Pub Date : 2023-01-23DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230123111027
S. Mondal, Riya Ghosh, R. Sharma
In the present study, a hydromagnetic Williamson nanofluid passed through a stretching sheet embedded in a porous media is being analyzed by assuming the impact of thermal radiation and magnetic field on the flow properties. Previously, many researchers have studied nanofluid flow, but hydromagnetic Williamson nanofluid passed through a stretching sheet embedded in a porous media will be a new finding among all researchers. Our objective is to study a hydromagnetic Williamson nanofluid passed through a stretching sheet embedded in a porous media is being analyzed by assuming the impact of thermal radiation and magnetic field on the flow properties. By using appropriate similarity transformation the governing equations with boundary conditions were converted into a dimensionless form. The derived ordinary differential equation was solved using Spectral local linearisation method. The outcomes indicate that velocity reduces with increase in Williamson, Porosity and Magnetic field parameters, whereas the concentration profile improves with these parameters. Entropy generation rate is also enhanced when the Reynolds number, concentration difference parameter and Brinkman number are increased. The results have been validated with existing research and our results are found to be in excellent agreement. The study finds that good agreement is achieved.
{"title":"Entropy generation effects on hydromagnetic Williamson nanofluid flow through a porous media","authors":"S. Mondal, Riya Ghosh, R. Sharma","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230123111027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230123111027","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000In the present study, a hydromagnetic Williamson nanofluid passed through a stretching sheet embedded in a porous media is being analyzed by assuming the impact of thermal radiation and magnetic field on the flow properties.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Previously, many researchers have studied nanofluid flow, but hydromagnetic Williamson nanofluid passed through a stretching sheet embedded in a porous media will be a new finding among all researchers.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Our objective is to study a hydromagnetic Williamson nanofluid passed through a stretching sheet embedded in a porous media is being analyzed by assuming the impact of thermal radiation and magnetic field on the flow properties.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000By using appropriate similarity transformation the governing equations with boundary conditions were converted into a dimensionless form. The derived ordinary differential equation was solved using Spectral local linearisation method.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The outcomes indicate that velocity reduces with increase in Williamson, Porosity and Magnetic field parameters, whereas the concentration profile improves with these parameters. Entropy generation rate is also enhanced when the Reynolds number, concentration difference parameter and Brinkman number are increased.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results have been validated with existing research and our results are found to be in excellent agreement.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study finds that good agreement is achieved.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85828108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-21DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666221221141546
R. Lorenzo, Pidaparthy Vijaya
This paper analyses the performance of 5 nm gate length gate engineered oxide stack silicon on insulator (SOI) fin field-effect transistor (OS-Fin-FET) for the first time. The high dielectric (High-K) value of the material-based gate oxide stack structure increases both the analog and the radio frequency (RF) performance of the Fin-FET device when compared to standard single gate oxide material structures. The work function of the engineered gate structure further helps in advancing the performance of the device in terms of on current (Ion), off current (Ioff) and the ratio of Ion/Ioff. The proposed OS-FinFET device improves on current (Ion) of the device by 12% in comparison to the high-K dielectric gate oxide-based FinFET device. Simulation of the device is further extended to study different electrical characteristics of the proposed device under other biasing conditions, to estimate enhanced analog and RF performance where the device is highly suitable for low power and high-speed applications. Overall, the proposed device shows improvement in existing architectures of the devices. Technology computer-aided design (TCAD) tool is used to perform entire simulations of the proposed device with 5 nm gate length. To enhance analog and RF performance of the Fin-FET device at 5 nm gate length. Design of the sub-10 nm Fin-FET device undergoes charge shearing phenomena because of the minimum distance between source and drain. This problem is addressed by using High-K spacer over substrate but it leads to increase in the channel resistance and adverse short channel effects. A combination of different high-K dielectric materials can eliminate this performance. Hence most of the studies concentrated on spacer region and failed to consider channel region. This study tries to improve analog performance of the device using the approach of gate engineering with gate stack approach. The main objective of this study is to increase on current (Ion) of the device by implementing gate engineering approach, by choosing dual work function-based gate with oxide stack approach. The High-K dielectric material-based gate oxide reduces leakage current, decreases off current which will increase the ratio of Ion/Ioff. The dual work function gate material is taken with gate oxide stack approach by considering different High-K dielectric materials like HfO2, TiO2 with thin SiO2 layer as the interactive layer. Simulation of the device is carried out using TCAD Tool and results are compared with existing literature, to validate the results. The proposed architecture of the Fin-FET device delivers excellent results in terms of on current and subthreshold characteristics compared to existing literature. The proposed device gives high on current of 0.027 A and current ratio of 1.08X104. A complete comparative analysis is carried out with existing literature on the proposed device, where the proposed device resulted in high performance. The proposed device imp
{"title":"Performance Analysis of gate engineered High-K gate oxide stack SOI Fin-FET for 5 nm Technology","authors":"R. Lorenzo, Pidaparthy Vijaya","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666221221141546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666221221141546","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This paper analyses the performance of 5 nm gate length gate engineered oxide stack silicon on insulator (SOI) fin field-effect transistor (OS-Fin-FET) for the first time. The high dielectric (High-K) value of the material-based gate oxide stack structure increases both the analog and the radio frequency (RF) performance of the Fin-FET device when compared to standard single gate oxide material structures. The work function of the engineered gate structure further helps in advancing the performance of the device in terms of on current (Ion), off current (Ioff) and the ratio of Ion/Ioff. The proposed OS-FinFET device improves on current (Ion) of the device by 12% in comparison to the high-K dielectric gate oxide-based FinFET device. Simulation of the device is further extended to study different electrical characteristics of the proposed device under other biasing conditions, to estimate enhanced analog and RF performance where the device is highly suitable for low power and high-speed applications. Overall, the proposed device shows improvement in existing architectures of the devices. Technology computer-aided design (TCAD) tool is used to perform entire simulations of the proposed device with 5 nm gate length.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To enhance analog and RF performance of the Fin-FET device at 5 nm gate length.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Design of the sub-10 nm Fin-FET device undergoes charge shearing phenomena because of the minimum distance between source and drain. This problem is addressed by using High-K spacer over substrate but it leads to increase in the channel resistance and adverse short channel effects. A combination of different high-K dielectric materials can eliminate this performance. Hence most of the studies concentrated on spacer region and failed to consider channel region. This study tries to improve analog performance of the device using the approach of gate engineering with gate stack approach.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The main objective of this study is to increase on current (Ion) of the device by implementing gate engineering approach, by choosing dual work function-based gate with oxide stack approach. The High-K dielectric material-based gate oxide reduces leakage current, decreases off current which will increase the ratio of Ion/Ioff.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The dual work function gate material is taken with gate oxide stack approach by considering different High-K dielectric materials like HfO2, TiO2 with thin SiO2 layer as the interactive layer. Simulation of the device is carried out using TCAD Tool and results are compared with existing literature, to validate the results.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The proposed architecture of the Fin-FET device delivers excellent results in terms of on current and subthreshold characteristics compared to existing literature. The proposed device gives high on current of 0.027 A and current ratio of 1.08X104.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A complete comparative analysis is carried out with existing literature on the proposed device, where the proposed device resulted in high performance. The proposed device imp","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78279315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-01DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666221201105954
S. Bhinge, M. Bhutkar, D. Randive, N. Mohire
{"title":"Nanotoxicity: A challenge for future nanomedicine.","authors":"S. Bhinge, M. Bhutkar, D. Randive, N. Mohire","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666221201105954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666221201105954","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:sec>\u0000<jats:title />\u0000<jats:p />\u0000</jats:sec>","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90377711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-15DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666221115142649
D. Vaya, P. Kaushik, Gyandshwar K Rao
The major challenges faced by developing countries are the issues associated with various pollutants, such as dyes, pesticides, heavy metals, etc. Various materials and methods are available for the removal of these pollutants. Major research works have been performed on single pollutants, and rarely any research literature is available for a mixture of pollutants. This is one of the major reasons to carry out our research work in this field. This study aimed to develop an efficient ZnO/GO nanocomposite as a photocatalyst, characterize it by PXRD, FT-IR, and TGA, and evaluate its catalytic activity by degradation of MG, MB and a mixture of both In this study, GO was synthesized by the modified Hummers method. In this method, graphite powder was mixed with sulphuric acid and NaNO3. Then KMnO4 solution was added under continuous stirring. Excess KMnO4 was removed by H2O2 and the colour of the solution turned to be dark yellow. After proper washing and maintaining pH, the resulting material was dried at 60°C for 12h to obtain GO. GO was dispersed in ethanol, and 0.387g Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O was added to it. The resulting mixture was sonicated, and a solution of NH3 was added very slowly by maintaining the pH of the solution at ~7. The resulting product was dried at 80°C and then calcined at 500 °C for 2.5 h to get ZnO/GO nanocomposite. The photodegradation of MG, MB and a mixture of MG and MB was found to be 92.23%, 35.96%, and 66.22%, respectively, in 4−5 h. The degradation of the dyes was found to follow Second-order kinetics with a multilayer absorption phenomenon. MB showed less degradation as compared to MG, but its photocatalytic activity enhanced after adding MG. This ZnO/GO nanocomposite seems to be a potential candidate to address the challenges associated with multi-pollutants, such as dyes.
{"title":"Kinetic and Adsorption Isotherm Study of Photocatalytic Degradation of MB and MG Dyes and Simultaneous Removal of a Mixture of Pollutants using ZnO/GO Nanocomposite","authors":"D. Vaya, P. Kaushik, Gyandshwar K Rao","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666221115142649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666221115142649","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The major challenges faced by developing countries are the issues associated with various pollutants, such as dyes, pesticides, heavy metals, etc. Various materials and methods are available for the removal of these pollutants. Major research works have been performed on single pollutants, and rarely any research literature is available for a mixture of pollutants. This is one of the major reasons to carry out our research work in this field.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study aimed to develop an efficient ZnO/GO nanocomposite as a photocatalyst, characterize it by PXRD, FT-IR, and TGA, and evaluate its catalytic activity by degradation of MG, MB and a mixture of both\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this study, GO was synthesized by the modified Hummers method. In this method, graphite powder was mixed with sulphuric acid and NaNO3. Then KMnO4 solution was added under continuous stirring. Excess KMnO4 was removed by H2O2 and the colour of the solution turned to be dark yellow. After proper washing and maintaining pH, the resulting material was dried at 60°C for 12h to obtain GO.\u0000GO was dispersed in ethanol, and 0.387g Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O was added to it. The resulting mixture was sonicated, and a solution of NH3 was added very slowly by maintaining the pH of the solution at ~7. The resulting product was dried at 80°C and then calcined at 500 °C for 2.5 h to get ZnO/GO nanocomposite.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The photodegradation of MG, MB and a mixture of MG and MB was found to be 92.23%, 35.96%, and 66.22%, respectively, in 4−5 h. The degradation of the dyes was found to follow Second-order kinetics with a multilayer absorption phenomenon.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000MB showed less degradation as compared to MG, but its photocatalytic activity enhanced after adding MG. This ZnO/GO nanocomposite seems to be a potential candidate to address the challenges associated with multi-pollutants, such as dyes.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79692117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-14DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666221114094914
A. A. Barzinjy, Venus Nazim Hamadamen
Nanotechnology is a novel and developing arena of science. The building block of nanotechnology is nanoparticles (NPs); their size is less than 100 nm. The NPs are synthesized using two dissimilar approaches, namely top-down and bottom-up approaches. The leading methods for producing NPs are chemical and physical methods and are frequently expensive and hypothetically dangerous to both the surroundings and the user. Consequently, the researchers intended to synthesize NPs using biological ingredients such as plant extracts, bacteria, fungi, algae and yeasts. Nevertheless, the available phytochemicals in plant extracts, compared with other microorganisms, own an extremely extraordinary capacity for metal ions reduction within a short period, which requires a lengthier cultivation time. In this study zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs have been produced utilizing Dill (anethum graveolens) leaf extract. This process is an easy, one-pot, inexpensive and green process, i.e. isolated from utilizing toxic materials. Various characterization techniques have been utilized to inspect structure, size, morphology, chemical composition and optical properties of the ZnO NPs. Various characterization techniques have been utilized to inspect the structure, size, morphology, chemical composition and optical properties of the ZnO NPs. Additionally, the mechanism of formation of ZnO NPs from Dill (anethum graveolens) leaf extract has been explained intensively. Additionally, the mechanism of formation ZnO NPs from Dill (anethum graveolens) leaf extract has been explained intensively. This investigation revealed that Dill (anethum graveolens) leaf extract is a suitable environment for producing nanosize ~27 nm, spherical, monodisperse, wide band gap ~ 3.56 eV, highly crystalline and 1:1 Zn to O ratio ZnO NPs. This investigation revealed that Dill (anethum graveolens) leaf extract is a suitable environment for producing nanosize ~27 nm, spherical, monodisperse, wide band gap ~ 3.56 eV, highly crystalline and 1:1 Zn to O ratio ZnO NPs. none
{"title":"Investigating physical properties and formation mechanism of biosynthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using dill (Anethum graveolens) leaf extract","authors":"A. A. Barzinjy, Venus Nazim Hamadamen","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666221114094914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666221114094914","url":null,"abstract":"Nanotechnology is a novel and developing arena of science. The building block of nanotechnology is nanoparticles (NPs); their size is less than 100 nm. The NPs are synthesized using two dissimilar approaches, namely top-down and bottom-up approaches. The leading methods for producing NPs are chemical and physical methods and are frequently expensive and hypothetically dangerous to both the surroundings and the user. Consequently, the researchers intended to synthesize NPs using biological ingredients such as plant extracts, bacteria, fungi, algae and yeasts. Nevertheless, the available phytochemicals in plant extracts, compared with other microorganisms, own an extremely extraordinary capacity for metal ions reduction within a short period, which requires a lengthier cultivation time. In this study zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs have been produced utilizing Dill (anethum graveolens) leaf extract. This process is an easy, one-pot, inexpensive and green process, i.e. isolated from utilizing toxic materials. Various characterization techniques have been utilized to inspect structure, size, morphology, chemical composition and optical properties of the ZnO NPs. Various characterization techniques have been utilized to inspect the structure, size, morphology, chemical composition and optical properties of the ZnO NPs. Additionally, the mechanism of formation of ZnO NPs from Dill (anethum graveolens) leaf extract has been explained intensively. Additionally, the mechanism of formation ZnO NPs from Dill (anethum graveolens) leaf extract has been explained intensively. This investigation revealed that Dill (anethum graveolens) leaf extract is a suitable environment for producing nanosize ~27 nm, spherical, monodisperse, wide band gap ~ 3.56 eV, highly crystalline and 1:1 Zn to O ratio ZnO NPs. This investigation revealed that Dill (anethum graveolens) leaf extract is a suitable environment for producing nanosize ~27 nm, spherical, monodisperse, wide band gap ~ 3.56 eV, highly crystalline and 1:1 Zn to O ratio ZnO NPs. none","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87647195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-03DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666221103151333
S. Bhatt, Sherry, Jai Bharti Sharma, M. Nireekshan Kumar
To prepare curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for nasal administration using Box-Behnken design. The effectiveness of curcumin in neurological disorders is widely studied by various researchers, but its use is limited due to its poor bioavailability. The brain-targeting efficiency of curcumin can be improved using solid lipid nanoparticles via nasal administration. In present work, Curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (CUR-SLN) were formulated and optimized for nasal administration. In the present work, Curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (CUR-SLN) were formulated and optimized for nasal administration. On the basis of solubility, cetostearyl alcohol as lipid and Poloxamer 407 as surfactant were selected for further studies. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to analyze effects of drug to lipid ratio (X1), surfactant concentration (X2) and homogenization time (X3) on particle size (Y1) & % entrapment efficiency (Y2). The CUR-SLN were formulated by high shear homogenization method. The optimized formulation was evaluated for DSC, TEM, drug release & ex-vivo studies. Based on solubility studies, cetostearyl alcohol and poloxamer 407 were selected as lipid and surfactant, respectively. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to analyze the effects of drug-to-lipid ratio (X1), surfactant concentration (X2) and homogenization time (X3) on particle size (Y1) and % entrapment efficiency (Y2). The CUR-SLN were formulated by the high shear homogenization method. The optimized formulation was evaluated for DSC, TEM, drug release and ex-vivo studies. Good results were obtained for the particle size and entrapment efficiency analyzed using BBD. The optimized formulation of CUR-SLN obtained using BBD was observed with a particle size of 96.09 nm and % EE of 78.23. In-vitro release of the drug was found to be 82.93± 0.15% after 8 hours. DSC studies revealed that crystalline form of curcumin changed to an amorphous form in SLN. TEM results of optimized CUR-SLN were in correlation with the results obtained using a zeta sizer. No harmful effects were observed on nasal mucosa in the histopathology study. Good results were obtained for the particle size and entrapment efficiency analyzed using the BBD. The optimized formulation of CUR-SLN obtained using BBD was observed with particle size of 96.09 nm The SLN can be safely utilized for the intranasal administration of curcumin. The SLN can be safely utilized for the nasal administration of the curcumin. Nasal administration of curcumin-loaded SLN
{"title":"Optimization and Fabrication of Curcumin Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles using Box-Behnken Design for Nasal Delivery","authors":"S. Bhatt, Sherry, Jai Bharti Sharma, M. Nireekshan Kumar","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666221103151333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666221103151333","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000To prepare curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for nasal administration using\u0000Box-Behnken design.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The effectiveness of curcumin in neurological disorders is widely studied by various researchers, but its use is limited due to its poor bioavailability. The brain-targeting efficiency of curcumin\u0000can be improved using solid lipid nanoparticles via nasal administration.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In present work, Curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (CUR-SLN) were formulated and optimized for nasal administration.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In the present work, Curcumin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (CUR-SLN) were formulated\u0000and optimized for nasal administration.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000On the basis of solubility, cetostearyl alcohol as lipid and Poloxamer 407 as surfactant were selected for further studies. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to analyze effects of drug to lipid ratio (X1), surfactant concentration (X2) and homogenization time (X3) on particle size (Y1) & % entrapment efficiency (Y2). The CUR-SLN were formulated by high shear homogenization method. The optimized formulation was evaluated for DSC, TEM, drug release & ex-vivo studies.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Based on solubility studies, cetostearyl alcohol and poloxamer 407 were selected as lipid and\u0000surfactant, respectively. Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to analyze the effects of drug-to-lipid ratio\u0000(X1), surfactant concentration (X2) and homogenization time (X3) on particle size (Y1) and % entrapment efficiency (Y2). The CUR-SLN were formulated by the high shear homogenization method. The\u0000optimized formulation was evaluated for DSC, TEM, drug release and ex-vivo studies.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Good results were obtained for the particle size and entrapment efficiency analyzed using BBD.\u0000The optimized formulation of CUR-SLN obtained using BBD was observed with a particle size of 96.09\u0000nm and % EE of 78.23. In-vitro release of the drug was found to be 82.93± 0.15% after 8 hours. DSC\u0000studies revealed that crystalline form of curcumin changed to an amorphous form in SLN. TEM results of\u0000optimized CUR-SLN were in correlation with the results obtained using a zeta sizer. No harmful effects\u0000were observed on nasal mucosa in the histopathology study.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Good results were obtained for the particle size and entrapment efficiency analyzed using the BBD. The optimized formulation of CUR-SLN obtained using BBD was observed with particle size of 96.09 nm \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The SLN can be safely utilized for the intranasal administration of curcumin.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The SLN can be safely utilized for the nasal administration of the curcumin.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Nasal administration of curcumin-loaded SLN\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88168151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666221031101826
E. Stukova, Alexey Yurievich Milinskii, S. V. Baryshnikov
The research of nanocomposites based on ferroelectrics has been recently stimulated by the discovery of a number of their unique properties. These properties are of particular interest from both fundamental and applied points of view This paper presents the results of comparative studies of the linear and nonlinear dielectric properties of potassium nitrate, embedded from the solution and from the melt into aluminum oxide films with a pore diameter of 100 nm. An E7-25 impedance meter with a frequency range of 25 Hz – 1 MHz was used to investigate the linear dielectric properties. The setup for researching nonlinear dielectric properties has a sinusoidal oscillator with an operating frequency of 2 kHz. The temperature dependences of the permittivity ε' and the third harmonic coefficient γ3ω were measured in the heating and cooling mode. It was found that for a nanocomposite, obtained from the solution, the ferroelectric phase of KNO3 was formed only upon cooling in the temperature range 397 – 360 K. At the same time, when KNO3 was embedded into the Al2O3 film from the melt, the polar phase occurred both upon heating and cooling in the temperature range of 300 – 432 K and 300 – 421 K, respectively. Thus, the conducted studies of the dielectric properties showed a significant difference in the phase transition temperatures for the KNO3/Al2O3 nanocomposites, obtained from the solution and from the melt, compared to the bulk sample. The phase transition shifts during heating had a different sign for the nanocomposites, obtained from the solution and from the melt. The temperature range of the existence of the ferroelectric phase significantly depends on the method of embedding KNO3 into aluminum oxide films. For the nanocomposite, obtained from a solution, the polar phase is formed only upon cooling, whereas when potassium nitrate is embedded from the melt, the polar phase is formed both upon heating and cooling.
{"title":"Dielectric properties and phase transitions of KNO3 embedded in porous aluminum oxide","authors":"E. Stukova, Alexey Yurievich Milinskii, S. V. Baryshnikov","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666221031101826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666221031101826","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The research of nanocomposites based on ferroelectrics has been recently stimulated by the discovery of a number of their unique properties. These properties are of particular interest from both fundamental and applied points of view\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This paper presents the results of comparative studies of the linear and nonlinear dielectric properties of potassium nitrate, embedded from the solution and from the melt into aluminum oxide films with a pore diameter of 100 nm.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000An E7-25 impedance meter with a frequency range of 25 Hz – 1 MHz was used to investigate the linear dielectric properties. The setup for researching nonlinear dielectric properties has a sinusoidal oscillator with an operating frequency of 2 kHz.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The temperature dependences of the permittivity ε' and the third harmonic coefficient γ3ω were measured in the heating and cooling mode. It was found that for a nanocomposite, obtained from the solution, the ferroelectric phase of KNO3 was formed only upon cooling in the temperature range 397 – 360 K. At the same time, when KNO3 was embedded into the Al2O3 film from the melt, the polar phase occurred both upon heating and cooling in the temperature range of 300 – 432 K and 300 – 421 K, respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Thus, the conducted studies of the dielectric properties showed a significant difference in the phase transition temperatures for the KNO3/Al2O3 nanocomposites, obtained from the solution and from the melt, compared to the bulk sample. The phase transition shifts during heating had a different sign for the nanocomposites, obtained from the solution and from the melt. The temperature range of the existence of the ferroelectric phase significantly depends on the method of embedding KNO3 into aluminum oxide films. For the nanocomposite, obtained from a solution, the polar phase is formed only upon cooling, whereas when potassium nitrate is embedded from the melt, the polar phase is formed both upon heating and cooling.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85922468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666221031150449
E. R. Rani, G. Radha
The current investigation contributes in the development of novel Paliperidone (PPD) co-crystals (CCs) using benzamide (BZ) as a conformer. The CCs were synthesized using solvent evaporation technique. The enhancement in solubility was studied by saturation solubility studies. Structural characterization of CCs was performed by Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H- FT NMR) to verify CC formation. CCs exhibited higher aqueous solubility of 2.067±0.004mg/ml when compared to pure drug 0.473±0.012mg/ml. This designated aqueous solubility enhancement of CCs by 4.36 folds. In vitro dissolution data of the CCs exhibited a drug release of 96.5±1.63% in 60min, while pure drug showed a poor release of 37.8±1.76% in the same time period In vivo CCs formed between PPD and BZ present a novel approach in overcoming the hurdles in the solubility of PPD that exhibits poor aqueous solubility.
目前的研究有助于以苯甲酰胺(BZ)为构象的新型帕利哌酮(PPD)共晶(CCs)的开发。采用溶剂蒸发法合成了活性炭。通过饱和溶解度研究来研究其溶解度的增强。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、粉末x射线衍射(PXRD)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、扫描电镜(SEM)和质子核磁共振(1H- FT NMR)对CC的形成进行了结构表征。CCs的溶解度为2.067±0.004mg/ml，高于纯药0.473±0.012mg/ml。这表明CCs的水溶性提高了4.36倍。体外溶出度数据显示，PPD和BZ在60min内的药物释放量为96.5±1.63%，而纯药物在相同时间内的释放量为37.8±1.76%。在PPD和BZ之间形成的体内vocc为克服PPD水溶性差的溶解度障碍提供了一种新的方法。
{"title":"Paliperidone-Benzamide Cocrystals: Preparation, Characterization, In Vitro/In Vivo Evaluation","authors":"E. R. Rani, G. Radha","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666221031150449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666221031150449","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The current investigation contributes in the development of novel Paliperidone (PPD) co-crystals (CCs) using benzamide (BZ) as a conformer. The CCs were synthesized using solvent evaporation technique.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The enhancement in solubility was studied by saturation solubility studies. Structural characterization of CCs was performed by Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H- FT NMR) to verify CC formation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000CCs exhibited higher aqueous solubility of 2.067±0.004mg/ml when compared to pure drug 0.473±0.012mg/ml. This designated aqueous solubility enhancement of CCs by 4.36 folds. In vitro dissolution data of the CCs exhibited a drug release of 96.5±1.63% in 60min, while pure drug showed a poor release of 37.8±1.76% in the same time period In vivo\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000CCs formed between PPD and BZ present a novel approach in overcoming the hurdles in the solubility of PPD that exhibits poor aqueous solubility.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73316983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-31DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666221031103157
Harish Mudila, Shivani Kataria, Ajay Kumar, P. Prasher
Energy generation and utilization had always been a prerequisite for human society, however, in the 21st century and after the pandemic of COVID-19 situations, the importance and demand for energy storage devices had been stretched to the next level. Smart energy storage devices are required to cover this indispensable demand so that the desired energy judiciously can be delivered whenever required. For this immense effort, a variety of materials viz. carbonaceous materials, transition metal composites, conducting polymers, etc. are being employed by the scientific community, which are equipped with advanced performance, flexibility, tunability, portability, and cost-effectiveness. Apart from these specific features, these energy harvesting materials are associated with inherent properties such as high electrical and optical conductivity, which place them as a potential contender to be used in energy harvest and storage devices. These energy storage devices can be based on the electrochemical, electrical, and optical properties of these conductive materials. To be particular, in this review the study is targeted at optically conductive materials. The optical conductivity of a material depends upon the band gap present in the conductive material under investigation, the lower the band gap higher is the chance of optical conductivity. This band gap of the material depends upon factors such as the material used, dopant, solvent applied, etc. This review brings the detail of optically conductive materials, understanding the factors affecting the optical conductivity and the methods to enhancing it so that the variety of applications such as solar cells, optoelectronics, photoelectronic, etc. can be improved.
{"title":"Optical Properties of Novel Materials for Optoelectronic Applications","authors":"Harish Mudila, Shivani Kataria, Ajay Kumar, P. Prasher","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666221031103157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666221031103157","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Energy generation and utilization had always been a prerequisite for human society, however, in the 21st century and after the pandemic of COVID-19 situations, the importance and demand for energy storage devices had been stretched to the next level. Smart energy storage devices are required to cover this indispensable demand so that the desired energy judiciously can be delivered whenever required. For this immense effort, a variety of materials viz. carbonaceous materials, transition metal composites, conducting polymers, etc. are being employed by the scientific community, which are equipped with advanced performance, flexibility, tunability, portability, and cost-effectiveness. Apart from these specific features, these energy harvesting materials are associated with inherent properties such as high electrical and optical conductivity, which place them as a potential contender to be used in energy harvest and storage devices. These energy storage devices can be based on the electrochemical, electrical, and optical properties of these conductive materials. To be particular, in this review the study is targeted at optically conductive materials. The optical conductivity of a material depends upon the band gap present in the conductive material under investigation, the lower the band gap higher is the chance of optical conductivity. This band gap of the material depends upon factors such as the material used, dopant, solvent applied, etc. This review brings the detail of optically conductive materials, understanding the factors affecting the optical conductivity and the methods to enhancing it so that the variety of applications such as solar cells, optoelectronics, photoelectronic, etc. can be improved.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78828879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666221018092035
Bhargav E., Udit Narayan Singh, Haranath C, Chitra Sekhar C, Charitha B, M. Jyothi
The present work aims to increase the saturation solubility and the bioavailability of Olmesartan medoxomil (OM) via an acid-base neutralization-based nanosuspension technique. The initial screening studies revealed that changes in the concentration of HPMC E15 (100-200 mg), mechanical stirring speed (SS) (900-1200 rpm) and stirring time (ST) (60-120 min) affected the responses. Effects produced by the factors (HPMC E15, SS, and ST) on responses (particle size, PDI, and cumulative % drug release (%CDR)) were investigated using a 2!!! !!!fractional factorial design with replicates and four midpoints. For the development of Olmesartan medoxomil nanosuspension, an acid-base neutralization technique was employed. Pareto chart, perturbation plots and ANOVA were used to identify significant factors. The p-value <0.05 indicated the factors to be considered significant. The Particle size and PDI of all formulations ranged from 286.7 nm - 718.1 nm and 0.146 – 0.415, respectively. Drug release from all formulations ranged from74.0-103.7%. Pure drug solubility and optimized formula solubility were reported to be 108.6 g/ml and 1650.72 g/ml, respectively. Contour and 3D surface plots led to the identification of design space in which HPMC E15, SS and ST can be oriented at 148.8-151 mg, 959-1000 rpm and 106-120 min, respectively, to get particle size <500 nm, PDI <0.5 and % CDR >95%.SEM results indicated that the particles were nearly spherical. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies conducted in Wistar rats exhibited ∼4.7 folds enhancement in optimized OM nanosuspension oral bioavailability compared to pure drug. It can be concluded that the selected method and application of the design of the experimentation technique enhanced the saturation solubility and bioavailability of OM.
{"title":"Development, Characterization and In vivo Pharmacokinetic Studies of\u0000Olmesartan Medoxomil Nanosuspension for the Effective Treatment of\u0000Hypertension","authors":"Bhargav E., Udit Narayan Singh, Haranath C, Chitra Sekhar C, Charitha B, M. Jyothi","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666221018092035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666221018092035","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The present work aims to increase the saturation solubility and the bioavailability of Olmesartan medoxomil (OM) via an acid-base neutralization-based nanosuspension technique.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The initial screening studies revealed that changes in the concentration of HPMC E15 (100-200\u0000mg), mechanical stirring speed (SS) (900-1200 rpm) and stirring time (ST) (60-120 min) affected the\u0000responses. Effects produced by the factors (HPMC E15, SS, and ST) on responses (particle size, PDI, and\u0000cumulative % drug release (%CDR)) were investigated using a 2!!!\u0000!!!fractional factorial design with replicates and four midpoints. For the development of Olmesartan medoxomil nanosuspension, an acid-base\u0000neutralization technique was employed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Pareto chart, perturbation plots and ANOVA were used to identify significant factors. The p-value\u0000<0.05 indicated the factors to be considered significant. The Particle size and PDI of all formulations\u0000ranged from 286.7 nm - 718.1 nm and 0.146 – 0.415, respectively. Drug release from all formulations\u0000ranged from74.0-103.7%. Pure drug solubility and optimized formula solubility were reported to be 108.6\u0000g/ml and 1650.72 g/ml, respectively. Contour and 3D surface plots led to the identification of design\u0000space in which HPMC E15, SS and ST can be oriented at 148.8-151 mg, 959-1000 rpm and 106-120 min,\u0000respectively, to get particle size <500 nm, PDI <0.5 and % CDR >95%.SEM results indicated that the\u0000particles were nearly spherical.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In vivo pharmacokinetic studies conducted in Wistar rats exhibited ∼4.7 folds enhancement\u0000in optimized OM nanosuspension oral bioavailability compared to pure drug. It can be concluded that the\u0000selected method and application of the design of the experimentation technique enhanced the saturation\u0000solubility and bioavailability of OM.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77861073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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