.61）分，对恙虫病防治的知识、信念和行为总分为（110.57±18.80）分。单因素分析显示，年龄（F = 3.12, P < 0.05）、文化程度（F = 10.77, P < 0.05）、职业（F = 4.89, P < 0.05）、户外活动频率（F = 3.61, P < 0.05）、居住地类型（t = 1.33, P < 0.05）是影响恙虫病防治知识得分的因素。多元线性回归分析显示，居民文化水平（β = 10.20 ~ 16.71, P < 0.05）和居住类型（β = -7.23, P < 0.05）是影响居民对恙虫病知识和信任行为现状的因素。结论：居住地和文化程度是影响云南省隆陵县居民恙虫病防治的关键因素。对生活在城市地区的受教育程度低、户外活动频繁的居民，需要加强有关控制恙虫病和适当行为干预的健康教育。
{"title":"[Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards scrub typhus control and associated influencing factors among residents in Longling County, Yunnan Province in 2023].","authors":"Y Zhou, S Yang, Y Yang, Y He, S Yuan, Z Chen, T Ren","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1374.2023251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1374.2023251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards scrub typhus control and analyse the influencing factors among residents in Longling County, Yunnan Province in 2023, so as to provide insights into management of scrub typhus in the county.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Two townships were randomly sampled from Longling County, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province in July 2023, and 2 to 3 administrative villages were randomly selected from each township. Then, 20 to 40 households were randomly selected from each village, and 1 to 2 villagers were surveyed in each household. Residents' KAP towards scrub typhus control was investigated, and factor affecting residents' KAP towards scrub typhus control were identified with independent samples <i>t</i> test or analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple linear regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 417 questionnaires were allocated, and 410 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 98.32%. Of all respondents, 65.85% (270/410) heard of scrub typhus but were not familiar with it, and 12.68% (52/410) and 1.95% (8/410) were familiar and very familiar with it, respectively. Residents mainly acquired scrub typhus control knowledge via their relatives and friends. The knowledge, attitude, and behavior scores of the respondents with regard to scrub typhus were (34.14 ± 13.07), (55.04 ± 6.69), and (21.40 ± 5.61), respectively, and the total score for knowledge, belief, and behavior in relation to scrub typhus prevention and control was (110.57 ± 18.80). Univariate analysis revealed that age (<i>F</i> = 3.12, <i>P</i> < 0.05), education (<i>F</i> = 10.77, <i>P</i> < 0.05), occupation (<i>F</i> = 4.89, <i>P</i> < 0.05), frequency of outdoor activities (<i>F</i> = 3.61, <i>P</i> < 0.05), and type of place of residence (<i>t</i> = 1.33, <i>P</i> < 0.05) were the factors that influenced the participants' scores for knowledge of the prevention and control of scrub typhus. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that literacy level (β = 10.20 to 16.71, <i>P</i> < 0.05) and category of residence (β = -7.23, <i>P</i> < 0.05) were the factors that influenced residents' current knowledge and trust behavior in relation to scrub typhus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Place of residence and educational level are critical factors affecting scrub typhus control among residents in Longling County, Yunnan Province. Intensified health education pertaining to scrub typhus control and appropriate behavioral interventions are required among residents living in urban areas, with a low educational level and frequent outdoor activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"36 5","pages":"507-513"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2023236
H Zhang, X Su, J Zhang, Y Zhang
This paper reports the diagnosis and treatment of the first imported case of schistosomiasis haematobia in Xihu District of Hangzhou. The patient was an international student from Zimbabwe, and experienced repeated gross hematuria without obvious motivation. Cystoscopy displayed bladder masses, and a large number of fresh or calcified parasite eggs were found in pathological sections. In addition, urine microscopy identified Schistosoma haematobium eggs. The case was therefore definitively diagnosed as overseas imported case of imported schistosomiasis haematobia. Another case of schistosomiasis mansoni was identified among international students in the same school with the patient above by indirect haemagglutination test and urine and stool etiology examination. It is recommended to intensify health education and monitoring among overseas floating populations and improve the diagnostic skills of overseas imported schistosomiasis among professionals working in medical and disease control and prevention institutions, in order to prevent misdiagnosis and mistreatment.
{"title":"[First overseas imported case of schistosomiasis haematobia in Xihu District, Hangzhou City].","authors":"H Zhang, X Su, J Zhang, Y Zhang","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1374.2023236","DOIUrl":"10.16250/j.32.1374.2023236","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper reports the diagnosis and treatment of the first imported case of schistosomiasis haematobia in Xihu District of Hangzhou. The patient was an international student from Zimbabwe, and experienced repeated gross hematuria without obvious motivation. Cystoscopy displayed bladder masses, and a large number of fresh or calcified parasite eggs were found in pathological sections. In addition, urine microscopy identified <i>Schistosoma haematobium</i> eggs. The case was therefore definitively diagnosed as overseas imported case of imported schistosomiasis haematobia. Another case of schistosomiasis mansoni was identified among international students in the same school with the patient above by indirect haemagglutination test and urine and stool etiology examination. It is recommended to intensify health education and monitoring among overseas floating populations and improve the diagnostic skills of overseas imported schistosomiasis among professionals working in medical and disease control and prevention institutions, in order to prevent misdiagnosis and mistreatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"36 5","pages":"548-550"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-23DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2024087
L Zheng, H Xu, Q Wen, N Zhou, X Zheng
Objective: To examine the toxicity and sublethal effects of calcium cyanamide against susceptible isolates of Aedes albopictus, so as to provide insights into rational use of calcium cyanamide for integrated management of Ae. albopictus.
Methods: The sublethal concentrations [30% lethal concentration (LC30) and median lethal concentration (LC50)] of calcium cyana mide against susceptible strains of Ae. albopictus were determined using the larval immersion test. With 100 mL of dechlorinated water as the control group, after the larvae of susceptible strains of Ae. albopictus were immersed in calcium cyanamide for 24 hours, the pupation rate, pupation duration, emergence rate, number of eggs laid, percentage of eggs hatched, and lifespan of Ae. albopictus were calculated and compared post-treatment with calcium cyanamide at different sublethal concentrations. The midgut tissues of larvae of susceptible strains of Ae. albopictus treated with 100 mg/L calcium cyanamide were sampled for pathological sectioning to observe midgut tissue damages. To evaluate the residual activity, 100 larvae of susceptible strains of Ae. albopictus were treated with 200 mg/L and 500 mg/L calcium cyanamide, and the mortality of larvae was calculated every 24 hour, with dead larvae replaced until no larval death.
Results: The regression equation for the toxicity of calcium cyanamide against larvae of susceptible strains of Ae. albopictus was y = -9.441 + 4.657x, with an LC50 of 106.42 mg/L [95% confidence interval (CI): (94.64, 118.36) mg/L] and an LC30 of 82.17 mg/L [95% CI: (94.64, 118.36) mg/L], respectively. After larvae of susceptible strains of Ae. albopictus were treated with sublethal concentrations (LC30 and LC50) of calcium cyanamide for 24 hours, there were reduced pupation and emergence rates of larvae (all P values < 0.000 1), prolonged pupal stage (both P values < 0.000 1), reduced numbers of eggs laid by survival female Ae. albopictus (both P values < 0.000 1), reduced percentages of eggs hatched by Ae. albopictus eggs (both P values < 0.000 1), and reduced median survival period of survival female Ae. albopictus (χ2 = 9.36 and 20.33, both P values < 0.01) in the LC30 and LC50 groups relative to the control group. There was a numerical decline in the median survival period of survival female Ae. albopictus in the LC30 groups relative to the control group (χ2 = 2.42, P > 0.05), and there was a significant decline in the median survival period of survival female Ae. albopictus in the LC50 group relative to the control group (χ2 = 11.42, P < 0.01). Histopathological examinations showe
{"title":"[Toxicity and sublethal effects of calcium cyanamide against susceptible strains of <i>Aedes albopictus</i>].","authors":"L Zheng, H Xu, Q Wen, N Zhou, X Zheng","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1374.2024087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1374.2024087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the toxicity and sublethal effects of calcium cyanamide against susceptible isolates of <i>Aedes albopictus</i>, so as to provide insights into rational use of calcium cyanamide for integrated management of <i>Ae. albopictus</i>.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sublethal concentrations [30% lethal concentration (LC<sub>30</sub>) and median lethal concentration (LC<sub>50</sub>)] of calcium cyana mide against susceptible strains of <i>Ae. albopictus</i> were determined using the larval immersion test. With 100 mL of dechlorinated water as the control group, after the larvae of susceptible strains of <i>Ae. albopictus</i> were immersed in calcium cyanamide for 24 hours, the pupation rate, pupation duration, emergence rate, number of eggs laid, percentage of eggs hatched, and lifespan of <i>Ae. albopictus</i> were calculated and compared post-treatment with calcium cyanamide at different sublethal concentrations. The midgut tissues of larvae of susceptible strains of <i>Ae. albopictus</i> treated with 100 mg/L calcium cyanamide were sampled for pathological sectioning to observe midgut tissue damages. To evaluate the residual activity, 100 larvae of susceptible strains of <i>Ae. albopictus</i> were treated with 200 mg/L and 500 mg/L calcium cyanamide, and the mortality of larvae was calculated every 24 hour, with dead larvae replaced until no larval death.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The regression equation for the toxicity of calcium cyanamide against larvae of susceptible strains of <i>Ae. albopictus</i> was <i>y</i> = -9.441 + 4.657<i>x</i>, with an LC<sub>50</sub> of 106.42 mg/L [95% confidence interval (<i>CI</i>): (94.64, 118.36) mg/L] and an LC<sub>30</sub> of 82.17 mg/L [95% <i>CI</i>: (94.64, 118.36) mg/L], respectively. After larvae of susceptible strains of <i>Ae. albopictus</i> were treated with sublethal concentrations (LC<sub>30</sub> and LC<sub>50</sub>) of calcium cyanamide for 24 hours, there were reduced pupation and emergence rates of larvae (all <i>P</i> values < 0.000 1), prolonged pupal stage (both <i>P</i> values < 0.000 1), reduced numbers of eggs laid by survival female <i>Ae. albopictus</i> (both <i>P</i> values < 0.000 1), reduced percentages of eggs hatched by <i>Ae. albopictus</i> eggs (both <i>P</i> values < 0.000 1), and reduced median survival period of survival female <i>Ae. albopictus</i> (χ<sup>2</sup> = 9.36 and 20.33, both <i>P</i> values < 0.01) in the LC<sub>30</sub> and LC<sub>50</sub> groups relative to the control group. There was a numerical decline in the median survival period of survival female <i>Ae. albopictus</i> in the LC<sub>30</sub> groups relative to the control group (χ<sup>2</sup> = 2.42, <i>P</i> > 0.05), and there was a significant decline in the median survival period of survival female <i>Ae. albopictus</i> in the LC<sub>50</sub> group relative to the control group (χ<sup>2</sup> = 11.42, <i>P</i> < 0.01). Histopathological examinations showe","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 2","pages":"196-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2024026
Y Wu, X Zhang, J Li, J Xie, L Wang, H Sun
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligatory intracellular parasite which infects a variety of warm-blooded animals and causes toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis seriously endangers human health and animal husbandry production. As one of the effective gene editing tools, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) system has been widely used for knockout of genes in T. gondii. This review summarizes the applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology in vaccines against single- and double-gene deletion strains of T. gondii, so as to provide insights into development of toxoplasmosis vaccines.
{"title":"[Progress of researches on toxoplasmosis vaccines based on the CRISPR/Cas9 technology].","authors":"Y Wu, X Zhang, J Li, J Xie, L Wang, H Sun","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1374.2024026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1374.2024026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> is an obligatory intracellular parasite which infects a variety of warm-blooded animals and causes toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis seriously endangers human health and animal husbandry production. As one of the effective gene editing tools, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) system has been widely used for knockout of genes in <i>T. gondii</i>. This review summarizes the applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology in vaccines against single- and double-gene deletion strains of <i>T. gondii</i>, so as to provide insights into development of toxoplasmosis vaccines.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"36 5","pages":"542-547"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-20DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1374.2024138
Y Zhou, Y Tong, Y Zhou
Schistosomiasis is a major public health concern in the world, and precision control is crucial to combating this disease. Due to the complex and diverse transmission route of schistosomiasis, conventional statistical models have significant limitations for precision control of schistosomiasis. As an important branch of artificial intelligence, machine learning has shown remarkable advantages in schistosomiasis control and research. It has been shown that machine learning is highly effective for disease prediction and risk assessment, so as to optimize the disease control strategy and resource allocation and achieve the precision control target. This review summarizes the characteristics of machine learning models and their applications in the research of intermediate host snails and schistosomiasis.
{"title":"[Application of machine learning models in schistosomiasis control: a review].","authors":"Y Zhou, Y Tong, Y Zhou","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1374.2024138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1374.2024138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schistosomiasis is a major public health concern in the world, and precision control is crucial to combating this disease. Due to the complex and diverse transmission route of schistosomiasis, conventional statistical models have significant limitations for precision control of schistosomiasis. As an important branch of artificial intelligence, machine learning has shown remarkable advantages in schistosomiasis control and research. It has been shown that machine learning is highly effective for disease prediction and risk assessment, so as to optimize the disease control strategy and resource allocation and achieve the precision control target. This review summarizes the characteristics of machine learning models and their applications in the research of intermediate host snails and schistosomiasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"36 5","pages":"535-541"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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