Pub Date : 2022-03-14DOI: 10.2174/2210681212666220314101520
S. T. Morbale, Satish D. Patil
Background: Green synthesis of nanoparticles has been emerging as interesting and expanding research area due to environmentally friendly, non-toxic, clean, less costly route and also it can be done at room pressure and temperature. Blumea lacera is described as a valuable medicinal plant in many vital systems of medicines. The study explored the eco-friendly green synthesis of MnO2 NPs using Blumea lacera leaf extract. Method: Reduction of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) using Blumea lacera leaf extract were carried out at room temperature. The crude extract of Blumea lacera were added to metal ion reagents of specific volume and specific concentration at ambient temperature and stirred continuously using magnetic stirrer. The aqueous leaf extract reduced and stabilized the KMnO4 into MnO2 NPs. The MnO2 NPs obtained from the solution was purified and separated by repeated centrifugation using Remi cooling centrifuge model C-24. Results: The biosynthesized MnO2 NPs characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy showed an absorption peak at 400 nm. The XRD studies revealed the spherical shape of MnO2 NPs with an average particle diameter of 20 nm. FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups -OH, C=O, C=C, and C-H triggering the synthesis of MnO2 NPs. Vibrational mode at around 606.62 and 438.81 cm−1 supports the occurrence of O–Mn–O bond. Conclusion: The synthesized MnO2 NPs was found to be a good antibacterial and antifungal agent against bacterial stain Staphylococcus aureus, S. bacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli and fungal stain C. albicans, Aspergillus niger and Sclerotium rolfsii.
{"title":"Green synthesis of MnO2 NPs using Blumea lacera leaf extract and its antimicrobial study.","authors":"S. T. Morbale, Satish D. Patil","doi":"10.2174/2210681212666220314101520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681212666220314101520","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Background: Green synthesis of nanoparticles has been emerging as interesting and expanding research area due to environmentally friendly, non-toxic, clean, less costly route and also it can be done at room pressure and temperature. Blumea lacera is described as a valuable medicinal plant in many vital systems of medicines. The study explored the eco-friendly green synthesis of MnO2 NPs using Blumea lacera leaf extract.\u0000\u0000Method: Reduction of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) using Blumea lacera leaf extract were carried out at room temperature. The crude extract of Blumea lacera were added to metal ion reagents of specific volume and specific concentration at ambient temperature and stirred continuously using magnetic stirrer. The aqueous leaf extract reduced and stabilized the KMnO4 into MnO2 NPs. The MnO2 NPs obtained from the solution was purified and separated by repeated centrifugation using Remi cooling centrifuge model C-24.\u0000\u0000Results: The biosynthesized MnO2 NPs characterized by UV–Vis spectroscopy showed an absorption peak at 400 nm. The XRD studies revealed the spherical shape of MnO2 NPs with an average particle diameter of 20 nm. FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups -OH, C=O, C=C, and C-H triggering the synthesis of MnO2 NPs. Vibrational mode at around 606.62 and 438.81 cm−1 supports the occurrence of O–Mn–O bond. \u0000\u0000Conclusion: The synthesized MnO2 NPs was found to be a good antibacterial and antifungal agent against bacterial stain Staphylococcus aureus, S. bacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli and fungal stain C. albicans, Aspergillus niger and Sclerotium rolfsii.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76314286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-10DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220310162418
Deepika Joshi, Bhavna
This study aimed to design and statistically optimize the potential of intranasaly delivered chitosan wrapped linagliptin nanosuspension as an alternative approach for brain targeting for enhancing cognitive behaviour, increasing its solubility/permeability characteristics and reducing the side effects. Linagliptin nanosuspensions were prepared by nanoprecipitation method. We investigated the effects of independent variables, i.e., linagliptin concentration (D), Chitosan concentration (P) on the dependent factors like % drug loading (R1), % entrapment efficiency (R2) and % drug release (R3) via a central composite design. Furthermore, the optimized formulation was evaluated for surface morphology/size, ex-vivo permeation study, in-vitro release study, and stability study. The optimized formulation was further evaluated by different evaluation parameters such FESEM & TEM study of the optimized formulation (LS 1) showed spherical morphology. Mean particle size (250.7 nm), charge (-16.3 mV), % entrapment efficiency (95.8 ± 1.45 %), % drug loading (35.78 ± 0.19 %) was achieved. Saturation solubility (0.987 mg/ml), in vitro dissolution rate (89.65 ± 0.82 %) and ex vivo permeation (82.23 ± 1.25 %) of LS 1 were higher than pure Linagliptin. Response surface methodology was applied successfully to obtain LS 1 as an optimized formulation with enhanced solubility and dissolution characteristics at minimized dose alleviating side effects and with improvised cognitive effects. Thus, an efficient intranasal delivery platform of linagliptin based on nanosuspension was designed for bypassing the BBB and delivering therapeutics directly to the brain. This can be a futuristic approach for enhancing cognitive effects by linagliptin nanosuspension via intranasal route.
{"title":"Optimization of Chitosan Wrapped Linagliptin Nanosuspension For Cognitive Enhancement Through Intranasal Route","authors":"Deepika Joshi, Bhavna","doi":"10.2174/1568026622666220310162418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1568026622666220310162418","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This study aimed to design and statistically optimize the potential of intranasaly delivered chitosan wrapped linagliptin nanosuspension as an alternative approach for brain targeting for enhancing cognitive behaviour, increasing its solubility/permeability characteristics and reducing the side effects.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Linagliptin nanosuspensions were prepared by nanoprecipitation method. We investigated the effects of independent variables, i.e., linagliptin concentration (D), Chitosan concentration (P) on the dependent factors like % drug loading (R1), % entrapment efficiency (R2) and % drug release (R3) via a central composite design. Furthermore, the optimized formulation was evaluated for surface morphology/size, ex-vivo permeation study, in-vitro release study, and stability study.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The optimized formulation was further evaluated by different evaluation parameters such FESEM & TEM study of the optimized formulation (LS 1) showed spherical morphology. Mean particle size (250.7 nm), charge (-16.3 mV), % entrapment efficiency (95.8 ± 1.45 %), % drug loading (35.78 ± 0.19 %) was achieved. Saturation solubility (0.987 mg/ml), in vitro dissolution rate (89.65 ± 0.82 %) and ex vivo permeation (82.23 ± 1.25 %) of LS 1 were higher than pure Linagliptin.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Response surface methodology was applied successfully to obtain LS 1 as an optimized formulation with enhanced solubility and dissolution characteristics at minimized dose alleviating side effects and with improvised cognitive effects. Thus, an efficient intranasal delivery platform of linagliptin based on nanosuspension was designed for bypassing the BBB and delivering therapeutics directly to the brain. This can be a futuristic approach for enhancing cognitive effects by linagliptin nanosuspension via intranasal route.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84333435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-17DOI: 10.2174/2210681212666220217121830
P. Senthilkumar, S. Chandran, A. Kartsev, V. Shavrov, P. Lega, R. Subramani
Polymer-based nanofibril finds its application in various fields including tissue engineering, environmental monitoring, food packaging, and micro/nanoelectromechanical systems. These nanofibrils are subjected to chemical treatment and constant stress, which may cause permanent deformation to the fibrils when it is used. Therefore, the synthesis of well-defined nanofibrils and characterization techniques are key elements in identifying desired chemical and physical properties for suitable applications. Many methods have been developed to prepare individual nanofibrils, including electrospinning, phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly. Among all, self-assembly offers simple, efficient, and low-cost strategies that produce high-ordered nanofibirls using noncovalent interactions including hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, π-π interactions, and hydrophobic interactions. The first part of the review provides detailed molecular interactions and simulations that can be controlled to achieve the formation of well-defined individual nanofibrils. The second part of the review describes the various existing tools to characterize the chemical and physical properties of single nanofibrils including atomic force microscopy. In the final part of the review, recently developed novel nanotools that measure the mechanical properties of nanofibrils are described. By bridging the gap between molecular interactions and resulting nanoscale fibirls, physical and chemical properties may lead to the construction of novel nanomaterials in the area of nanoscience and nanotechnology.
{"title":"Preparation and chemical/physical characterization of individual nanoscaled fibrils","authors":"P. Senthilkumar, S. Chandran, A. Kartsev, V. Shavrov, P. Lega, R. Subramani","doi":"10.2174/2210681212666220217121830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681212666220217121830","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Polymer-based nanofibril finds its application in various fields including tissue engineering, environmental monitoring, food packaging, and micro/nanoelectromechanical systems. These nanofibrils are subjected to chemical treatment and constant stress, which may cause permanent deformation to the fibrils when it is used. Therefore, the synthesis of well-defined nanofibrils and characterization techniques are key elements in identifying desired chemical and physical properties for suitable applications. Many methods have been developed to prepare individual nanofibrils, including electrospinning, phase separation, template synthesis, and self-assembly. Among all, self-assembly offers simple, efficient, and low-cost strategies that produce high-ordered nanofibirls using noncovalent interactions including hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interactions, π-π interactions, and hydrophobic interactions. The first part of the review provides detailed molecular interactions and simulations that can be controlled to achieve the formation of well-defined individual nanofibrils. The second part of the review describes the various existing tools to characterize the chemical and physical properties of single nanofibrils including atomic force microscopy. In the final part of the review, recently developed novel nanotools that measure the mechanical properties of nanofibrils are described. By bridging the gap between molecular interactions and resulting nanoscale fibirls, physical and chemical properties may lead to the construction of novel nanomaterials in the area of nanoscience and nanotechnology.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49626472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.2174/2210681212666211230125315
M. Akple, G. Takyi
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is an important photocatalytic material that receives a lot of research attention globally. This is because of its favourable thermal and chemical stability as well as electronic band structure. However, the photocatalytic performance of the bulk g-C3N4 is limited by fast recombination of electron-hole pair and poor visible light-harvesting ability. Thus, different strategies, such as heterostructuring, nanotuning, doping, etc., have been adopted to overcome the aforementioned challenges to enhance the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4. In recent times, various nanostructured g-C3N4 photocatalytic materials with various tuned morphologies have been designed and fabricated in literature for different photocatalytic activities. This mini-review summarized the progress development of nanostructured g-C3N4 photocatalysts with various tuned morphologies for solar fuel generation. The article briefly highlights the research status of various g-C3N4 with tuned morphologies and enhanced solar fuel generation abilities. Finally, a conclusion and future research were also suggested, opening up new areas on g-C3N4 photocatalysis.
{"title":"A Mini-Review on Nanostructured g-C3N4 Photocatalysts for Solar Fuel Production","authors":"M. Akple, G. Takyi","doi":"10.2174/2210681212666211230125315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681212666211230125315","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is an important photocatalytic material that receives a lot of research attention globally. This is because of its favourable thermal and chemical stability as well as electronic band structure. However, the photocatalytic performance of the bulk g-C3N4 is limited by fast recombination of electron-hole pair and poor visible light-harvesting ability. Thus, different strategies, such as heterostructuring, nanotuning, doping, etc., have been adopted to overcome the aforementioned challenges to enhance the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4. In recent times, various nanostructured g-C3N4 photocatalytic materials with various tuned morphologies have been designed and fabricated in literature for different photocatalytic activities. This mini-review summarized the progress development of nanostructured g-C3N4 photocatalysts with various tuned morphologies for solar fuel generation. The article briefly highlights the research status of various g-C3N4 with tuned morphologies and enhanced solar fuel generation abilities. Finally, a conclusion and future research were also suggested, opening up new areas on g-C3N4 photocatalysis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49119461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-13DOI: 10.2174/2210681211666211013112929
M. Makwana, Ajay M. Patel
MWCNTs are elongated cylindrical nanoobjects made of sp2 carbon. They have a diameter of 3–30 nm and can grow to be several centimetres long. Therefore, their aspect ratio can range between 10 to 10 million. Carbon nanotubes are the foundation of nanotechnology. It is an exceptionally fascinating material. CNTs possess excellent properties such as mechanical, electrical, thermal, high adsorption, outstanding stiffness, high strength and low density with a high aspect ratio. These properties can be useful in the fabrication of revolutionary smart nano materials. Demand for lighter and more robust nano materials in different applications of nanotechnology is increasing every day. Various synthesis techniques for the fabrication of MWCNTs, such as CVD, Arc discharge, flame synthesis, laser ablation, and spray pyrolysis, are discussed in this review article, as are their recent applications in a variety of significant fields. The first section presents a brief introduction of CNTs, then the descriptions of synthesis methods and various applications of MWCNTs in the field of energy storage and conversion, biomedical, water treatment, drug delivery, biosensors, bucky papers and resonance-based biosensors are introduced in the second section. Due to their improved electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, MWCNTs have been extensively used in the manufacturing and deployment of flexible sensors.
{"title":"Multiwall carbon nanotubes: A review on synthesis and applications","authors":"M. Makwana, Ajay M. Patel","doi":"10.2174/2210681211666211013112929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681211666211013112929","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000MWCNTs are elongated cylindrical nanoobjects made of sp2 carbon. They have a diameter of 3–30 nm and can grow to be several centimetres long. Therefore, their aspect ratio can range between 10 to 10 million. Carbon nanotubes are the foundation of nanotechnology. It is an exceptionally fascinating material. CNTs possess excellent properties such as mechanical, electrical, thermal, high adsorption, outstanding stiffness, high strength and low density with a high aspect ratio. These properties can be useful in the fabrication of revolutionary smart nano materials. Demand for lighter and more robust nano materials in different applications of nanotechnology is increasing every day. Various synthesis techniques for the fabrication of MWCNTs, such as CVD, Arc discharge, flame synthesis, laser ablation, and spray pyrolysis, are discussed in this review article, as are their recent applications in a variety of significant fields. The first section presents a brief introduction of CNTs, then the descriptions of synthesis methods and various applications of MWCNTs in the field of energy storage and conversion, biomedical, water treatment, drug delivery, biosensors, bucky papers and resonance-based biosensors are introduced in the second section. Due to their improved electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties, MWCNTs have been extensively used in the manufacturing and deployment of flexible sensors.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45109784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-04DOI: 10.2174/2210681211666211004104152
H. Dehestani, A. Haddad, H. Karimi-Maleh
Layered silicates (nanoclay) are new types of nanomaterials derived from clay minerals with wide range application in different fields such as catalysts, soil industry and etc. Nanoclays are wide ranges of naturally occurring inorganic minerals with different derivatives. Montmorillonite is a well-known nanoclay consisting of 2:1 layered structure with two-silica tetrahedron sandwiching an alumina octahedron. In nature, nanoclays can be found in both crystalline (phyllosilicates) and non-crystalline (imogolite) forms. . Nanoclays incorporated into polymer matrices have demonstrated a significant capability to improve the tensile and barrier properties of soil. Nanoclays play a vital role in enhancing soil quality due to its high surface area and porous structure. On the other hand, due to the positive charge of sand grains and the chemical compositions of clay particles, the negatively charged clay particles help to create a good condition to improving soil properties. According to the best of our knowledge, there is not any review paper for study the role of nanoclays on soil samples. This review paper describes the role of nanoclay compounds in the improved properties of soil samples and introduces different types of modified nanoclays used in soil samples. Reported results showed nanoclays with the complex structures are useful nanomaterials for improving the quality of soil samples.
{"title":"Introducing nanoclay and silica-based composites as a new approach for improving chemical and mechanical properties of soil, A review","authors":"H. Dehestani, A. Haddad, H. Karimi-Maleh","doi":"10.2174/2210681211666211004104152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681211666211004104152","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Layered silicates (nanoclay) are new types of nanomaterials derived from clay minerals with wide range application in different fields such as catalysts, soil industry and etc. Nanoclays are wide ranges of naturally occurring inorganic minerals with different derivatives. Montmorillonite is a well-known nanoclay consisting of 2:1 layered structure with two-silica tetrahedron sandwiching an alumina octahedron. In nature, nanoclays can be found in both crystalline (phyllosilicates) and non-crystalline (imogolite) forms. . Nanoclays incorporated into polymer matrices have demonstrated a significant capability to improve the tensile and barrier properties of soil. Nanoclays play a vital role in enhancing soil quality due to its high surface area and porous structure. On the other hand, due to the positive charge of sand grains and the chemical compositions of clay particles, the negatively charged clay particles help to create a good condition to improving soil properties. According to the best of our knowledge, there is not any review paper for study the role of nanoclays on soil samples. This review paper describes the role of nanoclay compounds in the improved properties of soil samples and introduces different types of modified nanoclays used in soil samples. Reported results showed nanoclays with the complex structures are useful nanomaterials for improving the quality of soil samples.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44295709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-01DOI: 10.2174/2210681211666211001130028
Zahra Rezvanjoo, F. Raofie
To propose a modified RESS method of herbal pharmaceutical extracts nanoparticle production. A vast number of methods have been applied to water-insoluble pharmaceuticals to improve their solubility. Nanoparticle production of pharmaceuticals is considered as one of the high-speed ways to improve solubility. Supercritical CO2 was applied to extract Zingiber officinale Roscoe rhizome pharmaceutical. Then a modified RESS (rapid expansion of supercritical solution) method, called ESS (expansion of supercritical solution), was exerted to obtain NPs (nanoparticles) of the extracted pharmaceuticals. Initially, applying high pressure in supercritical CO2 contributed to the extract dissolution such that supercritical CO2 was saturated with the sample. Then by decreasing the pressure, an expansion occurred in the saturated medium. This expansion reduced the power of supercritical CO2 solvent and induced the sample nanoparticle nucleation in the needle valve. Unlike rapid expansion of supercritical solution methodology, in this technique, the initial and secondary pressures were permanently above the critical pressure to provide a gentle expansion, which contributes to the production of uniform and small particles. The obtained uniform NPs had a narrow size distribution. Consequently, ESS technique can be considered as an efficient technique for improving the solubility of hydrophobic pharmaceuticals such as [6]-gingerol.
{"title":"Nanoparticle Production of Zingiber officinale Roscoe Rhizome Extracts by ESS (expansion of supercritical solution)","authors":"Zahra Rezvanjoo, F. Raofie","doi":"10.2174/2210681211666211001130028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681211666211001130028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000 To propose a modified RESS method of herbal pharmaceutical extracts nanoparticle production.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 A vast number of methods have been applied to water-insoluble pharmaceuticals to improve their solubility. Nanoparticle production of pharmaceuticals is considered as one of the high-speed ways to improve solubility.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 Supercritical CO2 was applied to extract Zingiber officinale Roscoe rhizome pharmaceutical. Then a modified RESS (rapid expansion of supercritical solution) method, called ESS (expansion of supercritical solution), was exerted to obtain NPs (nanoparticles) of the extracted pharmaceuticals. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Initially, applying high pressure in supercritical CO2 contributed to the extract dissolution such that supercritical CO2 was saturated with the sample. Then by decreasing the pressure, an expansion occurred in the saturated medium. This expansion reduced the power of supercritical CO2 solvent and induced the sample nanoparticle nucleation in the needle valve. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Unlike rapid expansion of supercritical solution methodology, in this technique, the initial and secondary pressures were permanently above the critical pressure to provide a gentle expansion, which contributes to the production of uniform and small particles. The obtained uniform NPs had a narrow size distribution. Consequently, ESS technique can be considered as an efficient technique for improving the solubility of hydrophobic pharmaceuticals such as [6]-gingerol.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48285789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-08DOI: 10.2174/2210681211666210908144839
Dhwani Rana, Sagar Salave, Suraj Longare, R. Agarwal, K. Kalia, Derajram Benival
Cancer continues to be the most annihilating illness and despite vast research in understanding cancer biology as well as rational drug designing progressing profoundly, cancer remains the second leading cause of death worldwide. The conventional chemotherapeutic agents being exploited for cancer therapy contain several limitations, including less selectivity, nonspecific targeting and high off-target effects, and the emergence of multidrug resistance. These drawbacks can be addressed by employing the use of nanotherapeutics. The main objective of this review is to summarize various mechanisms of cancer genesis. It focuses on several strategies employed for modifying nano formulations for localization and emerging stimuli-based nanotherapeutics with recent examples. The method involved the collection of the articles from different search engines like Google, PubMed, and ScienceDirect for the literature to get appropriate information regarding the topics. Studies revealed that nanoscale-based therapy provides targeted delivery, minimizes the off-target effects, and improves the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment modalities. The characteristics of nanoparticles like larger surface area become favourable and provide a platform for surface modifications, thereby improving cell targeting, internalization, and opportunities for delivering multiple agents. Advances in rational designing like stimuli-responsive therapies employing the use of sensitive nanocarriers, further provide high specificity, controlled release, and more efficient delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. Characteristics of the nanoscale delivery system like larger surface area provide us with ample options for desired modifications, hence providing multimodal delivery of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment. Nano therapy serves well as a potential tool for improving cancer therapies.
{"title":"Nanotherapeutics in Tumour Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy","authors":"Dhwani Rana, Sagar Salave, Suraj Longare, R. Agarwal, K. Kalia, Derajram Benival","doi":"10.2174/2210681211666210908144839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681211666210908144839","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Cancer continues to be the most annihilating illness and despite vast research in understanding cancer biology as well as rational drug designing progressing profoundly, cancer remains the second leading cause of death worldwide. The conventional chemotherapeutic agents being exploited for cancer therapy contain several limitations, including less selectivity, nonspecific targeting and high off-target effects, and the emergence of multidrug resistance. These drawbacks can be addressed by employing the use of nanotherapeutics.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The main objective of this review is to summarize various mechanisms of cancer genesis. It focuses on several strategies employed for modifying nano formulations for localization and emerging stimuli-based nanotherapeutics with recent examples. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The method involved the collection of the articles from different search engines like Google, PubMed, and ScienceDirect for the literature to get appropriate information regarding the topics.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Studies revealed that nanoscale-based therapy provides targeted delivery, minimizes the off-target effects, and improves the therapeutic efficacy of the treatment modalities. The characteristics of nanoparticles like larger surface area become favourable and provide a platform for surface modifications, thereby improving cell targeting, internalization, and opportunities for delivering multiple agents. Advances in rational designing like stimuli-responsive therapies employing the use of sensitive nanocarriers, further provide high specificity, controlled release, and more efficient delivery of chemotherapeutic agents.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Characteristics of the nanoscale delivery system like larger surface area provide us with ample options for desired modifications, hence providing multimodal delivery of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer treatment. Nano therapy serves well as a potential tool for improving cancer therapies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47536634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-08DOI: 10.2174/2210681211666210908141441
F. J, V. Babu
The work investigates the performance of intrinsic layers with and without band-gap tailoring in single-junction amorphous silicon-based photovoltaic cells. The work proposes single-junction amorphous silicon solar cells in which band-gap grading has been done between layers as well as within each layer for the first time. The samples of hydrogenated amorphous silicon-germanium with different mole fractions are fabricated, and their band-gaps are validated through optical characterization and material characterization. A single-junction solar cell with an intrinsic layer made up of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (aSi:H) having a band-gap of 1.6 eV is replaced by continuously graded hydrogenated amorphous silicon-germanium (aSi1-xGe x :H ) intrinsic bottom layers having band-gaps ranging from 0.9 eV to 1.5 eV. The proposed structure has been considered as a variant of previously designed single-junction band-gap tailored structures. The suitable utilization of band-gap tailoring on the intrinsic absorber layer aids more incident photons in energy conversion and thereby attain a better short circuit current density of 19.89 mA/cm2. A comparative study on performance parameters of solar cell structures with graded band-gap intrinsic layer and the ungraded single band-gap intrinsic layer has been done. The graded band-gap intrinsic layer structure results in better conversion efficiency of 15.55%, while its ungraded counterpart contributes only 14.76 %. Further, the proposed solar structure is compared with the performance parameters of recent related works. The layers used in the proposed solar structure are of amorphous-phase only, which reduces structural complexity. The use of a lesser number of active layers reduces the number of fabrication steps and manufacturing cost compared to state-of-the-art.
{"title":"Impact of Band-Gap Graded Intrinsic Layer on Single-Junction Band-Gap Tailored Solar Cells","authors":"F. J, V. Babu","doi":"10.2174/2210681211666210908141441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2210681211666210908141441","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The work investigates the performance of intrinsic layers with and without band-gap tailoring in single-junction amorphous silicon-based photovoltaic cells. The work proposes single-junction amorphous silicon solar cells in which band-gap grading has been done between layers as well as within each layer for the first time.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The samples of hydrogenated amorphous silicon-germanium with different mole fractions are fabricated, and their band-gaps are validated through optical characterization and material characterization. A single-junction solar cell with an intrinsic layer made up of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (aSi:H) having a band-gap of 1.6 eV is replaced by continuously graded hydrogenated amorphous silicon-germanium (aSi1-xGe x :H ) intrinsic bottom layers having band-gaps ranging from 0.9 eV to 1.5 eV. The proposed structure has been considered as a variant of previously designed single-junction band-gap tailored structures. \u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The suitable utilization of band-gap tailoring on the intrinsic absorber layer aids more incident photons in energy conversion and thereby attain a better short circuit current density of 19.89 mA/cm2.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A comparative study on performance parameters of solar cell structures with graded band-gap intrinsic layer and the ungraded single band-gap intrinsic layer has been done. The graded band-gap intrinsic layer structure results in better conversion efficiency of 15.55%, while its ungraded counterpart contributes only 14.76 %. Further, the proposed solar structure is compared with the performance parameters of recent related works. The layers used in the proposed solar structure are of amorphous-phase only, which reduces structural complexity. The use of a lesser number of active layers reduces the number of fabrication steps and manufacturing cost compared to state-of-the-art.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38913,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Asia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41374229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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