Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.2174/1874303X01912010009
A. M. Nwaha, T. Sala, L. W. Tchuenkam, G. Dongmo, Georges Kabko, Angwafo Fru
Circumcision is the oldest and most common surgical procedure in the world. One out of three adult males is subjected to this procedure at some point in their lives. Circumcision is done for different reasons, most often to meet religious and/or cultural obligations. Though rare, there exist medical indications for this procedure. As in all surgical procedures, there are early or late complications or morbidities associated with circumcision ranging from mild to severe. The factors that influence the rate of occurrence of complications include: the surgical technique applied, the degree of asepsis during the procedure, and the expertise of the practitioner carrying out the procedure. This is the case of a 20-year-old black male. He presented in the emergency department of the Douala Laquintinie Hospital (DLH) two hours after circumcision with persistent bleeding from the penile wound. This was performed by a traditional healer using the technique of guillotine. Examination of the external genitalia revealed a wound on the penis with loss of skin over the whole penile shaft. Under spinal anesthesia, a reconstruction intervention which involved a single step scrotal skin flap advancement over the penile shaft was done. We noted satisfactory healing process with a pleasing aesthetic appearance of the penis. He confirmed satisfactory penile erection and sexual activity two months after hospital discharge. Circumcision is a simple surgical procedure that can result to life threatening complications or high morbidity more often when performed by an unskilled practitioner. Education of the population on the safer sites of circumcision can help in the prevention and early management of complications.
{"title":"Successful Reconstruction of the Penile Skin Loss Using a Scrotal Flap as a Result of Complete Resection Following a Traditional Circumcision: A Case Report","authors":"A. M. Nwaha, T. Sala, L. W. Tchuenkam, G. Dongmo, Georges Kabko, Angwafo Fru","doi":"10.2174/1874303X01912010009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874303X01912010009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Circumcision is the oldest and most common surgical procedure in the world. One out of three adult males is subjected to this procedure at some point in their lives. Circumcision is done for different reasons, most often to meet religious and/or cultural obligations. Though rare, there exist medical indications for this procedure. As in all surgical procedures, there are early or late complications or morbidities associated with circumcision ranging from mild to severe. The factors that influence the rate of occurrence of complications include: the surgical technique applied, the degree of asepsis during the procedure, and the expertise of the practitioner carrying out the procedure.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 This is the case of a 20-year-old black male. He presented in the emergency department of the Douala Laquintinie Hospital (DLH) two hours after circumcision with persistent bleeding from the penile wound. This was performed by a traditional healer using the technique of guillotine. Examination of the external genitalia revealed a wound on the penis with loss of skin over the whole penile shaft. Under spinal anesthesia, a reconstruction intervention which involved a single step scrotal skin flap advancement over the penile shaft was done. We noted satisfactory healing process with a pleasing aesthetic appearance of the penis. He confirmed satisfactory penile erection and sexual activity two months after hospital discharge.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Circumcision is a simple surgical procedure that can result to life threatening complications or high morbidity more often when performed by an unskilled practitioner. Education of the population on the safer sites of circumcision can help in the prevention and early management of complications.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44548906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-31DOI: 10.2174/1874303X01912010004
Louisa M. S. Gerhardt, A. Bock, R. Marti, S. Segerer
Grafts, which allow early cannulation have been increasingly used to avoid starting dialysis via tunneled hemodialysis catheters. As we noted graft failures in patients with early cannulation grafts, we reviewed the outcome of these grafts and compared it to ePTFE grafts. We retrospectively analyzed time to first intervention, primary and secondary patency rates as well as the number of interventions needed to maintain patency in patients who received an early cannulation graft (GORE® ACUSEAL, acuseal) or an ePTFE (GORE-TEX®) vascular graft between January 2016 and November 2017 in our medical center. 12 patients who had received an acuseal vascular graft were compared with 13 patients with an ePTFE vascular graft. The mean time to first intervention was similar in both groups. On average 0.33 interventions per graft were needed per month to maintain patency in the acuseal group, and 0.08 in the ePTFE group (p = 0.02). The primary patency rate did not differ significantly between the groups. The secondary patency rate at the end of the observation period was significantly worse in the acuseal group (p = 0.02). Four acuseal grafts were lost after a mean of 202 days, whereas none of the ePTFE grafts was lost. Our data is consistent with our clinical impression of an increased number of interventions and lower longevity of the acuseal vascular graft. These data need conformation in a larger cohort.
{"title":"Comparison of Acuseal and Standard ePTFE Vascular Grafts for Hemodialysis: A Retrospective Case Series","authors":"Louisa M. S. Gerhardt, A. Bock, R. Marti, S. Segerer","doi":"10.2174/1874303X01912010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874303X01912010004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Grafts, which allow early cannulation have been increasingly used to avoid starting dialysis via tunneled hemodialysis catheters. As we noted graft failures in patients with early cannulation grafts, we reviewed the outcome of these grafts and compared it to ePTFE grafts.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We retrospectively analyzed time to first intervention, primary and secondary patency rates as well as the number of interventions needed to maintain patency in patients who received an early cannulation graft (GORE® ACUSEAL, acuseal) or an ePTFE (GORE-TEX®) vascular graft between January 2016 and November 2017 in our medical center.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 12 patients who had received an acuseal vascular graft were compared with 13 patients with an ePTFE vascular graft. The mean time to first intervention was similar in both groups. On average 0.33 interventions per graft were needed per month to maintain patency in the acuseal group, and 0.08 in the ePTFE group (p = 0.02). The primary patency rate did not differ significantly between the groups. The secondary patency rate at the end of the observation period was significantly worse in the acuseal group (p = 0.02). Four acuseal grafts were lost after a mean of 202 days, whereas none of the ePTFE grafts was lost.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Our data is consistent with our clinical impression of an increased number of interventions and lower longevity of the acuseal vascular graft. These data need conformation in a larger cohort.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45825669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-28DOI: 10.2174/1874303X01912010001
D. Takamoto, T. Kawahara, T. Takeshima, Shinnosuke Kuroda, T. Mochizuki, K. Makiyama, Y. Yumura, J. Teranishi, H. Uemura
Renal transplantation is a useful option for allowing female renal failure patients of childbearing age to achieve pregnancy. However, there have been a few reports on the effects of renal transplantation on infertility treatment in male renal failure patients. We herein report two cases in which male patients underwent infertility treatment after renal transplantation. Case 1: A 51-year-old Asian (Japanese) man underwent transplantation (the donor was his wife) for renal failure due to Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD). At two years after transplantation, he visited the reproduction center in our institute due to infertility. A semen analysis revealed oligoasthenozoospermia. He ultimately failed to achieve pregnancy and gave up on infertility treatment. Case 2: A 47-year-old Asian (Japanese) man underwent renal transplantation (the donor was his sister) due to renal failure caused by diabetes mellitus. At three years after renal transplantation, he visited the reproduction center in our institute for infertility. Due to ejaculation disability and the absence of sperm in the patient’s urine after masturbation, he was diagnosed with anejaculation. Thus, testicular sperm extraction (TESE) was performed. Twenty-three motile spermatozoa were successfully retrieved by microdissection TESE (micro-TESE). ICSI was subsequently performed and a good embryo was transferred. His wife achieved pregnancy and is expected to deliver this October. We report two cases of male infertility treatment after renal transplantation.
{"title":"The Treatment of Male Infertility After Allograft Renal Transplantation: A Case Series","authors":"D. Takamoto, T. Kawahara, T. Takeshima, Shinnosuke Kuroda, T. Mochizuki, K. Makiyama, Y. Yumura, J. Teranishi, H. Uemura","doi":"10.2174/1874303X01912010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874303X01912010001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Renal transplantation is a useful option for allowing female renal failure patients of childbearing age to achieve pregnancy. However, there have been a few reports on the effects of renal transplantation on infertility treatment in male renal failure patients. We herein report two cases in which male patients underwent infertility treatment after renal transplantation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Case 1: A 51-year-old Asian (Japanese) man underwent transplantation (the donor was his wife) for renal failure due to Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD). At two years after transplantation, he visited the reproduction center in our institute due to infertility. A semen analysis revealed oligoasthenozoospermia. He ultimately failed to achieve pregnancy and gave up on infertility treatment.\u0000 Case 2: A 47-year-old Asian (Japanese) man underwent renal transplantation (the donor was his sister) due to renal failure caused by diabetes mellitus. At three years after renal transplantation, he visited the reproduction center in our institute for infertility. Due to ejaculation disability and the absence of sperm in the patient’s urine after masturbation, he was diagnosed with anejaculation. Thus, testicular sperm extraction (TESE) was performed. Twenty-three motile spermatozoa were successfully retrieved by microdissection TESE (micro-TESE). ICSI was subsequently performed and a good embryo was transferred. His wife achieved pregnancy and is expected to deliver this October.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 We report two cases of male infertility treatment after renal transplantation.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49395934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.2174/1874303X01811010087
J. Hajal, Y. Saliba, N. Joubran, G. Sleilaty, D. Chacra, S. Assaad, D. Chelala, N. Fares
Intradialytic hypertension is identified as an independent predictor of adverse clinical outcome in hemodialysis patients. Little is known about its pathophysiological mechanism. The aim of this study is to provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying this arterial pressure dysregulation. 62 subjects on chronic hemodialysis were included in this study. Blood pressure was monitored before, during and following each dialysis session for a 3-month period. Pre- and post-dialysis blood samples were drawn from all the subjects to perform immunoassays, monocyte extractions and western blot analyses. Blood pressure values separated the subjects with in two groups: normal blood pressure (n=53) and intradialytic hypertension (n=9) groups. Renin, angiotensin converting enzyme I and aldosterone plasma concentrations significantly diverged between the groups. Vascular endothelial nitric oxide assessment revealed significantly lower plasma L-citrulline and angiotensin-converting enzyme II in post-dialysis intradialytic hypertensive patients, along with high endothelin I and asymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations. Plasma collectrin levels were significantly higher in pre and post-dialysis intradialytic hypertensive group compared to a normal blood pressure group. Post-dialysis interleukin 6 was significantly higher in intradialytic hypertensive group compared to normal blood pressure group. Finally, pre-dialysis intradialytic hypertension was associated with significantly higher circulating vascular endothelial growth factor C with monocytic up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor C/tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein expression. Impairment of vascular endothelial nitric oxide key regulatory elements, as well as monocytic vascular endothelial growth factor C seems to be more prevalent in intradialytic hypertension. These clues could pinpoint novel therapeutic interventions in intradialytic hypertension management.
{"title":"New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Intradialytic Hypertension","authors":"J. Hajal, Y. Saliba, N. Joubran, G. Sleilaty, D. Chacra, S. Assaad, D. Chelala, N. Fares","doi":"10.2174/1874303X01811010087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874303X01811010087","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 Intradialytic hypertension is identified as an independent predictor of adverse clinical outcome in hemodialysis patients. Little is known about its pathophysiological mechanism.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 The aim of this study is to provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying this arterial pressure dysregulation.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 62 subjects on chronic hemodialysis were included in this study. Blood pressure was monitored before, during and following each dialysis session for a 3-month period. Pre- and post-dialysis blood samples were drawn from all the subjects to perform immunoassays, monocyte extractions and western blot analyses.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Blood pressure values separated the subjects with in two groups: normal blood pressure (n=53) and intradialytic hypertension (n=9) groups. Renin, angiotensin converting enzyme I and aldosterone plasma concentrations significantly diverged between the groups. Vascular endothelial nitric oxide assessment revealed significantly lower plasma L-citrulline and angiotensin-converting enzyme II in post-dialysis intradialytic hypertensive patients, along with high endothelin I and asymmetric dimethylarginine concentrations. Plasma collectrin levels were significantly higher in pre and post-dialysis intradialytic hypertensive group compared to a normal blood pressure group. Post-dialysis interleukin 6 was significantly higher in intradialytic hypertensive group compared to normal blood pressure group. Finally, pre-dialysis intradialytic hypertension was associated with significantly higher circulating vascular endothelial growth factor C with monocytic up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor C/tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein expression.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Impairment of vascular endothelial nitric oxide key regulatory elements, as well as monocytic vascular endothelial growth factor C seems to be more prevalent in intradialytic hypertension. These clues could pinpoint novel therapeutic interventions in intradialytic hypertension management.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44831855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-31DOI: 10.2174/1874303X01811010100
L. V. Thang, P. N. H. Tuan, N. Kien, Nguyen Tien Dung, N. T. Tue, Nguyen D. Duong, Nguyen T. T. Ha, D. T. Van, Nguyen Van Duc, Vu Xuan Nghia, N. H. Dung, Nguyen Thanh Huong, P. Dung
To evaluate incidence of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) in the AKI Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients and predictive value of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) measured at the admission in mortality of SA-AKI and non SA-AKI. A study of 101 consecutive adult patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) diagnosed as AKI in which there were 60 patients with SA-AKI. Acute kidney injury was defined based on Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria. Serum NGAL was measured using the BioVendor Human Lipocalin-2/NGAL ELISA with blood sample taken at admission. Incidence of septic acute kidney injury was 59.4%, incidence of death patients reached 20.0%. Mean concentration of serum NGAL in death group was 633.56 ng/ml, higher significantly than that of survival patients (328.84 ng/ml), p<0.005. Serum NGAL in non SA-AKI patients showed a better prognostic value to predict hospital mortality than that in SA-AKI patients (AUC: 0.894 and 0,807 respectively; p < 0.005) In SA-AKI patients, serum NGAL and mortality rate increased along with the stage of AKI. Serum NGAL, measuring at admission time, was a good prognostic biomarker of mortality in both SA-AKI and non SA-AKI patients.
{"title":"Serum Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin Measured at Admission to Predict Mortality in Sepsis-associated Acute Kidney Injury of Vietnamese Critically Ill Patients","authors":"L. V. Thang, P. N. H. Tuan, N. Kien, Nguyen Tien Dung, N. T. Tue, Nguyen D. Duong, Nguyen T. T. Ha, D. T. Van, Nguyen Van Duc, Vu Xuan Nghia, N. H. Dung, Nguyen Thanh Huong, P. Dung","doi":"10.2174/1874303X01811010100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874303X01811010100","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 To evaluate incidence of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) in the AKI Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients and predictive value of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) measured at the admission in mortality of SA-AKI and non SA-AKI.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 A study of 101 consecutive adult patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) diagnosed as AKI in which there were 60 patients with SA-AKI. Acute kidney injury was defined based on Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) criteria. Serum NGAL was measured using the BioVendor Human Lipocalin-2/NGAL ELISA with blood sample taken at admission.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Incidence of septic acute kidney injury was 59.4%, incidence of death patients reached 20.0%. Mean concentration of serum NGAL in death group was 633.56 ng/ml, higher significantly than that of survival patients (328.84 ng/ml), p<0.005. Serum NGAL in non SA-AKI patients showed a better prognostic value to predict hospital mortality than that in SA-AKI patients (AUC: 0.894 and 0,807 respectively; p < 0.005)\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 In SA-AKI patients, serum NGAL and mortality rate increased along with the stage of AKI. Serum NGAL, measuring at admission time, was a good prognostic biomarker of mortality in both SA-AKI and non SA-AKI patients.\u0000","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41492322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) has been found as a circulating hormone and pathogenic factor in many disease conditions. This review focuses on recent advances in FGF-23 as a therapeutic target, including fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, FGF-23 antibody, FGF-23 C-terminal peptide, CYP24A1 inhibitor, and FGF-23 antagonist. We also update the advantages and disadvantages of targeting upstream and downstream molecules in FGF-23 signaling pathways.
{"title":"Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 as a Therapeutic Target","authors":"Fan Li, Zhousheng Xiao","doi":"10.17140/npoj-4-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/npoj-4-118","url":null,"abstract":"This fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23) has been found as a circulating hormone and pathogenic factor in many disease conditions. This review focuses on recent advances in FGF-23 as a therapeutic target, including fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, FGF-23 antibody, FGF-23 C-terminal peptide, CYP24A1 inhibitor, and FGF-23 antagonist. We also update the advantages and disadvantages of targeting upstream and downstream molecules in FGF-23 signaling pathways.","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84620604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With this in consideration, Replicating Evidence of Preserved Renal Function: Investigation of Tolvaptan Safety and Efficacy (REPRISE) trial was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of Tolvaptan in patients with later stage ADPKD. In this trial, 1370 patients with later-stage ADPKD were randomized. These patients were either 18 to 55-years-old with eGFR of 25 to 65 mL per minute per 1.73 m2 of body surface area or 56 to 65-years-old with eGFR of 25 to 44 mL per minute per 1.73 m2. The primary end-point of this trial was the change in eGFR between baseline and end of trial period, with adjustments made for exact duration that each patient participated for, interpolated to 1 year.
考虑到这一点，我们进行了复制保存肾功能的证据:托伐普坦安全性和有效性的调查(REPRISE)试验，以评估托伐普坦在晚期ADPKD患者中的有效性和安全性。在这项试验中，1370名晚期ADPKD患者被随机分组。这些患者要么是18 - 55岁，每1.73 m2体表面积eGFR为25 - 65 mL /分钟，要么是56 - 65岁，每1.73 m2体表面积eGFR为25 - 44 mL /分钟。该试验的主要终点是基线和试验结束期间eGFR的变化，并根据每个患者参与的确切持续时间进行调整，插值到1年。
{"title":"Review of the REPRISE Trial: Tolvaptan in Later-Stage Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease","authors":"Soroush Nomigolzar, Hima Patel","doi":"10.17140/npoj-4-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/npoj-4-119","url":null,"abstract":"With this in consideration, Replicating Evidence of Preserved Renal Function: Investigation of Tolvaptan Safety and Efficacy (REPRISE) trial was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of Tolvaptan in patients with later stage ADPKD. In this trial, 1370 patients with later-stage ADPKD were randomized. These patients were either 18 to 55-years-old with eGFR of 25 to 65 mL per minute per 1.73 m2 of body surface area or 56 to 65-years-old with eGFR of 25 to 44 mL per minute per 1.73 m2. The primary end-point of this trial was the change in eGFR between baseline and end of trial period, with adjustments made for exact duration that each patient participated for, interpolated to 1 year.","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76639262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), a major contributor to health care burden, is defined by persistent indicators of renal structural and or functional abnormalities. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity are important causes of chronic renal functional impairment. Increased consumption of carbonated beverages, high salt intake, smoking, and in developing countries, environmental toxic products, infections, pesticides, herbal medicines, use of contaminated water remain etiologic determinants of chronic nephropathy. CKD remains a high risk for cardiovascular disease and end-stage renal failure. Awareness by the public and healthcare providers of its determinants and its prognostic significance can prevent or reduce the development of CKD. In addition, adequate glycemic and blood pressure control preferably with blockers of the renin Angiotensin system are required therapeutic approaches. Acute kidney injury, a common complication of critically patients is associated with high mortality and, in survivals, of increased risk of CKD.
{"title":"Current Trends in Chronic Kidney Disease","authors":"A. Berbari, N. Daouk, M. Daouk","doi":"10.17140/NPOJ-4-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17140/NPOJ-4-120","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic kidney disease (CKD), a major contributor to health care burden, is defined by persistent indicators of renal structural and or functional abnormalities. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity are important causes of chronic renal functional impairment. Increased consumption of carbonated beverages, high salt intake, smoking, and in developing countries, environmental toxic products, infections, pesticides, herbal medicines, use of contaminated water remain etiologic determinants of chronic nephropathy. CKD remains a high risk for cardiovascular disease and end-stage renal failure. Awareness by the public and healthcare providers of its determinants and its prognostic significance can prevent or reduce the development of CKD. In addition, adequate glycemic and blood pressure control preferably with blockers of the renin Angiotensin system are required therapeutic approaches. Acute kidney injury, a common complication of critically patients is associated with high mortality and, in survivals, of increased risk of CKD.","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85950989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-30DOI: 10.2174/1874303X01811010079
Jeremy C. Nettleton, A. Adimonye, J. Manley, J. Jelski, W. Doherty, M. Rees, Biral Patel
Tranexamic acid has been shown to be an effective agent in reducing blood loss in various surgical procedures; however, there is a dearth of evidence for its use and potential side effects in urological surgical procedures. This review discusses the pathophysiology of tranexamic acid, its use in traumatic and surgical bleeding and the current evidence for its potential utilisation in urological surgery.
{"title":"The Use of Peri-operative Tranexamic Acid and its Potential Applications to Urological Surgery","authors":"Jeremy C. Nettleton, A. Adimonye, J. Manley, J. Jelski, W. Doherty, M. Rees, Biral Patel","doi":"10.2174/1874303X01811010079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874303X01811010079","url":null,"abstract":"Tranexamic acid has been shown to be an effective agent in reducing blood loss in various surgical procedures; however, there is a dearth of evidence for its use and potential side effects in urological surgical procedures. This review discusses the pathophysiology of tranexamic acid, its use in traumatic and surgical bleeding and the current evidence for its potential utilisation in urological surgery.","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45205015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-24DOI: 10.2174/1874303X01811010072
B. Dsouza, R. Prabhu, B. Unnikrishnan, R. Kamath
Patient education is associated with better patient outcomes and supported by international guidelines and organizations like KDIGO,DOQI, CDC, DA vita that provide essential resources for patient information across the spectrum of kidney disease but a range of barriers prevent widespread implementation of comprehensive education for people with progressive kidney disease. It is not only of prime importance to have an adequate number of nephrologists only but also of equal importance to have a multidisciplinary team of renal dietician, renal nurses, social worker, clinical psychologist and pharmacist to improve patient’s knowledge about disease management and treatment options.This review paper aims at reviewing the effects of various educational interventions among maintenance hemodialysis patients.There are substantial systematic reviews and narrative reviews on the effect of predialyis education, however evidence on the effectiveness of education intervention among end stage renal failure patients on maintenance dialysis needs compilation and extensive research of its effect on various patient outcomes. This review aims to compile evidence on effective components of dialysis education programs on patient related outcomes. PubMed Medline, Cochrane Library with the main search terms of “hemodialysis ”, “maintenance dialysis”, “multidisciplinary ”, “interdisciplinary “, “education”, “information”, and “decision” were performed.
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