Pub Date : 2025-07-16DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1915.2025035
X Wang, J Yin, H Liu, S Han, Y Hu, Y Shen, J Cao
As an emerging interdisciplinary field bridging ecology and immunology, eco-immunology focuses on the co-evolutionary dynamics between hosts and parasites within natural environments, and aims to unravel the ecological mechanisms underlying the formation of host immune strategies, so as to provide new insights into parasitology and parasitic diseases research. Based on case studies of diverse host-parasite systems, including insects-protozoans, fish-cestodes, amphibians-nematodes, reptiles-arthropods, birds-ectoparasites, and mammals-helminths, this review summarizes critical eco-immunological principles, including host tolerance trade-offs under resource constraints, transgenerational epigenetic adaptation, nutrition-immunity interactions, and immune conflicts triggered by multiparasite co-infections. In addition, the article discusses the feasibility and practical pathways of ecological management and interventions to achieve biodiversity conservation and disease control based on the eco-immunological theory, so as to provide innovative insights into responses to address ecological conservation and public health challenges in the context of global changes.
{"title":"[Application of eco - immunology in parasitology and parasitic diseases research: a review].","authors":"X Wang, J Yin, H Liu, S Han, Y Hu, Y Shen, J Cao","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2025035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1915.2025035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As an emerging interdisciplinary field bridging ecology and immunology, eco-immunology focuses on the co-evolutionary dynamics between hosts and parasites within natural environments, and aims to unravel the ecological mechanisms underlying the formation of host immune strategies, so as to provide new insights into parasitology and parasitic diseases research. Based on case studies of diverse host-parasite systems, including insects-protozoans, fish-cestodes, amphibians-nematodes, reptiles-arthropods, birds-ectoparasites, and mammals-helminths, this review summarizes critical eco-immunological principles, including host tolerance trade-offs under resource constraints, transgenerational epigenetic adaptation, nutrition-immunity interactions, and immune conflicts triggered by multiparasite co-infections. In addition, the article discusses the feasibility and practical pathways of ecological management and interventions to achieve biodiversity conservation and disease control based on the eco-immunological theory, so as to provide innovative insights into responses to address ecological conservation and public health challenges in the context of global changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 4","pages":"428-433"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145410396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-07-08DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1915.2024195
Z Lai, G Liu, H Zhao, M Qiu, J Chen, E Luo, J Xin, X Yang
<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the trends in the global burden due to cystic echinococcosis from 1990 to 2021, and to predict the global burden of cystic echinococcosis from 2022 to 2035, so as to provide insights into formulation of the cystic echinococcosis control strategy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The global age-standardized prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates and their 95% uncertainty intervals (<i>UI</i>) of cystic echinococcosis from 1990 to 2021 were captured from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) database, and the trends in the global burden of cystic echinococcosis from 1990 to 2021 were analyzed using the Joinpoint regression model. The associations between the global burden of cystic echinococcosis and socio-demographic index (SDI) were examined using a smoothing spline model and frontier analysis, and the global burden of cystic echinococcosis was projected from 2022 to 2035 using the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The global agestandardized prevalence, mortality and DALYs rates of cystic echinococcosis were 7.69/10<sup>5</sup> [95% <i>UI</i>: (6.27/10<sup>5</sup>, 9.51/10<sup>5</sup>)], 0.02/10<sup>5</sup> [95% <i>UI</i>: (0.01/10<sup>5</sup>, 0.02/10<sup>5</sup>)], and 1.32/10<sup>5</sup> [95% <i>UI</i>: (0.99/10<sup>5</sup>, 1.69/10<sup>5</sup>)] in 2021. The global age-standardized prevalence of cystic echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a rise by 0.14% per year from 1990 to 2021, and the global age-standardized mortality and DALYs rates of cystic echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a decline by 4.68% and 4.01% per year from 1990 to 2021, respectively. Joinpoint regression analysis showed that global age-standardized prevalence of cystic echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a decline from 1990 to 2000 [annual percent change (APC) = -0.66%, 95% confidence interval (<i>CI</i>): (-0.70%, -0.61%)] and from 2005 to 2015 [APC = -0.88%, 95% <i>CI</i>: (-0.93%, -0.82%)], and towards a rise from 2000 to 2005 [APC = 3.68%, 95% <i>CI</i>: (3.49%, 3.87%)] and from 2015 to 2021 [APC=0.30%, 95%<i>CI</i>: (0.19%, 0.40%)].Theagestandardized prevalence (<i>r</i> = -0.17, <i>P</i> < 0.05), mortality (<i>r</i> = -0.67, <i>P</i> < 0.05) and DALYs rates of cystic echinococcosis (<i>r</i> = -0.60, <i>P</i> < 0.05) all correlated negatively with SDI across 21 geographical regions from 1990 to 2021, and the age-standardized mortality (<i>r</i> = -0.61, <i>P</i> < 0.05) and DALYs rates (<i>r</i> = -0.44, <i>P</i> < 0.05) both correlated negatively with SDI across 204 countries and territories in 2021. Frontier analysis revealed that the age-standardized DALYs rate of cystic echinococcosis was still not in line with the frontier in some high-SDI countries or territories. In addition, the global age-standardized prevalence was projected with the BAPC model to appear a tendency towards a rise among both men [estimated annual p
{"title":"[Analysis and prediction of global burden due to cystic echinococcosis from 1990 to 2035].","authors":"Z Lai, G Liu, H Zhao, M Qiu, J Chen, E Luo, J Xin, X Yang","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2024195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1915.2024195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the trends in the global burden due to cystic echinococcosis from 1990 to 2021, and to predict the global burden of cystic echinococcosis from 2022 to 2035, so as to provide insights into formulation of the cystic echinococcosis control strategy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The global age-standardized prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates and their 95% uncertainty intervals (<i>UI</i>) of cystic echinococcosis from 1990 to 2021 were captured from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) database, and the trends in the global burden of cystic echinococcosis from 1990 to 2021 were analyzed using the Joinpoint regression model. The associations between the global burden of cystic echinococcosis and socio-demographic index (SDI) were examined using a smoothing spline model and frontier analysis, and the global burden of cystic echinococcosis was projected from 2022 to 2035 using the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The global agestandardized prevalence, mortality and DALYs rates of cystic echinococcosis were 7.69/10<sup>5</sup> [95% <i>UI</i>: (6.27/10<sup>5</sup>, 9.51/10<sup>5</sup>)], 0.02/10<sup>5</sup> [95% <i>UI</i>: (0.01/10<sup>5</sup>, 0.02/10<sup>5</sup>)], and 1.32/10<sup>5</sup> [95% <i>UI</i>: (0.99/10<sup>5</sup>, 1.69/10<sup>5</sup>)] in 2021. The global age-standardized prevalence of cystic echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a rise by 0.14% per year from 1990 to 2021, and the global age-standardized mortality and DALYs rates of cystic echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a decline by 4.68% and 4.01% per year from 1990 to 2021, respectively. Joinpoint regression analysis showed that global age-standardized prevalence of cystic echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a decline from 1990 to 2000 [annual percent change (APC) = -0.66%, 95% confidence interval (<i>CI</i>): (-0.70%, -0.61%)] and from 2005 to 2015 [APC = -0.88%, 95% <i>CI</i>: (-0.93%, -0.82%)], and towards a rise from 2000 to 2005 [APC = 3.68%, 95% <i>CI</i>: (3.49%, 3.87%)] and from 2015 to 2021 [APC=0.30%, 95%<i>CI</i>: (0.19%, 0.40%)].Theagestandardized prevalence (<i>r</i> = -0.17, <i>P</i> < 0.05), mortality (<i>r</i> = -0.67, <i>P</i> < 0.05) and DALYs rates of cystic echinococcosis (<i>r</i> = -0.60, <i>P</i> < 0.05) all correlated negatively with SDI across 21 geographical regions from 1990 to 2021, and the age-standardized mortality (<i>r</i> = -0.61, <i>P</i> < 0.05) and DALYs rates (<i>r</i> = -0.44, <i>P</i> < 0.05) both correlated negatively with SDI across 204 countries and territories in 2021. Frontier analysis revealed that the age-standardized DALYs rate of cystic echinococcosis was still not in line with the frontier in some high-SDI countries or territories. In addition, the global age-standardized prevalence was projected with the BAPC model to appear a tendency towards a rise among both men [estimated annual p","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 3","pages":"255-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-24DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1915.2024270
J Xu, Z Wang, F Gao, Z Zhang
Objective: To investigate the feasibility of the spatiotemporal filtering model in analysis of reported schistosomiasis cases, so as to provide insights into analysis of complicated data pertaining to schistosomiasis control.
Methods: Demographic and epidemiological data of reported schistosomiasis cases in Anhui Province from 1997 to 2010 were collected from Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the annual prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum human infections was calculated. The meteorological data were captured from meteorological stations in counties (cities, districts) of Anhui Province where schistosomiasis cases were reported from 1997 to 2010 at the National Meteorological Information Center, including monthly average air temperature and precipitation. Meteorological data were interpolated using the inverse-distance weighting method, and the annual average air temperature and annual precipitation were calculated in each county (city, district). The centroid of the county (city, district) where schistosomiasis cases were reported was extracted using the software ArcGIS 10.0, and the Euclidean distance from each centroid to the Yangtze River was calculated as the distance between that county (city, district) and the Yangtze River. The global Moran's I of the prevalence of S. japonicum human infections in Anhui Province for each year from 1997 to 2010 were calculated to analyze the spatial autocorrelation. A spatial weight matrix was constructed using Rook adjacency, and a first-order temporal weight matrix was built to quantify the relationship between disease changes over time. Subsequently, a spatiotemporal structure matrix was constructed. A negative binomial model was built based on the spatiotemporal structure matrix and data pertaining to reported schistosomiasis cases, and a linear model was created between the residual of the model and candidate set feature vectors to determine the optimal subset composition of the spatiotemporal filter through stepwise regression. Then, a spatio-temporal filtering model was constructed using the negative binomial model. Negative binomial models, Bayesian spatial models, and Bayesian spatiotemporal models were constructed and compared with the spatiotemporal filtering model to validate the performance of the spatiotemporal filtering model, and cross-validation was conducted for each model. The goodness of fit was evaluated using the deviance information criterion (DIC) and Watanabe-Akaike information criterion (WAIC), and the effectiveness of model validation was assessed using mean squared error (MSE), while the accuracy of assessment results was assessed using coefficients and their 95% confidence intervals (CI), and the computational efficiency was assessed based on the running time of the model. The four feature vectors with the largest Moran's I values were selected to identify regions with aut
{"title":"[Feasibility of the spatiotemporal filtering model for analyzing the spatiotemporal distribution of reported schistosomiasis cases].","authors":"J Xu, Z Wang, F Gao, Z Zhang","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2024270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1915.2024270","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the feasibility of the spatiotemporal filtering model in analysis of reported schistosomiasis cases, so as to provide insights into analysis of complicated data pertaining to schistosomiasis control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Demographic and epidemiological data of reported schistosomiasis cases in Anhui Province from 1997 to 2010 were collected from Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the annual prevalence of <i>Schistosoma japonicum</i> human infections was calculated. The meteorological data were captured from meteorological stations in counties (cities, districts) of Anhui Province where schistosomiasis cases were reported from 1997 to 2010 at the National Meteorological Information Center, including monthly average air temperature and precipitation. Meteorological data were interpolated using the inverse-distance weighting method, and the annual average air temperature and annual precipitation were calculated in each county (city, district). The centroid of the county (city, district) where schistosomiasis cases were reported was extracted using the software ArcGIS 10.0, and the Euclidean distance from each centroid to the Yangtze River was calculated as the distance between that county (city, district) and the Yangtze River. The global Moran's <i>I</i> of the prevalence of <i>S. japonicum</i> human infections in Anhui Province for each year from 1997 to 2010 were calculated to analyze the spatial autocorrelation. A spatial weight matrix was constructed using Rook adjacency, and a first-order temporal weight matrix was built to quantify the relationship between disease changes over time. Subsequently, a spatiotemporal structure matrix was constructed. A negative binomial model was built based on the spatiotemporal structure matrix and data pertaining to reported schistosomiasis cases, and a linear model was created between the residual of the model and candidate set feature vectors to determine the optimal subset composition of the spatiotemporal filter through stepwise regression. Then, a spatio-temporal filtering model was constructed using the negative binomial model. Negative binomial models, Bayesian spatial models, and Bayesian spatiotemporal models were constructed and compared with the spatiotemporal filtering model to validate the performance of the spatiotemporal filtering model, and cross-validation was conducted for each model. The goodness of fit was evaluated using the deviance information criterion (DIC) and Watanabe-Akaike information criterion (WAIC), and the effectiveness of model validation was assessed using mean squared error (MSE), while the accuracy of assessment results was assessed using coefficients and their 95% confidence intervals (<i>CI</i>), and the computational efficiency was assessed based on the running time of the model. The four feature vectors with the largest Moran's <i>I</i> values were selected to identify regions with aut","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 3","pages":"232-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-23DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1915.2025016
X Cheng, Y Feng, X Wang, Z Wang, J Lei, M Jiang, G Yang, X Zhang, S Yang, L Wang
Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy for surgical treatments among patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis in Gansu Province from 2006 to 2023, so as to provide insights into optimization of the diagnosis and treatment strategies against hepatic cystic echinococcosis.
Methods: The demographic and clinical data of all echinococcosis cases included in central government fiscal transfer payment program for echinococcosis control and undergoing surgical treatments in Gansu Province from 2006 to 2023 were captured. Hepatic cystic echinococcosis patients with complete medical records and follow-up data were included in the study, and patients' characteristics, including hospital where patients received diagnosis and treatment, methods of case identification, year of surgery, classification of lesions, number of lesions, size of lesions, course of disease, surgical methods, and post-surgical follow-up data. The cure and recurrence of hepatic cystic echinococcosis were evaluated according to the Guidelines for Management of Echinococcosis Patients in the Central Government Fiscal Transfer Payment Program, and the cure and recurrent rates were calculated.
Results: Data were collected from 1 686 surgical patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 1 222 hepatic cystic echinococcosis patients undergoing surgical treatments were included during the period from 2006 to 2022, including 1 166 cured patients (95.42%) and 88 patients with postsurgical recurrence (7.20%), and the cure rate of surgical treatments appeared a tendency towards a rise among patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis from 2008 to 2022 (χ2trend = 19.39, P < 0.05). The cure rates of hepatic cystic echinococcosis were 100% (177/177), 94.81% (128/135) and 94.62% (861/910) among patients detected through regular physical examinations, screened by the central government fiscal transfer payment program for echinococcosis control, and those who passively sought healthcare services, respectively (χ2 = 9.95, P < 0.05). The cure rates of hepatic cystic echinococcosis were 95.96% (1 046/1 090) among patients with a disease course of 2 years and less and 90.90% (120/132) among patients with a disease course of over 2 years (χ2 = 6.87, P < 0.05), and there were significant differences in the cure rates among patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis in terms of number of lesions (χ2 = 24.44, P < 0.05) and surgical methods (P < 0.05). The cure rate of hepatic cystic echinococcosis patients was significantly higher following initiation of the central government fiscal transfer payment program for echinococcosis control (96.06%, 1 096/1 141) than before the program (86.42%, 70/81) (χ2 = 16.06, P < 0.05), and the cure rate of hepatic cystic echinococcosis pa
目的：评价2006 - 2023年甘肃省肝囊性包虫病手术治疗的疗效，为优化肝囊性包虫病的诊治策略提供参考。方法：收集2006 - 2023年甘肃省所有纳入中央财政棘球蚴病控制转移支付计划并接受手术治疗的棘球蚴病患者的人口学和临床资料。纳入有完整病历和随访资料的肝囊性包虫病患者，包括患者诊疗医院、病例鉴定方法、手术年份、病变分类、病变数量、病变大小、病程、手术方式、术后随访资料等患者特征。按照《中央财政转移支付计划包虫病患者管理指南》对肝囊性包虫病的治愈率和复发率进行评价，并计算治愈率和复发率。结果：收集1 686例肝囊性包虫病手术患者资料。根据纳入与排除标准，2006 - 2022年纳入手术治疗肝囊性包虫病患者1 222例，其中治愈1 166例（95.42%），术后复发88例（7.20%），2008 - 2022年肝囊性包虫病患者手术治疗治愈率呈上升趋势（χ2趋势= 19.39,P < 0.05）。定期体检、中央财政棘球蚴病控制转移支付项目筛查和被动就诊患者的肝囊性棘球蚴病治愈率分别为100%（177/177）、94.81%（128/135）和94.62%(861/910)，差异有统计学意义（χ2 = 9.95, P < 0.05）。病程2年及以下患者的肝囊性包虫病治愈率为95.96%(1 046/1 090)，病程2年以上患者的治愈率为90.90% (120/132)(χ2 = 6.87, P < 0.05)，且肝囊性包虫病患者的治愈率在病变数（χ2 = 24.44, P < 0.05）和手术方式（P < 0.05）方面差异均有统计学意义。实施中央财政棘球蚴病防治转移支付项目后，肝囊性棘球蚴病治愈率（96.06%,1 096/1 141）显著高于实施前（86.42%,70/81）（χ2 = 16.06, P < 0.05），定点医院肝囊性棘球蚴病治愈率（96.48%,741/768）显著高于非定点医院（93.37%,366/392）（χ2 = 5.78, P < 0.05）。1222例肝囊包虫病手术治疗患者中位随访时间为4年（四分位间距为7年）。2008 - 2022年肝囊性包虫病复发率呈下降趋势（χ2趋势= 36.86,P < 0.05），由2008年的23.08%（9/39）下降至2021年的1.85%(1/54)，实施中央财政包虫病防治转移支付计划后肝囊性包虫病术后复发率（5.87%,67 / 1 141）低于实施计划前的25.93%,21/81 （χ2 = 45.51, P < 0.05）。非定点医院肝囊性包虫病术后复发率（10.46%,41/392）高于定点医院（5.60%,43/768）（χ2 = 9.12, P < 0.05），不同手术方式肝囊性包虫病患者术后复发率差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。以经皮细针抽吸囊肿液为基础的外科手术患者复发率最高（11.54%）（P < 0.05）。结论：自2006年甘肃省启动中央财政棘球蚴病控制转移支付项目以来，肝囊性棘球蚴病患者手术治愈率提高，复发率降低，总体疗效较高。
{"title":"[Evaluation of surgical efficacy in patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis in Gansu Province from 2006 to 2023].","authors":"X Cheng, Y Feng, X Wang, Z Wang, J Lei, M Jiang, G Yang, X Zhang, S Yang, L Wang","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2025016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1915.2025016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy for surgical treatments among patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis in Gansu Province from 2006 to 2023, so as to provide insights into optimization of the diagnosis and treatment strategies against hepatic cystic echinococcosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The demographic and clinical data of all echinococcosis cases included in central government fiscal transfer payment program for echinococcosis control and undergoing surgical treatments in Gansu Province from 2006 to 2023 were captured. Hepatic cystic echinococcosis patients with complete medical records and follow-up data were included in the study, and patients' characteristics, including hospital where patients received diagnosis and treatment, methods of case identification, year of surgery, classification of lesions, number of lesions, size of lesions, course of disease, surgical methods, and post-surgical follow-up data. The cure and recurrence of hepatic cystic echinococcosis were evaluated according to the <i>Guidelines for Management of Echinococcosis Patients in the Central Government Fiscal Transfer Payment Program</i>, and the cure and recurrent rates were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data were collected from 1 686 surgical patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 1 222 hepatic cystic echinococcosis patients undergoing surgical treatments were included during the period from 2006 to 2022, including 1 166 cured patients (95.42%) and 88 patients with postsurgical recurrence (7.20%), and the cure rate of surgical treatments appeared a tendency towards a rise among patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis from 2008 to 2022 (χ<sup>2</sup><sub>trend</sub> = 19.39, <i>P</i> < 0.05). The cure rates of hepatic cystic echinococcosis were 100% (177/177), 94.81% (128/135) and 94.62% (861/910) among patients detected through regular physical examinations, screened by the central government fiscal transfer payment program for echinococcosis control, and those who passively sought healthcare services, respectively (χ<sup>2</sup> = 9.95, <i>P</i> < 0.05). The cure rates of hepatic cystic echinococcosis were 95.96% (1 046/1 090) among patients with a disease course of 2 years and less and 90.90% (120/132) among patients with a disease course of over 2 years (χ<sup>2</sup> = 6.87, <i>P</i> < 0.05), and there were significant differences in the cure rates among patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis in terms of number of lesions (χ<sup>2</sup> = 24.44, <i>P</i> < 0.05) and surgical methods (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The cure rate of hepatic cystic echinococcosis patients was significantly higher following initiation of the central government fiscal transfer payment program for echinococcosis control (96.06%, 1 096/1 141) than before the program (86.42%, 70/81) (χ<sup>2</sup> = 16.06, <i>P</i> < 0.05), and the cure rate of hepatic cystic echinococcosis pa","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 3","pages":"247-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-20DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1915.2024285
T Chen, D Jin, H Ye
Balamuthia mandrillaris amebic encephalitis is a rare but highly fatal parasitic disease in the central nervous system caused by amebae infections. This disease is characterized by complex, diverse and non-specific clinical manifestations and high difficulty in diagnosis, resulting in a high likelihood of missing diagnosis and misdiagnosis. This article presents the diagnosis and treatment of a child with definitive diagnosis B. mandrillaris amebic encephalitis as revealed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing of cerebrospinal fluids, so as to provide insights into clinical diagnosis and treatment of B. mandrillaris amebic encephalitis.
{"title":"[<i>Balamuthia mandrillaris</i> amebic encephalitis in children: a case report].","authors":"T Chen, D Jin, H Ye","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2024285","DOIUrl":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2024285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Balamuthia mandrillaris</i> amebic encephalitis is a rare but highly fatal parasitic disease in the central nervous system caused by amebae infections. This disease is characterized by complex, diverse and non-specific clinical manifestations and high difficulty in diagnosis, resulting in a high likelihood of missing diagnosis and misdiagnosis. This article presents the diagnosis and treatment of a child with definitive diagnosis <i>B. mandrillaris</i> amebic encephalitis as revealed by metagenomic next-generation sequencing of cerebrospinal fluids, so as to provide insights into clinical diagnosis and treatment of <i>B. mandrillaris</i> amebic encephalitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 4","pages":"447-450"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145410373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-20DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1915.2025056
J Liu, W Wang, M Zhang, C Zhou, L Liu, L Zhao, K Li, D Zhang, Y Liu, H Liu, S Chen, M Qian, S Li
<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the value of inquiry examinations for diagnosis of taeniasis in field investigations, so as to provide insights into improving the efficiency and accuracy of taeniasis control programmes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four taeniasis-endemic villages were sampled in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province in October 2023 as survey sites, and at least 305 permanent residents at ages of over 3 years were randomly sampled from each site. Face-to-face inquiries were performed with structured questionnaires to investigate participants' history and frequency of proglottids release during the past year, consumption of raw or undercooked meat products or pork liver during the past six months, history and time of deworming. Participants' stool samples were collected, and <i>Taenia</i> eggs were detected in stool samples using Kato-Katz technique (two slides of one stool sample). Egg-positive individuals or participants with a history of proglottids release during the past year were given diagnostic deworming with areca nuts and pumpkin seeds. The detection of <i>Taenia</i> eggs using Kato-Katz technique and release of <i>Taenia</i> worms or proglottids following diagnostic deworming served as a gold standard to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of inquiry examinations for taeniasis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of inquiry examinations for diagnosis of taeniasis were plotted, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. In addition, <i>Taenia</i> worms or proglottids released following diagnostic deworming were subjected to multiplex PCR assay and Sanger sequencing for species identification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1 842 participants were included, and 1 842 valid questionnaires were recovered. A total of 1 533 stool samples were collected, among which 25 egg-positives were identified. Questionnaire surveys showed that 1 305 respondents had consumed raw or undercooked meat products during the past six months, and 42 respondents had a history of proglottids release during the past year. Diagnostic deworming was given to the aforementioned 25 egg-positive individuals and 42 participants who self-reported a history of proglottids release during the past year, and 33 participants had a release of complete worms. Following exclusion of records of individuals receiving deworming during the past 3 months, during the past year, and all participants with a history of deworming, the AUCs were 0.767 (<i>Z</i> = 4.71, <i>P</i> < 0.001), 0.762 (<i>Z</i> = 4.51, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and 0.762 (<i>Z</i> = 4.52, <i>P</i> < 0.001) for diagnosis of <i>Taenia</i> infections with "self-reported history of proglottids release during the past year", respectively, and pairwise comparisons showed no statistically significant differences (<i>D</i> values, -0.01 to 0.33; all <i>P</i> values > 0.05). Following exclusion of records of individuals receiving deworming during the past 3 mo
目的：评价问询检查在现场调查中对带绦虫病诊断的价值，为提高带绦虫病控制规划的效率和准确性提供参考。方法：于2023年10月在云南省大理白族自治州选取4个带绦虫流行村作为调查点，随机抽取3岁以上常住人口305人。采用结构化问卷进行面对面调查，调查参与者在过去一年中释放弓形虫的历史和频率，在过去六个月内食用生的或未煮熟的肉制品或猪肝，以及驱虫的历史和时间。收集参与者的粪便样本，并使用Kato-Katz技术在粪便样本中检测带绦虫卵（一个粪便样本的两张载玻片）。在过去一年中，卵阳性个体或有原始虫虫释放史的参与者被给予槟榔果和南瓜籽诊断性驱虫。应用Kato-Katz技术检测带绦虫卵和诊断驱虫后释放带绦虫或原虫作为评价带绦虫病问询检查诊断效率的金标准。绘制诊断带绦虫病的问询性检查的受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线，计算曲线下面积（AUC）。此外，对诊断性除虫后释放的带绦虫或原绦虫进行多重PCR检测和Sanger测序进行物种鉴定。结果：共纳入调查对象1 842份，回收有效问卷1 842份。共收集粪便样本1 533份，其中检出卵子阳性25份。问卷调查结果显示，1305名受访者在过去6个月内曾食用生或未煮熟的肉类产品，42名受访者在过去一年内曾有放生或未煮熟的肉类产品。对上述25名卵阳性个体和42名自我报告在过去一年中有原始蠕虫释放史的参与者进行诊断性驱虫，33名参与者有完整的蠕虫释放。在排除过去3个月、过去一年接受驱虫治疗的个体和所有有驱虫史的参与者的记录后，“自报过去一年有原脚虫释放史”的带绦虫感染诊断的AUCs分别为0.767 （Z = 4.71, P < 0.001）、0.762 （Z = 4.51, P < 0.001）和0.762 (Z = 4.52, P < 0.001)，两两比较差异无统计学意义(D值：-0.01 ~ 0.33；P值均为> 0.05)。排除个人的记录接收后除寄生虫在过去3个月,在过去的一年里,和所有参与者历史驱虫药,auc是0.797 (Z = 4.71, P < 0.001), 0.835 (Z = 4.17, P < 0.001),和0.847 (Z = 3.98, P < 0.001)的诊断绦虫感染“自述节片两倍的历史版本”,分别和两两比较无显著差异(D值,-0.43到-0.10;P值> 0.05)。排除所有驱虫个体的记录后，“自述两次原虫释放史”的诊断敏感性和特异性分别为87.50%和81.82%。在排除不同时间间隔接受驱虫的个体记录后，诊断为“过去6个月内自报食用生的或未煮熟的肉制品或猪肝”的带绦虫感染的AUCs为0.529 ~ 0.532 （P值均为0.05）。在33只释放完整带绦虫的个体中，31只被鉴定为亚洲带绦虫感染（93.94%），平均虫负荷为（1.39±0.72）只/人；2只被鉴定为saginata感染（6.06%），每个参与者1只虫。结论：调查检查显示的近一年内原带绦虫释放史对带绦虫病具有诊断价值，可作为实地带绦虫病筛查的初步筛查工具。在调查检查中增加原带绦虫的释放频率，并在分析中排除接受驱虫的个体记录，可提高带绦虫病的诊断价值。
{"title":"[Diagnostic value of the inquiry examination method for taeniasis based on the receiver operating characteristic curve].","authors":"J Liu, W Wang, M Zhang, C Zhou, L Liu, L Zhao, K Li, D Zhang, Y Liu, H Liu, S Chen, M Qian, S Li","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2025056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1915.2025056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the value of inquiry examinations for diagnosis of taeniasis in field investigations, so as to provide insights into improving the efficiency and accuracy of taeniasis control programmes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four taeniasis-endemic villages were sampled in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province in October 2023 as survey sites, and at least 305 permanent residents at ages of over 3 years were randomly sampled from each site. Face-to-face inquiries were performed with structured questionnaires to investigate participants' history and frequency of proglottids release during the past year, consumption of raw or undercooked meat products or pork liver during the past six months, history and time of deworming. Participants' stool samples were collected, and <i>Taenia</i> eggs were detected in stool samples using Kato-Katz technique (two slides of one stool sample). Egg-positive individuals or participants with a history of proglottids release during the past year were given diagnostic deworming with areca nuts and pumpkin seeds. The detection of <i>Taenia</i> eggs using Kato-Katz technique and release of <i>Taenia</i> worms or proglottids following diagnostic deworming served as a gold standard to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of inquiry examinations for taeniasis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of inquiry examinations for diagnosis of taeniasis were plotted, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. In addition, <i>Taenia</i> worms or proglottids released following diagnostic deworming were subjected to multiplex PCR assay and Sanger sequencing for species identification.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1 842 participants were included, and 1 842 valid questionnaires were recovered. A total of 1 533 stool samples were collected, among which 25 egg-positives were identified. Questionnaire surveys showed that 1 305 respondents had consumed raw or undercooked meat products during the past six months, and 42 respondents had a history of proglottids release during the past year. Diagnostic deworming was given to the aforementioned 25 egg-positive individuals and 42 participants who self-reported a history of proglottids release during the past year, and 33 participants had a release of complete worms. Following exclusion of records of individuals receiving deworming during the past 3 months, during the past year, and all participants with a history of deworming, the AUCs were 0.767 (<i>Z</i> = 4.71, <i>P</i> < 0.001), 0.762 (<i>Z</i> = 4.51, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and 0.762 (<i>Z</i> = 4.52, <i>P</i> < 0.001) for diagnosis of <i>Taenia</i> infections with \"self-reported history of proglottids release during the past year\", respectively, and pairwise comparisons showed no statistically significant differences (<i>D</i> values, -0.01 to 0.33; all <i>P</i> values > 0.05). Following exclusion of records of individuals receiving deworming during the past 3 mo","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 4","pages":"346-354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145410357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-19DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1915.2025078
J He, L Zhang, F Yang, H Dang, Y Li, S Guo, S Li, C Cao, J Xu, S Li
To understand the progress of, summarize the lessons learned from and analyze the challenges in the national schistosomiasis elimination program of China in 2024, this article presented the endemic situation of schistosomiasis and national schistosomiasis surveillance results in the People's Republic of China in 2024. By the end of 2024, Shanghai Municipality, Zhejiang Province, Fujian Province, Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region continued to consolidate schistosomiasis elimination achievements, and 7 provinces of Jiangsu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei, Hunan, Anhui and Jiangxi maintained the criteria of schistosomiasis transmission interruption. A total of 450 counties (cites, districts) were found to be endemic for schistosomiasis in China in 2024, including 26 061 endemic villages covering 73 630 500 residents at risk of infections. Among the 450 counties (cities, districts) endemic for schistosomiasis, 388 (86.22%) achieved the criteria of schistosomiasis elimination and 62 (13.78%) achieved the criteria of transmission interruption. In 2024, a total of 4 102 624 individuals received immunological tests for schistosomiasis in China, with 44 823 sero-positives identified (1.09% seroprevalence), and a total of 169 722 individuals received parasitological examinations, with 1 egg-positives detected. A total of 27 321 cases with advanced schistosomiasis were documented in China by the end of 2024. In 2024, a total of 575 686 bovines were raised in schistosomiasis-endemic villages of China, and 113 842 bovines received immunological tests, with 235 sero-positives detected (0.21% seroprevalence), while no egg-positives were identified among the 167 475 bovines receiving parasitological examinations. In 2024, snail survey was performed covering an area of 680 498.27 hm2 in China, and 190 778.66 hm2 snail habitats were identified, including 59.09 hm2 emerging snail habitats and 704.23 hm2 reemerging snail habitats. In 2024, a total of 19 665 schistosomiasis patients receiving chemotherapy with praziquantel in China, and expanded chemotherapy was given to humans at 571 722 person-times and to bovines at 306 740 herd-times. In addition, snail control with chemical treatment covered 117 111.37 hm2 snail habitats across China in 2024, and the actual area of chemical treatment was 66 562.95 hm2, while environmental improvements were performed in snail habitats covering an area of 1 374.26 hm2. The national schistosomiasis surveillance results showed that the mean prevalence rates of Schistosoma japonicum infections were both 0 among humans and bovines in China in 2024, and no S. japonicum infection was detected in snails. These data demonstrated that the prevalence of schistosomiasis remained at a low level in China in 2024; however, the areas of snail habitats remained high and the number of fenced cattle showed a slight increase. To address the
{"title":"[Progress of schistosomiasis control in the People's Republic of China in 2024].","authors":"J He, L Zhang, F Yang, H Dang, Y Li, S Guo, S Li, C Cao, J Xu, S Li","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2025078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1915.2025078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To understand the progress of, summarize the lessons learned from and analyze the challenges in the national schistosomiasis elimination program of China in 2024, this article presented the endemic situation of schistosomiasis and national schistosomiasis surveillance results in the People's Republic of China in 2024. By the end of 2024, Shanghai Municipality, Zhejiang Province, Fujian Province, Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region continued to consolidate schistosomiasis elimination achievements, and 7 provinces of Jiangsu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei, Hunan, Anhui and Jiangxi maintained the criteria of schistosomiasis transmission interruption. A total of 450 counties (cites, districts) were found to be endemic for schistosomiasis in China in 2024, including 26 061 endemic villages covering 73 630 500 residents at risk of infections. Among the 450 counties (cities, districts) endemic for schistosomiasis, 388 (86.22%) achieved the criteria of schistosomiasis elimination and 62 (13.78%) achieved the criteria of transmission interruption. In 2024, a total of 4 102 624 individuals received immunological tests for schistosomiasis in China, with 44 823 sero-positives identified (1.09% seroprevalence), and a total of 169 722 individuals received parasitological examinations, with 1 egg-positives detected. A total of 27 321 cases with advanced schistosomiasis were documented in China by the end of 2024. In 2024, a total of 575 686 bovines were raised in schistosomiasis-endemic villages of China, and 113 842 bovines received immunological tests, with 235 sero-positives detected (0.21% seroprevalence), while no egg-positives were identified among the 167 475 bovines receiving parasitological examinations. In 2024, snail survey was performed covering an area of 680 498.27 hm<sup>2</sup> in China, and 190 778.66 hm<sup>2</sup> snail habitats were identified, including 59.09 hm<sup>2</sup> emerging snail habitats and 704.23 hm<sup>2</sup> reemerging snail habitats. In 2024, a total of 19 665 schistosomiasis patients receiving chemotherapy with praziquantel in China, and expanded chemotherapy was given to humans at 571 722 person-times and to bovines at 306 740 herd-times. In addition, snail control with chemical treatment covered 117 111.37 hm<sup>2</sup> snail habitats across China in 2024, and the actual area of chemical treatment was 66 562.95 hm<sup>2</sup>, while environmental improvements were performed in snail habitats covering an area of 1 374.26 hm<sup>2</sup>. The national schistosomiasis surveillance results showed that the mean prevalence rates of <i>Schistosoma japonicum</i> infections were both 0 among humans and bovines in China in 2024, and no <i>S. japonicum</i> infection was detected in snails. These data demonstrated that the prevalence of schistosomiasis remained at a low level in China in 2024; however, the areas of snail habitats remained high and the number of fenced cattle showed a slight increase. To address the","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 3","pages":"223-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144745384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-17DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1915.2024098
F Mao, Y Liu, J Cao
As a global public health concern, parasitic diseases have been a great threat to human health for a long period of time. Following decades of integrated control efforts, the incidence of soil-transmitted and food-borne parasitic diseases has been remarkable reduced in most endemic foci of China, and is now low across the country. However, there are still multiple factors affecting the transmission of soil-transmitted and food-borne parasitic diseases, which pose multiple challenges to parasitic diseases surveillance in the new era. This article analyzed the current status and challenges of soil-transmitted and food-borne parasitic diseases surveillance in Jiangsu Province, a low-endemicity area, and proposed countermeasures to tackle the challenges, so as to provide insights into key parasitic diseases surveillance in the new era.
{"title":"[Challenges and countermeasures for soil-transmitted and food-borne parasitic diseases surveillance in low-endemicity areas].","authors":"F Mao, Y Liu, J Cao","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2024098","DOIUrl":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2024098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a global public health concern, parasitic diseases have been a great threat to human health for a long period of time. Following decades of integrated control efforts, the incidence of soil-transmitted and food-borne parasitic diseases has been remarkable reduced in most endemic foci of China, and is now low across the country. However, there are still multiple factors affecting the transmission of soil-transmitted and food-borne parasitic diseases, which pose multiple challenges to parasitic diseases surveillance in the new era. This article analyzed the current status and challenges of soil-transmitted and food-borne parasitic diseases surveillance in Jiangsu Province, a low-endemicity area, and proposed countermeasures to tackle the challenges, so as to provide insights into key parasitic diseases surveillance in the new era.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 5","pages":"545-548"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145662327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-13DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1915.2024241
S Ning, C Liu, Y Nian, D Hu, X Li, G Wang, L Zhang
Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of reported echinococcosis cases and their trends in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2023, so as to provide insights into optimization of echinococcosis control and surveillance strategies in the province.
Methods: All data pertaining to echinococcosis cases in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2023 were captured from China's National Notifiable Disease Reporting System. All echinococcosis cases were subjected to duplicate checking and individual epidemiological surveys, and the temporal, population, and spatial distributions of reported echinococcosis cases were descriptively analyzed.
Results: A total of 94 echinococcosis cases were reported in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2023, and all cases were diagnosed with cystic echinococcosis, including 38 cases (40.43%) with definitive diagnosis of echinococcosis and 56 cases (59.57%) with clinically diagnosed echinococcosis, and 26 cases (27.66%) from echinococcosis-endemic foci, 33 imported cases (35.11%), and 35 suspected locally acquired cases (37.23%). Male cases were predominantly at ages of > 40 to 70 years (66.67%), and female cases were mainly at ages of > 55 to 70 years (43.24%). Farmer was the predominant occupation (68.09%), and junior high school was the predominant educational level (29.79%). Reported echinococcosis cases from endemic foci were mainly concentrated in Dingbian County (23 cases, 88.46%), and imported echinococcosis cases were primarily distributed in Xi'an City and Xianyang City in the central Guanzhong region (19 cases, 57.58%), while suspected locally acquired cases were mainly distributed in Tongchuan City, Xi'an City, and Weinan City in the central and eastern Guanzhong region (22 cases, 62.86%). Among the 33 imported echinococcosis cases, 31 cases (93.94%) had a history of long-term residence in, travel to, or visiting relatives or friends in endemic areas, and 11 cases (33.33%) had a history of contacts with dogs or foxes in endemic areas. Of the 35 suspected locally acquired echinococcosis cases, 18 cases (51.43%) had a history of breeding dogs or exposure to neighbors' dogs, and no history of other relevant exposure.
Conclusions: The prevalence of echinococcosis was low in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2023; however, there was a risk of continuous importation of echinococcosis cases in the province. Intensified echinococcosis control measures are recommended among high-risk populations with adaptations to local circumstances.
{"title":"[Epidemiological characteristics of reported echinococcosis cases in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2023].","authors":"S Ning, C Liu, Y Nian, D Hu, X Li, G Wang, L Zhang","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2024241","DOIUrl":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2024241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of reported echinococcosis cases and their trends in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2023, so as to provide insights into optimization of echinococcosis control and surveillance strategies in the province.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All data pertaining to echinococcosis cases in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2023 were captured from China's National Notifiable Disease Reporting System. All echinococcosis cases were subjected to duplicate checking and individual epidemiological surveys, and the temporal, population, and spatial distributions of reported echinococcosis cases were descriptively analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 94 echinococcosis cases were reported in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2023, and all cases were diagnosed with cystic echinococcosis, including 38 cases (40.43%) with definitive diagnosis of echinococcosis and 56 cases (59.57%) with clinically diagnosed echinococcosis, and 26 cases (27.66%) from echinococcosis-endemic foci, 33 imported cases (35.11%), and 35 suspected locally acquired cases (37.23%). Male cases were predominantly at ages of > 40 to 70 years (66.67%), and female cases were mainly at ages of > 55 to 70 years (43.24%). Farmer was the predominant occupation (68.09%), and junior high school was the predominant educational level (29.79%). Reported echinococcosis cases from endemic foci were mainly concentrated in Dingbian County (23 cases, 88.46%), and imported echinococcosis cases were primarily distributed in Xi'an City and Xianyang City in the central Guanzhong region (19 cases, 57.58%), while suspected locally acquired cases were mainly distributed in Tongchuan City, Xi'an City, and Weinan City in the central and eastern Guanzhong region (22 cases, 62.86%). Among the 33 imported echinococcosis cases, 31 cases (93.94%) had a history of long-term residence in, travel to, or visiting relatives or friends in endemic areas, and 11 cases (33.33%) had a history of contacts with dogs or foxes in endemic areas. Of the 35 suspected locally acquired echinococcosis cases, 18 cases (51.43%) had a history of breeding dogs or exposure to neighbors' dogs, and no history of other relevant exposure.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The prevalence of echinococcosis was low in Shaanxi Province from 2016 to 2023; however, there was a risk of continuous importation of echinococcosis cases in the province. Intensified echinococcosis control measures are recommended among high-risk populations with adaptations to local circumstances.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 4","pages":"409-414"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145410369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-06-13DOI: 10.16250/j.32.1915.2024228
L Feng, L Wang, X Jiang, K Tan, P Li
Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria cases in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province from 2016 to 2023, so to provide insights into formulation of the malaria control strategy in the city.
Methods: All data pertaining to imported malaria cases reported in Chengdu City during the period from 2016 to 2023 were retrieved from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and the epidemiological characteristics and diagnosis and treatment of imported malaria cases were analyzed.
Results: A total of 463 imported malaria cases were reported in Chengdu City from 2016 to 2023, with Plasmodium falciparum malaria as the predominant type (71.27%, 330/463). Imported malaria cases returned from Africa (94.17%, 436/463), Asia (5.61%, 26/463), and South America (0.22%, 1/463), and were predominantly reported in May, June and December each year. Geographically, imported malaria cases were distributed across 20 counties (districts) in Chengdu City, with most cases (64.15%, 297/463) reported in Jinjiang District, and the male to female ratio of imported malaria cases was 21.05:1.00, with most cases diagnosed among migrant labors at ages of 20 to 50 years. There were 35.85% (166/463) of imported malaria cases seeking healthcare services on the day of disease onset, and cases with over 3 days of healthcare-seeking following disease onset were primarily farmers and labors at ages of 30 to 50 years. There were 456 imported malaria cases seeking healthcare services for the first time in domestic medical institutions following disease onset, and there were 341 cases with definitive diagnosis at the initial diagnosis (74.78%, 341/456). The domestic institutions with the highest proportion of correct malaria diagnosis at the initial diagnosis were county-level medical and health institutions (91.43%, 128/140), followed by city-level medical and health institutions (82.45%, 155/188), provincial-level medical and health institutions (80.00%, 44/55), and a low proportion of correct malaria diagnosis was seen in township healthcare centers (11.11%, 3/27), village healthcare clinics (0, 0/4) and individual doctors (0, 0/28).
Conclusions: Imported malaria cases in Chengdu City were primarily originated from Africa from 2016 to 2023, with P. falciparum malaria as the predominant type, and the malaria diagnostic capacity was low in grassroots healthcare institutions in the city. Intensified health education for malaria prevention and control targeting labors going to work in Africa and continuous improvements in the malaria diagnostic and treatment capability in healthcare institutions are recommended, in order to reduce the risk of re-establishment from imported malaria in Chengdu City.
{"title":"[Epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria cases in Chengdu City from 2016 to 2023].","authors":"L Feng, L Wang, X Jiang, K Tan, P Li","doi":"10.16250/j.32.1915.2024228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16250/j.32.1915.2024228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria cases in Chengdu City, Sichuan Province from 2016 to 2023, so to provide insights into formulation of the malaria control strategy in the city.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All data pertaining to imported malaria cases reported in Chengdu City during the period from 2016 to 2023 were retrieved from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and the epidemiological characteristics and diagnosis and treatment of imported malaria cases were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 463 imported malaria cases were reported in Chengdu City from 2016 to 2023, with <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> malaria as the predominant type (71.27%, 330/463). Imported malaria cases returned from Africa (94.17%, 436/463), Asia (5.61%, 26/463), and South America (0.22%, 1/463), and were predominantly reported in May, June and December each year. Geographically, imported malaria cases were distributed across 20 counties (districts) in Chengdu City, with most cases (64.15%, 297/463) reported in Jinjiang District, and the male to female ratio of imported malaria cases was 21.05:1.00, with most cases diagnosed among migrant labors at ages of 20 to 50 years. There were 35.85% (166/463) of imported malaria cases seeking healthcare services on the day of disease onset, and cases with over 3 days of healthcare-seeking following disease onset were primarily farmers and labors at ages of 30 to 50 years. There were 456 imported malaria cases seeking healthcare services for the first time in domestic medical institutions following disease onset, and there were 341 cases with definitive diagnosis at the initial diagnosis (74.78%, 341/456). The domestic institutions with the highest proportion of correct malaria diagnosis at the initial diagnosis were county-level medical and health institutions (91.43%, 128/140), followed by city-level medical and health institutions (82.45%, 155/188), provincial-level medical and health institutions (80.00%, 44/55), and a low proportion of correct malaria diagnosis was seen in township healthcare centers (11.11%, 3/27), village healthcare clinics (0, 0/4) and individual doctors (0, 0/28).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Imported malaria cases in Chengdu City were primarily originated from Africa from 2016 to 2023, with <i>P. falciparum</i> malaria as the predominant type, and the malaria diagnostic capacity was low in grassroots healthcare institutions in the city. Intensified health education for malaria prevention and control targeting labors going to work in Africa and continuous improvements in the malaria diagnostic and treatment capability in healthcare institutions are recommended, in order to reduce the risk of re-establishment from imported malaria in Chengdu City.</p>","PeriodicalId":38874,"journal":{"name":"中国血吸虫病防治杂志","volume":"37 4","pages":"403-408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145410420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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