Pub Date : 2023-03-29DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230329135019
J. Katyal, C. Sharma, R. Singh
In terms of LSPR and field enhancement, a comparison of gold nanostar and nanosphere has been done. Thanks to developments in theoretical methodologies for understanding plasmonic behavior in nanoscale metallic structures and dependable nanofabrication procedures, complex metal nanostructures can now be exploited for a range of applications. Star-shaped particles have piqued interest due to their plasmonic properties, which enable a greater number of enhanced field locations than simpler forms. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and field enhancement of Gold nanosphere and nanostar were evaluated. The electromagnetic simulations in this study were carried out using FDTD solutions, a product of Lumerical solutions Inc., Vancouver, Canada. Quantitative research was done on the effect of particle size and spike number on peak wavelength. By altering the particle size and amount of spikes, we were able to detect a hot zone around nanostar. For Au nanostar, the peak wavelength for nanostar varies from visible to near-infrared. When compared to a nanosphere of the same dimension, the shift seen in nanostar is substantially higher, making it more suitable for biosensing applications. When the refractive index of the surrounding medium is increased, a red shift in peak wavelength is noticed, forming the basis for a plasmonic refractive index sensor. Aside from having a higher sensitivity, nanostar has a twofold hot spot system due to its unique surfaces. There is no evidence of spike aggregation in the near-field pattern. As a result, it is thought to be a better nanostructure for biosensing applications. The LSPR and field enhancement for Au nanosphere and Nanostar were investigated using the FDTD method. The nanosphere's peak wavelength is in visible region, whereas the nanostar's range extends from visible to near-infrared, depending on the size and number of spikes. At 517 nm, the enhancement factor for a nanosphere was 102, but at 1282 nm, the enhancement factor for a nanostar with six spikes was 108. NA
{"title":"Plasmon Tunability and Field Enhancement of Gold Nanostar","authors":"J. Katyal, C. Sharma, R. Singh","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230329135019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230329135019","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000In terms of LSPR and field enhancement, a comparison of gold nanostar and nanosphere has been done.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Thanks to developments in theoretical methodologies for understanding plasmonic behavior in nanoscale metallic structures and dependable nanofabrication procedures, complex metal nanostructures can now be exploited for a range of applications. Star-shaped particles have piqued interest due to their plasmonic properties, which enable a greater number of enhanced field locations than simpler forms.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and field enhancement of Gold nanosphere and nanostar were evaluated.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The electromagnetic simulations in this study were carried out using FDTD solutions, a product of Lumerical solutions Inc., Vancouver, Canada. Quantitative research was done on the effect of particle size and spike number on peak wavelength.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000By altering the particle size and amount of spikes, we were able to detect a hot zone around nanostar. For Au nanostar, the peak wavelength for nanostar varies from visible to near-infrared. When compared to a nanosphere of the same dimension, the shift seen in nanostar is substantially higher, making it more suitable for biosensing applications. When the refractive index of the surrounding medium is increased, a red shift in peak wavelength is noticed, forming the basis for a plasmonic refractive index sensor. Aside from having a higher sensitivity, nanostar has a twofold hot spot system due to its unique surfaces. There is no evidence of spike aggregation in the near-field pattern. As a result, it is thought to be a better nanostructure for biosensing applications.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The LSPR and field enhancement for Au nanosphere and Nanostar were investigated using the FDTD method. The nanosphere's peak wavelength is in visible region, whereas the nanostar's range extends from visible to near-infrared, depending on the size and number of spikes. At 517 nm, the enhancement factor for a nanosphere was 102, but at 1282 nm, the enhancement factor for a nanostar with six spikes was 108.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000NA\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85381421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-28DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230328120422
Y. Attia, Gamal El-ghannam
Nanolubricants are substances that use nanoparticles as lubricant additives. The proposal for wear reduction has piqued interest in nanolubricants. Particle agglomeration is the main drawback of using nanomaterials as lubricating oil additives, and creating novel nanolubricants is one of the most difficult challenges. Evaluation of the nano β-MnO2 nanorods as nanoadditives for enhancing lubricating oil characteristics. After producing β-MnO2 nanorods by a modified hydrothermal process, oleic acid was used to modify their surfaces. Next, the physical and tribological characteristics of lubricating oil before and after the addition of nanoadditives were assessed. The physical parameters of lubricating oil, including flash point, pour point, thermal stability, antiwear ability, and viscosity, were all improved by varying concentrations of surface-modified MnO2 nanorods by rates 8.19%, 50%, 63.04%, 10.9%, 8.96% at 40ºC and 4.18% at 100ºC, respectively. The findings demonstrate that the shear strain is reduced and an anti-wear boundary coating is created as a result of the deposition of nanoparticles produced by tribochemical reaction products during the friction process. The development of a protective film using nanoadditives improves lubricant requirements, ushering in a revolution in the lubricant industry.
{"title":"Surface modification of β-MnO2 nanorods as nanolubricant","authors":"Y. Attia, Gamal El-ghannam","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230328120422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230328120422","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Nanolubricants are substances that use nanoparticles as lubricant additives. The proposal for wear reduction has piqued interest in nanolubricants. Particle agglomeration is the main drawback of using nanomaterials as lubricating oil additives, and creating novel nanolubricants is one of the most difficult challenges.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Evaluation of the nano β-MnO2 nanorods as nanoadditives for enhancing lubricating oil characteristics.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000After producing β-MnO2 nanorods by a modified hydrothermal process, oleic acid was used to modify their surfaces. Next, the physical and tribological characteristics of lubricating oil before and after the addition of nanoadditives were assessed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The physical parameters of lubricating oil, including flash point, pour point, thermal stability, antiwear ability, and viscosity, were all improved by varying concentrations of surface-modified MnO2 nanorods by rates 8.19%, 50%, 63.04%, 10.9%, 8.96% at 40ºC and 4.18% at 100ºC, respectively. The findings demonstrate that the shear strain is reduced and an anti-wear boundary coating is created as a result of the deposition of nanoparticles produced by tribochemical reaction products during the friction process.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The development of a protective film using nanoadditives improves lubricant requirements, ushering in a revolution in the lubricant industry.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86132298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development and applications of biological products have been seriously hindered by conventional immobilization for its low efficiency and high cost. The immobilization of solid supports is an area of intense research due to their widespread use in synthetic chemistry and various industries. This paper highlights a great interest in the adsorption of an enzyme on the solid porous structured material and the design of new controlled delivery systems. The enzyme immobilized on solid supports and synthetic materials of the reaction mixture with strong mechanical force and easy separation serves as a high selective catalyst. A novel protein delivery system for hemoglobin (Hb) enzyme was proposed by incorporating the molecular molecules into the mesopores of well-ordered hexagonal nanometer MCM (Mobil Composition of Matters) - 41. The prepared adsorbents were successfully applied to the design and synthesis of new functionalization materials. Various parameters affecting adsorption process, such as adsorption time, adsorption isotherm, and the reusability of adsorbent, were investigated. The interaction between Hb and MCM-41 was investigated using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible solid diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and 77 K low-temperature N2 adsorption-desorption study. The experimental parameters were optimized, including the concentrations of Hb, the MCM-41 amount, and the interior surface of phenyl-functionalized MCM-41 materials. Under the optimized conditions, the biocatalytic performance was studied for Hb/MCM-41 and Hb/Ph-(MCM-41). The adsorption process of Hb by MCM-41 / Ph-(MCM-41) was in agreement with the quasi-two-order kinetic model. Process of Hb adsorption by MCM-41 / Ph-(MCM-41) belongs to an exothermic reaction, the reaction is not reversible at 4 ℃ and it is a spontaneous reaction. The Freundlich model can better describe the adsorption of hemoglobin on MCM-41 / Ph-(MCM-41). During the desorption process of composite (MCM-41)-Hb / [Ph-(MCM-41)]-Hb in 0.1 mol/L NaOH solution, the desorption rate can reach above 70% at 2 min. At 60 min, the desorption reached equilibrium and the desorption rates were 99.58% and 91.36%, respectively. The reuse activity experimental results indicated that the immobilized enzyme exhibited high catalytic activity. Reusability stability studies suggested that the prepared composites retained their activity even after five recycling runs. This shows that the phenylation of MCM-41 reduced the "leakage" of enzyme in the main material. The results of the present study demonstrated that Hb/MCM-41 and Hb/Ph-(MCM-41) are highly efficient potential nanobiocatalysts for the immobilization of enzymes onto mesoporous materials. The adsorption process of Hb by MCM-41 / Ph-(MCM-41) was in agreement with the quasi-two-order kinetic model. The reuse activity experimental results indicated that the immobilized enzyme exhibited high catalytic activity. Reusab
{"title":"Evaluating Immobilization of Hemoglobin onto Nanomesoporous MCM-41","authors":"Q. Zhai, Qing-Shuang Wang, Xiangning Zhang, Xiang-Ru Feng","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230321120644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230321120644","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The development and applications of biological products have been seriously hindered by conventional immobilization for its low efficiency and high cost. The immobilization of solid supports is an area of intense research due to their widespread use in synthetic chemistry and various industries. This paper highlights a great interest in the adsorption of an enzyme on the solid porous structured material and the design of new controlled delivery systems. The enzyme immobilized on solid supports and synthetic materials of the reaction mixture with strong mechanical force and easy separation serves as a high selective catalyst.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A novel protein delivery system for hemoglobin (Hb) enzyme was proposed by incorporating the molecular molecules into the mesopores of well-ordered hexagonal nanometer MCM (Mobil Composition of Matters) - 41. The prepared adsorbents were successfully applied to the design and synthesis of new functionalization materials. Various parameters affecting adsorption process, such as adsorption time, adsorption isotherm, and the reusability of adsorbent, were investigated.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The interaction between Hb and MCM-41 was investigated using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible solid diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and 77 K low-temperature N2 adsorption-desorption study.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The experimental parameters were optimized, including the concentrations of Hb, the MCM-41 amount, and the interior surface of phenyl-functionalized MCM-41 materials. Under the optimized conditions, the biocatalytic performance was studied for Hb/MCM-41 and Hb/Ph-(MCM-41). The adsorption process of Hb by MCM-41 / Ph-(MCM-41) was in agreement with the quasi-two-order kinetic model. Process of Hb adsorption by MCM-41 / Ph-(MCM-41) belongs to an exothermic reaction, the reaction is not reversible at 4 ℃ and it is a spontaneous reaction. The Freundlich model can better describe the adsorption of hemoglobin on MCM-41 / Ph-(MCM-41). During the desorption process of composite (MCM-41)-Hb / [Ph-(MCM-41)]-Hb in 0.1 mol/L NaOH solution, the desorption rate can reach above 70% at 2 min. At 60 min, the desorption reached equilibrium and the desorption rates were 99.58% and 91.36%, respectively. The reuse activity experimental results indicated that the immobilized enzyme exhibited high catalytic activity. Reusability stability studies suggested that the prepared composites retained their activity even after five recycling runs. This shows that the phenylation of MCM-41 reduced the \"leakage\" of enzyme in the main material.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results of the present study demonstrated that Hb/MCM-41 and Hb/Ph-(MCM-41) are highly efficient potential nanobiocatalysts for the immobilization of enzymes onto mesoporous materials.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The adsorption process of Hb by MCM-41 / Ph-(MCM-41) was in agreement with the quasi-two-order kinetic model. The reuse activity experimental results indicated that the immobilized enzyme exhibited high catalytic activity. Reusab","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86029683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-16DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230316144347
Manohar G Chaskar, Anirban Ghosh, Mayura Lolage
Precipitated Silica has very high commercial significance in terms of ease of preparation, market volume, cost benefits and a wide range of industrial applications. The surface silanol groups of Precipitated Silica can be modified with reactive organic functional groups to achieve desired properties for specific applications, including catalysis. The objective of this study is to demonstrate sulfonic acid functionalized Precipitated Silica as a true heterogeneous catalyst in acetylation reaction, where the catalytic activity and desired product selectivity is a magnitude higher than industrial solid acid zeolite catalysts as well as similar catalysts reported in literature. To demonstrate sulfonic acid functionalized Precipitated Silica as a true heterogeneous catalyst in acetylation reaction, where the catalytic activity and desired product selectivity is a magnitude higher than industrial solid acid zeolite catalysts. A novel and cost-effective method for the functionalization of Precipitated Silica with sulfonic acid (–SO3H) is reported, where the silica nanoparticles are first functionalized in situ with a tetrasulfide organosilane, followed by oxidation of the tetrasulfide moiety to –SO3H groups, which are grafted to the surface silanol groups through covalent linkage. A novel and cost-effective method for functionalization of Precipitated Silica with sulfonic acid (–SO3H) is reported, where the silica nanoparticles are first functionalized in situ with a tetrasulfide organosilane, followed by oxidation of the tetrasulfide moiety to –SO3H groups, which are grafted to the surface silanol groups through covalent linkage. CHNS analyses and XPS prove successful functionalization of –SO3H group onto the nano silica surface. The resultant material acts as a solid acid catalyst and shows exceptional activity in the acetylation of benzyl alcohol and >99% selectivity towards the desired product benzyl acetate. The resultant material can also be recycled and reused several times. The following factors make sulfonic acid functionalized Precipitated Silica a new generation of solid acid catalyst; (i) higher atom economy, (ii) recyclability and reusability, and (iii) significant cost benefits with respect to industrial catalysts. The following factors make sulfonic acid functionalized Precipitated Silica a new generation of solid acid catalyst; (i) higher atom economy, (ii) recyclability and reusability, and (iii) significant cost benefits with respect to industrial catalysts. NA
{"title":"Sulfonic acid functionalized Precipitated Silica as efficient solid acid catalyst for acetylation reactions","authors":"Manohar G Chaskar, Anirban Ghosh, Mayura Lolage","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230316144347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230316144347","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Precipitated Silica has very high commercial significance in terms of ease of preparation, market volume, cost benefits and a wide range of industrial applications. The surface silanol groups of Precipitated Silica can be modified with reactive organic functional groups to achieve desired properties for specific applications, including catalysis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The objective of this study is to demonstrate sulfonic acid functionalized Precipitated Silica as a true heterogeneous catalyst in acetylation reaction, where the catalytic activity and desired product selectivity is a magnitude higher than industrial solid acid zeolite catalysts as well as similar catalysts reported in literature.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To demonstrate sulfonic acid functionalized Precipitated Silica as a true heterogeneous catalyst in acetylation reaction, where the catalytic activity and desired product selectivity is a magnitude higher than industrial solid acid zeolite catalysts.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A novel and cost-effective method for the functionalization of Precipitated Silica with sulfonic acid (–SO3H) is reported, where the silica nanoparticles are first functionalized in situ with a tetrasulfide organosilane, followed by oxidation of the tetrasulfide moiety to –SO3H groups, which are grafted to the surface silanol groups through covalent linkage.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A novel and cost-effective method for functionalization of Precipitated Silica with sulfonic acid (–SO3H) is reported, where the silica nanoparticles are first functionalized in situ with a tetrasulfide organosilane, followed by oxidation of the tetrasulfide moiety to –SO3H groups, which are grafted to the surface silanol groups through covalent linkage.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000CHNS analyses and XPS prove successful functionalization of –SO3H group onto the nano silica surface. The resultant material acts as a solid acid catalyst and shows exceptional activity in the acetylation of benzyl alcohol and >99% selectivity towards the desired product benzyl acetate. The resultant material can also be recycled and reused several times.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The following factors make sulfonic acid functionalized Precipitated Silica a new generation of solid acid catalyst; (i) higher atom economy, (ii) recyclability and reusability, and (iii) significant cost benefits with respect to industrial catalysts.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The following factors make sulfonic acid functionalized Precipitated Silica a new generation of solid acid catalyst; (i) higher atom economy, (ii) recyclability and reusability, and (iii) significant cost benefits with respect to industrial catalysts.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000NA\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"52 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72575470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-01DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230301152349
S. Gawande, Prashil U. Sarode, J. G. Raul, A. Gaikwad
The need for lightweight materials is increasing at a faster rate in the engineering field. It demands materials with high strength, low weight, and properties like ductility and formability which are required for easier processing of the material. When conventional pure metals and alloys failed to meet this demand, many researchers turned their attention toward developing composites. Composites can be fabricated from metal, polymer, and ceramic as base materials which are known as metal matrix composites (MMC), polymer matrix composites (PMC), and ceramic matrix composites (CMC), MMC are of special importance due to properties like strength, stiffness, and formability which are difficult to obtain from PMC and CMC. Even though conventional composites with micron-size reinforcement have enhanced certain properties like strength, hardness, and wear resistance, it deteriorated other desirable properties like ductility. To overcome these limitations of micro-composites, a new category of materials known as nanocomposite has been developed. Nano composites are materials that contain nano-scale reinforcement in different forms. This review article summarizes the recent progress in the field of metal matrix Nano composite (MMNC). Methods of fabrication which are applicable for metal alloys and micro-composites are mostly not suitable for nanocomposite fabrication, the recently developed fabrication process which are applicable for MMNC’s are discussed in this article. The effects of added nano reinforcement on the microstructure are also discussed with suitable examples. Enhancements in mechanical, tribological, and physical properties are explained in depth with the help of recently published data. Strengthening mechanisms are described with the help of empirical relations. Although industrial applications of metal matrix nano composites are limited due to the ongoing developments in this field, a few important potential application areas are also discussed at the end of this article.
{"title":"Metal Matrix Nanocomposites: A Brief Overview","authors":"S. Gawande, Prashil U. Sarode, J. G. Raul, A. Gaikwad","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230301152349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230301152349","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The need for lightweight materials is increasing at a faster rate in the engineering field. It demands materials with high strength, low weight, and properties like ductility and formability which are required for easier processing of the material. When conventional pure metals and alloys failed to meet this demand, many researchers turned their attention toward developing composites. Composites can be fabricated from metal, polymer, and ceramic as base materials which are known as metal matrix composites (MMC), polymer matrix composites (PMC), and ceramic matrix composites (CMC), MMC are of special importance due to properties like strength, stiffness, and formability which are difficult to obtain from PMC and CMC. Even though conventional composites with micron-size reinforcement have enhanced certain properties like strength, hardness, and wear resistance, it deteriorated other desirable properties like ductility. To overcome these limitations of micro-composites, a new category of materials known as nanocomposite has been developed. Nano composites are materials that contain nano-scale reinforcement in different forms. This review article summarizes the recent progress in the field of metal matrix Nano composite (MMNC). Methods of fabrication which are applicable for metal alloys and micro-composites are mostly not suitable for nanocomposite fabrication, the recently developed fabrication process which are applicable for MMNC’s are discussed in this article. The effects of added nano reinforcement on the microstructure are also discussed with suitable examples. Enhancements in mechanical, tribological, and physical properties are explained in depth with the help of recently published data. Strengthening mechanisms are described with the help of empirical relations. Although industrial applications of metal matrix nano composites are limited due to the ongoing developments in this field, a few important potential application areas are also discussed at the end of this article.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86827757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-27DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230227150930
Sheetu Wadhwa, Shaik Rahana Parveen, S. Singh, B. Kapoor, P. Rani, S. Vishwas
Chrysin, a flavonoid, occurs naturally in plants and possesses many pharmacological actions, but there is a lack of suitable analytical methods for its estimation. To develop a simple analytical method and validate it for the estimation of chrysin using reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). To develop a simple analytical method and validate it for estimation of Chrysin using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Isocratic elution was carried out in methanol and 0.1% v/v formic acid in a 70:30 ratio using a C-18 reverse-phase column. The flow rate was set to 1 mL min-1 and the detection wavelength at 268 nm. As per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines, the developed method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, system suitability, and robustness. Isocratic elution was carried out in methanol and 0.1% v/v formic acid in 70:30 ratio using C-18 reverse-phase column. The flow rate was set to 1 mL min-1 and detection wavelength at 268 nm. As per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines, the developed method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, system suitability and robustness. The retention time of Chrysin was found at 10.269 min. In the concentration range of 2-10 g/mL, the developed method was linear with a regression coefficient (R2) value of 0.998. The mean percentage recovery of chrysin was found within 95-105% at all three levels, which confirms that the developed method was accurate. Moreover, the % RSD was found to be less than 2% confirming that the developed method was precise. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 0.071 and 0.217 µg/mL. Moreover, the validated method was robust with no significant changes in response to variation in flow rate, mobile phase composition, wavelength, and different lots of columns. It was concluded that the developed method has passed all validation tests and was successfully applied to estimate the presence of Chrysin in bulk as well as in pharmaceutical formulations. It was concluded that the developed method has passed all the validation tests and successfully applied to estimate the presence of Chrysin in bulk as well as in pharmaceutical formulations.
黄菊花素是一种黄酮类化合物，天然存在于植物中，具有多种药理作用，但缺乏合适的分析方法。建立一种简便的反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)分析方法，并对其进行验证。建立一种简便的反相高效液相色谱法测定菊花素的方法并进行验证。采用C-18反相柱，甲醇和0.1% v/v甲酸以70:30的比例进行等温洗脱。流速为1 mL min-1，检测波长为268 nm。根据ICH Q2 (R1)指南，所开发的方法在准确性、精密度、系统适用性和鲁棒性方面进行了验证。采用C-18反相柱，甲醇和0.1% v/v甲酸以70:30的比例进行等压洗脱。流速为1 mL min-1，检测波长为268 nm。根据ICH Q2 (R1)指南，所开发的方法在准确性、精密度、系统适用性和鲁棒性方面进行了验证。在2 ~ 10g/mL的浓度范围内，该方法具有良好的线性关系，回归系数(R2)为0.998。3个水平的平均回收率在95 ~ 105%之间，证实了该方法的准确性。RSD < 2%，证实了该方法的精密度。检测限和定量限分别为0.071和0.217µg/mL。验证的方法具有较好的鲁棒性，对流速、流动相组成、波长和不同色谱柱数量的影响不显著。结果表明，所建立的方法通过了所有的验证试验，并成功地应用于估计原料药和制剂中菊花素的存在。结果表明，所建立的方法通过了所有的验证试验，并成功地应用于原料药和制剂中黄菊花素的鉴定。
{"title":"Validated Rp-Hplc Method For Estimation Of Chrysin In Bulk Form And Nanostructured Lipid Carriers For Topical Application","authors":"Sheetu Wadhwa, Shaik Rahana Parveen, S. Singh, B. Kapoor, P. Rani, S. Vishwas","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230227150930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230227150930","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Chrysin, a flavonoid, occurs naturally in plants and possesses many pharmacological actions, but there is a lack of suitable analytical methods for its estimation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To develop a simple analytical method and validate it for the estimation of chrysin using reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To develop a simple analytical method and validate it for estimation of Chrysin using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Isocratic elution was carried out in methanol and 0.1% v/v formic acid in a 70:30 ratio using a C-18 reverse-phase column. The flow rate was set to 1 mL min-1 and the detection wavelength at 268 nm. As per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines, the developed method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, system suitability, and robustness.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Isocratic elution was carried out in methanol and 0.1% v/v formic acid in 70:30 ratio using C-18 reverse-phase column. The flow rate was set to 1 mL min-1 and detection wavelength at 268 nm. As per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines, the developed method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, system suitability and robustness.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The retention time of Chrysin was found at 10.269 min. In the concentration range of 2-10 g/mL, the developed method was linear with a regression coefficient (R2) value of 0.998. The mean percentage recovery of chrysin was found within 95-105% at all three levels, which confirms that the developed method was accurate. Moreover, the % RSD was found to be less than 2% confirming that the developed method was precise. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 0.071 and 0.217 µg/mL. Moreover, the validated method was robust with no significant changes in response to variation in flow rate, mobile phase composition, wavelength, and different lots of columns.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000It was concluded that the developed method has passed all validation tests and was successfully applied to estimate the presence of Chrysin in bulk as well as in pharmaceutical formulations.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000It was concluded that the developed method has passed all the validation tests and successfully applied to estimate the presence of Chrysin in bulk as well as in pharmaceutical formulations.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80854087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-27DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230227111805
L. Undugoda, Yohan Jayaweera, C. Sandaruwan, G. Priyadarshana
Food is a basic need of every living being in the world. Food production and demand do not match well in many countries due to social, technical, and technological factors. Therefore, food industries need to be developed beyond their limits. The introduction of nanotechnology to the food industry can expand the capabilities in terms of food processing and preservation aspects directly. Furthermore, nanotechnology facilitates better thermal stability, better solubility, food security, preservation capabilities, and novel and high bioavailability foods. It is a nanometer-scale technology that operates with materials having a size range of 1-100 nanometers. This review focuses on the recent approaches to nanotechnology in the food industries. For instance, enhancement of bioavailability of food using nanoencapsulation, nano emulsification, and nanoprecipitation, nanomaterials in food packaging applications such as active packaging, improved packaging, smart packaging, antimicrobial properties of different nanomaterials, application of nanotechnology on food pathogen detection, safety issues, and future trends are the key components of this review. Recent studies and research have shown the positive results of nanotechnology and proven their importance and possibilities in contributing to the food sector. However, there are some safety concerns about nanotechnology-related applications. Therefore, lots of research are conducted on the potential risk of nanoparticles on essential organs such as the brain, liver, kidney, epididymis, testis, ovary, and uterus-like organs. Moreover, the safety issues of nanotechnology on human health, such as DNA damage, oxidative stress, cell shrinkage, cytoplasmic density increment, and apoptotic body appearance, have been reported due to some nanoparticles, including silver, titanium, and zinc oxide.
{"title":"Nanotechnology Trends in Food Processing and Food Packaging","authors":"L. Undugoda, Yohan Jayaweera, C. Sandaruwan, G. Priyadarshana","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230227111805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230227111805","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Food is a basic need of every living being in the world. Food production and demand do not match well in many countries due to social, technical, and technological factors. Therefore, food industries need to be developed beyond their limits. The introduction of nanotechnology to the food industry can expand the capabilities in terms of food processing and preservation aspects directly. Furthermore, nanotechnology facilitates better thermal stability, better solubility, food security, preservation capabilities, and novel and high bioavailability foods. It is a nanometer-scale technology that operates with materials having a size range of 1-100 nanometers. This review focuses on the recent approaches to nanotechnology in the food industries. For instance, enhancement of bioavailability of food using nanoencapsulation, nano emulsification, and nanoprecipitation, nanomaterials in food packaging applications such as active packaging, improved packaging, smart packaging, antimicrobial properties of different nanomaterials, application of nanotechnology on food pathogen detection, safety issues, and future trends are the key components of this review. Recent studies and research have shown the positive results of nanotechnology and proven their importance and possibilities in contributing to the food sector. However, there are some safety concerns about nanotechnology-related applications. Therefore, lots of research are conducted on the potential risk of nanoparticles on essential organs such as the brain, liver, kidney, epididymis, testis, ovary, and uterus-like organs. Moreover, the safety issues of nanotechnology on human health, such as DNA damage, oxidative stress, cell shrinkage, cytoplasmic density increment, and apoptotic body appearance, have been reported due to some nanoparticles, including silver, titanium, and zinc oxide.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83667009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a new emerging nanotechnology that has been proven to be an improved alternative to complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. It consists of a group of cells that can perform computational functions when combined and arranged in a particular manner. The Flip-Flops are widely affiliated with the circuits of logical and arithmetic unit structures that are used for the processors. Data (D) Flip-Flop is the most important and widely used Flip-Flop among all different types due to its better performance and efficiency. Hence, an efficient D Flip-Flop needs to be developed using QCA nanotechnology. This paper proposes a new design for D Flip-Flop in QCA nanotechnology. The proposed D Flip-Flop has 28 quantum cells and covers an area of 0.03 µm2. Furthermore, the paper presents a new design for a 3-bit Shift Register using the proposed D Flip-Flops in QCA nanotechnology keeping in mind the importance of the same in storing and transferring multiple bits of data. The proposed D Flip-Flop and the 3-bit Shift Register are compared with the existing QCA-based designs. The proposed Shift Register has 100 quantum cells and covers an area of 0.11 µm2. The comparison concludes that the proposed D Flip-Flop and the 3-bit Shift Register have used a lesser number of QCA cells and covered smaller areas than the previous works. The proposed designs have been designed in a single layer without any crossover.
{"title":"3-bit Shift Register using QCA Nanotechnology","authors":"Vijay Kumar Sharma, Kun Anjalideep, Harsh Kumar, Akshay Kumar, Rishita Nagpal","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230222093107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230222093107","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a new emerging nanotechnology that has been proven to be an improved alternative to complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. It consists of a group of cells that can perform computational functions when combined and arranged in a particular manner.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The Flip-Flops are widely affiliated with the circuits of logical and arithmetic unit structures that are used for the processors. Data (D) Flip-Flop is the most important and widely used Flip-Flop among all different types due to its better performance and efficiency. Hence, an efficient D Flip-Flop needs to be developed using QCA nanotechnology.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This paper proposes a new design for D Flip-Flop in QCA nanotechnology. The proposed D Flip-Flop has 28 quantum cells and covers an area of 0.03 µm2. Furthermore, the paper presents a new design for a 3-bit Shift Register using the proposed D Flip-Flops in QCA nanotechnology keeping in mind the importance of the same in storing and transferring multiple bits of data.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The proposed D Flip-Flop and the 3-bit Shift Register are compared with the existing QCA-based designs. The proposed Shift Register has 100 quantum cells and covers an area of 0.11 µm2.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The comparison concludes that the proposed D Flip-Flop and the 3-bit Shift Register have used a lesser number of QCA cells and covered smaller areas than the previous works. The proposed designs have been designed in a single layer without any crossover.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87264538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-14DOI: 10.2174/2210681213666230214103113
Sudhanshu Mishra
Dendrimers are nanosized macromolecules with a hyperbranched globular shape that are commonly employed for drug delivery. They have shown to be both complex and valuable due to their high level of surface functioning, adaptability, and unique features. Furthermore, dendrimers have a wide range of applications in supramolecular chemistry, mainly in self-assembly processes. The potential of this macromolecule to construct a definite architectural design in terms of size, shape, branching length, density, and its well-defined molecular structure and segmented spherical construction has sparked a wide range of research on the interactions that occur between biological organisms. Dendrimers are "grown" from a central core in a repetitive divergent manufacturing process, with each succeeding step representing a new "generation" of the dendrimer. In comparison to linear polymers, dendrimers have more precisely controlled structures, globular in shape, and have a specific molecular weight rather than a range of molecular weights. The divergence in dendritic structure customization provides a one-of-a-kind framework for drug delivery to acute and chronic diseases. The development of efficient drug delivery systems based on dendrimers has attracted much interest in recent years. This review aims to discuss some important perspectives and recent patents regarding dendrimers.
{"title":"Hyperbranched Nanostructure Drug Delivery Carrier: Dendrimer","authors":"Sudhanshu Mishra","doi":"10.2174/2210681213666230214103113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681213666230214103113","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Dendrimers are nanosized macromolecules with a hyperbranched globular shape that are commonly employed for drug delivery. They have shown to be both complex and valuable due to their high level of surface functioning, adaptability, and unique features. Furthermore, dendrimers have a wide range of applications in supramolecular chemistry, mainly in self-assembly processes. The potential of this macromolecule to construct a definite architectural design in terms of size, shape, branching length, density, and its well-defined molecular structure and segmented spherical construction has sparked a wide range of research on the interactions that occur between biological organisms. Dendrimers are \"grown\" from a central core in a repetitive divergent manufacturing process, with each succeeding step representing a new \"generation\" of the dendrimer. In comparison to linear polymers, dendrimers have more precisely controlled structures, globular in shape, and have a specific molecular weight rather than a range of molecular weights. The divergence in dendritic structure customization provides a one-of-a-kind framework for drug delivery to acute and chronic diseases. The development of efficient drug delivery systems based on dendrimers has attracted much interest in recent years. This review aims to discuss some important perspectives and recent patents regarding dendrimers.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89016829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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