Pub Date : 2023-05-07DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230507181111
J. Katyal, C. Sharma, R. Singh
The Finite Difference Time Domain approach has been used to assess the localised surface plasmon resonance and field enhancement for Al nanostars. The structure's potential as a refractive index sensor has been demonstrated. Research on plasmonics has been possible in a variety of domains, including sensors, SERS, solar cells, and others, due to a tenability in the plasmon wavelength caused by a simple change in shape, size, or external environment. The growth of plasmonics has been greatly aided by the creation of novel ways for creating metallic nanostructures and a large deal of work on the creation of numerical algorithms to cope with arbitrarily shaped metallic nanostructures. The LSPR and field enhancement of an Al nano-star were the main topics of this paper. A larger RIS factor is obtained after adjusting the refractive index sensitivity parameter, making it appropriate for refractive index-based sensor nanostructures. This study's primary goal is to provide a comparative analysis of the refractive index sensitivity factor for Al nanostars dependent on their size and number of arms. Al nano star's LSPR and field enhancement have been assessed using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD). By altering the size and number of arms of the nano star, the tenability of the plasmonic peak has been assessed, and it has been found that the peak is sensitive to the ambient dielectric constant. A study has been done on the refractive index sensitivity parameter. A higher sensitivity of about 370 nm/RIU, which is significantly higher than that of other metallic Nanostar (NS), is seen after adjusting the size and number of arms. A wide range of applications is covered by the Al NS field enhancement pattern, which exhibits stronger enhancement with no aggregation at the plasmon peak. For LSPR sensing applications, the impact of modifying the environmental dielectric constant is examined. By changing the size and quantity of the Al NS's arms, we were able to compare the refractive index sensitivity parameter. The bigger size NS exhibits more peaks due to the contribution of the multipole; however, after tuning a number of parameters, better sensitivity in comparison to Au and Ag nanostar has been attained. Al NS can therefore be a promising sensing material for refractive index sensing employing LSPR properties.
{"title":"Aluminum Nano stars with localized surface plasmon resonance and field enhancement","authors":"J. Katyal, C. Sharma, R. Singh","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230507181111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230507181111","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The Finite Difference Time Domain approach has been used to assess the localised surface plasmon resonance and field enhancement for Al nanostars. The structure's potential as a refractive index sensor has been demonstrated.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Research on plasmonics has been possible in a variety of domains, including sensors, SERS, solar cells, and others, due to a tenability in the plasmon wavelength caused by a simple change in shape, size, or external environment. The growth of plasmonics has been greatly aided by the creation of novel ways for creating metallic nanostructures and a large deal of work on the creation of numerical algorithms to cope with arbitrarily shaped metallic nanostructures. The LSPR and field enhancement of an Al nano-star were the main topics of this paper. A larger RIS factor is obtained after adjusting the refractive index sensitivity parameter, making it appropriate for refractive index-based sensor nanostructures.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study's primary goal is to provide a comparative analysis of the refractive index sensitivity factor for Al nanostars dependent on their size and number of arms.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Al nano star's LSPR and field enhancement have been assessed using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000By altering the size and number of arms of the nano star, the tenability of the plasmonic peak has been assessed, and it has been found that the peak is sensitive to the ambient dielectric constant. A study has been done on the refractive index sensitivity parameter. A higher sensitivity of about 370 nm/RIU, which is significantly higher than that of other metallic Nanostar (NS), is seen after adjusting the size and number of arms. A wide range of applications is covered by the Al NS field enhancement pattern, which exhibits stronger enhancement with no aggregation at the plasmon peak.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000For LSPR sensing applications, the impact of modifying the environmental dielectric constant is examined. By changing the size and quantity of the Al NS's arms, we were able to compare the refractive index sensitivity parameter. The bigger size NS exhibits more peaks due to the contribution of the multipole; however, after tuning a number of parameters, better sensitivity in comparison to Au and Ag nanostar has been attained. Al NS can therefore be a promising sensing material for refractive index sensing employing LSPR properties.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73541863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230504115152
Valli Nachiyar Syam Kumar, S. Sunkar, K. S, Jayshree Nellore
Medical nanotechnology is surfacing as a challenging arena covering new biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, treatment, nano diagnosis, controlled drug release, regenerative medicine, and disease prevention. The recent developments in the field of Nanotechnology have enabled the nanostructures to overcome the problems associated with drug delivery making them the promising agents for site-specific drug delivery with reduced side effects and the best treatment outcome. These nanodrug delivery systems are designed in such a way that they can breach the biological barrier and delivery the drug in a site-specific manner. They enhance the effectiveness of drugs by increasing the stability and water solubility of drugs and by increasing the rate at which these nano drug complexes are taken up by the cells and tissues. Dendrimers, nanocrystals, nano-polymer NPs, and liposomes are futuristic nano-based drug delivery systems. Smart polymers are future drug-delivery systems with cutting-edge precise technology that are employed in effective cellular targeting based on temperature, pH, photoresponsive, conductive and magnetic responsive smart polymers, respectively. This review provides a comprehensive view of various nanostructures and their application in drug delivery.
{"title":"Nano Drug Delivery Systems: A Mini-review","authors":"Valli Nachiyar Syam Kumar, S. Sunkar, K. S, Jayshree Nellore","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230504115152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230504115152","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Medical nanotechnology is surfacing as a challenging arena covering new biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, treatment, nano diagnosis, controlled drug release, regenerative medicine, and disease prevention. The recent developments in the field of Nanotechnology have enabled the nanostructures to overcome the problems associated with drug delivery making them the promising agents for site-specific drug delivery with reduced side effects and the best treatment outcome. These nanodrug delivery systems are designed in such a way that they can breach the biological barrier and delivery the drug in\u0000 a site-specific manner. They enhance the effectiveness of drugs by increasing the stability and water solubility of drugs and by increasing the rate at which these nano drug complexes are taken up by the cells and tissues. Dendrimers, nanocrystals, nano-polymer NPs, and liposomes are futuristic nano-based drug delivery systems. Smart polymers are future drug-delivery systems with cutting-edge precise technology that are employed in effective cellular targeting based on temperature, pH, photoresponsive, conductive and magnetic responsive smart polymers, respectively. This review provides a comprehensive view of various nanostructures and their application in drug delivery.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74779613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230428112658
Rama Sharma
The primary cause of death worldwide is an infectious disease, and viruses in particular, have a major worldwide impact on health and economic growth. A critical public health problem is the quick emergence of medication resistance to currently accessible treatments as well as negative side effects from repeated use. Therefore, the creation of novel treatment plans is necessary. In contrast to conventional chemical-based antiviral drugs, the use of nanoparticles offers an alluring potential for the development of innovative antiviral therapies with minimal risk of acquiring drug resistance. Nanomaterials make it simple to change the properties of accessible resources. Nanomaterials can be readily applied to modify the available detection platforms to improve their sensitivity. Due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, NPs readily bind to either the viral membrane proteins or the viral reproduction system (DNA/RNA), thus hindering the virus' ability to infect cells. Viral proliferation has been inhibited by the use of metal nanoparticles (NPs) such as gold, silver, and copper. Copper has repeatedly been examined for its strong anti-microbial qualities due to its lower cost than silver and gold. The virus's inactivation on copper surfaces after 4 hours raises the possibility that copper could be used to destroy the infection. Also, it was discovered that 50% of virus-like particles (VLPs) could be rendered inactive by copper composite nanoparticles in just 10 minutes. The medical community could benefit greatly from sophisticated smartphone and/or LFA-based detection techniques that can be used right at the patient's bedside. This review discusses methods based on nanotechnology for diagnosing and treating viral diseases, especially HIV and influenza.
{"title":"Nanomaterials As Theragnostic Tools of Detection and Fighting off the Virus","authors":"Rama Sharma","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230428112658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230428112658","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The primary cause of death worldwide is an infectious disease, and viruses in particular, have a\u0000major worldwide impact on health and economic growth. A critical public health problem is the quick\u0000emergence of medication resistance to currently accessible treatments as well as negative side effects\u0000from repeated use. Therefore, the creation of novel treatment plans is necessary. In contrast to\u0000conventional chemical-based antiviral drugs, the use of nanoparticles offers an alluring potential for the\u0000development of innovative antiviral therapies with minimal risk of acquiring drug resistance.\u0000Nanomaterials make it simple to change the properties of accessible resources. Nanomaterials can be\u0000readily applied to modify the available detection platforms to improve their sensitivity. Due to their high\u0000surface-to-volume ratio, NPs readily bind to either the viral membrane proteins or the viral reproduction\u0000system (DNA/RNA), thus hindering the virus' ability to infect cells. Viral proliferation has been inhibited\u0000by the use of metal nanoparticles (NPs) such as gold, silver, and copper. Copper has repeatedly been examined for its strong anti-microbial qualities due to its lower cost than silver and gold. The virus's inactivation on copper surfaces after 4 hours raises the possibility that copper could be used to destroy the infection. Also, it was discovered that 50% of virus-like particles (VLPs) could be rendered inactive by\u0000copper composite nanoparticles in just 10 minutes. The medical community could benefit greatly from\u0000sophisticated smartphone and/or LFA-based detection techniques that can be used right at the patient's\u0000bedside. This review discusses methods based on nanotechnology for diagnosing and treating viral\u0000diseases, especially HIV and influenza.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90591880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-28DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230428113045
L. Pei, Chenxu Feng, Qianmin Cong, F. Tao, Jiong Zhou, Zizhan Sun
The separation efficiency of the electron and hole pairs of the BaSn composite nanorods is limited due to a wide band gap energy restricting the photocatalytic treatment ability of the composite nanorods. It is an efficient route to improve the photocatalytic properties of the semiconductor photocatalysts by La2O3 modification. This study aims to synthesize La2O3-modified BaSn composite nanorods through a simple method and research the photocatalytic performance of the La2O3-modified BaSn composite nanorods for crystal violet degradation. La2O3 modified BaSn composite nanorods were synthesized by a facile method using lanthanum acetate as the lanthanum raw material and evaluated by electron microscopy, solid diffuse reflectance spectra, X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence and photocatalytic measurement for crystal violet degradation under ultraviolet light irradiation. BaSn composite nanorods consist of orthorhombic SnO2, monoclinic BaSn(OH)6, and monoclinic Ba(OH)2. La2O3 suppresses the growth of the monoclinic BaSn(OH)6, and orthorhombic SnO2. The La2O3-modified BaSn composite nanorods possess coarse surface covered with the La2O3 nanoscale particles with an average size of about 50 nm. The absorption edge red-shifts to 373 nm and the band gap energy reaches 3.32 eV of the La2O3 modified BaSn composite nanorods compared with the BaSn composite nanorods. 20 mL 10 mg·L-1 crystal violet solution can be entirely removed by 20 mg composite nanorods with 15wt.% La2O3 content under ultraviolet light irradiated for 120 min. The reaction rate constant is 2.4 times higher than that of the non-modified composite nanorods. Hydroxyl radicals and holes are the reaction active substances for crystal violet degradation in the composite nanorod reaction system. La2O3 modification decreases the band gap energy, enhances the light absorption ability, and suppresses the recombination of the electron and hole pairs of the composite nanorods.
较宽的带隙能量限制了复合纳米棒的光催化处理能力，限制了其电子和空穴对的分离效率。La2O3改性是改善半导体光催化剂光催化性能的有效途径。本研究旨在通过简单的方法合成la2o3修饰的BaSn复合纳米棒，并研究la2o3修饰的BaSn复合纳米棒对结晶紫降解的光催化性能。以乙酸镧为镧原料，采用简便的方法合成了La2O3修饰的BaSn复合纳米棒，并通过电子显微镜、固体漫反射光谱、x射线衍射、光致发光和光催化测试等方法对其在紫外光照射下的晶体紫色降解性能进行了评价。BaSn复合纳米棒由正交SnO2、单斜BaSn(OH)6和单斜Ba(OH)2组成。La2O3抑制了单斜BaSn(OH)6和正交SnO2的生长。La2O3修饰的BaSn复合纳米棒表面覆盖着La2O3纳米级颗粒，平均尺寸约为50 nm。La2O3改性BaSn纳米棒的吸收边红移至373 nm，带隙能达到3.32 eV。20 mL 10 mg·L-1结晶紫溶液，用15wt的20 mg复合阳极棒完全去除。在紫外光照射120 min下，反应速率常数比未修饰的复合纳米棒高2.4倍。在复合纳米棒反应体系中，羟基自由基和空穴是结晶紫降解的反应活性物质。La2O3改性降低了带隙能量，增强了光吸收能力，抑制了复合纳米棒的电子对和空穴对的复合。
{"title":"Preparation of La2O3-modified BaSn Composite Nanorods and Photocatalytic Properties toward Crystal Violet","authors":"L. Pei, Chenxu Feng, Qianmin Cong, F. Tao, Jiong Zhou, Zizhan Sun","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230428113045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230428113045","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The separation efficiency of the electron and hole pairs of the BaSn composite\u0000nanorods is limited due to a wide band gap energy restricting the photocatalytic treatment ability of the\u0000composite nanorods. It is an efficient route to improve the photocatalytic properties of the semiconductor\u0000photocatalysts by La2O3 modification.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study aims to synthesize La2O3-modified BaSn composite nanorods through a simple\u0000method and research the photocatalytic performance of the La2O3-modified BaSn composite nanorods for\u0000crystal violet degradation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000La2O3 modified BaSn composite nanorods were synthesized by a facile method using lanthanum acetate as the lanthanum raw material and evaluated by electron microscopy, solid diffuse reflectance spectra, X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence and photocatalytic measurement for crystal violet\u0000degradation under ultraviolet light irradiation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000BaSn composite nanorods consist of orthorhombic SnO2, monoclinic BaSn(OH)6, and monoclinic Ba(OH)2. La2O3 suppresses the growth of the monoclinic BaSn(OH)6, and orthorhombic SnO2. The\u0000La2O3-modified BaSn composite nanorods possess coarse surface covered with the La2O3 nanoscale particles with an average size of about 50 nm. The absorption edge red-shifts to 373 nm and the band gap\u0000energy reaches 3.32 eV of the La2O3 modified BaSn composite nanorods compared with the BaSn composite nanorods. 20 mL 10 mg·L-1 crystal violet solution can be entirely removed by 20 mg composite\u0000nanorods with 15wt.% La2O3 content under ultraviolet light irradiated for 120 min. The reaction rate constant is 2.4 times higher than that of the non-modified composite nanorods. Hydroxyl radicals and holes\u0000are the reaction active substances for crystal violet degradation in the composite nanorod reaction system.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000La2O3 modification decreases the band gap energy, enhances the light absorption ability, and\u0000suppresses the recombination of the electron and hole pairs of the composite nanorods.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74333371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-27DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230427154325
R. Cheggou, K. Ferhah, H. Fraoucene, Ahmed Mougari, S. Sam, Suleyman Rafai, El Hadi Khomeri
The correlation between anodization conditions and the ageing effect on TiO2 nanotubes (TNT) surface has been widely studied in different media and conditions (physiological solutions, mechanical stresses in water, etc.) for the prediction of their behaviour over a long period of time. In the present study, the synthesized TiO2 nanotubes (TNT) from Ti-6Al-4V alloy, which were left unattended and exposed to environmental conditions (i.e., humidity and ambient temperature) for more than 4 years, were investigated to underline any important alteration/changes and ageing effects, on the surface morphology, the surface composition, and the electrochemical behaviour. The nanotubes were made in 2018 by anodization in different potentials (20V, 40V, 50V, and 60V) for different times (30 min, 60 min, 90 min, 150 min and 180 min) in an Ethylene Glycol solution for other purposes. For the surface morphology characterisation, electronic microscopy (SEM) was performed to depict any tendency with anodization conditions: potential and time. The comparison study between the obtained results and the SEM pictures taken on similar samples made and characterized under the same conditions in 2018, reveals a noticeable alteration in the morphology and a change in the TNT’s external diameter. Surface composition was checked using energy dispersive spectrometry (EDXS). The EDXS spectra analysis was realised to investigate the storage time impact on structure surface stability. A drastic decrease in the amount of oxygen was noticed on all of the surfaces where wettability measurements by contact angle were performed to confirm the latter. The verification of the hydrophobicity of TNT surfaces attested that all aged samples are hydrophobic in concordance with EDXS analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). To affirm the surface modification during the storage duration and its impact on the electrical behaviour: cyclic voltammetry (CV), open circuit potential (OCP) measurements, and Tafel plots are undergone on the aged samples and compared with the freshly synthesised samples [1],[2]. The plotted CV curved as a function of the scan rate and the composition of the electrolyte showed a correlation between the different samples electrochemical behaviour and their surface morphologies as well as the existence of surface states for all samples. From the previous characterisation, it was obvious that the sample prepared at 40V over 3 hours showed a remarkable electrochemical behaviour. The ageing effect is closely related to the anodization conditions. It was also noticed that the amount of water in the electrolyte solution EG played a contributing factor in the onset of ageing. High water content causes the formation of nanograss [3] which have a non-negligible influence on the morphology [4],[5]. Exposing nanotube surfaces to ambient conditions without taking any precautionary measures and without knowing their historical anodization conditions can cause
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of long-term ageing effect on the structural and electrochemical behaviour of self-organized TiO2 array nanotubes on Ti-6Al-4V alloy","authors":"R. Cheggou, K. Ferhah, H. Fraoucene, Ahmed Mougari, S. Sam, Suleyman Rafai, El Hadi Khomeri","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230427154325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230427154325","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The correlation between anodization conditions and the ageing effect on TiO2 nanotubes (TNT) surface has been widely studied in different media and conditions (physiological solutions, mechanical stresses in water, etc.) for the prediction of their behaviour over a long period of time. In the present study, the synthesized TiO2 nanotubes (TNT) from Ti-6Al-4V alloy, which were left unattended and exposed to environmental conditions (i.e., humidity and ambient temperature) for more than 4 years, were investigated to underline any important alteration/changes and ageing effects, on the surface morphology, the surface composition, and the electrochemical behaviour.\u0000The nanotubes were made in 2018 by anodization in different potentials (20V, 40V, 50V, and 60V) for different times (30 min, 60 min, 90 min, 150 min and 180 min) in an Ethylene Glycol solution for other purposes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000For the surface morphology characterisation, electronic microscopy (SEM) was performed to depict any tendency with anodization conditions: potential and time. The comparison study between the obtained results and the SEM pictures taken on similar samples made and characterized under the same conditions in 2018, reveals a noticeable alteration in the morphology and a change in the TNT’s external diameter. \u0000\u0000Surface composition was checked using energy dispersive spectrometry (EDXS). The EDXS spectra analysis was realised to investigate the storage time impact on structure surface stability. A drastic decrease in the amount of oxygen was noticed on all of the surfaces where wettability measurements by contact angle were performed to confirm the latter. The verification of the hydrophobicity of TNT surfaces attested that all aged samples are hydrophobic in concordance with EDXS analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).\u0000\u0000To affirm the surface modification during the storage duration and its impact on the electrical behaviour: cyclic voltammetry (CV), open circuit potential (OCP) measurements, and Tafel plots are undergone on the aged samples and compared with the freshly synthesised samples [1],[2]. The plotted CV curved as a function of the scan rate and the composition of the electrolyte showed a correlation between the different samples electrochemical behaviour and their surface morphologies as well as the existence of surface states for all samples.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000From the previous characterisation, it was obvious that the sample prepared at 40V over 3 hours showed a remarkable electrochemical behaviour. The ageing effect is closely related to the anodization conditions. It was also noticed that the amount of water in the electrolyte solution EG played a contributing factor in the onset of ageing. High water content causes the formation of nanograss [3] which have a non-negligible influence on the morphology [4],[5].\u0000Exposing nanotube surfaces to ambient conditions without taking any precautionary measures and without knowing their historical anodization conditions can cause ","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85008384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-17DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230417083119
Sudhanshu Mishra, Smriti Ojha, Saurabh Sharma
Hydrogels are one of the most extensively studied novel drug delivery dosage forms owing to their satisfactory results in drug delivery in various conditions, including pain management, immunomodulation, carcinomas, healing of wounds, and cardiology. A crosslinked polymeric network and an optimum amount of water combine to form hydrogels. Due to their specific properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, hydrophilicity, and non-toxic to biological tissues, hydrogels are demanding biomaterials. Furthermore, due to their programmable physical characteristics, controlled degradation behavior, and capability to preserve unstable medicines from degradation, hydrogels serve as an advanced drug delivery system in which diverse physiochemical interactions with the polymeric matrix containing embedded medications control their release. Despite significant challenges remaining, there has been significant progress in recent years in overcoming the clinical and pharmacological constraints of hydrogels for drug delivery applications This review covers various hydrogel-forming polymers, strategies for crosslinking of gelling agents, and release mechanisms from the hydrogel. Moreover, the current work includes a few marketed hydrogel preparations and patent rights associated with it, describing its mechanism of action against the underlying diseases.
{"title":"Hydrogels As Potential Controlled Drug Delivery System: Drug Release Mechanism and Applications","authors":"Sudhanshu Mishra, Smriti Ojha, Saurabh Sharma","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230417083119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230417083119","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Hydrogels are one of the most extensively studied novel drug delivery dosage forms owing to their satisfactory results in drug delivery in various conditions, including pain management, immunomodulation, carcinomas, healing of wounds, and cardiology. A crosslinked polymeric network and an optimum amount of water combine to form hydrogels. Due to their specific properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, hydrophilicity, and non-toxic to biological tissues, hydrogels are demanding biomaterials. Furthermore, due to their programmable physical characteristics, controlled degradation behavior, and capability to preserve unstable medicines from degradation, hydrogels serve as an advanced drug delivery system in which diverse physiochemical interactions with the polymeric matrix containing embedded medications control their release. Despite significant challenges remaining, there has been significant progress in recent years in overcoming the clinical and pharmacological constraints of hydrogels for drug delivery applications This review covers various hydrogel-forming polymers, strategies for crosslinking of gelling agents, and release mechanisms from the hydrogel. Moreover, the current work includes a few marketed hydrogel preparations and patent rights associated with it, describing its mechanism of action against the underlying diseases.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82115794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-16DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230416150715
N. G. Fundador, Mely Mariz S. Amargo, Ella Angelique M. Bucoya, E. Fundador
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using mangosteen pericarp ethanolic extract (MPEE) as a source of bioreductants and their antimicrobial activity against common foodborne pathogens was evaluated. Characterization of MPEE was conducted using phytochemical screening, total phenolic content analysis, and DPPH (antioxidant) assay. Synthesis AgNPs and optimization studies were monitored using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize the AgNPs, and resazurin microtiter assay was used for antimicrobial testing. Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, quinones, anthraquinones, and tannins were confirmed present in the extract. TPC and IC50 of MPEE were 0.192 mg GAE/mg extract and 0.277 mg/mL, respectively. A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak within 450-403 nm confirmed the formation of AgNPs. At pH 7, the optimum reaction conditions were 45 °C and 3 h. Meanwhile, at pH 9, the optimum reaction conditions were 27 °C and 0.5 h. The sizes of nanoparticles synthesized at pH 7 and pH 9 were 13-35 nm and 7-38 nm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) of AgNPs produced at pH 7 were 1.45, 2.81, and 2.93 ug/mL for S. aureus, E.coli, and B. cereus, respectively. For AgNPs synthesized at pH 9, the MIC90 were 2.93, 3.02, and 5.24 ug/mL, for the same microorganisms, respectively. MPEE was able to successfully synthesize AgNPs. Compared to chloramphenicol, AgNPs exhibited better antimicrobial activity, which can address the growing concern of drug resistance in certain pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, the use of MPEE provides a green and sustainable alternative to synthesizing AgNPs.
{"title":"Plant-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles using mangosteen pericarp extract and their antimicrobial potential","authors":"N. G. Fundador, Mely Mariz S. Amargo, Ella Angelique M. Bucoya, E. Fundador","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230416150715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230416150715","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using mangosteen pericarp ethanolic extract (MPEE) as a source of bioreductants and their antimicrobial activity against common foodborne pathogens was evaluated.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Characterization of MPEE was conducted using phytochemical screening, total phenolic content analysis, and DPPH (antioxidant) assay. Synthesis AgNPs and optimization studies were monitored using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize the AgNPs, and resazurin microtiter assay was used for antimicrobial testing.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, quinones, anthraquinones, and tannins were confirmed present in the extract. TPC and IC50 of MPEE were 0.192 mg GAE/mg extract and 0.277 mg/mL, respectively. A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak within 450-403 nm confirmed the formation of AgNPs. At pH 7, the optimum reaction conditions were 45 °C and 3 h. Meanwhile, at pH 9, the optimum reaction conditions were 27 °C and 0.5 h.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The sizes of nanoparticles synthesized at pH 7 and pH 9 were 13-35 nm and 7-38 nm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) of AgNPs produced at pH 7 were 1.45, 2.81, and 2.93 ug/mL for S. aureus, E.coli, and B. cereus, respectively. For AgNPs synthesized at pH 9, the MIC90 were 2.93, 3.02, and 5.24 ug/mL, for the same microorganisms, respectively. MPEE was able to successfully synthesize AgNPs. Compared to chloramphenicol, AgNPs exhibited better antimicrobial activity, which can address the growing concern of drug resistance in certain pathogenic microorganisms. Furthermore, the use of MPEE provides a green and sustainable alternative to synthesizing AgNPs.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80095876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-13DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230413090403
Aashritha Shenava
Despite the awareness among patients with complete dentures, the risk factor for developing denture related candidiasis is when it is not removed during sleep and cleaned regularly. The routine treatment is an antifungal application, but frequent infection is seen after treatment. Nanotechnology has led the medical field to a cutting edge in most of the treatment aspects of various conditions. Moreover, the assimilation of silver nanoparticles into the polymer can be useful as an antifungal agent. To assess the antifungal efficacy of AgNP’s/ PMMA (silver nanoparticles /polymethlmethacrylate) against Candida albicansstrain and to evaluate the continuous release of silver ions which would increase antifungal mechanism. Chemical methods of synthesis of silver nanoparticles using metal precursors, reducing agents, and stabilizing agents were used because of its convenience and simple equipment. MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) was evaluated along with antifungal efficacy by incorporating PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) discs with silver nanoparticles. Silver ion release was carried out by immersing the PMMA/Ag discs in deionised water for different immersion periods. To assess the antifungal efficacy of AgNP’s/ PMMA (silver nanoparticles /polymethlmethacrylate) against Candida albicans strain and to evaluate the continous release of silver ions which would increase the antifungal mechanisn . In the Independent Sample ‘t’ test, the comparison of optical density between the study groups at 6 months at absorbance A230, A260,A280, A320, A420, and A550 was statistically significant(p<0.05). Chemical method of synthesis of silver nanoparticles using metal precursors,reducing agents and stabilizing agents were used because of its convenience and simple equipment. MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration ) was evaluated along with antifungal efficacy by incorporating PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) discs with silver nanoparticles. Silver ion release was carried out by immersing the PMMA/Ag discs in deionised water for different immersion periods Silver Nanoparticles could be prepared which is cost-effective and can serve as an antifungal agent against Candida albicans. Silver ion release was seen with AgNP’s /PMMA (SilverNanoparticle /polymethylmethacrylate) at 6 months and Group A ( .06M) and Group B (.03 M) was confirmed to be used as an antifungal agent. Silver Nanoparticles could be prepared which is cost effective and can serve as an antifungal agent against Candida albicans. Silver ion release was seen with AgNP’s /PMMA (SilverNanoparticle /polymethylmethacrylate) at 6 months and Group A( .06M) and Group B ( .03 M)was confirmed to be used as an antifungal agent.
{"title":"Silver Ion Release from Polymethylmethacrylate Reinforced with Silvernanoparticles-An In vitro Study","authors":"Aashritha Shenava","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230413090403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230413090403","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the awareness among patients with complete dentures, the risk factor for developing denture related candidiasis is when it is not removed during sleep and cleaned regularly. The routine treatment is an antifungal application, but frequent infection is seen after treatment. Nanotechnology has led the medical field to a cutting edge in most of the treatment aspects of various conditions. Moreover, the assimilation of silver nanoparticles into the polymer can be useful as an antifungal agent. To assess the antifungal efficacy of AgNP’s/ PMMA (silver nanoparticles /polymethlmethacrylate) against Candida albicansstrain and to evaluate the continuous release of silver ions which would increase antifungal mechanism.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Chemical methods of synthesis of silver nanoparticles using metal precursors, reducing agents, and stabilizing agents were used because of its convenience and simple equipment. MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) was evaluated along with antifungal efficacy by incorporating PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) discs with silver nanoparticles. Silver ion release was carried out by immersing the PMMA/Ag discs in deionised water for different immersion periods.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To assess the antifungal efficacy of AgNP’s/ PMMA (silver nanoparticles /polymethlmethacrylate) against Candida albicans strain and to evaluate the continous release of silver ions which would increase the antifungal mechanisn .\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In the Independent Sample ‘t’ test, the comparison of optical density between the study groups at 6 months at absorbance A230, A260,A280, A320, A420, and A550 was statistically significant(p<0.05).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Chemical method of synthesis of silver nanoparticles using metal precursors,reducing agents and stabilizing agents were used because of its convenience and simple equipment. MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration ) was evaluated along with antifungal efficacy by incorporating PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) discs with silver nanoparticles. Silver ion release was carried out by immersing the PMMA/Ag discs in deionised water for different immersion periods\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Silver Nanoparticles could be prepared which is cost-effective and can serve as an antifungal agent against Candida albicans. Silver ion release was seen with AgNP’s /PMMA (SilverNanoparticle /polymethylmethacrylate) at 6 months and Group A ( .06M) and Group B (.03 M) was confirmed to be used as an antifungal agent.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Silver Nanoparticles could be prepared which is cost effective and can serve as an antifungal agent against Candida albicans. Silver ion release was seen with AgNP’s /PMMA (SilverNanoparticle /polymethylmethacrylate) at 6 months and Group A( .06M) and Group B ( .03 M)was confirmed to be used as an antifungal agent.","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74143720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-11DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230411102645
Deesha Kumari, Crystal Runa Soans, S. Shersha, Rahila Mansoor, M. Ravi
The purpose of this study is to examine the evidence for the efficiency of nanoparticles (NPs) incorporated into orthodontic materials (brackets, bonding agents, wires, acrylic resin, and elastics) in order to enhance their antimicrobial properties. A comprehensive search strategy was conducted in electronic databases like PubMed, Cochrane, and Google scholar, books, grey literature like unpublished literature, dissertations, conference reports, etc. Finally, out of all the literature reviewed, a total of 30 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis. For the quantitative analysis, a total of 6 articles were used. Antimicrobial agents such as silver nanoparticles, Titanium dioxide, Silver platinum alloy, zinc oxide and copper oxide, quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate (QADM), Hydroxyapatite crystals, and silver, quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine (QPEI) particles, silica, and titanium have been incorporated in various orthodontic materials. The incorporation of these nanoparticles into orthodontic materials led to a significant increase in the antibacterial capacity when compared to controls used in the various studies. It can be concluded that the incorporation of nanoparticles into orthodontic materials improves their antibacterial properties. Due to the heterogeneity observed across the studies reviewed, further research with standardized study protocols in terms of the size, concentration, and techniques of incorporation of different NPs into various orthodontic materials is pertinent.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Efficacy of Various Nanoparticles in Addition to Orthodontic Material – A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Deesha Kumari, Crystal Runa Soans, S. Shersha, Rahila Mansoor, M. Ravi","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230411102645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230411102645","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The purpose of this study is to examine the evidence for the efficiency of nanoparticles\u0000(NPs) incorporated into orthodontic materials (brackets, bonding agents, wires, acrylic resin, and elastics)\u0000in order to enhance their antimicrobial properties.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A comprehensive search strategy was conducted in electronic databases like\u0000PubMed, Cochrane, and Google scholar, books, grey literature like unpublished literature, dissertations,\u0000conference reports, etc. Finally, out of all the literature reviewed, a total of 30 articles met the inclusion\u0000criteria and were included in the qualitative analysis. For the quantitative analysis, a total of 6 articles\u0000were used.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Antimicrobial agents such as silver nanoparticles, Titanium dioxide, Silver platinum alloy, zinc\u0000oxide and copper oxide, quaternary ammonium dimethacrylate (QADM), Hydroxyapatite crystals, and\u0000silver, quaternary ammonium polyethyleneimine (QPEI) particles, silica, and titanium have been incorporated in various orthodontic materials. The incorporation of these nanoparticles into orthodontic materials\u0000led to a significant increase in the antibacterial capacity when compared to controls used in the various\u0000studies.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000It can be concluded that the incorporation of nanoparticles into orthodontic materials\u0000improves their antibacterial properties. Due to the heterogeneity observed across the studies reviewed,\u0000further research with standardized study protocols in terms of the size, concentration, and techniques of\u0000incorporation of different NPs into various orthodontic materials is pertinent.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84768390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-30DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230330165806
B. R. Jena, S. Swain, Debashsish Ghose, G. K. Rao, A. Sahu
In the last few years, nanozymes have emerged as an adequate substitute for natural enzymes. Recently, much attention has been paid to enzyme-mimic nanomaterials (nanozymes). Because of their distinct characteristics, they are a critical alternative to natural enzymes that can be produced at a subordinate cost and more efficiently. These nanomaterials have enzyme-like activity and have been cast off to detect and treat biomolecules such as DNA, proteins, cells, and tiny molecules such as glucose. Hence, the critical analysis of recent nanozyme is deemed essential for futuristic research, outcome-based results specified to current trends of analytical tools, and several disease monitoring for targeted oncology therapies like circulating tumor cells, MRI, PET, etc. In addition, the multivariate applications of nanozymes for biosensors, immunoassay formation, tumor cell detection with earlier remedies, and environmentally-sound engineering technologies are discussed to climax the modern advancements. The novelty and originality of this current review are to intensify the recent advancement, biomedical applications, types and mimicking activity, biomedical applications of nanozymes, implementation of the chemometric approach in nanozymes, and its futuristic approach. Finally, to promote the understanding of nanozymes and the development of novel and multifunctional nanozymes, we provide a comprehensive review of the nanozymes with their broadest applications and modern technologies involved in targeted drug discovery inventory with other diversified arenas and existing patents indicating future implications.
{"title":"Modern advancements, patents and applications of futuristic nanozymes: a comprehensive review","authors":"B. R. Jena, S. Swain, Debashsish Ghose, G. K. Rao, A. Sahu","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230330165806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230330165806","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000In the last few years, nanozymes have emerged as an adequate substitute for natural enzymes. Recently, much attention has been paid to enzyme-mimic nanomaterials (nanozymes). Because of their distinct characteristics, they are a critical alternative to natural enzymes that can be produced at a subordinate cost and more efficiently. These nanomaterials have enzyme-like activity and have been cast off to detect and treat biomolecules such as DNA, proteins, cells, and tiny molecules such as glucose. Hence, the critical analysis of recent nanozyme is deemed essential for futuristic research, outcome-based results specified to current trends of analytical tools, and several disease monitoring for targeted oncology therapies like circulating tumor cells, MRI, PET, etc. In addition, the multivariate applications of nanozymes for biosensors, immunoassay formation, tumor cell detection with earlier remedies, and environmentally-sound engineering technologies are discussed to climax the modern advancements. The novelty and originality of this current review are to intensify the recent advancement, biomedical applications, types and mimicking activity, biomedical applications of nanozymes, implementation of the chemometric approach in nanozymes, and its futuristic approach. Finally, to promote the understanding of nanozymes and the development of novel and multifunctional nanozymes, we provide a comprehensive review of the nanozymes with their broadest applications and modern technologies involved in targeted drug discovery inventory with other diversified arenas and existing patents indicating future implications.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88205164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：