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A Green Control Release NPK Fertilizer Based on Micro/Nanoparticle of Chitosan Impregnated Activated Coir Fiber 壳聚糖微/纳米浸渍活化椰壳纤维绿色控释氮磷钾肥料
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-07-31 DOI: 10.2174/2210681210999200916154659
J. Siri, C. Fernando, S. De Silva
Conventional chemical fertilizers enhance agricultural output but deteriorate soil quality andfertility while causation of health and environmental issues. Therefore, continual use of chemical fertilizers is notsustainable. Control release nanofertilizer is one of the solutions to said issues. Nanofertilizers use metallic nanoparticlesand toxic cross-linkers (eg. Glutaraldehyde, Glyoxal and Methacrylic Acid) which also pose risks to health and environment.Synthetic, non-biodegradable costly raw material based nanofertilizers will also create new-generation-waste in futurewhich is not sustainable.Development of an environment friendly nanofertilizer for prolong control release of plant macronutrients -Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium (NPK).Chitosan was obtained from deacetylation of chitin which was extracted from shrimp exoskeleton.Micro/nanoparticles of chitosan were synthesized with ionotropic gelation method excluding toxic cross-linkers.Macronutrient loaded nanoparticles were impregnated to micro and nano pores in activated coir fiber followed by coatingwith a natural exudate water diffusional barrier. Macronutrient release behaviour and efficacy of control release fertilizerwere studied against conventional bulk fertilizer.Mean size of nanoparticles was 100 nm. FTIR analysis showed the macronutrient interaction withmicro/nanoparticles of chitosan. Macronutrients were incorporated into nanoparticles at 12 % loading efficiency and 20 %entrapment efficiency. The developed fertilizer showed control release of macronutrients even beyond 90 days whereascommercial fertilizer showed an initial burst lasting a negligible release after 30 days. Results from pot trials indicated thatnanofertilizer enhances yield performance of rice plants against commercial fertilizer. A green nanofertilizer can be developed with a simple method using biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxicand renewable natural based raw materials for prolong control release of plant macronutrients excluding toxic chemicals.Since the starting materials are coir fiber and shrimp exoskeleton which is a waste, it could significantly reduce theproduction cost hence present study discloses an economically sound, environment friendly and socially responsiblenanofertilizer.
传统的化学肥料提高了农业产量,但使土壤质量和肥力恶化,并引起健康和环境问题。因此,持续使用化肥是不可持续的。控释纳米肥料是解决上述问题的方法之一。纳米肥料使用金属纳米颗粒和有毒交联剂(例如。戊二醛、乙二醛和甲基丙烯酸),它们也对健康和环境构成风险。合成的、不可生物降解的、昂贵的原料基纳米肥料在未来也会产生新一代的废物,这是不可持续的。缓释氮磷钾环境友好型纳米肥料的研制。以虾外骨骼为原料,对甲壳素进行脱乙酰化处理,得到壳聚糖。采用不含毒性交联剂的离子化凝胶法制备了壳聚糖微/纳米颗粒。将负载大量营养元素的纳米颗粒浸渍在活化椰丝的微纳米孔中,并在其表面包裹天然的渗出水扩散屏障。研究了控释肥与常规散肥的宏量养分释放特性及效果。纳米颗粒的平均尺寸为100 nm。FTIR分析表明,巨量营养素与壳聚糖微/纳米颗粒之间存在相互作用。大量营养素以12%的负载效率和20%的包封效率掺入到纳米颗粒中。开发的肥料在超过90天后显示出大量营养素的控制释放,而商品肥料在30天后显示出最初的爆发,持续的释放可以忽略不计。盆栽试验结果表明,纳米肥料比商品肥料能提高水稻植株的产量。利用生物相容性、可生物降解、无毒、可再生的天然原料,通过简单的方法开发绿色纳米肥料,可以延长植物常量营养素(不含有毒化学物质)的控释时间。由于原料为椰壳纤维和虾外骨骼是一种废弃物,可以显著降低生产成本,因此本研究揭示了一种经济合理、环境友好、对社会负责的无机肥料。
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引用次数: 1
Transient Free Convective Flow of CNT Water Nanofluid with Heat Transfer from a Moving Cylinder 碳纳米管水纳米流体的瞬态自由对流与运动圆柱体的传热
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-07-31 DOI: 10.2174/2210681210999200917113354
C. Sridevi, A. Sailakumari
In this paper, transient two-dimensional laminar boundary layer viscous incompressiblefree convective flow of water based nanofluid with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) past amoving vertical cylinder with variable surface temperature is studied numerically in the presence ofthermal radiation and heat generation.The prevailing partial differential equations which model the flow with initial and boundaryconditions are solved by implicit finite difference method of Crank Nicolson type, which is unconditionallystable and convergent.Influence of Grashof number (Gr), nanoparticle volume fraction (φ), heat generation parameter(Q), temperature exponent (m), radiation parameter (N) and time (t) on velocity and temperatureprofiles are sketched graphically and elaborated comprehensively.Analysis of Nusselt number and Skin friction coefficient is also discussed numericallyfor both single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs).
本文数值研究了在热辐射和发热条件下,含碳纳米管的水性纳米流体通过具有可变表面温度的垂直圆柱体的瞬态二维层流边界层粘性不可压缩自由对流。采用Crank-Nicolson型隐式有限差分法求解了具有初始和边界条件的主流偏微分方程,该方法是无条件稳定和收敛的。绘制了Grashof数(Gr)、纳米颗粒体积分数(φ)、发热参数(Q)、温度指数(m)、辐射参数(N)和时间(t)对速度和温度分布的影响,并对其进行了全面阐述。对单壁碳纳米管和多壁碳纳米管的努塞尔数和皮摩擦系数进行了数值分析。
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引用次数: 0
Green Synthesis of Silver Chloride Nanoparticles using Phlomoides labiosa (Bunge) Adylov, Kamelin&Makhm Herbal Extract by Investigating Antioxidant Properties and Antibacterial Effects 利用蛇床子、Kamelin和Makhm草药提取物抗氧化和抗菌活性研究氯化银纳米颗粒的绿色合成
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-07-12 DOI: 10.2174/2210681211666210712113210
T. Arkani, Ali Firoznia, C. Izanloo
Considering the high cost of nanoparticles chemical synthesis and bacteria high resistance against antibiotics, investigating silver particles biosynthesis and also their effect on clinical and standard strains of different bacteria is important. This study investigates the feasibility of green synthesis of silver chloride nanoparticles by labiosa (Bunge) Adylov, Kamelin & Makhm Phlomoides (Eremostachyslabiosa Bunge) herbal extract, and Phlomoides binaludensis Salmaki & Joharchi (Binaloud Cistanchetubulosa) plant. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible Spectroscopy, and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were used for nanoparticles characterization. The antibacterial property of extracts and synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, and escherichia coli by agar disk diffusion and well diffusion, respectively. As antioxidants existing in plants are expected to act as regenerators in nanoparticles synthesis. The plants used were investigated considering the existence of antioxidant through two DPPH and FRAP methods. Total values of phenol and IC50 determined in the extract of considered plants. The results showed that what has been successful in nanoparticles synthesis is silver chloride nanoparticles synthesis which is due to the existence of chlorinated compounds in the herbal extract. Synthesized nanoparticles are spherical, and they are in the 27-35 nm range size, and synthesized nanoparticles were distributed consistently. Also, nanoparticles enjoyed significant antibacterial activity. IC50 was 0.56 mg/ml and 0.96 mg/ml for the aerial organs of Eremostachyslabiosa Bunge and Binaloud Cistanchetubulosa, respectively, in this study, while it was 0.38 mg/ml for BHT synthetic antioxidant. Also, iron regeneration ability was reported 255.990 and 64.110 Fe ion mmol/extract gr by the extracts.
考虑到纳米颗粒化学合成的高成本和细菌对抗生素的高耐药性,研究银颗粒的生物合成及其对不同细菌的临床和标准菌株的影响是重要的。本研究研究探讨了用拉比奥萨(Bunge)Adylov、Kamelin&Makhm Phlomoides(Eremostachslabiosa Bunge)草药提取物和Phlomoide binauldensis Salmaki&Joharchi(Binsound Cistanchetubulosa)植物绿色合成氯化银纳米颗粒的可行性。使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外可见光谱和能量分散X射线光谱(EDS)对纳米颗粒进行表征。通过琼脂盘扩散法和阱扩散法分别评价了提取物和合成的纳米颗粒对金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和大肠杆菌的抗菌性能。由于存在于植物中的抗氧化剂有望在纳米颗粒合成中起到再生剂的作用。考虑到抗氧化剂的存在,通过DPPH和FRAP两种方法对所用植物进行了研究。在所考虑的植物提取物中测定的苯酚和IC50的总值。结果表明,纳米颗粒的合成之所以成功,是因为草药提取物中存在氯化化合物。合成的纳米颗粒是球形的,它们的尺寸在27-35nm范围内,并且合成的纳米粒子分布一致。此外,纳米颗粒具有显著的抗菌活性。在本研究中,Eremostachslabiosa Bunge和Binsound Cistanchetubulosa的地上器官的IC50分别为0.56 mg/ml和0.96 mg/ml,而BHT合成抗氧化剂的IC50为0.38 mg/ml。此外,据报道,提取物的铁再生能力分别为255.990和64.110 Fe离子mmol/提取物gr。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis and applications of nanoparticles: State of the Art and Future Perspective 纳米颗粒的合成与应用:现状与未来展望
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2021-02-24 DOI: 10.2174/2210681211666210224154613
S. Shukla, Mitali Sharma, Sapna Yadav, Avinash Raghupathy, K. Shukla, A. Varma, Arti Mishra
Nanoparticles are being extensively studied these days to grab more knowledge on how they can be used in various fields to increase the yields and hence be beneficial for biotic components of the ecosystem. Chemicals being used in agriculture have caused a lot of damage to the soil and water quality along with the crop plants, ultimately affecting human health severely. Better alternatives are thus required to get higher yields with a better quality of crop plants that enhance human health. A variety of nanoparticles exists in nature, while others have been manufactured accidentally or engineered purposefully. These can play many beneficial roles in the crop plants, increasing the yield of crops and quality of the grains. They can be applied at various stages and in different doses. The effect they exhibit would be dependent on many factors. Different nanoparticles have diverse effects on different plants. Some nanoparticles may be beneficial to one species of crop plant and disadvantageous to the other one. Therefore, an elaborative study is required on all the types of nanoparticles exhibiting their advantageous and disadvantageous impacts on different species of crop plants for the dose and stage in which they have been applied. This review explains the different types of nanoparticles categorized based on their manufacture and the different effects they cause in different plant species. More research and knowledge is yet to be obtained before using nanoparticles in crop plants since the way they affect human health is a serious matter of concern.
近年来,人们对纳米颗粒进行了广泛的研究,以了解如何在各个领域使用纳米颗粒来提高产量,从而对生态系统的生物成分有益。农业中使用的化学品对土壤和水质以及作物造成了严重破坏,最终严重影响了人类健康。因此,需要更好的替代品来获得更高的产量和更好的作物质量,以增强人类健康。自然界中存在着各种各样的纳米颗粒,而其他纳米颗粒则是意外制造或有意设计的。这些可以在作物中发挥许多有益作用,提高作物产量和谷物质量。它们可以在不同的阶段和不同的剂量使用。它们所表现出的效果将取决于许多因素。不同的纳米颗粒对不同的植物有不同的影响。一些纳米颗粒可能对一种作物有益,而对另一种作物不利。因此,需要对所有类型的纳米颗粒进行详细研究,这些纳米颗粒在其应用的剂量和阶段对不同种类的作物植物表现出有利和不利的影响。这篇综述解释了根据制造方式分类的不同类型的纳米颗粒,以及它们在不同植物物种中造成的不同影响。在作物中使用纳米颗粒之前,还需要获得更多的研究和知识,因为它们影响人类健康的方式是一个严重的问题。
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引用次数: 2
Investigation of THz Radiation from Longitudinal Optical Phonon- Plasmon Coupling in p-i-n Diodes p-i-n二极管纵向光学声子-等离子体耦合太赫兹辐射的研究
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.2174/1876402911666190820101307
N. P. The
Terahertz radiation (THz) in infrared domain at room temperature hasmany applications in science and technology, especially in the technology of analyzing and processingimage. This paper introduces a relatively simple method to investigate the Terahertz radiationfrom the coupling of Longitudinal Optical (LO) phonon and coherent plasmon in p-i-n diodestructure. The frequency spectra are found from the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the voltagebetween two neighboring points in the insulating region of this diode. Numerical calculations havebeen applied for GaAs semiconductor device with the photo-excited carrier density ranging from17 1.0×10 cm-3 to 18 3.0×10 cm-3 and the insulating layer size of 500 nm. In order to study of the coupling of LO phonon in p-i-n diode based on the EMC simulations,the equation of density vibration is solved simultaneously with the simulation of carrier dynamics,this is performed with spatial resolution of 1A° and time resolution of 0.20 fs . We solvethe Poisson’s equation to derive the potentials along the x-axis in both cases with and withouttaking into account the coupling. The frequency spectrum derived from the FFT of the voltage oftwo layers separated by a distance 10 nm in insulating layer (i).The frequency spectrum derived from the Fourier transform of the voltage between twoneighboring points with and without LO phonon–plasmon coupling is shown. We can easily observethe existence of the modes which are close to the frequency values of bulk semiconductor. Itshould be noted that, our calculations are reasonable agreement with experiments measured by theIbanez et al in Phys. Rev. B 69 (7), 075314 (2004). In this paper, we present a relatively simple approach to investigate the THz radiationfrom the coupling of LO phonon-plasmon in p-i-n diode structure by taking the FFT of the voltageof two neighboring points in insulating semiconductor region. The voltage is calculated throughthe electric potentials which relate to the charge density via Poisson’s equation. Numerical calculationshave been performed for GaAs semiconductor device with carrier density ranging from17 1.0×10 cm-3 to 18 3.0×10 cm-3. Our simulations calculations show that with appropriate photoexcitedcarrier density, two strong coupling LO phonon-plasmon coherent modes are appear.
室温下红外域太赫兹辐射在科学技术中有着广泛的应用,特别是在图像分析和处理技术中。本文介绍了一种相对简单的方法来研究p-i-n二极体结构中纵向光学声子和相干等离激元耦合产生的太赫兹辐射。通过对二极管绝缘区两个相邻点之间的电压进行快速傅立叶变换(FFT),得到了该二极管的频谱。对光激发载流子密度为17 1.0×10 cm-3 ~ 18 3.0×10 cm-3、绝缘层尺寸为500 nm的GaAs半导体器件进行了数值计算。为了研究p-i-n二极管中LO声子的耦合,在空间分辨率为1A°,时间分辨率为0.20 fs的条件下,在模拟载流子动力学的同时求解了密度振动方程。我们通过求解泊松方程,推导出在考虑和不考虑耦合的情况下沿x轴的势。由绝缘层中相距10 nm的两层电压的FFT得到的频谱(i)。由两个相邻点之间的电压的傅里叶变换得到的频谱显示了有和没有LO声子-等离子体耦合。我们可以很容易地观察到与本体半导体的频率值接近的模式的存在。值得注意的是,我们的计算结果与ibanez等人在《物理学》杂志上测量的实验结果基本一致。中国生物医学工程学报,2009(5):391 - 391。本文提出了一种相对简单的方法,利用绝缘半导体区相邻两点电压的FFT来研究LO声子-等离子体激元在p-i-n二极管结构中耦合产生的太赫兹辐射。电压由与电荷密度有关的电位通过泊松方程计算得到。对载流子密度为17 1.0×10 cm-3 ~ 18 3.0×10 cm-3的GaAs半导体器件进行了数值计算。我们的模拟计算表明,在适当的光激发载流子密度下,会出现两种强耦合的LO声子-等离子体相干模式。
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引用次数: 0
Green-synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Aqueous Root Extract of Dicoma anomala (Sond.) Mitigates Free Radicals and Diabetes-linked Enzymes 绿色合成的双星草根提取物氧化锌纳米颗粒(第二篇)减轻自由基和糖尿病相关酶
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-11-30 DOI: 10.2174/2210681210666200117150727
F. Balogun, A. Ashafa
The emergence of eco-friendly methods for the synthesis of metallicnanostructures has continued to receive wider acceptance.The study investigated the effect of biologically-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles on freeradicals and carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes. The characterized nanoparticles, DaZnONPs (Dicoma anomala zinc oxide nanoparticles)were obtained using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractiontechnique (XRD). The activity of the synthesized nanostructures against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH), 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), metal chelating,alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase was determined using standard methods.DaZnONPs were observed to be stable, mostly cubical in shape and within the nanometresize range. Optimum absorption of DaZnONPs was observed at 386 nm. The FTIR analysis indicatedthe presence of functional groups arising from alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins(detected in earlier reports) and indicate potential nucleation and stability of the ZnONPs. XRDresult depicted similar patterns of DaZnONPs and standard ZnO spectra, revealing a hexagonaland crystalline nature of the particles in nanometre range as shown by the obtained peaks.DaZnONPs inhibited DPPH (0.54 μgmL-1 and alpha-amylase (104.34 μgmL-1 better than quercetin(349.98 μgmL-1 and acarbose (594. 54 μgmL-1. Meanwhile, the metal chelating effect ofDaZnONPs (30.41 μgmL-1 was observed to be insignificantly (p>0.05) at par with quercetin(27.81 μgmL-1. The kinetics of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes by DaZnOnPs wasobserved to be non-competitive inhibitions.DaZnONPs (as against the bulk extract) could be explored as possible antioxidativeand antihyperglycaemic agents mitigating the adverse effects of free radicals and hyperglycaemia.
生态友好型金属纳米结构合成方法的出现不断得到广泛的接受。研究了生物合成氧化锌纳米颗粒对游离自由基和糖水解酶的影响。采用紫外可见光谱、透射电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、能量色散光谱和x射线衍射技术(XRD)获得了表征的纳米粒子DaZnONPs (Dicoma anomalala zinc oxide nanoparticles)。采用标准方法测定了合成的纳米结构对1,1-二苯基-2-吡啶肼(DPPH)、2,2 ' -氮基-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸(ABTS)、金属螯合、α -淀粉酶和α -葡萄糖苷酶的活性。DaZnONPs被观察到是稳定的,大多数是立方体形状,在纳米尺寸范围内。在386 nm处观察到DaZnONPs的最佳吸收。FTIR分析表明存在由生物碱、黄酮类、单宁和皂苷产生的官能团(在早期的报道中检测到),并表明ZnONPs可能成核和稳定性。xr结果显示了DaZnONPs和标准ZnO光谱的相似模式,揭示了粒子在纳米范围内的六方体晶体性质。DaZnONPs对DPPH (0.54 μgmL-1)和α -淀粉酶(104.34 μgmL-1)的抑制作用优于槲皮素(349.98 μgmL-1)和阿卡波糖(594 μgmL-1)。54μgmL-1。同时,daznonps (30.41 μgmL-1)与槲皮素(27.81 μgmL-1)的金属螯合作用不显著(p < 0.05)。DaZnOnPs对α -淀粉酶和α -葡萄糖苷酶具有非竞争性抑制作用。DaZnONPs(相对于散装提取物)可以作为可能的抗氧化和抗高血糖药物,减轻自由基和高血糖的不利影响。
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引用次数: 1
Preparation and Characterization of Rutile Titania Nanofluids Stabilized in Different Surfactants Base Fluids 在不同表面活性剂基础液中稳定的金红石型二氧化钛纳米流体的制备与表征
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-11-11 DOI: 10.2174/2210681209666190319151152
R. El‐Salamony, Mohamed Abdel-Aziz, R. E. Morsi, A. Al-sabagh, S. Hassan
Improvement of conventional heat transfer fluids for achieving higherenergy efficiencies in thermal equipment is a key parameter to conserve energy in industries. Theheat transfer fluids such as water, oil and ethylene glycol greatly suffer low heat transfer performancein industrial processes. There is a need to develop new types of heat transfer fluids that aremore effective in terms of heat transfer performance. Nanofluids enhance thermal conductivityand improve the thermal performance of heat transfer systems.New titania nanofluid samples consisting of 0.0625 to 1% TiO2 nanoparticles wereprepared and characterized. The method of preparation was based on prior precipitation of TiO2from an ammoniacal solution of pH 9 and calcination at 900°C. Solubilization, homogenizationand stabilization of the of the nanoparticles were performed by sonication in the presence of sodiumdodecyl sulfate (SDS) anionic surfactant and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)cationic surfactant.This treatment was also utilized to increase the stability and improve the thermal propertiesof the fluid.Several characterization techniques including measurements of hydrodynamic sizedistribution, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), viscosity, density, specificheat, thermal conductivity, and sedimentation photo capturing were used to measure and confirmthe stability and sedimentation rate of the prepared nanofluids.
改进传统传热流体以在热力设备中实现更高的能效是工业节能的关键参数。在工业过程中,水、油和乙二醇等传热流体的传热性能极低。需要开发在传热性能方面更有效的新型传热流体。纳米流体提高了传热系统的导热性,提高了传热性能。制备并表征了由0.0625至1%的TiO2纳米颗粒组成的新型二氧化钛纳米流体样品。制备方法基于从pH 9的氨溶液中预先沉淀TiO2,并在900°C下煅烧。在十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)阴离子表面活性剂和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)阳离子表面活性剂存在下,通过超声处理对纳米颗粒进行增溶、均化和稳定。这种处理也被用来提高流体的稳定性和改善流体的热性能。使用了几种表征技术,包括流体动力学尺寸分布、ζ电位、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、粘度、密度、比热、热导率和沉积光捕获的测量,来测量和确认所制备的纳米流体的稳定性和沉积速率。
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引用次数: 0
Meet Our Associate Editorial Board Member 见见我们的副编辑委员会成员
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-09-30 DOI: 10.2174/221068121005201111105819
S. Mondal
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引用次数: 0
Purifying Crude Petroleum by Using Porous Ceramic Balls 用多孔陶瓷球净化原油
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-07-21 DOI: 10.2174/2210681210999200721005226
E. M. Hadi, Khulood Haleem Yousif
Background: In this study ceramic crude petroleum filter was prepared from Iraqi White Kaolin with ratio(70%) and Alumina (Al2O3) with ratio (30%), with natural additives Palm Frond with ratios (5,10,15,25,35 and 45)% indifferent partical size to produce pores, formed by dry pressing then fairing at 1100(˚C). The filters are harmless andenvironmentally friendly materials. Some assessments were carried out, such as (apparent porosity ratio, water absorptionratio, and apparent density). From the test results obtained the apparent porosity was 60.7% , water absorption was 89.3%and an apparent density of 0.68% with a 45% ratio of fine (P.F). Size and distribution of pores werecharacterized by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The crude petroleum treated with filters evaluated by testssuch as (API Gravity, Sulfur Content, Asphaltenes Content, and Metallic Content). The result of API Gravitybefore immersion crude petroleum filter balls was 24.70 and after immersion crude petroleum filter balls for 7 days for 30% (P.F) increase to 31.0 and reach to 32.5 after immersion for 14 days. Sulfur Content before immersion crude petroleumfilter balls was 3.76 and after immersion crude petroleum filter balls for 7 days for 30 % (P.F) decrease down to 3.1 andreach to 2.6 after immersion for 14 days.So Asphaltenes content before immersion crude petroleum filterballs was 6.68 and after immersion crude petroleum filter balls for 7 days 30 % (P.F) decreased down to 2 and reach to 1.6after immersion for 14 days, metallic contact such as Vanadium and Nickel before immersion crude petroleum filter ballsrespectively was 86 ppm, 32 ppm while after immersion crude petroleum filter balls for 7 days they become 53.26 ppmand 15.35 ppm and for 14 days they reached to 47.52 ppm and 11.43 ppm respectively.
背景:以伊拉克白高岭土(比例为70%)和氧化铝(Al2O3)(比例为30%)为原料,加入棕榈叶(比例为5、10、15、25、35、45)%不同粒径的天然添加剂,在1100℃条件下干压后整流,制备陶瓷原油过滤器。过滤器是无害和环保的材料。进行了一些评价,如(表观孔隙率、吸水率和表观密度)。试验结果表明,该材料的表观孔隙率为60.7%,吸水率为89.3%,表观密度为0.68%,细比为45%。利用扫描电镜(SEM)对孔隙的大小和分布进行了表征。经过过滤器处理的原油通过诸如API比重、硫含量、沥青质含量和金属含量等测试进行评估。原油滤球浸泡前的API gravity为24.70,浸泡7 d后的API gravity为31.0,浸泡14 d后的API gravity为32.5。原油过滤球浸泡前的硫含量为3.76,浸泡7天后的硫含量下降到3.1,浸泡14天后达到2.6。因此,原油过滤球浸泡前沥青质含量为6.68,浸泡7 d后沥青质含量为30% (P.F)降至2,浸泡14 d后沥青质含量达到1.6,原油过滤球浸泡前的钒、镍等金属接触量分别为86 ppm;原油滤球浸泡7天后分别为53.26 PPM和15.35 PPM,浸泡14天后分别为47.52 PPM和11.43 PPM。
{"title":"Purifying Crude Petroleum by Using Porous Ceramic Balls","authors":"E. M. Hadi, Khulood Haleem Yousif","doi":"10.2174/2210681210999200721005226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681210999200721005226","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Background: In this study ceramic crude petroleum filter was prepared from Iraqi White Kaolin with ratio\u0000(70%) and Alumina (Al2O3) with ratio (30%), with natural additives Palm Frond with ratios (5,10,15,25,35 and 45)% in\u0000different partical size to produce pores, formed by dry pressing then fairing at 1100(˚C). The filters are harmless and\u0000environmentally friendly materials. Some assessments were carried out, such as (apparent porosity ratio, water absorption\u0000ratio, and apparent density). From the test results obtained the apparent porosity was 60.7% , water absorption was 89.3%\u0000and an apparent density of 0.68% with a 45% ratio of fine (P.F). \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Size and distribution of pores were\u0000characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The crude petroleum treated with filters evaluated by tests\u0000such as (API Gravity, Sulfur Content, Asphaltenes Content, and Metallic Content). \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The result of API Gravity\u0000before immersion crude petroleum filter balls was 24.70 and after immersion crude petroleum filter balls for 7 days for 30\u0000% (P.F) increase to 31.0 and reach to 32.5 after immersion for 14 days. Sulfur Content before immersion crude petroleum\u0000filter balls was 3.76 and after immersion crude petroleum filter balls for 7 days for 30 % (P.F) decrease down to 3.1 and\u0000reach to 2.6 after immersion for 14 days.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000So Asphaltenes content before immersion crude petroleum filter\u0000balls was 6.68 and after immersion crude petroleum filter balls for 7 days 30 % (P.F) decreased down to 2 and reach to 1.6\u0000after immersion for 14 days, metallic contact such as Vanadium and Nickel before immersion crude petroleum filter balls\u0000respectively was 86 ppm, 32 ppm while after immersion crude petroleum filter balls for 7 days they become 53.26 ppm\u0000and 15.35 ppm and for 14 days they reached to 47.52 ppm and 11.43 ppm respectively.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45150540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Review of Different Types of DOE Methods as a Useful Platform for Improving the Performance of Nano Adsorbents in Removal Systems of Pollutants 不同类型的DOE方法为提高纳米吸附剂在污染物去除系统中的性能提供了一个有用的平台
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2020-06-17 DOI: 10.2174/2210681209666190220130002
Ali Behmaneshfar, A. Sadrnia, H. Karimi-Maleh
In recent years, the Design of Experiments (DOE) is used for removingpollutant from wastewater by nano-adsorbent. Some methods are Taguchi, Response SurfaceMethodology (RSM) and factorial design. The aim of this paper is to review different usedmethods of DOE in removing pollutant to suggest some notations to scholars.The reviewed papers were searched in Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Sciencerandomly and categorized based on DOE methods.Number of factors and responses in DOE for removing pollutants from wastewater arebetween 2-6 and 1-4, respectively. There are several computer software programs that providesimple use of these methods, such as Qualitek, Design Expert, Minitab, R and Matlab Programming.All models have a coefficient of determination R-sq more than 0.9.All the mentioned methods are appropriate because of the high R-sq value. Since thelargest number of runs are used in RSM, it is not suitable for the experiments which are conductedby expensive materials and process. Furthermore, Design Expert and Minitab are the most popularsoftware used by scholars in DOE methods for the removal of pollutant.
近年来,采用实验设计法(DOE)去除废水中的污染物。一些方法有田口法、响应面法和析因设计。本文的目的是对DOE在去除污染物方面的不同应用方法进行综述,以供学者参考。随机检索b谷歌Scholar、Scopus和Web of science,并根据DOE方法进行分类。DOE中去除废水中污染物的因素和响应数量分别在2-6和1-4之间。有几个计算机软件程序提供了这些方法的简单使用,如Qualitek, Design Expert, Minitab, R和Matlab Programming。所有模型的决定系数R-sq均大于0.9。由于R-sq值较高,上述所有方法都是合适的。由于RSM的运行次数最多,因此不适合使用昂贵的材料和工艺进行的实验。此外,Design Expert和Minitab是学者们在DOE方法中最常用的去除污染物的软件。
{"title":"A Review of Different Types of DOE Methods as a Useful Platform for Improving the Performance of Nano Adsorbents in Removal Systems of Pollutants","authors":"Ali Behmaneshfar, A. Sadrnia, H. Karimi-Maleh","doi":"10.2174/2210681209666190220130002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681209666190220130002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000 In recent years, the Design of Experiments (DOE) is used for removing\u0000pollutant from wastewater by nano-adsorbent. Some methods are Taguchi, Response Surface\u0000Methodology (RSM) and factorial design. The aim of this paper is to review different used\u0000methods of DOE in removing pollutant to suggest some notations to scholars.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The reviewed papers were searched in Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science\u0000randomly and categorized based on DOE methods.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Number of factors and responses in DOE for removing pollutants from wastewater are\u0000between 2-6 and 1-4, respectively. There are several computer software programs that provide\u0000simple use of these methods, such as Qualitek, Design Expert, Minitab, R and Matlab Programming.\u0000All models have a coefficient of determination R-sq more than 0.9.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000All the mentioned methods are appropriate because of the high R-sq value. Since the\u0000largest number of runs are used in RSM, it is not suitable for the experiments which are conducted\u0000by expensive materials and process. Furthermore, Design Expert and Minitab are the most popular\u0000software used by scholars in DOE methods for the removal of pollutant.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45076498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia
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