Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18778/1731-7533.21.3.03
Vincent Chanethom, Alice Henderson
This study is an extension of Inceoglu et al.’s (2023) study on Google Voice Typing as a pronunciation learning tool. We used the Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) tool on the dictation.io website (Agarwal, 2022), and our participants were L2 English learners of a different L1, but similar proficiency level. Twelve L1 English listeners assessed the L2 English from four L1 French speakers in terms of intelligibility and comprehensibility, measured by word transcription and Likert scale ratings respectively. Their scores were compared to ASR output. The goal was to determine how accurate the tool is, and to what extent its accuracy correlates with human listeners. The results were generally consistent with those of Inceoglu et al. (2023), with few exceptions which we discuss in the current study.
{"title":"Alignment in ASR and L1 Listeners’ Recognition of L2 Learner Speech: French EFL Learners & Dictation.Io","authors":"Vincent Chanethom, Alice Henderson","doi":"10.18778/1731-7533.21.3.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1731-7533.21.3.03","url":null,"abstract":"This study is an extension of Inceoglu et al.’s (2023) study on Google Voice Typing as a pronunciation learning tool. We used the Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) tool on the dictation.io website (Agarwal, 2022), and our participants were L2 English learners of a different L1, but similar proficiency level. Twelve L1 English listeners assessed the L2 English from four L1 French speakers in terms of intelligibility and comprehensibility, measured by word transcription and Likert scale ratings respectively. Their scores were compared to ASR output. The goal was to determine how accurate the tool is, and to what extent its accuracy correlates with human listeners. The results were generally consistent with those of Inceoglu et al. (2023), with few exceptions which we discuss in the current study.","PeriodicalId":38985,"journal":{"name":"Research in Language","volume":"6 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18778/1731-7533.21.2.06
Lina Bikelienė
Speaker identity is one of the factors that might play a role in the realisation of sounds. Previous studies have observed that phonetic variations, alongside the formation of speaker’s identity, can index political meaning. This article aims at analysing a politically conditioned variation in rendering the name of the capital of Ukraine. Though the change from ‘Kiev’ to ‘Kyiv’ precedes the beginning of the Russian war in Ukraine, the analysis shows 24 February, 2022 has accelerated the process. Contrary to the general tendency for a language change to manifest first in the spoken mode and then proceed to writing, the findings indicate faster shift from ‘Kiev’ to ‘Kyiv’ in written English.
{"title":"The Pronunciation of the Capital of Ukraine in English-Speaking Media","authors":"Lina Bikelienė","doi":"10.18778/1731-7533.21.2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1731-7533.21.2.06","url":null,"abstract":"Speaker identity is one of the factors that might play a role in the realisation of sounds. Previous studies have observed that phonetic variations, alongside the formation of speaker’s identity, can index political meaning. This article aims at analysing a politically conditioned variation in rendering the name of the capital of Ukraine. Though the change from ‘Kiev’ to ‘Kyiv’ precedes the beginning of the Russian war in Ukraine, the analysis shows 24 February, 2022 has accelerated the process. Contrary to the general tendency for a language change to manifest first in the spoken mode and then proceed to writing, the findings indicate faster shift from ‘Kiev’ to ‘Kyiv’ in written English.","PeriodicalId":38985,"journal":{"name":"Research in Language","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139150303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18778/1731-7533.21.2.02
Alisa Egorova, Hans-Georg Wolf
This paper investigates the motivation behind denominal conversion of animal nouns to verbs as well as their resultant senses. Upon critical consideration of previous accounts of animal verb senses and their possible sources, the argument is put forward that animal verbs are not uniform in their semantics and cannot therefore be considered a separate conceptual category or analysed as such. Previous findings are then reinterpreted from the point of view of frame-based accounts of denominal conversion. Animal verbs are shown to be generated by the same grammatical generalisations as other denominal verbs of English, with their metaphoricity appearing to be a concomitant rather than a driving factor in the grammatical act of their conversion.
{"title":"What’s Dog Got to Do With It? Motivation Behind Denominal (Animal) Verbs","authors":"Alisa Egorova, Hans-Georg Wolf","doi":"10.18778/1731-7533.21.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1731-7533.21.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the motivation behind denominal conversion of animal nouns to verbs as well as their resultant senses. Upon critical consideration of previous accounts of animal verb senses and their possible sources, the argument is put forward that animal verbs are not uniform in their semantics and cannot therefore be considered a separate conceptual category or analysed as such. Previous findings are then reinterpreted from the point of view of frame-based accounts of denominal conversion. Animal verbs are shown to be generated by the same grammatical generalisations as other denominal verbs of English, with their metaphoricity appearing to be a concomitant rather than a driving factor in the grammatical act of their conversion.","PeriodicalId":38985,"journal":{"name":"Research in Language","volume":"6 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18778/1731-7533.21.2.01
Maria Brenda
Although prepositions are relational linguistic units of modest sizes, they can contribute a variety of different meanings to the constructions they are found in. The paper looks into the notion of e-site, which allows for conceptual elaboration of more schematic entities along the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the human conceptual representation. It argues that e-sites are useful for prepositional meaning description. First, e-sites come into play when schematic TRs and LMs of the preposition are elaborated by more specific conceptual structures, thereby, forming a vertical schematic-specific hierarchy of conceptual structures. Along the horizontal dimension, e-sites are responsible for the integration of the conceptual content of expressions which come together to form constructions. This type of elaboration finds its expression in the typology of languages (satellite- or verb-framed) proposed by Talmy (2000) and elaborated by Slobin (2005).
{"title":"Elaboration sites and prepositional meaning construction in English and Polish","authors":"Maria Brenda","doi":"10.18778/1731-7533.21.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1731-7533.21.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"Although prepositions are relational linguistic units of modest sizes, they can contribute a variety of different meanings to the constructions they are found in. The paper looks into the notion of e-site, which allows for conceptual elaboration of more schematic entities along the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the human conceptual representation. It argues that e-sites are useful for prepositional meaning description. First, e-sites come into play when schematic TRs and LMs of the preposition are elaborated by more specific conceptual structures, thereby, forming a vertical schematic-specific hierarchy of conceptual structures. Along the horizontal dimension, e-sites are responsible for the integration of the conceptual content of expressions which come together to form constructions. This type of elaboration finds its expression in the typology of languages (satellite- or verb-framed) proposed by Talmy (2000) and elaborated by Slobin (2005).","PeriodicalId":38985,"journal":{"name":"Research in Language","volume":"286 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139152751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18778/1731-7533.21.4.04
Katherine Fraser, Joan C. Mora
Studies of speech rhythm have often used read speech rather than spontaneous speech in their comparisons. However, read speech has been shown to be perceptually different from spontaneous speech, which may be due to rhythmic differences between the two modes. To examine this, the effect of speaking mode (spontaneous or controlled) was assessed in a group of 82 Spanish-Catalan learners of English relative to a control group of 8 native English speakers. Results found strong rhythmic differences between the two modes, but minimal differences between the learners and native speakers. Additionally, Mahalanobis distance analyses revealed that non-native speakers differed significantly more from the native control group in the spontaneous condition than the controlled condition.
{"title":"Speech Rhythm in Spontaneous and Controlled L2 Speaking Modes: Exploring Differences and Distance Measures","authors":"Katherine Fraser, Joan C. Mora","doi":"10.18778/1731-7533.21.4.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1731-7533.21.4.04","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of speech rhythm have often used read speech rather than spontaneous speech in their comparisons. However, read speech has been shown to be perceptually different from spontaneous speech, which may be due to rhythmic differences between the two modes. To examine this, the effect of speaking mode (spontaneous or controlled) was assessed in a group of 82 Spanish-Catalan learners of English relative to a control group of 8 native English speakers. Results found strong rhythmic differences between the two modes, but minimal differences between the learners and native speakers. Additionally, Mahalanobis distance analyses revealed that non-native speakers differed significantly more from the native control group in the spontaneous condition than the controlled condition.","PeriodicalId":38985,"journal":{"name":"Research in Language","volume":"12 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18778/1731-7533.21.2.05
Marcin Grygiel
The language of propaganda can be treated as a specialist language with its own specialized terminology. It is produced by groups of variously configured propaganda experts responsible for the creation of propaganda messages, placed at one end of the communication channel, together with its specific target audience that consumes these messages, situated at the other end of the communication channel. As a result of this specialized communication process, the language of propaganda is function-oriented and its focus is always put on the objectives that are to be achieved. These include shaping and manipulating public opinions. For these goals to be successful, the language of propaganda must be equipped with efficient and well-designed conceptualizations able to change and modify the way people think. Defined as such, the language of propaganda is not a purely linguistic construct, but a multimodal tool able to make use of the visual and audiovisual output as well. The interest in mental processes such as conceptualization lies at the very center of cognitive linguistics and the study of cognitive mechanisms responsible for various types of conceptualizations is of high priority in cognitively driven approaches to language. Another issue which makes cognitive linguistics suitable for this type of research in specialist languages is its long standing preference for multidisciplinary and multimodal phenomena. Applying the methodology of cognitive linguistics, the present paper aims at identifying and discussing the PRO-PEACE vs. PRO-WAR network of conceptualizations in the language of Hungarian propaganda, often compared in its mastery with Orwell’s newspeak or the Soviet propaganda machinery because of its power and influence. Hungary’s leading right-wing party, Fidesz-KDNP, has retained political control in Hungary ever since its landslide victory in the 2010 national elections and developed a powerful propaganda tool that is ideally customized to the culture-specific preferences of Hungarian voters. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, this research studies linguistic expressions shaping PRO-PEACE vs. PRO-WAR conceptualizations with their rich social, historical and cultural contexts.
{"title":"Pro-Peace vs. Pro-War Conceptualizations in the Language of Hungarian Propaganda","authors":"Marcin Grygiel","doi":"10.18778/1731-7533.21.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1731-7533.21.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"The language of propaganda can be treated as a specialist language with its own specialized terminology. It is produced by groups of variously configured propaganda experts responsible for the creation of propaganda messages, placed at one end of the communication channel, together with its specific target audience that consumes these messages, situated at the other end of the communication channel. As a result of this specialized communication process, the language of propaganda is function-oriented and its focus is always put on the objectives that are to be achieved. These include shaping and manipulating public opinions. For these goals to be successful, the language of propaganda must be equipped with efficient and well-designed conceptualizations able to change and modify the way people think. Defined as such, the language of propaganda is not a purely linguistic construct, but a multimodal tool able to make use of the visual and audiovisual output as well. The interest in mental processes such as conceptualization lies at the very center of cognitive linguistics and the study of cognitive mechanisms responsible for various types of conceptualizations is of high priority in cognitively driven approaches to language. Another issue which makes cognitive linguistics suitable for this type of research in specialist languages is its long standing preference for multidisciplinary and multimodal phenomena. Applying the methodology of cognitive linguistics, the present paper aims at identifying and discussing the PRO-PEACE vs. PRO-WAR network of conceptualizations in the language of Hungarian propaganda, often compared in its mastery with Orwell’s newspeak or the Soviet propaganda machinery because of its power and influence. Hungary’s leading right-wing party, Fidesz-KDNP, has retained political control in Hungary ever since its landslide victory in the 2010 national elections and developed a powerful propaganda tool that is ideally customized to the culture-specific preferences of Hungarian voters. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, this research studies linguistic expressions shaping PRO-PEACE vs. PRO-WAR conceptualizations with their rich social, historical and cultural contexts.","PeriodicalId":38985,"journal":{"name":"Research in Language","volume":"5 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139149470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18778/1731-7533.21.4.02
Magdalena Szyszka, Pekka Lintunen
The study examines selected temporal markers of L2 utterance fluency in the speech of advanced L2 learners who exhibit high (HLA) and low (LLA) language anxiety levels. Out of the pool of 59 participants, six HLA and six LLA individuals were selected for an in-depth analysis on the basis of their scores on the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (the FLCAS) (Horwitz, Horwitz, & Cope, 1986). Speech samples from a monologue task were examined for selected L2 utterance fluency measures: filled (FP) and silent pause (SP) frequency, mean length of silent pause (MLSP), articulation rate (AR), speech rate (SR), and mean length of run (MLR). The results provided insights into the L2 speech fluency profiles of anxious and non-anxious individuals. The analysis disclosed relatively higher frequency and disparate application of FPs, slower speed of speech, and more varied profiles in MLR in the HLA group as compared to the LLA group. The findings yield pedagogical and methodological implications.
{"title":"Zooming into the L2 Speech Fluency Markers of Anxious and Non-Anxious Advanced L2 Learners – an Extreme Case Sampling Report","authors":"Magdalena Szyszka, Pekka Lintunen","doi":"10.18778/1731-7533.21.4.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1731-7533.21.4.02","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines selected temporal markers of L2 utterance fluency in the speech of advanced L2 learners who exhibit high (HLA) and low (LLA) language anxiety levels. Out of the pool of 59 participants, six HLA and six LLA individuals were selected for an in-depth analysis on the basis of their scores on the Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (the FLCAS) (Horwitz, Horwitz, & Cope, 1986). Speech samples from a monologue task were examined for selected L2 utterance fluency measures: filled (FP) and silent pause (SP) frequency, mean length of silent pause (MLSP), articulation rate (AR), speech rate (SR), and mean length of run (MLR). The results provided insights into the L2 speech fluency profiles of anxious and non-anxious individuals. The analysis disclosed relatively higher frequency and disparate application of FPs, slower speed of speech, and more varied profiles in MLR in the HLA group as compared to the LLA group. The findings yield pedagogical and methodological implications.","PeriodicalId":38985,"journal":{"name":"Research in Language","volume":"31 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139148211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-28DOI: 10.18778/1731-7533.21.2.04
I. Witczak-Plisiecka
This paper comments on the notion of the speech act in the tradition of J.L. Austin (1962/1975) in an attempt to assess its relevance (sic!) in a relevance-theory-based research. Relevance theory (RT) since its introduction (Sperber & Wilson 1986/1995) has consistently rejected much of speech act-theoretic thinking, explicitly questioning its having a central position in pragmatics. Using the notion of “the speech act”, RT seems to ignore most of speech act-theoretic apparatus. However, despite the superficial divergence between the two frameworks, the advancements within RT, as developed especially by Deirdre Wilson, and her co-researchers over the years, are convergent with selected thoughts in the Austinian thought. The paper comments on selected points which bring the two linguistics approaches together.
{"title":"Speech Acts and Relevance: in Search of a Dialogue","authors":"I. Witczak-Plisiecka","doi":"10.18778/1731-7533.21.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1731-7533.21.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"This paper comments on the notion of the speech act in the tradition of J.L. Austin (1962/1975) in an attempt to assess its relevance (sic!) in a relevance-theory-based research. Relevance theory (RT) since its introduction (Sperber & Wilson 1986/1995) has consistently rejected much of speech act-theoretic thinking, explicitly questioning its having a central position in pragmatics. Using the notion of “the speech act”, RT seems to ignore most of speech act-theoretic apparatus. However, despite the superficial divergence between the two frameworks, the advancements within RT, as developed especially by Deirdre Wilson, and her co-researchers over the years, are convergent with selected thoughts in the Austinian thought. The paper comments on selected points which bring the two linguistics approaches together.","PeriodicalId":38985,"journal":{"name":"Research in Language","volume":"5 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139150278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.18778/1731-7533.21.1.05
J. Volín, M. Svatošová
The primary goal of our study is to propose a method of calculating and visualising local articulation rate for research in temporal structure of speech. The method builds on proportional durations of vowels and consonants in Czech, which normalizes for inherent durations of phones. We first demonstrate the importance of temporal structure on several conspicuous features: phrase-final deceleration, prominence marking, parentheticals, and information structure constituents. We then describe our method stepwise so that it could be tested by interested parties. We illustrate such testing on a sample of news bulletin sentences produced by 26 speakers. The results confirm that our procedure can meaningfully reflect various temporal features, including the ‘information status’ of words in contextually grounded utterances.
{"title":"Examining Temporal Structure of Speech with a Local Articulation Rate Metric","authors":"J. Volín, M. Svatošová","doi":"10.18778/1731-7533.21.1.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1731-7533.21.1.05","url":null,"abstract":"The primary goal of our study is to propose a method of calculating and visualising local articulation rate for research in temporal structure of speech. The method builds on proportional durations of vowels and consonants in Czech, which normalizes for inherent durations of phones. We first demonstrate the importance of temporal structure on several conspicuous features: phrase-final deceleration, prominence marking, parentheticals, and information structure constituents. We then describe our method stepwise so that it could be tested by interested parties. We illustrate such testing on a sample of news bulletin sentences produced by 26 speakers. The results confirm that our procedure can meaningfully reflect various temporal features, including the ‘information status’ of words in contextually grounded utterances.","PeriodicalId":38985,"journal":{"name":"Research in Language","volume":"41 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138948968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-21DOI: 10.18778/1731-7533.21.1.03
Ilana Shiloh
The paper explores the use and impact of conceptual metaphors in the graphic novel City of Glass published by Paul Auster as a free-standing story in 1985. Two years later Auster turned it into the first part of The New York Trilogy, which has since become one of the most iconic works of postmodern fiction. Artists Paul Karasik and David Mazzucchelli have adapted Auster’s novella into a graphic novel and their version figures on the list of the best comic books in the 20th century. The aim of this paper is to examine how the two artists’ use of conceptual metaphors has elicited the visual dimension of Auster’s novel, conveyed its philosophical ideas and enriched its emotional effect.
{"title":"Conceptual Metaphors in Visual Language The Graphic Novel City of Glass","authors":"Ilana Shiloh","doi":"10.18778/1731-7533.21.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/1731-7533.21.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"The paper explores the use and impact of conceptual metaphors in the graphic novel City of Glass published by Paul Auster as a free-standing story in 1985. Two years later Auster turned it into the first part of The New York Trilogy, which has since become one of the most iconic works of postmodern fiction. Artists Paul Karasik and David Mazzucchelli have adapted Auster’s novella into a graphic novel and their version figures on the list of the best comic books in the 20th century. The aim of this paper is to examine how the two artists’ use of conceptual metaphors has elicited the visual dimension of Auster’s novel, conveyed its philosophical ideas and enriched its emotional effect.","PeriodicalId":38985,"journal":{"name":"Research in Language","volume":"12 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138949236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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