Pub Date : 2015-11-26DOI: 10.2174/1874303X015080100124
Russell S. Miller
{"title":"Fetal Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction: An Update","authors":"Russell S. Miller","doi":"10.2174/1874303X015080100124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874303X015080100124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"124-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68065768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-26DOI: 10.2174/1874303X01508010096
A. Rensing, P. Austin
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) remains a common problem seen by pediatric providers. Despite a great deal of research, the debate regarding how to screen and treat patients reremains tense and controversial. This review seeks to summarize the management of VUR with emphasis on recent published findings in the literature and how they contribute to this debate. The goals of managing VUR include preventing future febrile urinary tract infections (FUTI), renal scarring, reflux nephropathy and hypertension. The topdown approach with upper tract imaging and selective vesicocystourethrogram (VCUG) is an emerging alternative approach in the evaluation of children after their first FUTI. The elimination of bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) is an important management strategy to prevent further FUTIs, regardless of treatment choice. Antibiotic prophylaxis is a safe and effective modality to sterilize the urinary tract. Endoscopic treatment of VUR is an attractive modality in select patients, although some concerns remain regarding its effectiveness and durability as compared to the gold standard of open or laparoscopic ureteroneocystostomy. Lastly, further research is required to determine the most effective algorithm to evaluate the pediatric patient after the first febrile UTI.
{"title":"The Diagnosis and Treatment of Vesicoureteral Reflux: An Update","authors":"A. Rensing, P. Austin","doi":"10.2174/1874303X01508010096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874303X01508010096","url":null,"abstract":"Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) remains a common problem seen by pediatric providers. Despite a great deal of research, the debate regarding how to screen and treat patients reremains tense and controversial. This review seeks to summarize the management of VUR with emphasis on recent published findings in the literature and how they contribute to this debate. The goals of managing VUR include preventing future febrile urinary tract infections (FUTI), renal scarring, reflux nephropathy and hypertension. The topdown approach with upper tract imaging and selective vesicocystourethrogram (VCUG) is an emerging alternative approach in the evaluation of children after their first FUTI. The elimination of bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) is an important management strategy to prevent further FUTIs, regardless of treatment choice. Antibiotic prophylaxis is a safe and effective modality to sterilize the urinary tract. Endoscopic treatment of VUR is an attractive modality in select patients, although some concerns remain regarding its effectiveness and durability as compared to the gold standard of open or laparoscopic ureteroneocystostomy. Lastly, further research is required to determine the most effective algorithm to evaluate the pediatric patient after the first febrile UTI.","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"96-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68066901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-11-26DOI: 10.2174/1874303X015080100117
K. Pirojsakul, N. Mathews, M. Seikaly
The incidence of end stage of renal disease (ESRD) in US children age 0-19 years is 12.9 per million/year (2012). The economic and social burden of diagnosing, treating and preventing chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children and adults remains substantial. Advances in identifying factors that predict development of CKD and its progression, as well as advances in the management of co-morbid conditions including anemia, cardiovascular disease, growth, mineral and bone disorder, and neurocognitive function are discussed. Despite recent reports from retrospective registry data analysis and multi-center prospective studies which have significantly advanced our knowledge of CKD, and despite advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of CKD much work remains to be done to improve the long term outcome of this disease.
{"title":"Chronic kidney disease in children: Recent update","authors":"K. Pirojsakul, N. Mathews, M. Seikaly","doi":"10.2174/1874303X015080100117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874303X015080100117","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of end stage of renal disease (ESRD) in US children age 0-19 years is 12.9 per million/year (2012). The economic and social burden of diagnosing, treating and preventing chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children and adults remains substantial. Advances in identifying factors that predict development of CKD and its progression, as well as advances in the management of co-morbid conditions including anemia, cardiovascular disease, growth, mineral and bone disorder, and neurocognitive function are discussed. Despite recent reports from retrospective registry data analysis and multi-center prospective studies which have significantly advanced our knowledge of CKD, and despite advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of CKD much work remains to be done to improve the long term outcome of this disease.","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"117-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68065688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-31DOI: 10.2174/1874303X01508010071
O. Chub, A. Bilchenko, I. Khalin
Background: Increased multidrug resistance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) compromises the efficacy of treatment of urinary tract infections. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing uropathogens from hospitalized patients with chronic pyelonephritis and to identify the presence of genes involved in the resistance. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 105 patients with chronic pyelonephritis, treated in Kharkiv City Clinical Emergency Hospital, Ukraine was carried. Bacterial isolates were collected, antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was determined by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and screening for the presence of blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M ESBL genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Results: 84 (80%) patients had positive urine cultures. Eschеrichia coli wаs the most common microorganism isolated. Among them, 29 (25.2%) were found to be ESBL producers. Out of 53 E. coli isolates, 10 (18.9%), 4 (7.5%) and 6 (11.3%) were identified to carry bla(TEM), bla(SHV) and bla(CTX-M) beta-lactamase genes, respectively. The highest resistance was observed against ampicillin (75.9%), ciprofloxacin (48.3%), levofloxacin (41.4%) and gentamicin (41.4%). Beside this, only meropenem (96.6% susceptibility), nitroxolinum (86.2%) and fosfomycin (72.4%) exhibited a good enough activity against ESBLs-producing urinary strains. Conclusion: Isоlation and detеction of ESBL-prоducing strаins are еssential fоr the sеlection оf the mоst effеctive antibiоtic for the empiric trеatment.
{"title":"Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Production in Uropathogens Isolated from Hospitalized Patients with Chronic Pyelonephritis","authors":"O. Chub, A. Bilchenko, I. Khalin","doi":"10.2174/1874303X01508010071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874303X01508010071","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Increased multidrug resistance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) compromises the efficacy of treatment of urinary tract infections. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing uropathogens from hospitalized patients with chronic pyelonephritis and to identify the presence of genes involved in the resistance. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 105 patients with chronic pyelonephritis, treated in Kharkiv City Clinical Emergency Hospital, Ukraine was carried. Bacterial isolates were collected, antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was determined by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method and screening for the presence of blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M ESBL genes was performed by polymerase chain reaction. Results: 84 (80%) patients had positive urine cultures. Eschеrichia coli wаs the most common microorganism isolated. Among them, 29 (25.2%) were found to be ESBL producers. Out of 53 E. coli isolates, 10 (18.9%), 4 (7.5%) and 6 (11.3%) were identified to carry bla(TEM), bla(SHV) and bla(CTX-M) beta-lactamase genes, respectively. The highest resistance was observed against ampicillin (75.9%), ciprofloxacin (48.3%), levofloxacin (41.4%) and gentamicin (41.4%). Beside this, only meropenem (96.6% susceptibility), nitroxolinum (86.2%) and fosfomycin (72.4%) exhibited a good enough activity against ESBLs-producing urinary strains. Conclusion: Isоlation and detеction of ESBL-prоducing strаins are еssential fоr the sеlection оf the mоst effеctive antibiоtic for the empiric trеatment.","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"71-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68066780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-31DOI: 10.2174/1874303X01508010076
G. Basu
Infections are the bugbear of kidney transplantation in the tropics, being responsible for majority of the deaths. Despite the several challenges posed by infections in kidney transplant recipient in the tropics, various developments have resulted in a decline in the rate of infections as well as their consequences. This review aims to be a basic overview of the common infections in KTR with an attempt to provide a unique tropical country perspective.
{"title":"Infections After Kidney Transplantation: The Bug Bear Of Kidney Transplantation In Tropics","authors":"G. Basu","doi":"10.2174/1874303X01508010076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874303X01508010076","url":null,"abstract":"Infections are the bugbear of kidney transplantation in the tropics, being responsible for majority of the deaths. Despite the several challenges posed by infections in kidney transplant recipient in the tropics, various developments have resulted in a decline in the rate of infections as well as their consequences. This review aims to be a basic overview of the common infections in KTR with an attempt to provide a unique tropical country perspective.","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":"36 1","pages":"76-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68066818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-08-31DOI: 10.2174/1874303X01508010088
D. C. Pereira, J. Gemery, M. Sedlacek
{"title":"Yin-Yang Sign in Arteriovenous Fistula Pseudoaneurysm","authors":"D. C. Pereira, J. Gemery, M. Sedlacek","doi":"10.2174/1874303X01508010088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874303X01508010088","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"88-89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68066839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-26DOI: 10.2174/1874303X01508010066
T. Jamale
This short paper gives details about the personal features of Nephrology that attracted the author to the field, and discusses whether these features could remain attractive for the current generation of Nephrology trainees.
{"title":"Nephrology Fellowship Training in India: Why is Scenario Different?","authors":"T. Jamale","doi":"10.2174/1874303X01508010066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874303X01508010066","url":null,"abstract":"This short paper gives details about the personal features of Nephrology that attracted the author to the field, and discusses whether these features could remain attractive for the current generation of Nephrology trainees.","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"66-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68066667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-26DOI: 10.2174/1874303X01508010059
P. Brown, S. Hiremath
Nephrology, the study of kidney diseases, took its birth as a separate specialty many decades ago, and has gradually more in importance, especially with the advent of renal replacement therapy and kidney transplantation. Nephrology also has a strong physiology foundation; indeed an understanding of renal physiology is crucial for dealing with electrolyte and acid-base problems that a physician commonly faces in day-to-day practice. Perhaps this is why it comes as a surprise that the interest in nephrology fellowships is declining - at least in North America. In this article, we present a dialogue between two practicing nephrologists, working at a tertiary care academic Canadian centre, on some potential solutions to this problem.
{"title":"Are There Any Solutions to the Problem of Declining Nephrology Enrolment? A Dialogue Between Two Practicing Nephrologists","authors":"P. Brown, S. Hiremath","doi":"10.2174/1874303X01508010059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874303X01508010059","url":null,"abstract":"Nephrology, the study of kidney diseases, took its birth as a separate specialty many decades ago, and has gradually more in importance, especially with the advent of renal replacement therapy and kidney transplantation. Nephrology also has a strong physiology foundation; indeed an understanding of renal physiology is crucial for dealing with electrolyte and acid-base problems that a physician commonly faces in day-to-day practice. Perhaps this is why it comes as a surprise that the interest in nephrology fellowships is declining - at least in North America. In this article, we present a dialogue between two practicing nephrologists, working at a tertiary care academic Canadian centre, on some potential solutions to this problem.","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"59-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68066606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-26DOI: 10.2174/1874303X01508010068
P. Phelan
Interest in nephrology as a career choice for physicians in the United States continues to decline, particularly among US medical graduates. Reasons for this are multi-factorial and include nephrology being perceived as difficult, arduous and un-inspiring with poor career prospects. This short paper discusses some aspects of Nephrology that need to be adjusted to attract bright enthusiastic physicians who can move the specialty forward.
{"title":"US Nephrology Workforce Crisis: Our Specialty Must Stay Modern and Relevant","authors":"P. Phelan","doi":"10.2174/1874303X01508010068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874303X01508010068","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in nephrology as a career choice for physicians in the United States continues to decline, particularly among US medical graduates. Reasons for this are multi-factorial and include nephrology being perceived as difficult, arduous and un-inspiring with poor career prospects. This short paper discusses some aspects of Nephrology that need to be adjusted to attract bright enthusiastic physicians who can move the specialty forward.","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":"8 1","pages":"68-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68066683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-26DOI: 10.2174/1874303X01508010064
S. Huilgol
The interest in nephrology career has been declined in the west as per the recent data available from national residency match program; in contrast Nephrology continues to attract applicants in India. This short paper describes the features of Nephrology that continue to make it an attractive specialty for physician-trainees in India, and how some of these features can be exported to the United States.
{"title":"Nephrology Workforce in India - A Fellow’s Perspective","authors":"S. Huilgol","doi":"10.2174/1874303X01508010064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874303X01508010064","url":null,"abstract":"The interest in nephrology career has been declined in the west as per the recent data available from national residency match program; in contrast Nephrology continues to attract applicants in India. This short paper describes the features of Nephrology that continue to make it an attractive specialty for physician-trainees in India, and how some of these features can be exported to the United States.","PeriodicalId":38952,"journal":{"name":"Open Urology and Nephrology Journal","volume":"121 1","pages":"64-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68066615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：