Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230622100611
V. Agarwal, Nitin Kaushik, S. Goel
The research on poorly aqueous-soluble drugs of BCS class II such as Cilnidipine (CLD) demands significant improvement in their aqueous solubility and dissolution rate. Such requirements may be fulfilled by adapting the nanocrystal approach with considering the various challenges. The prime purpose of this research work was to develop, optimize and characterize the nanocrystal of the poorly aqueous soluble drug (CLD) using the antisolvent-precipitation ultrasonication method. Such a method was followed for rapid re-dispersion of drugs in water with improving their dissolution rate. In this study, the different nanosuspension formulations were prepared using varying concentrations of three stabilizers - Pluronic F-68, Pluronic F-127, and HPMC-15cps, as selected stabilizer candidates. The selected and optimized formulation was followed by a lyophilization process with the incorporation of two selected distinct cryoprotectants - Mannitol and Lactose. The obtained nanocrystals were evaluated for their physical appearance, aqueous re-dispersibility, and particle size. Additionally, the optimized nanoformulation was also evaluated for morphology, dissolution rate, assay, drug entrapment efficiency, and drug loading content. The in-vitro dissolution of optimized drug nanocrystal was done in the phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.8 and compared with bulk CLD and a physical mixture of CLD and pluronic F-68. For optimizing drug nanosuspension, the effect of pluronic F-68 and cilnidipine concentration was investigated, and the optimal values were 0.3% w/v and 5 mg/ml, respectively. Mannitol-containing nanocrystals exhibited a white crystalline powder having a particle size of 154 nm and a good polydispersity index (0.217). Nanocrystals also demonstrated an excellent re-dispersibility in deionized water after manual shaking and no particles were observed at the bottom of the container till 15 days. Such optimized formulation also indicated an increase in dissolution rate in comparison to bulk CLD and their physical mixture with pluronic F-68. It released approximately 72.25% of the drug within 90 minutes while bulk CLD and physical mixture released only 31.24% and 30.37% of the drug, respectively at the same time. The drug assay method indicated that only 92% of the drug was present in optimized nanocrystals after the transformation of nanosuspension into nanocrystals which was less than the initial amount. In this research, the experimental work also analyzed that optimized nanocrystal has only 28.6% of drug loading content. The selected method and cryoprotectant have ability to develop the aqueous re-dispersible nanocrystal for enhancing the dissolution rate and water solubility of CLD-like poorly soluble drugs.
{"title":"Development of Surface Modified and Aqueous Re-dispersible Nanocrystal Using Pluronic F-68 and Suitable Cryoprotectant for Accelerating the Dissolution Rate of Cilnidipine","authors":"V. Agarwal, Nitin Kaushik, S. Goel","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230622100611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230622100611","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The research on poorly aqueous-soluble drugs of BCS class II such as Cilnidipine (CLD) demands significant improvement in their aqueous solubility and dissolution rate. Such requirements may be fulfilled by adapting the nanocrystal approach with considering the various challenges.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The prime purpose of this research work was to develop, optimize and characterize the nanocrystal of the poorly aqueous soluble drug (CLD) using the antisolvent-precipitation ultrasonication method. Such a method was followed for rapid re-dispersion of drugs in water with improving their dissolution rate.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this study, the different nanosuspension formulations were prepared using varying concentrations of three stabilizers - Pluronic F-68, Pluronic F-127, and HPMC-15cps, as selected stabilizer candidates. The selected and optimized formulation was followed by a lyophilization process with the incorporation of two selected distinct cryoprotectants - Mannitol and Lactose. The obtained nanocrystals were evaluated for their physical appearance, aqueous re-dispersibility, and particle size. Additionally, the optimized nanoformulation was also evaluated for morphology, dissolution rate, assay, drug entrapment efficiency, and drug loading content. The in-vitro dissolution of optimized drug nanocrystal was done in the phosphate buffer solution of pH 6.8 and compared with bulk CLD and a physical mixture of CLD and pluronic F-68.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000For optimizing drug nanosuspension, the effect of pluronic F-68 and cilnidipine concentration was investigated, and the optimal values were 0.3% w/v and 5 mg/ml, respectively. Mannitol-containing nanocrystals exhibited a white crystalline powder having a particle size of 154 nm and a good polydispersity index (0.217). Nanocrystals also demonstrated an excellent re-dispersibility in deionized water after manual shaking and no particles were observed at the bottom of the container till 15 days. Such optimized formulation also indicated an increase in dissolution rate in comparison to bulk CLD and their physical mixture with pluronic F-68. It released approximately 72.25% of the drug within 90 minutes while bulk CLD and physical mixture released only 31.24% and 30.37% of the drug, respectively at the same time. The drug assay method indicated that only 92% of the drug was present in optimized nanocrystals after the transformation of nanosuspension into nanocrystals which was less than the initial amount. In this research, the experimental work also analyzed that optimized nanocrystal has only 28.6% of drug loading content.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The selected method and cryoprotectant have ability to develop the aqueous re-dispersible nanocrystal for enhancing the dissolution rate and water solubility of CLD-like poorly soluble drugs.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82531374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-19DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230619153413
Kirankumar B. Balavalad
Silicon has been the most trusted and used material in the fabrication of microelectronics components and systems. Recently, silicon nanowires have gained a lot of importance in the development of devices/components in many applications. SiNWs have unique attributes that are not found in bulk silicon. Their one-dimensional electronic structure provides interesting properties. Unique properties and small dimension (nm) of silicon nanowires have made them to be used as sensing elements in the development of nanosensors and devices. Silicon nanowires are now being extensively used in the development of biosensors, FETs, lithium-ion batteries, transistors, microelectronic chips, and sensors. SiNWs are used in the development of solar cells and photovoltaic batteries, because of their charge-trapping capabilities. The fabrication of silicon nanowires follows chemical etching, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), electron beam lithography, etc. The dimensions of silicon nanowires are highly compatible with the dimensions of biological and chemical species, hence making them more efficient to be used as sensing elements in bio and chemical domains. SiNWs exhibit excellent piezoresistive properties and hence are used as piezoresistors in piezoresistive sensing applications. This article presents a review of SiNWs in the development of sensors. An emphasis is given to the piezoresistive property of SiNWs. The use of SiNWs as a piezoresistor in the development of piezoresistive pressure sensors is also extensively reviewed in this article, along with the unique properties of SiNWs. Typical dimensions and applications of SiNWs are also reviewed. Moreover, this article also explores the fabrication, characterization aspects, and capabilities of SiNWs in the design and development of nanoscale devices/sensors.
{"title":"A Review on Silicon Nanowires and their Use in the Development of Nano Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors","authors":"Kirankumar B. Balavalad","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230619153413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230619153413","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Silicon has been the most trusted and used material in the fabrication of microelectronics components and systems. Recently, silicon nanowires have gained a lot of importance in the development of devices/components in many applications. SiNWs have unique attributes that are not found in bulk silicon. Their one-dimensional electronic structure provides interesting properties. Unique properties and small dimension (nm) of silicon nanowires have made them to be used as sensing elements in the development of nanosensors and devices. Silicon nanowires are now being extensively used in the development of biosensors, FETs, lithium-ion batteries, transistors, microelectronic chips, and sensors. SiNWs are used in the development of solar cells and photovoltaic batteries, because of their charge-trapping capabilities. The fabrication of silicon nanowires follows chemical etching, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), electron beam lithography, etc. The dimensions of silicon nanowires are highly compatible with the dimensions of biological and chemical species, hence making them more efficient to be used as sensing elements in bio and chemical domains. SiNWs exhibit excellent piezoresistive properties and hence are used as piezoresistors in piezoresistive sensing applications. This article presents a review of SiNWs in the development of sensors. An emphasis is given to the piezoresistive property of SiNWs. The use of SiNWs as a piezoresistor in the development of piezoresistive pressure sensors is also extensively reviewed in this article, along with the unique properties of SiNWs. Typical dimensions and applications of SiNWs are also reviewed. Moreover, this article also explores the fabrication, characterization aspects, and capabilities of SiNWs in the design and development of nanoscale devices/sensors.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88120132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-09DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230609152755
S. Bhatt, N. Saini, Manish Kumar
Brain tumor is the deadliest to treat with conventional drug therapy as it has various side effects on patients leading to organ failure. It is difficult to treat brain cancers or deliver drugs to the targeted organ due to the numerous challenges faced. The current cytotoxic drugs have serious side effects, such as causing extreme damage to healthy cells, anemia associated with bone marrow suppression, constipation, small intestine infection, inflammatory responses, immunodeficiency, and multiorgan toxic effects. Low solubility, poor cell penetration, hepatic disposition, narrow therapeutic index, and rapid uptake by normal tissues are also a few challenges. To overcome these issues, it is important to choose plant-based drugs in nano-formulations to inhibit tumor cell growth without harming the normal cells of an individual. The biggest challenge in treating tumors is multidrug resistance, which can be overcome by choosing combination therapies of drugs based on phytochemicals and chemotherapeutic agents, which may lead to minimized adverse effects on patients with brain tumors. Findings: As the use of nano-technology for targeted delivery enhances the performance of chemotherapeutic agents, the drugs with poor characteristics can further be encapsulated in nano-carriers and easily delivered to the poorly accessible areas of the brain. Based on the current progression in nanoformulations, so many new therapeutic approaches are available to provide better therapeutic results. However, there seems to be a multitude of issues that need to be addressed in order to ensure efficient results in treating cancer and thus lessening the fatality rate.
{"title":"Phytochemical-based Nanoformulations for Drug-resistant Brain Cancer","authors":"S. Bhatt, N. Saini, Manish Kumar","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230609152755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230609152755","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Brain tumor is the deadliest to treat with conventional drug therapy as it has various side effects on patients leading to organ failure.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000It is difficult to treat brain cancers or deliver drugs to the targeted organ due to the numerous challenges faced. The current cytotoxic drugs have serious side effects, such as causing extreme damage to healthy cells, anemia associated with bone marrow suppression, constipation, small intestine infection, inflammatory responses, immunodeficiency, and multiorgan toxic effects. Low solubility, poor cell penetration, hepatic disposition, narrow therapeutic index, and rapid uptake by normal tissues are also a few challenges. To overcome these issues, it is important to choose plant-based drugs in nano-formulations to inhibit tumor cell growth without harming the normal cells of an individual. The biggest challenge in treating tumors is multidrug resistance, which can be overcome by choosing combination therapies of drugs based on phytochemicals and chemotherapeutic agents, which may lead to minimized adverse effects on patients with brain tumors. Findings: As the use of nano-technology for targeted delivery enhances the performance of chemotherapeutic agents, the drugs with poor characteristics can further be encapsulated in nano-carriers and easily delivered to the poorly accessible areas of the brain.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Based on the current progression in nanoformulations, so many new therapeutic approaches are available to provide better therapeutic results. However, there seems to be a multitude of issues that need to be addressed in order to ensure efficient results in treating cancer and thus lessening the fatality rate.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79114255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230601103342
S. Mondal, B. Bhattacharjee, Shreyashree Dutta, Torshaa Maity, Sharadia Dey, S. Bhowmick
The terms nanoscience and nanotechnology are associated with almost every major industry in today’s fast growing and fast-moving world. Along with the intense growth of nanotechnology, an extensive number of newer formulations and properties of the surface are produced and developed to contribute to the futuristic demands. Nanofluid is a fluid containing nanometre sized particles which enhance the particular properties of that liquid designed for a particular purpose [1, 2]. From automobiles to simple cosmetics, the use of nanotechnology has significantly increased productivity and effectiveness. As every coin has two sides, the advancement of nanotechnology is a boon, but it is also leading to future disasters. Nanofluids have extensive applications in today’s life. With the advancement of technology, the use of nanofluids has increased significantly. For example, without lubricants, whether it's heavy industrial machinery or common automobile like a bicycle, their efficiency will reduce to a massive extent. Nanofluids are found in the forms of cosmetics and detergents in every household. As nanofluids have become an essential part of human life, for which it is very easily for the nanoparticles present in the fluids, get easily released and disposed of into the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. This alarming rate of release and disposal of nanoparticles leads to environmental pollution and imbalance in the biosphere. This imbalance and high rate of emission of nanoparticles in the atmosphere is eventually entering the interstitium and thus affect the lungs and other organ systems. This study aims to highlight the major effects of nanoparticles on the environment and human health.
{"title":"Impacts of Nanofluids and Nanomaterials on Environment and Human Health: A Review","authors":"S. Mondal, B. Bhattacharjee, Shreyashree Dutta, Torshaa Maity, Sharadia Dey, S. Bhowmick","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230601103342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230601103342","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The terms nanoscience and nanotechnology are associated with almost every major industry in today’s fast growing and fast-moving world. Along with the intense growth of nanotechnology, an extensive number of newer formulations and properties of the surface are produced and developed to contribute to the futuristic demands. Nanofluid is a fluid containing nanometre sized particles which enhance the particular properties of that liquid designed for a particular purpose [1, 2]. From automobiles to simple cosmetics, the use of nanotechnology has significantly increased productivity and effectiveness. As every coin has two sides, the advancement of nanotechnology is a boon, but it is also leading to future disasters. Nanofluids have extensive applications in today’s life. With the advancement of technology, the use of nanofluids has increased significantly. For example, without lubricants, whether it's heavy industrial machinery or common automobile like a bicycle, their efficiency will reduce to a massive extent. Nanofluids are found in the forms of cosmetics and detergents in every household. \u0000As nanofluids have become an essential part of human life, for which it is very easily for the nanoparticles present in the fluids, get easily released and disposed of into the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. This alarming rate of release and disposal of nanoparticles leads to environmental pollution and imbalance in the biosphere. This imbalance and high rate of emission of nanoparticles in the atmosphere is eventually entering the interstitium and thus affect the lungs and other organ systems. This study aims to highlight the major effects of nanoparticles on the environment and human health.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77804869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-26DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230526152322
Sudhanshu Mishra, Nishita Singh, Rahul Maurta, D. Jain
The current research involved the study of chondroitin sulfate polymer to prevent moisture loss, which was formulated to treat dry eye. The ophthalmic formulation was prepared with 5% liquid paraffin wax, 10% carbowax, and 1% glycerine. Furthermore, its usefulness in ophthalmology was analyzed by measuring parameters like pH, isotonicity, turbidity, viscosity, % moisture loss, vapor pressure, and in-vitro and in-vivo corneal damage. We successfully adjusted the pH and osmolality of the F2 formulation to the desired physiological levels, providing the opportunity to reduce the harmful reaction as well as inflammation and dehydration. In addition, viscosity plays an important role in ophthalmic preparation. Consequently, the stability studies of optimized formulation indicated no remarkable changes in physical properties, including pH, viscosity, phase separation, and turbidity. Furthermore, a vapor pressure manometer studied the percentage of moisture loss. Interestingly, the HET-CAM test correlated properly with the findings of the Draize eye inflammation test. Moreover, the in-vivo irritation test of the optimized system showed that it was tolerable, with no signs of irritation in the rabbit eye compared to the marketed formulation. In addition, the F2 formulation demonstrated better results than the marketed corneal preparation. Thereby, from the results, it can be concluded that the simple manometer apparatus can be the best method for evaluating moisture loss prevention for dry eyes. No study or investigation has been reported before for ophthalmic preparation. Altogether, chondroitin sulfate with carbowax 1000 and liquid paraffin-based ophthalmic preparation can be considered a promising approach for preventing dryness of the eye.
{"title":"Preparation and evaluation of medicated formulation for dry eye","authors":"Sudhanshu Mishra, Nishita Singh, Rahul Maurta, D. Jain","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230526152322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230526152322","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The current research involved the study of chondroitin sulfate polymer to prevent moisture loss, which was formulated to treat dry eye.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The ophthalmic formulation was prepared with 5% liquid paraffin wax, 10% carbowax, and 1% glycerine. Furthermore, its usefulness in ophthalmology was analyzed by measuring parameters like pH, isotonicity, turbidity, viscosity, % moisture loss, vapor pressure, and in-vitro and in-vivo corneal damage.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We successfully adjusted the pH and osmolality of the F2 formulation to the desired physiological levels, providing the opportunity to reduce the harmful reaction as well as inflammation and dehydration. In addition, viscosity plays an important role in ophthalmic preparation. Consequently, the stability studies of optimized formulation indicated no remarkable changes in physical properties, including pH, viscosity, phase separation, and turbidity. Furthermore, a vapor pressure manometer studied the percentage of moisture loss. Interestingly, the HET-CAM test correlated properly with the findings of the Draize eye inflammation test. Moreover, the in-vivo irritation test of the optimized system showed that it was tolerable, with no signs of irritation in the rabbit eye compared to the marketed formulation. In addition, the F2 formulation demonstrated better results than the marketed corneal preparation. Thereby, from the results, it can be concluded that the simple manometer apparatus can be the best method for evaluating moisture loss prevention for dry eyes. No study or investigation has been reported before for ophthalmic preparation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Altogether, chondroitin sulfate with carbowax 1000 and liquid paraffin-based ophthalmic preparation can be considered a promising approach for preventing dryness of the eye.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"190 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76950069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-24DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230524145559
Dharmendra Kumar, P. Sharma
Formulation and evaluation of quercetin-loaded nanoparticles Nowadays, polymeric nanoparticles are one of the most chosen drug delivery systems for the treatment of life-threatening diseases such as cancer. Drug loading, drug entrapment, and drug release have been the challenges in nanoformulations till now. Various researchers are working to improve these limitations. Formulation of quercetin-loaded starch nanoparticles .Evaluation of drug loading, entrapment, size release, and activity of prepared starch nanoparticles In the present study, starch was isolated from a novel source, i.e., unripe banana fruit. Banana starch contains amylose and amylopectin in a certain ratio. Quercetin-loaded banana starch nanoparticles were prepared using the nano-precipitation method. Drug loading and drug entrapment were determined by different methods. The enhanced water absorption capacity of prepared nanoparticles proved the breaking of intra-molecular bonding of amylopectin. In-vitro drug release of quercetin was found to be sustained for up to 12 hours from prepared nanoparticles. SEM was used to determine the particle size and morphology of prepared particles, which were found to be 67.67-133.27 and spherical, respectively. The antioxidant activity of prepared nanoparticles was evaluated by the DPPH scavenging model. The MTT assay for cytotoxicity studies was done using H661 lung cancer cell lines. In this research work, banana as a new source of starch was used to prepare quercetin nanoparticles by nano-precipitation method. The various factors of starch that affect the properties of nanoparticles such as water/oil absorption capacity, drug entrapment/loading, and drug release profile were studied. This study also revealed the effect of starch on particle morphology and size. The yield of prepared nanoparticles was lower than expected but particle size and shape were satisfactory. Prepared nanoparticles were evaluated for their antioxidant and cytotoxic potential. Finally, researchers felt the ratio of amylase and amylopectin were considerable factors in the selection of any starch for the formulation of any drug delivery system. This ratio affects the precipitation of nanoparticles, their properties such as oil/water absorption, drug entrapment, and loading as well as the drug release profile of the formulation.
{"title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Quercetin-loaded Banana Starch Nanoparticles","authors":"Dharmendra Kumar, P. Sharma","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230524145559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230524145559","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Formulation and evaluation of quercetin-loaded nanoparticles\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Nowadays, polymeric nanoparticles are one of the most chosen drug delivery systems for the treatment of life-threatening diseases such as cancer. Drug loading, drug entrapment, and drug release have been the challenges in nanoformulations till now. Various researchers are working to improve these limitations.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Formulation of quercetin-loaded starch nanoparticles .Evaluation of drug loading, entrapment, size release, and activity of prepared starch nanoparticles\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In the present study, starch was isolated from a novel source, i.e., unripe banana fruit. Banana starch contains amylose and amylopectin in a certain ratio. Quercetin-loaded banana starch nanoparticles were prepared using the nano-precipitation method. Drug loading and drug entrapment were determined by different methods.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The enhanced water absorption capacity of prepared nanoparticles proved the breaking of intra-molecular bonding of amylopectin. In-vitro drug release of quercetin was found to be sustained for up to 12 hours from prepared nanoparticles. SEM was used to determine the particle size and morphology of prepared particles, which were found to be 67.67-133.27 and spherical, respectively. The antioxidant activity of prepared nanoparticles was evaluated by the DPPH scavenging model. The MTT assay for cytotoxicity studies was done using H661 lung cancer cell lines.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this research work, banana as a new source of starch was used to prepare quercetin nanoparticles by nano-precipitation method. The various factors of starch that affect the properties of nanoparticles such as water/oil absorption capacity, drug entrapment/loading, and drug release profile were studied. This study also revealed the effect of starch on particle morphology and size. The yield of prepared nanoparticles was lower than expected but particle size and shape were satisfactory. Prepared nanoparticles were evaluated for their antioxidant and cytotoxic potential. Finally, researchers felt the ratio of amylase and amylopectin were considerable factors in the selection of any starch for the formulation of any drug delivery system. This ratio affects the precipitation of nanoparticles, their properties such as oil/water absorption, drug entrapment, and loading as well as the drug release profile of the formulation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73330962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230517115957
N. Rani, Prerna Sharma, A. Gangwar, Inderjeet Verma, Aditya Walia
Nanotechnology is a major area of research entitling the production of an utmost different class of materials. There are various types of nanostructures, such as nanoparticles, nanocrystals, nano spores, nanorods, nanowires, nanoribbons, nanotubes, nano scaffolds, dendrimers, quantum dots, nanospheres, and nanocapsules. These are size-dependent; thus, altering their size and shape to the nanoscale can alter their properties. Also, they can be manufactured via various different methods. On a wider scale, in combination, nanostructured materials and nanotechnology can have profound impacts, including biomedical applications with advanced research in the delivery of biomolecules, the delivery of drugs, the diagnosis of cancer, tissue engineering, the detection of biomarkers and imaging. These materials have numerous applications in fabricating biotechnology, an advanced area of research.
{"title":"Role and Application of Nanostructures in Biotechnology","authors":"N. Rani, Prerna Sharma, A. Gangwar, Inderjeet Verma, Aditya Walia","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230517115957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230517115957","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Nanotechnology is a major area of research entitling the production of an utmost different class of materials. There are various types of nanostructures, such as nanoparticles, nanocrystals, nano spores, nanorods, nanowires, nanoribbons, nanotubes, nano scaffolds, dendrimers, quantum dots, nanospheres, and nanocapsules. These are size-dependent; thus, altering their size and shape to the nanoscale can alter their properties. Also, they can be manufactured via various different methods. On a wider scale, in combination, nanostructured materials and nanotechnology can have profound impacts, including biomedical applications with advanced research in the delivery of biomolecules, the delivery of drugs, the diagnosis of cancer, tissue engineering, the detection of biomarkers and imaging. These materials have numerous applications in fabricating biotechnology, an advanced area of research.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"155 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72690421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-17DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230517123150
Krishnendu Pal, S. Mona, Sujata, Bansal Deepak
For biomass production and bioremediation, algae have been extensively exploited for bio-sensing applications in wastewater monitoring. Their advantages include the coupling of suitable bioreceptor for monitoring photosynthesis oxygen, their potential to be integrated into dual transduction miniaturized devices and detect the effect due to pollutants present in water with continuous monitoring of the environment. Microalgae live in water and are photosynthetic microorganisms that are very sensitive and reactive toward any change in the environment. And also able to detect any trace amount of pollutants. The performance of algal biosensors towards pollutants represents a good alternative to other developing sensors. In the algal biosensor, the algal cell is entrapped in galling material (Alginate, Carrageenan) and immobilized cells for stabilization with ions (Ca2+, K+). Genetically modified biosensor overcomes the limitation of natural biosensor. Whole-cell biosensors are highly sensitive to herbicides in wastewater, and many other bioreceptor of algal cells those sensitive to different types of pollutants. The present algal sensor is much smaller, valid support in smart agriculture, environmentally friendly and less expensive, the easily accessible.
{"title":"Mini Review on the Potential of Algal Biosensors in Wastewater Monitoring","authors":"Krishnendu Pal, S. Mona, Sujata, Bansal Deepak","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230517123150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230517123150","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000For biomass production and bioremediation, algae have been extensively exploited for bio-sensing applications in wastewater monitoring. Their advantages include the coupling of suitable bioreceptor for monitoring photosynthesis oxygen, their potential to be integrated into dual transduction miniaturized devices and detect the effect due to pollutants present in water with continuous monitoring of the environment. Microalgae live in water and are photosynthetic microorganisms that are very sensitive and reactive toward any change in the environment. And also able to detect any trace amount of pollutants. The performance of algal biosensors towards pollutants represents a good alternative to other developing sensors. In the algal biosensor, the algal cell is entrapped in galling material (Alginate, Carrageenan) and immobilized cells for stabilization with ions (Ca2+, K+). Genetically modified biosensor overcomes the limitation of natural biosensor. Whole-cell biosensors are highly sensitive to herbicides in wastewater, and many other bioreceptor of algal cells those sensitive to different types of pollutants. The present algal sensor is much smaller, valid support in smart agriculture, environmentally friendly and less expensive, the easily accessible.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87140263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230516155253
Sankha Bhattacharya, Bhagyesh Dugad
Transdermal Drug Delivery (TDD) is a non-painful way of systemically delivering medications by applying a drug formulation to intact, healthy skin. The drug particles’ limitations, including the molecular weight and hydrophilicity, preclude TDD from being exploited extensively. Microneedle arrays (MNA) are an efficient way for medication delivery via the skin. Microneedles enhance medication administration. Microneedles are either long, hollow, or coated. They are designed to target the skin as quickly and safely as possible, without the use of chemical, nanoparticle, or hypodermic injections and without requiring micro-pen or physical strategies. Solid microneedles include micropores, whereas hollow microneedles provide a more profound passage into the dermis. Investigations have been conducted on the use of dissolving microneedles for the delivery of vaccines, while coated microneedles have been utilized to efficiently deliver vaccines. This paper attempts to provide a comprehensive summary of the current state of MNA science, with a focus on methodologies, issues, implementations, and the types of materials lately dispersed by such devices. In addition, some information regarding the components and manufacturing methods is provided. Metals, silicone, ceramics, synthetic materials, and biodegradable polymers, such as carbohydrates, can be utilized to manufacture microneedles.
{"title":"The Microneedle Drug Delivery System and Some Recent Obstacles in its Implementation","authors":"Sankha Bhattacharya, Bhagyesh Dugad","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230516155253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230516155253","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Transdermal Drug Delivery (TDD) is a non-painful way of systemically delivering medications by applying a drug formulation to intact, healthy skin. The drug particles’ limitations, including the molecular weight and hydrophilicity, preclude TDD from being exploited extensively. Microneedle arrays (MNA) are an efficient way for medication delivery via the skin. Microneedles enhance medication administration. Microneedles are either long, hollow, or coated. They are designed to target the skin as quickly and safely as possible, without the use of chemical, nanoparticle, or hypodermic injections and without requiring micro-pen or physical strategies. Solid microneedles include micropores, whereas hollow microneedles provide a more profound passage into the dermis. Investigations have been conducted on the use of dissolving microneedles for the delivery of vaccines, while coated microneedles have been utilized to efficiently deliver vaccines. This paper attempts to provide a comprehensive summary of the current state of MNA science, with a focus on methodologies, issues, implementations, and the types of materials lately dispersed by such devices. In addition, some information regarding the components and manufacturing methods is provided. Metals, silicone, ceramics, synthetic materials, and biodegradable polymers, such as carbohydrates, can be utilized to manufacture microneedles.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86255878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-16DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230516162511
S. K. Sinha, S. Chander, Rekha Chaudhary
The applications based on IoT are nearly boundless, and the integration of the cyber world and the physical world can be done effortlessly. TFET Based IoT applications may be the future alternative to existing MOSFET-based IoT because of the faster switching speed of TFET devices. Prospects and challenges in a simulation study of different Geometries of TFET devices for IoT Applications. In this manuscript, the detailed study of IoT evolution, IoT applications and challenges faced by IoT industries based on different TFET geometries have been elaborated and analyzed. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new prototype that provides a set of new services for new-generation technological innovations. IoT has seized the entire technological world as it can be used in every application like health, security, environmental and biomedical applications etc. The semiconductor TFET devices operating at low supply voltage and consuming the least power are most suitable for IoT applications. The devices like digital inverter, memory, adiabatic circuit, and different shaped TFET are explained as well as compared in tabular form thoroughly In next-generation devices, TFET can be widely used for low-power IoT applications because of the superior switching characteristics performance.
{"title":"Prospects and Challenges of Different Geometries of TFET Devices for IoT Applications","authors":"S. K. Sinha, S. Chander, Rekha Chaudhary","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230516162511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230516162511","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The applications based on IoT are nearly boundless, and the integration of the cyber world and the physical world can be done effortlessly. TFET Based IoT applications may be the future alternative to existing MOSFET-based IoT because of the faster switching speed of TFET devices.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Prospects and challenges in a simulation study of different Geometries of TFET devices for IoT Applications.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this manuscript, the detailed study of IoT evolution, IoT applications and challenges faced by IoT industries based on different TFET geometries have been elaborated and analyzed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The Internet of Things (IoT) is a new prototype that provides a set of new services for new-generation technological innovations. IoT has seized the entire technological world as it can be used in every application like health, security, environmental and biomedical applications etc. The semiconductor TFET devices operating at low supply voltage and consuming the least power are most suitable for IoT applications. The devices like digital inverter, memory, adiabatic circuit, and different shaped TFET are explained as well as compared in tabular form thoroughly\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In next-generation devices, TFET can be widely used for low-power IoT applications because of the superior switching characteristics performance.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88114133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：