Pub Date : 2021-07-31DOI: 10.2174/2210681210999200916154659
J. Siri, C. Fernando, S. De Silva
Conventional chemical fertilizers enhance agricultural output but deteriorate soil quality and fertility while causation of health and environmental issues. Therefore, continual use of chemical fertilizers is not sustainable. Control release nanofertilizer is one of the solutions to said issues. Nanofertilizers use metallic nanoparticles and toxic cross-linkers (eg. Glutaraldehyde, Glyoxal and Methacrylic Acid) which also pose risks to health and environment. Synthetic, non-biodegradable costly raw material based nanofertilizers will also create new-generation-waste in future which is not sustainable. Development of an environment friendly nanofertilizer for prolong control release of plant macronutrients - Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium (NPK). Chitosan was obtained from deacetylation of chitin which was extracted from shrimp exoskeleton. Micro/nanoparticles of chitosan were synthesized with ionotropic gelation method excluding toxic cross-linkers. Macronutrient loaded nanoparticles were impregnated to micro and nano pores in activated coir fiber followed by coating with a natural exudate water diffusional barrier. Macronutrient release behaviour and efficacy of control release fertilizer were studied against conventional bulk fertilizer. Mean size of nanoparticles was 100 nm. FTIR analysis showed the macronutrient interaction with micro/nanoparticles of chitosan. Macronutrients were incorporated into nanoparticles at 12 % loading efficiency and 20 % entrapment efficiency. The developed fertilizer showed control release of macronutrients even beyond 90 days whereas commercial fertilizer showed an initial burst lasting a negligible release after 30 days. Results from pot trials indicated that nanofertilizer enhances yield performance of rice plants against commercial fertilizer. A green nanofertilizer can be developed with a simple method using biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic and renewable natural based raw materials for prolong control release of plant macronutrients excluding toxic chemicals. Since the starting materials are coir fiber and shrimp exoskeleton which is a waste, it could significantly reduce the production cost hence present study discloses an economically sound, environment friendly and socially responsible nanofertilizer.
{"title":"A Green Control Release NPK Fertilizer Based on Micro/Nanoparticle of Chitosan Impregnated Activated Coir Fiber","authors":"J. Siri, C. Fernando, S. De Silva","doi":"10.2174/2210681210999200916154659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681210999200916154659","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000 Conventional chemical fertilizers enhance agricultural output but deteriorate soil quality and\u0000fertility while causation of health and environmental issues. Therefore, continual use of chemical fertilizers is not\u0000sustainable. Control release nanofertilizer is one of the solutions to said issues. Nanofertilizers use metallic nanoparticles\u0000and toxic cross-linkers (eg. Glutaraldehyde, Glyoxal and Methacrylic Acid) which also pose risks to health and environment.\u0000Synthetic, non-biodegradable costly raw material based nanofertilizers will also create new-generation-waste in future\u0000which is not sustainable.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Development of an environment friendly nanofertilizer for prolong control release of plant macronutrients -\u0000Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium (NPK).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Chitosan was obtained from deacetylation of chitin which was extracted from shrimp exoskeleton.\u0000Micro/nanoparticles of chitosan were synthesized with ionotropic gelation method excluding toxic cross-linkers.\u0000Macronutrient loaded nanoparticles were impregnated to micro and nano pores in activated coir fiber followed by coating\u0000with a natural exudate water diffusional barrier. Macronutrient release behaviour and efficacy of control release fertilizer\u0000were studied against conventional bulk fertilizer.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Mean size of nanoparticles was 100 nm. FTIR analysis showed the macronutrient interaction with\u0000micro/nanoparticles of chitosan. Macronutrients were incorporated into nanoparticles at 12 % loading efficiency and 20 %\u0000entrapment efficiency. The developed fertilizer showed control release of macronutrients even beyond 90 days whereas\u0000commercial fertilizer showed an initial burst lasting a negligible release after 30 days. Results from pot trials indicated that\u0000nanofertilizer enhances yield performance of rice plants against commercial fertilizer.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 A green nanofertilizer can be developed with a simple method using biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic\u0000and renewable natural based raw materials for prolong control release of plant macronutrients excluding toxic chemicals.\u0000Since the starting materials are coir fiber and shrimp exoskeleton which is a waste, it could significantly reduce the\u0000production cost hence present study discloses an economically sound, environment friendly and socially responsible\u0000nanofertilizer.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43441646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-31DOI: 10.2174/2210681210999200917113354
C. Sridevi, A. Sailakumari
In this paper, transient two-dimensional laminar boundary layer viscous incompressible free convective flow of water based nanofluid with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) past a moving vertical cylinder with variable surface temperature is studied numerically in the presence of thermal radiation and heat generation. The prevailing partial differential equations which model the flow with initial and boundary conditions are solved by implicit finite difference method of Crank Nicolson type, which is unconditionally stable and convergent. Influence of Grashof number (Gr), nanoparticle volume fraction (φ), heat generation parameter (Q), temperature exponent (m), radiation parameter (N) and time (t) on velocity and temperature profiles are sketched graphically and elaborated comprehensively. Analysis of Nusselt number and Skin friction coefficient is also discussed numerically for both single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs).
{"title":"Transient Free Convective Flow of CNT Water Nanofluid with Heat Transfer from a Moving Cylinder","authors":"C. Sridevi, A. Sailakumari","doi":"10.2174/2210681210999200917113354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681210999200917113354","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000In this paper, transient two-dimensional laminar boundary layer viscous incompressible\u0000free convective flow of water based nanofluid with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) past a\u0000moving vertical cylinder with variable surface temperature is studied numerically in the presence of\u0000thermal radiation and heat generation.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The prevailing partial differential equations which model the flow with initial and boundary\u0000conditions are solved by implicit finite difference method of Crank Nicolson type, which is unconditionally\u0000stable and convergent.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Influence of Grashof number (Gr), nanoparticle volume fraction (φ), heat generation parameter\u0000(Q), temperature exponent (m), radiation parameter (N) and time (t) on velocity and temperature\u0000profiles are sketched graphically and elaborated comprehensively.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Analysis of Nusselt number and Skin friction coefficient is also discussed numerically\u0000for both single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs).\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48159418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-12DOI: 10.2174/2210681211666210712113210
T. Arkani, Ali Firoznia, C. Izanloo
Considering the high cost of nanoparticles chemical synthesis and bacteria high resistance against antibiotics, investigating silver particles biosynthesis and also their effect on clinical and standard strains of different bacteria is important. This study investigates the feasibility of green synthesis of silver chloride nanoparticles by labiosa (Bunge) Adylov, Kamelin & Makhm Phlomoides (Eremostachyslabiosa Bunge) herbal extract, and Phlomoides binaludensis Salmaki & Joharchi (Binaloud Cistanchetubulosa) plant. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible Spectroscopy, and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were used for nanoparticles characterization. The antibacterial property of extracts and synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, and escherichia coli by agar disk diffusion and well diffusion, respectively. As antioxidants existing in plants are expected to act as regenerators in nanoparticles synthesis. The plants used were investigated considering the existence of antioxidant through two DPPH and FRAP methods. Total values of phenol and IC50 determined in the extract of considered plants. The results showed that what has been successful in nanoparticles synthesis is silver chloride nanoparticles synthesis which is due to the existence of chlorinated compounds in the herbal extract. Synthesized nanoparticles are spherical, and they are in the 27-35 nm range size, and synthesized nanoparticles were distributed consistently. Also, nanoparticles enjoyed significant antibacterial activity. IC50 was 0.56 mg/ml and 0.96 mg/ml for the aerial organs of Eremostachyslabiosa Bunge and Binaloud Cistanchetubulosa, respectively, in this study, while it was 0.38 mg/ml for BHT synthetic antioxidant. Also, iron regeneration ability was reported 255.990 and 64.110 Fe ion mmol/extract gr by the extracts.
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Silver Chloride Nanoparticles using Phlomoides labiosa (Bunge) Adylov, Kamelin&Makhm Herbal Extract by Investigating Antioxidant Properties and Antibacterial Effects","authors":"T. Arkani, Ali Firoznia, C. Izanloo","doi":"10.2174/2210681211666210712113210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681211666210712113210","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Considering the high cost of nanoparticles chemical synthesis and bacteria high resistance against antibiotics, investigating silver particles biosynthesis and also their effect on clinical and standard strains of different bacteria is important. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study investigates the feasibility of green synthesis of silver chloride nanoparticles by labiosa (Bunge) Adylov, Kamelin & Makhm Phlomoides (Eremostachyslabiosa Bunge) herbal extract, and Phlomoides binaludensis Salmaki & Joharchi (Binaloud Cistanchetubulosa) plant. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible Spectroscopy, and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were used for nanoparticles characterization. The antibacterial property of extracts and synthesized nanoparticles was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, and escherichia coli by agar disk diffusion and well diffusion, respectively. As antioxidants existing in plants are expected to act as regenerators in nanoparticles synthesis. The plants used were investigated considering the existence of antioxidant through two DPPH and FRAP methods. Total values of phenol and IC50 determined in the extract of considered plants.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 The results showed that what has been successful in nanoparticles synthesis is silver chloride nanoparticles synthesis which is due to the existence of chlorinated compounds in the herbal extract. Synthesized nanoparticles are spherical, and they are in the 27-35 nm range size, and synthesized nanoparticles were distributed consistently. Also, nanoparticles enjoyed significant antibacterial activity. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 IC50 was 0.56 mg/ml and 0.96 mg/ml for the aerial organs of Eremostachyslabiosa Bunge and Binaloud Cistanchetubulosa, respectively, in this study, while it was 0.38 mg/ml for BHT synthetic antioxidant. Also, iron regeneration ability was reported 255.990 and 64.110 Fe ion mmol/extract gr by the extracts.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43014082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-02-24DOI: 10.2174/2210681211666210224154613
S. Shukla, Mitali Sharma, Sapna Yadav, Avinash Raghupathy, K. Shukla, A. Varma, Arti Mishra
Nanoparticles are being extensively studied these days to grab more knowledge on how they can be used in various fields to increase the yields and hence be beneficial for biotic components of the ecosystem. Chemicals being used in agriculture have caused a lot of damage to the soil and water quality along with the crop plants, ultimately affecting human health severely. Better alternatives are thus required to get higher yields with a better quality of crop plants that enhance human health. A variety of nanoparticles exists in nature, while others have been manufactured accidentally or engineered purposefully. These can play many beneficial roles in the crop plants, increasing the yield of crops and quality of the grains. They can be applied at various stages and in different doses. The effect they exhibit would be dependent on many factors. Different nanoparticles have diverse effects on different plants. Some nanoparticles may be beneficial to one species of crop plant and disadvantageous to the other one. Therefore, an elaborative study is required on all the types of nanoparticles exhibiting their advantageous and disadvantageous impacts on different species of crop plants for the dose and stage in which they have been applied. This review explains the different types of nanoparticles categorized based on their manufacture and the different effects they cause in different plant species. More research and knowledge is yet to be obtained before using nanoparticles in crop plants since the way they affect human health is a serious matter of concern.
{"title":"Synthesis and applications of nanoparticles: State of the Art and Future Perspective","authors":"S. Shukla, Mitali Sharma, Sapna Yadav, Avinash Raghupathy, K. Shukla, A. Varma, Arti Mishra","doi":"10.2174/2210681211666210224154613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681211666210224154613","url":null,"abstract":"Nanoparticles are being extensively studied these days to grab more knowledge on how they can be used in various fields to increase the yields and hence be beneficial for biotic components of the ecosystem. Chemicals being used in agriculture have caused a lot of damage to the soil and water quality along with the crop plants, ultimately affecting human health severely. Better alternatives are thus required to get higher yields with a better quality of crop plants that enhance human health. A variety of nanoparticles exists in nature, while others have been manufactured accidentally or engineered purposefully. These can play many beneficial roles in the crop plants, increasing the yield of crops and quality of the grains. They can be applied at various stages and in different doses. The effect they exhibit would be dependent on many factors. Different nanoparticles have diverse effects on different plants. Some nanoparticles may be beneficial to one species of crop plant and disadvantageous to the other one. Therefore, an elaborative study is required on all the types of nanoparticles exhibiting their advantageous and disadvantageous impacts on different species of crop plants for the dose and stage in which they have been applied. This review explains the different types of nanoparticles categorized based on their manufacture and the different effects they cause in different plant species. More research and knowledge is yet to be obtained before using nanoparticles in crop plants since the way they affect human health is a serious matter of concern.","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44727574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.2174/1876402911666190820101307
N. P. The
Terahertz radiation (THz) in infrared domain at room temperature has many applications in science and technology, especially in the technology of analyzing and processing image. This paper introduces a relatively simple method to investigate the Terahertz radiation from the coupling of Longitudinal Optical (LO) phonon and coherent plasmon in p-i-n diode structure. The frequency spectra are found from the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the voltage between two neighboring points in the insulating region of this diode. Numerical calculations have been applied for GaAs semiconductor device with the photo-excited carrier density ranging from 17 1.0×10 cm-3 to 18 3.0×10 cm-3 and the insulating layer size of 500 nm. In order to study of the coupling of LO phonon in p-i-n diode based on the EMC simulations, the equation of density vibration is solved simultaneously with the simulation of carrier dynamics, this is performed with spatial resolution of 1A° and time resolution of 0.20 fs . We solve the Poisson’s equation to derive the potentials along the x-axis in both cases with and without taking into account the coupling. The frequency spectrum derived from the FFT of the voltage of two layers separated by a distance 10 nm in insulating layer (i). The frequency spectrum derived from the Fourier transform of the voltage between two neighboring points with and without LO phonon–plasmon coupling is shown. We can easily observe the existence of the modes which are close to the frequency values of bulk semiconductor. It should be noted that, our calculations are reasonable agreement with experiments measured by the Ibanez et al in Phys. Rev. B 69 (7), 075314 (2004). In this paper, we present a relatively simple approach to investigate the THz radiation from the coupling of LO phonon-plasmon in p-i-n diode structure by taking the FFT of the voltage of two neighboring points in insulating semiconductor region. The voltage is calculated through the electric potentials which relate to the charge density via Poisson’s equation. Numerical calculations have been performed for GaAs semiconductor device with carrier density ranging from 17 1.0×10 cm-3 to 18 3.0×10 cm-3. Our simulations calculations show that with appropriate photoexcited carrier density, two strong coupling LO phonon-plasmon coherent modes are appear.
{"title":"Investigation of THz Radiation from Longitudinal Optical Phonon- Plasmon Coupling in p-i-n Diodes","authors":"N. P. The","doi":"10.2174/1876402911666190820101307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1876402911666190820101307","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000 Terahertz radiation (THz) in infrared domain at room temperature has\u0000many applications in science and technology, especially in the technology of analyzing and processing\u0000image. This paper introduces a relatively simple method to investigate the Terahertz radiation\u0000from the coupling of Longitudinal Optical (LO) phonon and coherent plasmon in p-i-n diode\u0000structure. The frequency spectra are found from the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the voltage\u0000between two neighboring points in the insulating region of this diode. Numerical calculations have\u0000been applied for GaAs semiconductor device with the photo-excited carrier density ranging from\u000017 1.0×10 cm-3 to 18 3.0×10 cm-3 and the insulating layer size of 500 nm.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 In order to study of the coupling of LO phonon in p-i-n diode based on the EMC simulations,\u0000the equation of density vibration is solved simultaneously with the simulation of carrier dynamics,\u0000this is performed with spatial resolution of 1A° and time resolution of 0.20 fs . We solve\u0000the Poisson’s equation to derive the potentials along the x-axis in both cases with and without\u0000taking into account the coupling. The frequency spectrum derived from the FFT of the voltage of\u0000two layers separated by a distance 10 nm in insulating layer (i).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The frequency spectrum derived from the Fourier transform of the voltage between two\u0000neighboring points with and without LO phonon–plasmon coupling is shown. We can easily observe\u0000the existence of the modes which are close to the frequency values of bulk semiconductor. It\u0000should be noted that, our calculations are reasonable agreement with experiments measured by the\u0000Ibanez et al in Phys. Rev. B 69 (7), 075314 (2004).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 In this paper, we present a relatively simple approach to investigate the THz radiation\u0000from the coupling of LO phonon-plasmon in p-i-n diode structure by taking the FFT of the voltage\u0000of two neighboring points in insulating semiconductor region. The voltage is calculated through\u0000the electric potentials which relate to the charge density via Poisson’s equation. Numerical calculations\u0000have been performed for GaAs semiconductor device with carrier density ranging from\u000017 1.0×10 cm-3 to 18 3.0×10 cm-3. Our simulations calculations show that with appropriate photoexcited\u0000carrier density, two strong coupling LO phonon-plasmon coherent modes are appear.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44968864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-30DOI: 10.2174/2210681210666200117150727
F. Balogun, A. Ashafa
The emergence of eco-friendly methods for the synthesis of metallic nanostructures has continued to receive wider acceptance. The study investigated the effect of biologically-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles on free radicals and carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes. The characterized nanoparticles, DaZnONPs (Dicoma anomala zinc oxide nanoparticles) were obtained using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier- transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction technique (XRD). The activity of the synthesized nanostructures against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), metal chelating, alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase was determined using standard methods. DaZnONPs were observed to be stable, mostly cubical in shape and within the nanometre size range. Optimum absorption of DaZnONPs was observed at 386 nm. The FTIR analysis indicated the presence of functional groups arising from alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins (detected in earlier reports) and indicate potential nucleation and stability of the ZnONPs. XRD result depicted similar patterns of DaZnONPs and standard ZnO spectra, revealing a hexagonal and crystalline nature of the particles in nanometre range as shown by the obtained peaks. DaZnONPs inhibited DPPH (0.54 μgmL-1 and alpha-amylase (104.34 μgmL-1 better than quercetin (349.98 μgmL-1 and acarbose (594. 54 μgmL-1. Meanwhile, the metal chelating effect of DaZnONPs (30.41 μgmL-1 was observed to be insignificantly (p>0.05) at par with quercetin (27.81 μgmL-1. The kinetics of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes by DaZnOnPs was observed to be non-competitive inhibitions. DaZnONPs (as against the bulk extract) could be explored as possible antioxidative and antihyperglycaemic agents mitigating the adverse effects of free radicals and hyperglycaemia.
{"title":"Green-synthesized Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles from Aqueous Root Extract of Dicoma anomala (Sond.) Mitigates Free Radicals and Diabetes-linked Enzymes","authors":"F. Balogun, A. Ashafa","doi":"10.2174/2210681210666200117150727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681210666200117150727","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The emergence of eco-friendly methods for the synthesis of metallic\u0000nanostructures has continued to receive wider acceptance.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study investigated the effect of biologically-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles on free\u0000radicals and carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 The characterized nanoparticles, DaZnONPs (Dicoma anomala zinc oxide nanoparticles)\u0000were obtained using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-\u0000transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction\u0000technique (XRD). The activity of the synthesized nanostructures against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl\u0000(DPPH), 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), metal chelating,\u0000alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase was determined using standard methods.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000DaZnONPs were observed to be stable, mostly cubical in shape and within the nanometre\u0000size range. Optimum absorption of DaZnONPs was observed at 386 nm. The FTIR analysis indicated\u0000the presence of functional groups arising from alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins\u0000(detected in earlier reports) and indicate potential nucleation and stability of the ZnONPs. XRD\u0000result depicted similar patterns of DaZnONPs and standard ZnO spectra, revealing a hexagonal\u0000and crystalline nature of the particles in nanometre range as shown by the obtained peaks.\u0000DaZnONPs inhibited DPPH (0.54 μgmL-1 and alpha-amylase (104.34 μgmL-1 better than quercetin\u0000(349.98 μgmL-1 and acarbose (594. 54 μgmL-1. Meanwhile, the metal chelating effect of\u0000DaZnONPs (30.41 μgmL-1 was observed to be insignificantly (p>0.05) at par with quercetin\u0000(27.81 μgmL-1. The kinetics of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes by DaZnOnPs was\u0000observed to be non-competitive inhibitions.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000DaZnONPs (as against the bulk extract) could be explored as possible antioxidative\u0000and antihyperglycaemic agents mitigating the adverse effects of free radicals and hyperglycaemia.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44843180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-11DOI: 10.2174/2210681209666190319151152
R. El‐Salamony, Mohamed Abdel-Aziz, R. E. Morsi, A. Al-sabagh, S. Hassan
Improvement of conventional heat transfer fluids for achieving higher energy efficiencies in thermal equipment is a key parameter to conserve energy in industries. The heat transfer fluids such as water, oil and ethylene glycol greatly suffer low heat transfer performance in industrial processes. There is a need to develop new types of heat transfer fluids that are more effective in terms of heat transfer performance. Nanofluids enhance thermal conductivity and improve the thermal performance of heat transfer systems. New titania nanofluid samples consisting of 0.0625 to 1% TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared and characterized. The method of preparation was based on prior precipitation of TiO2 from an ammoniacal solution of pH 9 and calcination at 900°C. Solubilization, homogenization and stabilization of the of the nanoparticles were performed by sonication in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) anionic surfactant and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) cationic surfactant. This treatment was also utilized to increase the stability and improve the thermal properties of the fluid. Several characterization techniques including measurements of hydrodynamic size distribution, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), viscosity, density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, and sedimentation photo capturing were used to measure and confirm the stability and sedimentation rate of the prepared nanofluids.
{"title":"Preparation and Characterization of Rutile Titania Nanofluids Stabilized in Different Surfactants Base Fluids","authors":"R. El‐Salamony, Mohamed Abdel-Aziz, R. E. Morsi, A. Al-sabagh, S. Hassan","doi":"10.2174/2210681209666190319151152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681209666190319151152","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Improvement of conventional heat transfer fluids for achieving higher\u0000energy efficiencies in thermal equipment is a key parameter to conserve energy in industries. The\u0000heat transfer fluids such as water, oil and ethylene glycol greatly suffer low heat transfer performance\u0000in industrial processes. There is a need to develop new types of heat transfer fluids that are\u0000more effective in terms of heat transfer performance. Nanofluids enhance thermal conductivity\u0000and improve the thermal performance of heat transfer systems.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000New titania nanofluid samples consisting of 0.0625 to 1% TiO2 nanoparticles were\u0000prepared and characterized. The method of preparation was based on prior precipitation of TiO2\u0000from an ammoniacal solution of pH 9 and calcination at 900°C. Solubilization, homogenization\u0000and stabilization of the of the nanoparticles were performed by sonication in the presence of sodium\u0000dodecyl sulfate (SDS) anionic surfactant and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)\u0000cationic surfactant.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This treatment was also utilized to increase the stability and improve the thermal properties\u0000of the fluid.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Several characterization techniques including measurements of hydrodynamic size\u0000distribution, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), viscosity, density, specific\u0000heat, thermal conductivity, and sedimentation photo capturing were used to measure and confirm\u0000the stability and sedimentation rate of the prepared nanofluids.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48771301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-21DOI: 10.2174/2210681210999200721005226
E. M. Hadi, Khulood Haleem Yousif
Background: In this study ceramic crude petroleum filter was prepared from Iraqi White Kaolin with ratio (70%) and Alumina (Al2O3) with ratio (30%), with natural additives Palm Frond with ratios (5,10,15,25,35 and 45)% in different partical size to produce pores, formed by dry pressing then fairing at 1100(˚C). The filters are harmless and environmentally friendly materials. Some assessments were carried out, such as (apparent porosity ratio, water absorption ratio, and apparent density). From the test results obtained the apparent porosity was 60.7% , water absorption was 89.3% and an apparent density of 0.68% with a 45% ratio of fine (P.F). Size and distribution of pores were characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The crude petroleum treated with filters evaluated by tests such as (API Gravity, Sulfur Content, Asphaltenes Content, and Metallic Content). The result of API Gravity before immersion crude petroleum filter balls was 24.70 and after immersion crude petroleum filter balls for 7 days for 30 % (P.F) increase to 31.0 and reach to 32.5 after immersion for 14 days. Sulfur Content before immersion crude petroleum filter balls was 3.76 and after immersion crude petroleum filter balls for 7 days for 30 % (P.F) decrease down to 3.1 and reach to 2.6 after immersion for 14 days. So Asphaltenes content before immersion crude petroleum filter balls was 6.68 and after immersion crude petroleum filter balls for 7 days 30 % (P.F) decreased down to 2 and reach to 1.6 after immersion for 14 days, metallic contact such as Vanadium and Nickel before immersion crude petroleum filter balls respectively was 86 ppm, 32 ppm while after immersion crude petroleum filter balls for 7 days they become 53.26 ppm and 15.35 ppm and for 14 days they reached to 47.52 ppm and 11.43 ppm respectively.
{"title":"Purifying Crude Petroleum by Using Porous Ceramic Balls","authors":"E. M. Hadi, Khulood Haleem Yousif","doi":"10.2174/2210681210999200721005226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681210999200721005226","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Background: In this study ceramic crude petroleum filter was prepared from Iraqi White Kaolin with ratio\u0000(70%) and Alumina (Al2O3) with ratio (30%), with natural additives Palm Frond with ratios (5,10,15,25,35 and 45)% in\u0000different partical size to produce pores, formed by dry pressing then fairing at 1100(˚C). The filters are harmless and\u0000environmentally friendly materials. Some assessments were carried out, such as (apparent porosity ratio, water absorption\u0000ratio, and apparent density). From the test results obtained the apparent porosity was 60.7% , water absorption was 89.3%\u0000and an apparent density of 0.68% with a 45% ratio of fine (P.F). \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Size and distribution of pores were\u0000characterized by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The crude petroleum treated with filters evaluated by tests\u0000such as (API Gravity, Sulfur Content, Asphaltenes Content, and Metallic Content). \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The result of API Gravity\u0000before immersion crude petroleum filter balls was 24.70 and after immersion crude petroleum filter balls for 7 days for 30\u0000% (P.F) increase to 31.0 and reach to 32.5 after immersion for 14 days. Sulfur Content before immersion crude petroleum\u0000filter balls was 3.76 and after immersion crude petroleum filter balls for 7 days for 30 % (P.F) decrease down to 3.1 and\u0000reach to 2.6 after immersion for 14 days.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000So Asphaltenes content before immersion crude petroleum filter\u0000balls was 6.68 and after immersion crude petroleum filter balls for 7 days 30 % (P.F) decreased down to 2 and reach to 1.6\u0000after immersion for 14 days, metallic contact such as Vanadium and Nickel before immersion crude petroleum filter balls\u0000respectively was 86 ppm, 32 ppm while after immersion crude petroleum filter balls for 7 days they become 53.26 ppm\u0000and 15.35 ppm and for 14 days they reached to 47.52 ppm and 11.43 ppm respectively.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45150540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-17DOI: 10.2174/2210681209666190220130002
Ali Behmaneshfar, A. Sadrnia, H. Karimi-Maleh
In recent years, the Design of Experiments (DOE) is used for removing pollutant from wastewater by nano-adsorbent. Some methods are Taguchi, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and factorial design. The aim of this paper is to review different used methods of DOE in removing pollutant to suggest some notations to scholars. The reviewed papers were searched in Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science randomly and categorized based on DOE methods. Number of factors and responses in DOE for removing pollutants from wastewater are between 2-6 and 1-4, respectively. There are several computer software programs that provide simple use of these methods, such as Qualitek, Design Expert, Minitab, R and Matlab Programming. All models have a coefficient of determination R-sq more than 0.9. All the mentioned methods are appropriate because of the high R-sq value. Since the largest number of runs are used in RSM, it is not suitable for the experiments which are conducted by expensive materials and process. Furthermore, Design Expert and Minitab are the most popular software used by scholars in DOE methods for the removal of pollutant.
近年来，采用实验设计法(DOE)去除废水中的污染物。一些方法有田口法、响应面法和析因设计。本文的目的是对DOE在去除污染物方面的不同应用方法进行综述，以供学者参考。随机检索b谷歌Scholar、Scopus和Web of science，并根据DOE方法进行分类。DOE中去除废水中污染物的因素和响应数量分别在2-6和1-4之间。有几个计算机软件程序提供了这些方法的简单使用，如Qualitek, Design Expert, Minitab, R和Matlab Programming。所有模型的决定系数R-sq均大于0.9。由于R-sq值较高，上述所有方法都是合适的。由于RSM的运行次数最多，因此不适合使用昂贵的材料和工艺进行的实验。此外，Design Expert和Minitab是学者们在DOE方法中最常用的去除污染物的软件。
{"title":"A Review of Different Types of DOE Methods as a Useful Platform for Improving the Performance of Nano Adsorbents in Removal Systems of Pollutants","authors":"Ali Behmaneshfar, A. Sadrnia, H. Karimi-Maleh","doi":"10.2174/2210681209666190220130002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681209666190220130002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000 In recent years, the Design of Experiments (DOE) is used for removing\u0000pollutant from wastewater by nano-adsorbent. Some methods are Taguchi, Response Surface\u0000Methodology (RSM) and factorial design. The aim of this paper is to review different used\u0000methods of DOE in removing pollutant to suggest some notations to scholars.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The reviewed papers were searched in Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science\u0000randomly and categorized based on DOE methods.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Number of factors and responses in DOE for removing pollutants from wastewater are\u0000between 2-6 and 1-4, respectively. There are several computer software programs that provide\u0000simple use of these methods, such as Qualitek, Design Expert, Minitab, R and Matlab Programming.\u0000All models have a coefficient of determination R-sq more than 0.9.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000All the mentioned methods are appropriate because of the high R-sq value. Since the\u0000largest number of runs are used in RSM, it is not suitable for the experiments which are conducted\u0000by expensive materials and process. Furthermore, Design Expert and Minitab are the most popular\u0000software used by scholars in DOE methods for the removal of pollutant.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45076498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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