Suma Psicologica最新文献

A retrospective, descriptive study, with a single measurement in a single group is presented, in order to analyse the relationship between aggressive and bullying behaviours in adolescents in residential care. A total of 203 adolescents in residential care from the province of Granada (Spain) participated and the following variables were evaluated: Aggressive Behaviour, Bullying, Performance of Physical Activity, Modality of Physical Activity, and Socio-Demographic Factors. The results showed that male adolescents in residential care have higher averages in manifest or direct aggressiveness, whilst girls have higher rates of relational aggressiveness. The performance of physical activity is predominant, with contact group sports, being more common in males. Moreover, similar values are shown by sports modality, aggressive behaviours and bullying, in adolescents in residential care. As a main conclusion, it is shown that overt aggressive behaviour of reactive type is most common in adolescents living in residential care, which highlights low capacity of self-control in this population.

Snapchat offers a distinctive feature from other social networks in that its users control the visibility of the contents they share with others by defining how long these contents may be available. Snapchat is changing the way men and women perceive online information privacy and content management. This paper aims to illustrate the relevance of social representation theory to evaluate perceived privacy in Snapchat users, with a sample of 268 young adults residing in Bogotá. A survey method was employed for data collection purposes. The results reveal that Snapchat users are concerned about their networks’ privacy, with no significant sex differences, although men's perception of Snapchat privacy is safer than that of women. Finally, a discussion is presented as to the limitations and implications of these results for further studies.

The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of social stress — induced experimentally — in youth people with positive family history (PFH) or negative family history (NFH) of alcohol abuse. The measurements included the level of cortisol in saliva, the subjective perception of emotional state, and performance in tests that measure attention to stimuli that signal to alcohol, impulsivity and risk taking. Participants exposed to stress exhibited higher levels of cortisol in saliva and in the subjective perception of discomfort, and a lower level of well-being than their controls. PFH participants reported a significantly lower level of well-being and more distress than their NFH peers. There were no significant effects of treatment, and no significant interactions between treatment and FH in the scores of impulsivity, risk-taking, and attentional biases.

The Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale is an instrument to assess life satisfaction in children and adolescents in five life domains. However, research on multidimensional life satisfaction in older students, such as those attending university, is still scarce. This paper undertook to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale in a sample of university students from five state universities in Chile. The Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale and Satisfaction with Life Scale were applied to 369 participants. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the expected correlated five-factor model of the long version (40 items) and the abbreviated version (30 items) of the Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale. The goodness-of-fit values obtained from confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the data fit better to the 30-items and five-factor structure than to the 40-item structure. The convergent, concurrent and discriminant validity of the 30-item version was demonstrated. The 30-item version of the Multidimensional Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale may be a promising alternative to measure satisfaction in different life domains in university students, and a valuable tool for differential assessments that guide research and intervention on this population.

Academic skills are a specific component of academic success, and many factors influence their acquisition and consolidation. One of these factors is the ability to emotionally regulate distress tolerance, as defined by the ability to withstand negative emotional states in pursuit of a goal. This paper undertook to analyse the relationship between distress tolerance and reading comprehension and mathematical computations in 107 primary school children aged 9 to 11. The results showed that distress tolerance was a significant predictor of reading comprehension of expository texts and mathematical computations, albeit not so for reading comprehension of narrative texts. Distress tolerance is likely to be a relevant factor for academic success in several domains.

This paper seeks to analyse self-concept in gender-based violence victims amongst adolescents. Having noticed a lower self-esteem in the victims of this type of violence, the authors wanted to verify whether the same effect takes place with the cognitive component of the vision that we each have of ourselves, which constitutes the self-concept. The population sample consisted of 266 Spanish adolescents aged between 14 and 19 years attending middle school or high school. A significant interaction is observed between gender and age and self-concept in adolescents that suffer violence in their relationship. Similarly, girls aged 16-17 are the most vulnerable group. The latter have the lowest emotional and physical self-concept. Thus, it is corroborated that the prevalence of this type of violence becomes greater as age increases. In order to prevent and mitigate the effects of gender-based violence on adolescents, prevention programs must include emotional education aspects within their areas of action, so as to help improve the emotional self-concept of the victims.

The literature on satisfaction measurement features several models for establishing the relationship between expectations, service performance and satisfaction. The set of measures used includes the Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA), expectation disconfirmation and the satisfaction determinants model. This paper presents a comparison of different measurement models on the basis of a sample of 2900 health services users. The comparison shows that the expectations disconfirmation model allows to establish significant correlations between service attributes and general satisfaction, yet it warrants an adjustment of data distribution to identify the attributes where confirmation and disconfirmation are presented – when not due to chance. On the other hand, the direct effect approach allows to identify predictor attributes of satisfaction better than the other models do, whereas the importance – performance model is easier to implement but can generate erroneous conclusions about the service attributes that generate satisfaction.

This systematic review undertook to evaluate the influence of circulating testosterone (activational effects) and the pre-natal exposure to this (organisational effects) as regards risk-taking decisions in financial behaviour. An evaluation was also made on the research work to date on this subject. The bibliographic database analysed was obtained from different databases specialised in the field of psychology and neuroscience. The results obtained show a relationship between circulating testosterone and financial risk-taking. As regards prenatal exposure, research on this topic is still in its infancy, since the few articles found widely differ in methodologies and results. It is hoped that this study will serve as an overview of the current state of the topic, in order to unify the methodologies and to try to improve the quality of future research.

Given its relationship to various indicators of sexual health, sexual assertiveness is a fundamental dimension of human sexuality. This is defined as the ability that people have to initiate sexual activity, refuse unwanted sexual activity, and use contraceptive methods, thereby developing healthy behaviours — which can be measured using the Sexual Assertiveness Scale (SAS). To date, the SAS has not been validated in the Mexican population, albeit it is considered important to examine the psychometric properties of the latter. Therefore, to the aim of this study was to validate the SAS in a sample of 202 Mexican women. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the three-factor structure of the SAS: initiation, rejection, and pregnancy-sexually transmitted diseases (CFI = .953; TLI = .927). Similarly, adequate reliability was obtained in the three subscales and overall (ω = .85). Their scores significantly correlated in the expected direction with sexual self-esteem and the trait depression. It is concluded that the SAS has psychometric properties which are acceptable in Mexican women.