Pub Date : 2025-02-27DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1915.2024105
C Li, F Chen, S Lü
Zoonosis prevention and control is a complex public health concern, which requires the collaboration of multiple regions, disciplines, and departments to enhance the effectiveness. The One Health concept aims to achieve the joint health security of humans, animals and environments through cross-disciplinary, cross-sector and cross-field collaborations. This review summarizes the development of One Health and the successful practices in the prevention and control of echinococcosis, rabies, COVID-19 and schistosomiasis, as well as explores the challenges faced in applying this concept to the prevention and control of zoonoses, so as to provide insights into formulation of the integrated zoonoses control strategy and implementation of zoonoses control interventions at the human-animal-environment interface.
{"title":"[Current status and challenges of zoonosis prevention and control: a One Health perspective].","authors":"C Li, F Chen, S Lü","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2024105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1915.2024105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zoonosis prevention and control is a complex public health concern, which requires the collaboration of multiple regions, disciplines, and departments to enhance the effectiveness. The One Health concept aims to achieve the joint health security of humans, animals and environments through cross-disciplinary, cross-sector and cross-field collaborations. This review summarizes the development of One Health and the successful practices in the prevention and control of echinococcosis, rabies, COVID-19 and schistosomiasis, as well as explores the challenges faced in applying this concept to the prevention and control of zoonoses, so as to provide insights into formulation of the integrated zoonoses control strategy and implementation of zoonoses control interventions at the human-animal-environment interface.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 1","pages":"98-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144062569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-27DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1915.2024281
C Wei, Z Lin, Z Yang, H Zhou, X Zhou, R Yang
<p><p>Yunnan Province borders with Myanmar, Vietnam, and Laos, the China-Myanmar border area is the key area for prevention of re-establishment from imported malaria after the disease was eliminated in China. Since the malaria elimination action plan was launched in Yunnan Province in 2011, 129 counties (cities, districts) were classified into three categories according to malaria incidence and transmission risk, and different technical strategies and measures were implemented with adaptations to local circumstances. A total of 68 malaria consultation service stations were established on the Chinese side of the China-Myanmar border and 80 malaria prevention and control stations were established on the Myanmar side by Yunnan Province in 2014. Then, the "Three Lines of Defense" strategy was implemented for malaria elimination in the China-Myanmar border area in Yunnan Province during the period from 2015 to 2018, and this strategy was further refined and adjusted to the "3 + 1" strategy for prevention of re-establishment from imported malaria in 2019. Through decades of multifaceted efforts, the malaria elimination goal was achieved in Yunnan Province in June 2021. However, the number of imported malaria cases appeared a tendency towards a rise in Yunnan Province in 2023 and 2024, due to changes in the situation in Myanmar and the gradual resumption of international travel and border crossings following the adjustment of the COVID-19 prevention and control policy in China. The joint malaria prevention and control cooperation between China and Myanmar was initiated with the pilot project for joint malaria prevention and control in the China-Myanmar border area in 2005, and this project was progressed into the joint malaria and dengue fever prevention and control project in parts of the Greater Mekong Subregion border areas in 2010. The threat of overseas malaria epidemics to border areas in Yunnan Province was effectively reduced through implementation of coordination meetings with Myanmar health departments, establishment of efficient information exchange mechanisms, establishment of overseas surveillance sentinel sites, technical training, provision of material supports, joint propagation activities and joint responses to malaria epidemics. This project was incorporated into the <i>Five-Year Plan of Action on Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (2018-2022)</i> in China in 2018, with 5 liaison offices and 20 liaison workstations established in Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Thailand, and 21 cross-border malaria surveillance sites assigned in border areas of Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam, and a long-term malaria prevention and control cooperation mechanisms was established through meetings, training, propagation, and joint investigations. Currently, Yunnan Province is poised to engage in more extensive and in-depth cooperation with neighboring countries, including malaria diagnosis and treatment techniques, drug and vaccine research and development, talen
{"title":"[Malaria elimination strategy and joint prevention and control of malaria across China-Myanmar border areas: an overview].","authors":"C Wei, Z Lin, Z Yang, H Zhou, X Zhou, R Yang","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2024281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1915.2024281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Yunnan Province borders with Myanmar, Vietnam, and Laos, the China-Myanmar border area is the key area for prevention of re-establishment from imported malaria after the disease was eliminated in China. Since the malaria elimination action plan was launched in Yunnan Province in 2011, 129 counties (cities, districts) were classified into three categories according to malaria incidence and transmission risk, and different technical strategies and measures were implemented with adaptations to local circumstances. A total of 68 malaria consultation service stations were established on the Chinese side of the China-Myanmar border and 80 malaria prevention and control stations were established on the Myanmar side by Yunnan Province in 2014. Then, the \"Three Lines of Defense\" strategy was implemented for malaria elimination in the China-Myanmar border area in Yunnan Province during the period from 2015 to 2018, and this strategy was further refined and adjusted to the \"3 + 1\" strategy for prevention of re-establishment from imported malaria in 2019. Through decades of multifaceted efforts, the malaria elimination goal was achieved in Yunnan Province in June 2021. However, the number of imported malaria cases appeared a tendency towards a rise in Yunnan Province in 2023 and 2024, due to changes in the situation in Myanmar and the gradual resumption of international travel and border crossings following the adjustment of the COVID-19 prevention and control policy in China. The joint malaria prevention and control cooperation between China and Myanmar was initiated with the pilot project for joint malaria prevention and control in the China-Myanmar border area in 2005, and this project was progressed into the joint malaria and dengue fever prevention and control project in parts of the Greater Mekong Subregion border areas in 2010. The threat of overseas malaria epidemics to border areas in Yunnan Province was effectively reduced through implementation of coordination meetings with Myanmar health departments, establishment of efficient information exchange mechanisms, establishment of overseas surveillance sentinel sites, technical training, provision of material supports, joint propagation activities and joint responses to malaria epidemics. This project was incorporated into the <i>Five-Year Plan of Action on Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (2018-2022)</i> in China in 2018, with 5 liaison offices and 20 liaison workstations established in Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Thailand, and 21 cross-border malaria surveillance sites assigned in border areas of Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam, and a long-term malaria prevention and control cooperation mechanisms was established through meetings, training, propagation, and joint investigations. Currently, Yunnan Province is poised to engage in more extensive and in-depth cooperation with neighboring countries, including malaria diagnosis and treatment techniques, drug and vaccine research and development, talen","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 1","pages":"19-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1915.2024186
F Tang, X Sun, X Xu, F Mao, Y Liu
This article presents the diagnosis and treatment processes, and morphological and genetic testing of Gongylonema pulchrum in a case with G. pulchrum found in the oral mucosa. In addition, this article reviews publications pertaining to G. pulchrum human infections by Chinese scientists during the recent 10 years and summarizes the demographic and clinical characteristics, location and number of parasites, diagnosis and treatment processes, and epidemiological surveys of cases infected with G. pulchrum, so as to provide insights into improving the diagnostic capability among clinicians.
{"title":"[Human infection with <i>Gongylonema pulchrum</i>: a case report and review of relevant literature during the recent 10 years].","authors":"F Tang, X Sun, X Xu, F Mao, Y Liu","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2024186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1915.2024186","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article presents the diagnosis and treatment processes, and morphological and genetic testing of <i>Gongylonema pulchrum</i> in a case with <i>G. pulchrum</i> found in the oral mucosa. In addition, this article reviews publications pertaining to <i>G. pulchrum</i> human infections by Chinese scientists during the recent 10 years and summarizes the demographic and clinical characteristics, location and number of parasites, diagnosis and treatment processes, and epidemiological surveys of cases infected with <i>G. pulchrum</i>, so as to provide insights into improving the diagnostic capability among clinicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 3","pages":"332-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1915.2024203
X Zhou, Y Li, Y He, L Wang
Cultivating and inspiring students' interests in performing experiments and improving students' diagnostic skills and scientific research capability for infectious diseases like malaria are critical to comprehensive experimental teaching of morphology. Consequently, Soochow University initiated a problem-based hands-on inquiry-based comprehensive experiment program of blood-borne protozoa infections and diagnosis, which took students in the "5 + 3" integrated program of clinical medicine as the teaching targets, and it consisted of three parts: pre-class, in-class, and post-class. Before the experimental curriculum, students learned the theoretical knowledge and the process of modeling Plasmodium berghei and Babesia microti infections in mice through online course and virtual simulation experiments, and during the experimental curriculum, students performed exploratory experiments on differential diagnosis of P. berghei and B. microti infections with pathogenic and serological tests. After the experimental curriculum, students performed molecular biological testing and extracurricular scientific research project training through open experiments. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 99 students in the "5 + 3" integrated training program of clinical medicine in batch 2021, and a total of 93 valid questionnaires were retrieved, with a questionnaire recovery rate of 93.94%. Questionnaire survey showed that 70.97% (66/93), 70.97% (66/93), 77.42% (72/93), 70.97% (66/93), and 83.87% (78/ 93) of the students strongly agreed with the five statements in the questionnaire respectively, namely "high interest in learning during the experiment", "reasonable experimental content settings and good classroom atmosphere";, "teachers were good at guiding students' practice and thinking", "students were the main body of the classroom during the experiment" and "Comprehensive experiments had better teaching effects than traditional verification experiments", indicating that the problem-based hands-on inquiry-based comprehensive experiment teaching has enhanced students' learning interest, spirit of inquiry, innovative thinking, and teamwork ability.
{"title":"[Teaching practice of the problem-based hands-on inquiry-based comprehensive experiment of blood-borne protozoa infections and diagnosis].","authors":"X Zhou, Y Li, Y He, L Wang","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2024203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1915.2024203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cultivating and inspiring students' interests in performing experiments and improving students' diagnostic skills and scientific research capability for infectious diseases like malaria are critical to comprehensive experimental teaching of morphology. Consequently, Soochow University initiated a problem-based hands-on inquiry-based comprehensive experiment program of blood-borne protozoa infections and diagnosis, which took students in the \"5 + 3\" integrated program of clinical medicine as the teaching targets, and it consisted of three parts: pre-class, in-class, and post-class. Before the experimental curriculum, students learned the theoretical knowledge and the process of modeling <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> and <i>Babesia microti</i> infections in mice through online course and virtual simulation experiments, and during the experimental curriculum, students performed exploratory experiments on differential diagnosis of <i>P. berghei</i> and <i>B. microti</i> infections with pathogenic and serological tests. After the experimental curriculum, students performed molecular biological testing and extracurricular scientific research project training through open experiments. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 99 students in the \"5 + 3\" integrated training program of clinical medicine in batch 2021, and a total of 93 valid questionnaires were retrieved, with a questionnaire recovery rate of 93.94%. Questionnaire survey showed that 70.97% (66/93), 70.97% (66/93), 77.42% (72/93), 70.97% (66/93), and 83.87% (78/ 93) of the students strongly agreed with the five statements in the questionnaire respectively, namely \"high interest in learning during the experiment\", \"reasonable experimental content settings and good classroom atmosphere\";, \"teachers were good at guiding students' practice and thinking\", \"students were the main body of the classroom during the experiment\" and \"Comprehensive experiments had better teaching effects than traditional verification experiments\", indicating that the problem-based hands-on inquiry-based comprehensive experiment teaching has enhanced students' learning interest, spirit of inquiry, innovative thinking, and teamwork ability.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 5","pages":"537-541"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145661968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1915.2024181
D Zhang, L Chen, Z Xu, M Ji, L Chen
To promote convergence education among national and international students, Nanjing Medical University designed an optional curriculum Two Sides of the Same Coin in Parasitic Diseases among international students for the Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) program, and a research-based teaching method was employed to teach 31 international students. This curriculum contained three parts, including parasitology-related knowledge, basic knowledge and skills of scientific research, and frontier topics in scientific research advances, and the assessment contents included course sign-in, classroom activity participation and scientific research presentation. Curriculum evaluation showed 100.0% (8/8) of students in batch 2018-2021, 81.8% (9/11) in batch 2022, and 83.3% (10/12) in batch 2023 with a total score of 80 points and higher, with median scores (interquartile range) of 91.1 (7.0), 90.8 (5.7) points and 90.8 (5.7) points, respectively (H = 0.04, P > 0.05). In addition, a questionnaire survey was performed with a Likert scale to assess the interests in curriculum learning, and the curriculum practicality and importance among 31 international students, and a total of 27 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a recovery rate of 87.1%. Questionnaire survey showed that the median total scores (interquartile range) were 7.0 (0.8) points among batch 2018-2021 students, 6.4 (1.4) points among batch 2022 students and 6.0 (1.1) points among batch 2023 students (H = 2.64, P > 0.05). Collectively, these data demonstrate that this optional curriculum improves the interests in parasitology learning of the international students for MBBS program, as well as their capability of self-directed learning, teamwork and innovative.
为促进本国学生与国际学生的融合教育，南京医科大学为医学与外科学士（MBBS）专业设计了《留学生寄生虫病的两面》选修课程，采用研究型教学方法对31名留学生进行了教学。本课程包括寄生虫学相关知识、科研基础知识和技能、科研前沿课题三部分，考核内容包括课程签到、课堂活动参与和科研报告。课程评价结果显示，2018-2021学年度、2022学年度和2023学年度分别有100.0%（8/8）、81.8%（9/11）和83.3%（10/12）学生总分在80分及以上，中位数（四分位数间距）分别为91.1分（7.0）、90.8分（5.7）和90.8分（5.7）分（H = 0.04, P = 0.05）。此外，采用李克特量表对31名留学生的课程学习兴趣、课程实用性和重要性进行问卷调查，共回收有效问卷27份，回收率为87.1%。问卷调查结果显示，2018-2021级学生的总得分中位数（四分位差）为7.0（0.8）分，2022级学生为6.4（1.4）分，2023级学生为6.0（1.1）分（H = 2.64, P < 0.05）。综上所述，该课程提高了MBBS国际学生对寄生虫学学习的兴趣，提高了他们的自主学习能力、团队合作能力和创新能力。
{"title":"[Practice and effectiveness of the optional parasitology curriculum <i>Two Sides of the Same Coin in Parasitic Diseases</i> among international students for the Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery program].","authors":"D Zhang, L Chen, Z Xu, M Ji, L Chen","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2024181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1915.2024181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To promote convergence education among national and international students, Nanjing Medical University designed an optional curriculum <i>Two Sides of the Same Coin in Parasitic Diseases</i> among international students for the Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) program, and a research-based teaching method was employed to teach 31 international students. This curriculum contained three parts, including parasitology-related knowledge, basic knowledge and skills of scientific research, and frontier topics in scientific research advances, and the assessment contents included course sign-in, classroom activity participation and scientific research presentation. Curriculum evaluation showed 100.0% (8/8) of students in batch 2018-2021, 81.8% (9/11) in batch 2022, and 83.3% (10/12) in batch 2023 with a total score of 80 points and higher, with median scores (interquartile range) of 91.1 (7.0), 90.8 (5.7) points and 90.8 (5.7) points, respectively (<i>H</i> = 0.04, <i>P</i> > 0.05). In addition, a questionnaire survey was performed with a Likert scale to assess the interests in curriculum learning, and the curriculum practicality and importance among 31 international students, and a total of 27 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a recovery rate of 87.1%. Questionnaire survey showed that the median total scores (interquartile range) were 7.0 (0.8) points among batch 2018-2021 students, 6.4 (1.4) points among batch 2022 students and 6.0 (1.1) points among batch 2023 students (<i>H</i> = 2.64, <i>P</i> > 0.05). Collectively, these data demonstrate that this optional curriculum improves the interests in parasitology learning of the international students for MBBS program, as well as their capability of self-directed learning, teamwork and innovative.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 3","pages":"310-315"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1915.2024170
K Lin, C Zhang, Z Xu, X Li, R Huang, Y Liu, H Yu, L Gu
Objective: To analyze the trends in the disease burden of schistosomiasis in China from 1992 to 2021, and to project the disease burden of schistosomiasis in China from 2022 to 2030, so as to provide insights into the elimination of schistosomiasis in China.
Methods: The prevalence, age-standardized prevalence, disability-adjusted life year (DALYs) rate and age-standardized DALYs rate of schistosomiasis, as well as the years lost due to disability (YLDs) rate and age-standardized YLDs rate of anemia attributable to Schistosoma infections in China, the world and different socio-demographic index (SDI) regions were captured from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) data resources, and the trends in the disease burden due to schistosomiasis were evaluated with estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and its 95% confidence interval (CI). In addition, the age, period and cohort effects on the prevalence of schistosomiasis were examined in China using an age-period-cohort (APC) model, and the disease burden of schistosomiasis was predicted in China from 2022 to 2030 using a Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model.
Results: The age-standardized prevalence and DALYs rate of schistosomiasis, and the age-standardized YLDs rate of anemia attributable to Schistosoma infections were 761.32/105, 5.55/105 and 0.38/105 in China in 2021. These rates were all lower than the global levels (1 914.30/105, 21.90/105 and 3.36/105, respectively), as well as those in the medium SDI regions (1 413.61/105, 12.10/105 and 1.93/105, respectively), low-medium SDI regions (2 461.03/105, 26.81/105 and 4.48/105, respectively), and low SDI regions (5 832.77/105, 94.48/105 and 10.65/105, respectively), but higher than those in the high SDI regions (59.47/105, 0.49/105 and 0.05/105, respectively) and high-medium SDI regions (123.11/105, 1.20/105 and 0.12/105, respectively). The prevalence and DALYs rate of schistosomiasis were higher among men (820.79/105 and 5.86/105, respectively) than among women (697.96/105 and 5.23/105, respectively) in China in 2021, while the YLDs rate of anemia attributable to Schistosoma infections was higher among women (0.66/105) than among men (0.12/105). The prevalence of schistosomiasis peaked at ages of 30 to 34 years among both men and women, while the DALYs rate of schistosomiasis peaked among men at ages of 15 to 19 years and among women at ages of 20 to 24 years. The age-standardized prevalence of schistosomiasis showed a moderate decline in China from 1992 to 2021 relative to different SDI regions [EAPC = -1.51%, 95% CI: (-1.65%, -1.38%)],
{"title":"[Analysis and forecast of the disease burden of schistosomiasis in China from 1992 to 2030].","authors":"K Lin, C Zhang, Z Xu, X Li, R Huang, Y Liu, H Yu, L Gu","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2024170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1915.2024170","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the trends in the disease burden of schistosomiasis in China from 1992 to 2021, and to project the disease burden of schistosomiasis in China from 2022 to 2030, so as to provide insights into the elimination of schistosomiasis in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The prevalence, age-standardized prevalence, disability-adjusted life year (DALYs) rate and age-standardized DALYs rate of schistosomiasis, as well as the years lost due to disability (YLDs) rate and age-standardized YLDs rate of anemia attributable to <i>Schistosoma</i> infections in China, the world and different socio-demographic index (SDI) regions were captured from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) data resources, and the trends in the disease burden due to schistosomiasis were evaluated with estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and its 95% confidence interval (<i>CI</i>). In addition, the age, period and cohort effects on the prevalence of schistosomiasis were examined in China using an age-period-cohort (APC) model, and the disease burden of schistosomiasis was predicted in China from 2022 to 2030 using a Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The age-standardized prevalence and DALYs rate of schistosomiasis, and the age-standardized YLDs rate of anemia attributable to <i>Schistosoma</i> infections were 761.32/10<sup>5</sup>, 5.55/10<sup>5</sup> and 0.38/10<sup>5</sup> in China in 2021. These rates were all lower than the global levels (1 914.30/10<sup>5</sup>, 21.90/10<sup>5</sup> and 3.36/10<sup>5</sup>, respectively), as well as those in the medium SDI regions (1 413.61/10<sup>5</sup>, 12.10/10<sup>5</sup> and 1.93/10<sup>5</sup>, respectively), low-medium SDI regions (2 461.03/10<sup>5</sup>, 26.81/10<sup>5</sup> and 4.48/10<sup>5</sup>, respectively), and low SDI regions (5 832.77/10<sup>5</sup>, 94.48/10<sup>5</sup> and 10.65/10<sup>5</sup>, respectively), but higher than those in the high SDI regions (59.47/10<sup>5</sup>, 0.49/10<sup>5</sup> and 0.05/10<sup>5</sup>, respectively) and high-medium SDI regions (123.11/10<sup>5</sup>, 1.20/10<sup>5</sup> and 0.12/10<sup>5</sup>, respectively). The prevalence and DALYs rate of schistosomiasis were higher among men (820.79/10<sup>5</sup> and 5.86/10<sup>5</sup>, respectively) than among women (697.96/10<sup>5</sup> and 5.23/10<sup>5</sup>, respectively) in China in 2021, while the YLDs rate of anemia attributable to <i>Schistosoma</i> infections was higher among women (0.66/10<sup>5</sup>) than among men (0.12/10<sup>5</sup>). The prevalence of schistosomiasis peaked at ages of 30 to 34 years among both men and women, while the DALYs rate of schistosomiasis peaked among men at ages of 15 to 19 years and among women at ages of 20 to 24 years. The age-standardized prevalence of schistosomiasis showed a moderate decline in China from 1992 to 2021 relative to different SDI regions [EAPC = -1.51%, 95% <i>CI</i>: (-1.65%, -1.38%)], ","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 1","pages":"24-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144014281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-12DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1915.2025009
J He, X Wang, Y Huang, J Saleh, A Mayassa, X Zhou, K Yang
As a neglected tropical disease, schistosomiasis remains a major public health challenge in underdeveloped areas, notably Africa. Currently, the national schistosomiasis control programmes in Africa mainly depend on foreign aids; however, conventional international aid models have multiple limitations. To enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of global schistosomiasis control programmes, this article proposes a trinity collaboration model based on international rules, China's experiences and local needs, which is explained with China aid project of schistosomiasis control in Zanzibar as an example. Based on the successful experiences from the national schistosomiasis control programme in China, this model emphasizes the compliance with World Health Organization guidelines and fully considers local actual needs to promote the effectiveness and sustainability of the schistosomiasis control programme through integrating international resources and promoting China's experience to meet local needs. The successful practice of the China aid project of schistosomiasis control in Zanzibar provides strong evidence that the model is of great theoretical significance and practical value to improve the efficiency of multilateral collaboration and promote global health governance.
{"title":"[China's participation in schistosomiasis control in Africa: value and practice of the trinity model].","authors":"J He, X Wang, Y Huang, J Saleh, A Mayassa, X Zhou, K Yang","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2025009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1915.2025009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a neglected tropical disease, schistosomiasis remains a major public health challenge in underdeveloped areas, notably Africa. Currently, the national schistosomiasis control programmes in Africa mainly depend on foreign aids; however, conventional international aid models have multiple limitations. To enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of global schistosomiasis control programmes, this article proposes a trinity collaboration model based on international rules, China's experiences and local needs, which is explained with China aid project of schistosomiasis control in Zanzibar as an example. Based on the successful experiences from the national schistosomiasis control programme in China, this model emphasizes the compliance with World Health Organization guidelines and fully considers local actual needs to promote the effectiveness and sustainability of the schistosomiasis control programme through integrating international resources and promoting China's experience to meet local needs. The successful practice of the China aid project of schistosomiasis control in Zanzibar provides strong evidence that the model is of great theoretical significance and practical value to improve the efficiency of multilateral collaboration and promote global health governance.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144016300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1915.2024284
Y Qian, W Ding, H Li, D Wang, S Lü, S Li, X Zhou
Recently, there has been an increasing risk of importation of tropical diseases into China and the resultant re-transmission in the country with the in-depth implementation of the "Belt and Road" Initiative, which poses a serious threat to the national public health security. To effectively respond to the cross-border transmission risk of tropical diseases and facilitate the process towards tropical disease control and elimination in China and the countries along the "Belt and Road" Initiative, this article analyzes the current status and governance risks of major imported tropical diseases, cross-border joint prevention and control polices implemented for tropical diseases and challenges in the establishment of the joint prevention and control system for tropical diseases in China, and discusses the establishment and implementation path of the joint prevention and control system for tropical diseases in countries along the "Belt and Road" Initiative. This path covers the establishment of cross-border cooperation mechanisms, research and development and pilot production of Chinese public health products, and implementation of key cross-border tropical disease prevention and control projects. The establishment of this system will further improve Chinese prevention and control capabilities for key cross-border tropical diseases, build a demonstrative prevention and control model for tropical diseases, and promote international technical exchanges and cooperation of tropical diseases.
{"title":"[Cross - border joint prevention and control of tropical diseases in countries along the \"Belt and Road\" Initiative: a framework and roadmap].","authors":"Y Qian, W Ding, H Li, D Wang, S Lü, S Li, X Zhou","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2024284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1915.2024284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently, there has been an increasing risk of importation of tropical diseases into China and the resultant re-transmission in the country with the in-depth implementation of the \"Belt and Road\" Initiative, which poses a serious threat to the national public health security. To effectively respond to the cross-border transmission risk of tropical diseases and facilitate the process towards tropical disease control and elimination in China and the countries along the \"Belt and Road\" Initiative, this article analyzes the current status and governance risks of major imported tropical diseases, cross-border joint prevention and control polices implemented for tropical diseases and challenges in the establishment of the joint prevention and control system for tropical diseases in China, and discusses the establishment and implementation path of the joint prevention and control system for tropical diseases in countries along the \"Belt and Road\" Initiative. This path covers the establishment of cross-border cooperation mechanisms, research and development and pilot production of Chinese public health products, and implementation of key cross-border tropical disease prevention and control projects. The establishment of this system will further improve Chinese prevention and control capabilities for key cross-border tropical diseases, build a demonstrative prevention and control model for tropical diseases, and promote international technical exchanges and cooperation of tropical diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 1","pages":"8-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144053825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1915.2024227
J Zhou, S Bai, L Shi, J Zhang, C Du, J Song, Z Zhang, J Yan, A Wu, Y Dong, K Yang
<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the performance of the artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled snail identification system for recognition of <i>Oncomelania hupensis robertsoni</i> and <i>Tricula</i> in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of Yunnan Province.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty <i>O. hupensis robertsoni</i> and 50 <i>Tricula</i> samples were collected from Yongbei Township, Yongsheng County, Lijiang City, a schistosomiasis-endemic area in Yunnan Province in May 2024. A total of 100 snail sample images were captured with smartphones, including front-view images of 25 <i>O. hupensis robertsoni</i> and 25 <i>Tricula</i> samples (upward shell opening) and back-view images of 25 <i>O. hupensis robertsoni</i> and 25 <i>Tricula</i> samples (downward shell opening). Snail samples were identified as <i>O. hupensis robertsoni</i> or <i>Tricula</i> by schistosomiasis control experts with a deputy senior professional title and above according to image quality and morphological characteristics. A standard dataset for snail image classification was created, and served as a gold standard for recognition of snail samples. A total of 100 snail sample images were recognized with the AI-enabled intelligent snail identification system based on a WeChat mini program in smartphones. Schistosomiasis control professionals were randomly sampled from stations of schistosomisis prevention and control and centers for disease control and prevention in 18 schistosomiasis-endemic counties (districts, cities) of Yunnan Province, for artificial identification of 100 snail sample images. All professionals are assigned to two groups according the median years of snail survey experiences, and the effect of years of snail survey experiences on <i>O. hupensis robertsoni</i> sample image recognition was evaluated. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted, and the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, Youden's index and the area under the curve (AUC) of the AI-enabled intelligent snail identification system and artificial identification were calculated for recognition of snail sample images. The snail sample image recognition results of AI-enabled intelligent snail identification system and artificial identification were compared with the gold standard, and the internal consistency of artificial identification results was evaluated with the Cronbach's coefficient alpha.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 54 schistosomiasis control professionals were sampled for artificial identification of snail sample image recognition, with a response rate of 100% (54/54), and the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, Youden's index, and AUC of artificial identification were 90%, 86%, 94%, 0.80 and 0.90 for recognition of snail sample images, respectively. The overall Cronbach's coefficient alpha of artificial identification was 0.768 for recognition of snail sample images, and the Cronbach's coefficient alpha was 0.916 for recognition of <i>O. hupensis robe
目的：评价基于人工智能（AI）的钉螺识别系统在云南省血吸虫病区对罗氏钉螺和三角螺的识别效果。方法：于2024年5月在云南省血吸虫病流行区丽江市永胜县永北乡采集罗氏血吸虫50只、三曲虫50只。利用智能手机共采集100张蜗牛样本图像，包括25张湖北钉螺和25张三曲螺的正面图像（向上开壳）和25张湖北钉螺和25张三曲螺的背面图像（向下开壳）。由副高级以上职称的血吸虫病防治专家根据图像质量和形态特征鉴定钉螺为罗伯逊O. hupenson或Tricula。建立了蜗牛图像分类的标准数据集，并作为蜗牛样本识别的金标准。以智能手机微信小程序为基础的人工智能蜗牛智能识别系统共识别了100张蜗牛样本图像。随机抽取云南省18个血吸虫病流行县（区、市）的血吸虫病防治站和疾病预防控制中心的血吸虫病防治专业人员，对100张血吸虫标本图像进行人工鉴定。根据调查螺龄的中位数，将所有专业人员分为两组，评估调查螺龄对湖北钉螺样本图像识别的影响。绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线，计算人工智能蜗牛识别系统和人工识别系统对蜗牛样本图像识别的灵敏度、特异度、准确度、约登指数和曲线下面积（AUC）。将人工智能蜗牛识别系统和人工识别的蜗牛样本图像识别结果与金标准进行比较，并利用Cronbach’s系数alpha评价人工识别结果的内部一致性。结果：共抽取54名血吸虫病防治专业人员进行钉螺样本图像识别的人工识别，应答率为100%(54/54)，钉螺样本图像识别的人工识别准确率为90%，灵敏度为86%，特异性为94%，约登指数为0.80，AUC为0.90。人工识别钉螺样本图像的总体Cronbach’s系数α为0.768，钉螺样本图像识别的Cronbach’s系数α为0.916，三角螺样本图像识别的Cronbach’s系数α为0.925。钉螺样本图像的人工识别总体准确率为90%，钉螺样本图像的人工识别准确率为86%，钉螺样本图像的人工识别准确率为94%，差异无统计学意义（χ2 = 1.778, P < 0.05）。螺壳开口向上（88%）和向下（92%）的人工识别准确率差异无统计学意义（χ2 = 0.444, P < 0.05），调查螺龄6年及以下（75%）和6年以上（90%）的人工识别准确率差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 7.792, P < 0.05）。人工智能钉螺识别系统对罗伯森钉螺样本图像的识别准确率、灵敏度、特异性和AUC分别为88%、100%、76%和0.88，人工识别与人工识别对罗伯森钉螺样本图像的识别准确率差异无统计学意义（χ2 = 0.204, P < 0.05）。此外，螺壳开口向上（90%）和向下（86%）的人工识别准确率差异无统计学意义（χ2 = 0.379, P < 0.05）， 6年及以下、6年以上血吸虫病防治人员对螺壳开口向上（90%）和向下（86%）的人工识别准确率差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 5.604, P < 0.025）。结论：人工智能钉螺识别系统对钉螺样本图像的识别精度与血吸虫病防治专业人员的人工识别具有可比性，人工智能钉螺识别系统对云南省罗伯逊螺旋体和三螺旋体钉螺的识别是可行的。
{"title":"[Evaluation of the performance of the artificial intelligence - enabled snail identification system for recognition of <i>Oncomelania hupensis robertsoni</i> and <i>Tricula</i>].","authors":"J Zhou, S Bai, L Shi, J Zhang, C Du, J Song, Z Zhang, J Yan, A Wu, Y Dong, K Yang","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2024227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1915.2024227","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the performance of the artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled snail identification system for recognition of <i>Oncomelania hupensis robertsoni</i> and <i>Tricula</i> in schistosomiasis-endemic areas of Yunnan Province.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty <i>O. hupensis robertsoni</i> and 50 <i>Tricula</i> samples were collected from Yongbei Township, Yongsheng County, Lijiang City, a schistosomiasis-endemic area in Yunnan Province in May 2024. A total of 100 snail sample images were captured with smartphones, including front-view images of 25 <i>O. hupensis robertsoni</i> and 25 <i>Tricula</i> samples (upward shell opening) and back-view images of 25 <i>O. hupensis robertsoni</i> and 25 <i>Tricula</i> samples (downward shell opening). Snail samples were identified as <i>O. hupensis robertsoni</i> or <i>Tricula</i> by schistosomiasis control experts with a deputy senior professional title and above according to image quality and morphological characteristics. A standard dataset for snail image classification was created, and served as a gold standard for recognition of snail samples. A total of 100 snail sample images were recognized with the AI-enabled intelligent snail identification system based on a WeChat mini program in smartphones. Schistosomiasis control professionals were randomly sampled from stations of schistosomisis prevention and control and centers for disease control and prevention in 18 schistosomiasis-endemic counties (districts, cities) of Yunnan Province, for artificial identification of 100 snail sample images. All professionals are assigned to two groups according the median years of snail survey experiences, and the effect of years of snail survey experiences on <i>O. hupensis robertsoni</i> sample image recognition was evaluated. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted, and the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, Youden's index and the area under the curve (AUC) of the AI-enabled intelligent snail identification system and artificial identification were calculated for recognition of snail sample images. The snail sample image recognition results of AI-enabled intelligent snail identification system and artificial identification were compared with the gold standard, and the internal consistency of artificial identification results was evaluated with the Cronbach's coefficient alpha.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 54 schistosomiasis control professionals were sampled for artificial identification of snail sample image recognition, with a response rate of 100% (54/54), and the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, Youden's index, and AUC of artificial identification were 90%, 86%, 94%, 0.80 and 0.90 for recognition of snail sample images, respectively. The overall Cronbach's coefficient alpha of artificial identification was 0.768 for recognition of snail sample images, and the Cronbach's coefficient alpha was 0.916 for recognition of <i>O. hupensis robe","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 1","pages":"55-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1915.2024273
Y Zhou, L Zhang, Z Xia
Currently, the global malaria epidemic is still severe. China was certified malaria-free by WHO in 2021; however, there is a risk of cross-border importation and secondary transmission of malaria via aircrafts and through land bordering countries in China because of the complex environments in border areas between China and neighboring malaria-endemic countries, notably the explosive growth in the malaria epidemic in Myanmar in China-Myanmar border areas. This article summarizes typical cases of secondary transmission caused by imported malaria across the world, and proposes responses to cross-border importation and secondary transmission of malaria in non-border and border areas of China, in order to effectively reduce the risk of malaria importation and secondary transmission and consolidate the hard earned malaria elimination achievements.
{"title":"[Risk of and response to cross-border importation and secondary transmission of malaria].","authors":"Y Zhou, L Zhang, Z Xia","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2024273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1915.2024273","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, the global malaria epidemic is still severe. China was certified malaria-free by WHO in 2021; however, there is a risk of cross-border importation and secondary transmission of malaria via aircrafts and through land bordering countries in China because of the complex environments in border areas between China and neighboring malaria-endemic countries, notably the explosive growth in the malaria epidemic in Myanmar in China-Myanmar border areas. This article summarizes typical cases of secondary transmission caused by imported malaria across the world, and proposes responses to cross-border importation and secondary transmission of malaria in non-border and border areas of China, in order to effectively reduce the risk of malaria importation and secondary transmission and consolidate the hard earned malaria elimination achievements.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 1","pages":"14-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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