Pub Date : 2016-03-17DOI: 10.2174/1874303X01609010035
P. Dubernard, E. Pricaz
Introduction and Objectives: Our aim is to develop a device which is simpler, less expensive, but equally or more effective than currently available devices including the artificial urinary sphincter. Method: Based on our knowledge of and experience with other devices we designed the Ustrap. The theoretical advantages of our approach are described as is the development to the current (3 rd ) version.
{"title":"Treatment of Male Urinary Incontinence with An Adjustable Implantable Medical Device: Ustrap","authors":"P. Dubernard, E. Pricaz","doi":"10.2174/1874303X01609010035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874303X01609010035","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction and Objectives: Our aim is to develop a device which is simpler, less expensive, but equally or more effective than currently available devices including the artificial urinary sphincter. Method: Based on our knowledge of and experience with other devices we designed the Ustrap. The theoretical advantages of our approach are described as is the development to the current (3 rd ) version.","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"35-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68066968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-11DOI: 10.2174/1874303X01609010006
V. Niyyar
A myriad of factors play into the relationship between gout, hyperuricemia and kidney disease: the role of the kidney in uric acid excretion, the possible impact of hyperuricemia on progression of renal disease and in some reports, the mitigation of progression with therapeutic intervention. However, even though it is widely accepted that CKD worsens hyperuricemia, there is a lively debate on whether the reverse holds true as well. The rising prevalence of both CKD and hyperuricemia has further stimulated this interest, with the link suspected to be related to inflammatory components in both conditions. In this thematic issue, we discuss the effect of inflammasomes and the role of the innate immune system on hyperuricemia and gout, and its impact on kidney disease.
{"title":"Editorial: Current Perspectives in Hyperuricemia, Gout and the Kidney","authors":"V. Niyyar","doi":"10.2174/1874303X01609010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874303X01609010006","url":null,"abstract":"A myriad of factors play into the relationship between gout, hyperuricemia and kidney disease: the role of the kidney in uric acid excretion, the possible impact of hyperuricemia on progression of renal disease and in some reports, the mitigation of progression with therapeutic intervention. However, even though it is widely accepted that CKD worsens hyperuricemia, there is a lively debate on whether the reverse holds true as well. The rising prevalence of both CKD and hyperuricemia has further stimulated this interest, with the link suspected to be related to inflammatory components in both conditions. In this thematic issue, we discuss the effect of inflammasomes and the role of the innate immune system on hyperuricemia and gout, and its impact on kidney disease.","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"6-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68066799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-11DOI: 10.2174/1874303X01609010012
W. Finn
The clinical manifestations and consequence of acute and chronic gout are closely associated with the activation of the innate immune system, stimulation of the NLP3 inflammasome and secretion of interleukin-1�≤ and interleukin-18 via caspace-1 activity. This leads to cytokine release and an inflammatory response. It is now clear that a similar involvement of the innate immune system occurs in many forms of acute and chronic kidney disease with accentuation of renal tubular injury and stimulation of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The local and systemic activation of the innate immune system may help explain the close association of these conditions and provide a target for therapeutic interdiction.
{"title":"Kidney Disease and Gout: The Role of the Innate Immune System","authors":"W. Finn","doi":"10.2174/1874303X01609010012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874303X01609010012","url":null,"abstract":"The clinical manifestations and consequence of acute and chronic gout are closely associated with the activation of the innate immune system, stimulation of the NLP3 inflammasome and secretion of interleukin-1�≤ and interleukin-18 via caspace-1 activity. This leads to cytokine release and an inflammatory response. It is now clear that a similar involvement of the innate immune system occurs in many forms of acute and chronic kidney disease with accentuation of renal tubular injury and stimulation of tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The local and systemic activation of the innate immune system may help explain the close association of these conditions and provide a target for therapeutic interdiction.","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"12-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68066865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-11DOI: 10.2174/1874303X01609010027
E. Rimler, J. Lom, Jason Higdon, Dominique L. Cosco, Danielle Jones
Gout causes patientssignificant morbidity, work-related disability, loss of productivity, increased health care costs, and even all-cause hospital admissions. As a result, primary care providers must be armed with the knowledge to properly diagnose and manage gout. While many aspects of care remain the same, some key updates that primary care providers must consider when treating their patients with gout will be discussed. In this perspective we will highlight and discuss acceptable circumstances for empiric treatment, renewed emphasis on treat to target, access to commonly used medications, recommended first line agents, and the role of primary care physicians in gout flare prevention among other topics. These strategies will aid primary care physicians treat all but the most complex cases of gout.
{"title":"A Primary Care Perspective on Gout","authors":"E. Rimler, J. Lom, Jason Higdon, Dominique L. Cosco, Danielle Jones","doi":"10.2174/1874303X01609010027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874303X01609010027","url":null,"abstract":"Gout causes patientssignificant morbidity, work-related disability, loss of productivity, increased health care costs, and even all-cause hospital admissions. As a result, primary care providers must be armed with the knowledge to properly diagnose and manage gout. While many aspects of care remain the same, some key updates that primary care providers must consider when treating their patients with gout will be discussed. In this perspective we will highlight and discuss acceptable circumstances for empiric treatment, renewed emphasis on treat to target, access to commonly used medications, recommended first line agents, and the role of primary care physicians in gout flare prevention among other topics. These strategies will aid primary care physicians treat all but the most complex cases of gout.","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"27-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68066957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-11DOI: 10.2174/1874303X01609010022
P. Khanna
Gout is the most treatable arthritis in the Western World—the pathophysiology of which is related to uric acid metabolism and there are effective medications available to treat both acute arthritis and chronic hyperuricemia. Despite this many patients continue to suffer from tophaceous gout with major detrimental effects on patient-reported outcomes and substantial economic impact. Poor adherence to medications is considered an important attribute in developing disability due to gout. This review summarizes recommendations from various national and international guidelines with an update on the therapeutics.
{"title":"Gout Transitions from Medieval Times into the 21st Century","authors":"P. Khanna","doi":"10.2174/1874303X01609010022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874303X01609010022","url":null,"abstract":"Gout is the most treatable arthritis in the Western World—the pathophysiology of which is related to uric acid metabolism and there are effective medications available to treat both acute arthritis and chronic hyperuricemia. Despite this many patients continue to suffer from tophaceous gout with major detrimental effects on patient-reported outcomes and substantial economic impact. Poor adherence to medications is considered an important attribute in developing disability due to gout. This review summarizes recommendations from various national and international guidelines with an update on the therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"22-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68066940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-28DOI: 10.2174/1874303X01609010001
Derek S. Larson, S. Anwar, T. Vachharajani, D. Hafenrichter
Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis (EPS) developed in an African American male who had been on Peritoneal Dialysis for nine years. During his hospitalization for peritonitis, he continued to clinically deteriorate with refractory abdominal pain, vomiting, and anorexia requiring Total Parenteral Nutrition. This case demonstrates the importance of prompt EPS diagnosis and the technical challenges associated with surgical treatment.
{"title":"Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis","authors":"Derek S. Larson, S. Anwar, T. Vachharajani, D. Hafenrichter","doi":"10.2174/1874303X01609010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874303X01609010001","url":null,"abstract":"Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis (EPS) developed in an African American male who had been on Peritoneal Dialysis for nine years. During his hospitalization for peritonitis, he continued to clinically deteriorate with refractory abdominal pain, vomiting, and anorexia requiring Total Parenteral Nutrition. This case demonstrates the importance of prompt EPS diagnosis and the technical challenges associated with surgical treatment.","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68066656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-01-28DOI: 10.2174/1874303X01609010004
Michael J. Kelly, S. Anwar, T. Vachharajani, Maciej Karasek, Saeed S. Ahmed
LEARNING FROM IMAGES Fundamental Mistake During Tunneled Hemodialysis Catheter (TDC) Removal Michael J. Kelly, Siddiq Anwar, Tushar Vachharajani, Maciej Karasek and Saeed Ahmed 1 1 Sunderland Royal Hospital, UK 2 W.G. (Bill) Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, NC, USA Tunneled hemodialysis catheter (TDC) removal is relatively a safe procedure with common complications that include bleeding, soreness and scar. Less common complications of tethering, air embolus, fibrin sheath embolization and pulmonary embolus have been reported [1, 2]. 62-year-old female with end stage renal disease due to obstructive uropathy initially commenced hemodialysis via a TDC (BIO-FLEX TESIO CATH, Medcomp, Harleys-ville, PA) in March 2014. Once her permanent access had matured, 9 months after insertion, a decision was made to remove her TDC.
Michael J. Kelly, Siddiq Anwar, Tushar Vachharajani, Maciej Karasek和Saeed Ahmed 11英国桑德兰皇家医院2 W.G. (Bill) Hefner退伍军人事务医疗中心，Salisbury, NC, USA隧道式血液透析导管(TDC)去除是一种相对安全的手术，常见的并发症包括出血，疼痛和疤痕。栓系术、空气栓塞、纤维蛋白鞘栓塞和肺栓塞等较不常见的并发症已有报道[1,2]。62岁女性，终末期肾病，梗阻性尿路病变，最初于2014年3月通过TDC (BIO-FLEX TESIO CATH, Medcomp, harley -ville, PA)开始血液透析。植入后9个月，她的永久访问功能成熟后，我们决定移除她的TDC。
{"title":"LEARNING FROM IMAGES Fundamental Mistake During Tunneled Hemodialysis Catheter (TDC) Removal","authors":"Michael J. Kelly, S. Anwar, T. Vachharajani, Maciej Karasek, Saeed S. Ahmed","doi":"10.2174/1874303X01609010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874303X01609010004","url":null,"abstract":"LEARNING FROM IMAGES Fundamental Mistake During Tunneled Hemodialysis Catheter (TDC) Removal Michael J. Kelly, Siddiq Anwar, Tushar Vachharajani, Maciej Karasek and Saeed Ahmed 1 1 Sunderland Royal Hospital, UK 2 W.G. (Bill) Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, NC, USA Tunneled hemodialysis catheter (TDC) removal is relatively a safe procedure with common complications that include bleeding, soreness and scar. Less common complications of tethering, air embolus, fibrin sheath embolization and pulmonary embolus have been reported [1, 2]. 62-year-old female with end stage renal disease due to obstructive uropathy initially commenced hemodialysis via a TDC (BIO-FLEX TESIO CATH, Medcomp, Harleys-ville, PA) in March 2014. Once her permanent access had matured, 9 months after insertion, a decision was made to remove her TDC.","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":"4-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68066690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-26DOI: 10.2174/1874303X015080100104
K. Kher
Glomerulonephritis (GN) is one of the common acquired pediatric renal disorders encountered in clinical practice. The clinical manifestations include gross or microscopic hematuria, proteinuria, and nephrotic syndrome. Renal dysfunction and hypertension may also be present in many patients. Etiopathogenesis of GN can be idiopathic in a large majority, while some may result from infections or known immune disorders. Several of these disorders are now believed to arise from dysfunctions of podocytes and are grouped under the heading of "podocytopathies". This review focuses on the clinical manifestations and management of the common forms of acute GN encountered in children.
{"title":"Acute Glomerular Diseases in Children","authors":"K. Kher","doi":"10.2174/1874303X015080100104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874303X015080100104","url":null,"abstract":"Glomerulonephritis (GN) is one of the common acquired pediatric renal disorders encountered in clinical practice. The clinical manifestations include gross or microscopic hematuria, proteinuria, and nephrotic syndrome. Renal dysfunction and hypertension may also be present in many patients. Etiopathogenesis of GN can be idiopathic in a large majority, while some may result from infections or known immune disorders. Several of these disorders are now believed to arise from dysfunctions of podocytes and are grouped under the heading of \"podocytopathies\". This review focuses on the clinical manifestations and management of the common forms of acute GN encountered in children.","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"104-116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68065670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-26DOI: 10.2174/1874303X01508010092
Finnell S.M.E
The 2011 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Urinary Tract Infection (UTI):Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of the Initial UTI in Febrile Infants and Children 2-24 Months guideline addressed “areas for research” identifying multiple areas where evidence at the time of the publication was lacking. This review discussed the evidence development in those identified areas. In this paper, I will review the latest literature on UTI in children and focus on those areas of research suggested in these guidelines. I will also summarize the related literature since September 2011. Literature related to first UTI in children have contributed important new knowledge since the publication of the 2011 AAP guideline; 1) additional research has failed to clarify the relationship between childhood UTI and adult renal function. 2) High grade vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) has been established as a clear risk factor for scarring, but the condition is rare. Abnormal ultrasound, and fever in combination with non-E coli infection are other important predictors of scarring. 3) Antimicrobial prophylaxis appear to decrease UTI recurrences, but a large amount of antibiotics has to be administrated to prevent one UTI and the prevention works best in children with low grade, not high grade, VUR, 4) cranberry juice may prevent UTI, and 5) new, less aggressive guidelines, seem not to have negative consequences for pediatric patients measured as missed true pathology. Future guidelines would benefit from incorporating this new
{"title":"Urinary Tract Infection in Children: An Update","authors":"Finnell S.M.E","doi":"10.2174/1874303X01508010092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874303X01508010092","url":null,"abstract":"The 2011 American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Urinary Tract Infection (UTI):Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of the Initial UTI in Febrile Infants and Children 2-24 Months guideline addressed “areas for research” identifying multiple areas where evidence at the time of the publication was lacking. This review discussed the evidence development in those identified areas. In this paper, I will review the latest literature on UTI in children and focus on those areas of research suggested in these guidelines. I will also summarize the related literature since September 2011. Literature related to first UTI in children have contributed important new knowledge since the publication of the 2011 AAP guideline; 1) additional research has failed to clarify the relationship between childhood UTI and adult renal function. 2) High grade vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) has been established as a clear risk factor for scarring, but the condition is rare. Abnormal ultrasound, and fever in combination with non-E coli infection are other important predictors of scarring. 3) Antimicrobial prophylaxis appear to decrease UTI recurrences, but a large amount of antibiotics has to be administrated to prevent one UTI and the prevention works best in children with low grade, not high grade, VUR, 4) cranberry juice may prevent UTI, and 5) new, less aggressive guidelines, seem not to have negative consequences for pediatric patients measured as missed true pathology. Future guidelines would benefit from incorporating this new","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"554-561"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68066887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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