Pub Date : 2019-10-21DOI: 10.1504/ijmsi.2019.103207
Yi Ding, Xiangjun Liu, Wei Zeng
In petroleum field, rock mechanical property is a significant parameter for design of drilling operation. Shale formation has high risk of wellbore instability during drilling. To reduce risk in drilling, more investigations on shale should be conducted. Therefore, in this paper, by using X-ray diffraction and electron microscope scanning test, the mineral composition and microstructure of brittle shale of Longmaxi formation have been analysed. Based on the triaxial compression tests, rock mechanical parameters in variable time have been discussed when shale is in the external force condition. In particular, considering shale failure along weak plane, changes in shale mechanical properties, like stress, strain, structure integrity and elastic parameters, have been analysed. This work offers comprehensive exploration on shale mechanical properties. Mechanical parameters of shale in this study can provide reference for engineering design, and more importantly, establish the foundation for investigation of rock damage in the future.
{"title":"Triaxial tests on weak planes damage of hard brittle shale of Longmaxi formation in South Sichuan Basin, China","authors":"Yi Ding, Xiangjun Liu, Wei Zeng","doi":"10.1504/ijmsi.2019.103207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmsi.2019.103207","url":null,"abstract":"In petroleum field, rock mechanical property is a significant parameter for design of drilling operation. Shale formation has high risk of wellbore instability during drilling. To reduce risk in drilling, more investigations on shale should be conducted. Therefore, in this paper, by using X-ray diffraction and electron microscope scanning test, the mineral composition and microstructure of brittle shale of Longmaxi formation have been analysed. Based on the triaxial compression tests, rock mechanical parameters in variable time have been discussed when shale is in the external force condition. In particular, considering shale failure along weak plane, changes in shale mechanical properties, like stress, strain, structure integrity and elastic parameters, have been analysed. This work offers comprehensive exploration on shale mechanical properties. Mechanical parameters of shale in this study can provide reference for engineering design, and more importantly, establish the foundation for investigation of rock damage in the future.","PeriodicalId":39035,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Materials and Structural Integrity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1504/ijmsi.2019.103207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48835612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-27DOI: 10.1504/IJMSI.2019.10022246
S. Mulay, R. Udhayaraman, M. Anas
It is critical to handle geometric and material nonlinearities in a stable manner while solving the problems from solid mechanics, such that it results in a converged solution. The present work compares the suitability of generalised displacement control (GDC) and displacement control algorithms (DCA) by solving several 1D and 2D formulations. The ability of these algorithms to handle homogeneous and inhomogeneous deformations is also studied. A novel direct displacement control method (DDCM), coupled with Newton-Raphson method, is proposed and compared with GDC and DCA approaches. Appropriate conclusions are finally drawn based on the successful demonstrations of the numerical results obtained by GDC, DCA and DDCM approaches.
{"title":"Comparative study of algorithms to handle geometric and material nonlinearities","authors":"S. Mulay, R. Udhayaraman, M. Anas","doi":"10.1504/IJMSI.2019.10022246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMSI.2019.10022246","url":null,"abstract":"It is critical to handle geometric and material nonlinearities in a stable manner while solving the problems from solid mechanics, such that it results in a converged solution. The present work compares the suitability of generalised displacement control (GDC) and displacement control algorithms (DCA) by solving several 1D and 2D formulations. The ability of these algorithms to handle homogeneous and inhomogeneous deformations is also studied. A novel direct displacement control method (DDCM), coupled with Newton-Raphson method, is proposed and compared with GDC and DCA approaches. Appropriate conclusions are finally drawn based on the successful demonstrations of the numerical results obtained by GDC, DCA and DDCM approaches.","PeriodicalId":39035,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Materials and Structural Integrity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45009859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-27DOI: 10.1504/IJMSI.2019.10022255
Kambhammettu Sri Krishna Sudhamsu, C. L. Rao, A. Deshpande, J. Devan
Elastomeric seals are devices that are widely used to prevent fluid leakage through the interface of mating parts. In this paper, we study the leak characteristics of a representative elastomeric seal system using an experimental setup that has been developed to measure the leak rate of gas through an elastomer-metal interface as a function of sealing load intensity and fluid pressure. These experiments are carried out on nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) and fluoro-elastomer (FKM) specimens using nitrogen gas at pressures ranging from 40 kPa to 800 kPa. The experiments revealed that the leak rate increases rapidly with gas pressure and decreases with sealing load intensity. When leak rate was plotted against normalised gas pressure, it was observed that all the data points fall reasonably on one single curve irrespective of sealing load intensity and the material. These results will be useful for further analysis in developing a mathematical model for characterising fluid leak through elastomer-metal alloy interfaces.
{"title":"Experimental characterisation of leak through elastomer-metal interface","authors":"Kambhammettu Sri Krishna Sudhamsu, C. L. Rao, A. Deshpande, J. Devan","doi":"10.1504/IJMSI.2019.10022255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMSI.2019.10022255","url":null,"abstract":"Elastomeric seals are devices that are widely used to prevent fluid leakage through the interface of mating parts. In this paper, we study the leak characteristics of a representative elastomeric seal system using an experimental setup that has been developed to measure the leak rate of gas through an elastomer-metal interface as a function of sealing load intensity and fluid pressure. These experiments are carried out on nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), hydrogenated nitrile butadiene rubber (HNBR) and fluoro-elastomer (FKM) specimens using nitrogen gas at pressures ranging from 40 kPa to 800 kPa. The experiments revealed that the leak rate increases rapidly with gas pressure and decreases with sealing load intensity. When leak rate was plotted against normalised gas pressure, it was observed that all the data points fall reasonably on one single curve irrespective of sealing load intensity and the material. These results will be useful for further analysis in developing a mathematical model for characterising fluid leak through elastomer-metal alloy interfaces.","PeriodicalId":39035,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Materials and Structural Integrity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47123866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-27DOI: 10.1504/IJMSI.2019.10022235
Yadvendra Kaushik, P. Ramkumar
The present study aims to understand the effect of soot on tribological properties using different tribo-couples of bearing steel, silicon nitride and zirconia. The present test programme is performed using a pin-on-disc tribometer with LVDT, temperature and friction transducers. All tests are carried out at a sliding speed of 5 m/s and contact stress of 2.05 GPa to simulate a typical valve-train operation condition in diesel engine. Commercially available heavy-duty diesel engine oil is used as lubricating oil. Friction and wear results are studied at different levels of soot concentration. Silicon nitride shows the lowest friction and wear against the bearing steel amongst the all tribo-couples. Post-test analysis is carried out using optical microscope and SEM with EDX of the worn surfaces of the pin materials to identify the wear mechanisms. Abrasive wear mechanism was found to be the primary wear mechanism for all tribo-couples. A delamination wear mechanism is proposed for zirconia in presence of soot contamination.
{"title":"Effect of soot on tribological properties of steel and ceramic contacts","authors":"Yadvendra Kaushik, P. Ramkumar","doi":"10.1504/IJMSI.2019.10022235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMSI.2019.10022235","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aims to understand the effect of soot on tribological properties using different tribo-couples of bearing steel, silicon nitride and zirconia. The present test programme is performed using a pin-on-disc tribometer with LVDT, temperature and friction transducers. All tests are carried out at a sliding speed of 5 m/s and contact stress of 2.05 GPa to simulate a typical valve-train operation condition in diesel engine. Commercially available heavy-duty diesel engine oil is used as lubricating oil. Friction and wear results are studied at different levels of soot concentration. Silicon nitride shows the lowest friction and wear against the bearing steel amongst the all tribo-couples. Post-test analysis is carried out using optical microscope and SEM with EDX of the worn surfaces of the pin materials to identify the wear mechanisms. Abrasive wear mechanism was found to be the primary wear mechanism for all tribo-couples. A delamination wear mechanism is proposed for zirconia in presence of soot contamination.","PeriodicalId":39035,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Materials and Structural Integrity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43463712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-27DOI: 10.1504/IJMSI.2019.10022239
Sarthak S. Singh, V. Parameswaran, R. Kitey
The effect of filler shape and volume fraction on the dynamic compression behaviour of low volume fraction rigid particle filled polymer composites is demonstrated by performing experiments using split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) setup. The results indicate negligible influence of spherical particles on the mechanical behaviour of composites due to the large inter-particle separation distance at low volume fractions. On the contrary, the mechanical behaviour of composites is considerably affected by milled-fibres due to the large surface area to volume ratio of slender fillers which significantly decreases the inter-particle separation distance. The computational analysis in combination with experimental observations reveals two competing deformation mechanisms, the constraints provided by fillers to the polymeric chain movements and increasing strain softening in the matrix due to magnified stresses in between the particles. Depending upon the filler volume fraction one of the two mechanisms dominates, thus tailoring post-yield stress vs. strain curves of filled polymers.
{"title":"Filler shape and volume fraction effect on dynamic compression behaviour of glass filler reinforced epoxy composites","authors":"Sarthak S. Singh, V. Parameswaran, R. Kitey","doi":"10.1504/IJMSI.2019.10022239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMSI.2019.10022239","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of filler shape and volume fraction on the dynamic compression behaviour of low volume fraction rigid particle filled polymer composites is demonstrated by performing experiments using split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) setup. The results indicate negligible influence of spherical particles on the mechanical behaviour of composites due to the large inter-particle separation distance at low volume fractions. On the contrary, the mechanical behaviour of composites is considerably affected by milled-fibres due to the large surface area to volume ratio of slender fillers which significantly decreases the inter-particle separation distance. The computational analysis in combination with experimental observations reveals two competing deformation mechanisms, the constraints provided by fillers to the polymeric chain movements and increasing strain softening in the matrix due to magnified stresses in between the particles. Depending upon the filler volume fraction one of the two mechanisms dominates, thus tailoring post-yield stress vs. strain curves of filled polymers.","PeriodicalId":39035,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Materials and Structural Integrity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48627588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-27DOI: 10.1504/IJMSI.2019.10022234
K. Yadav, A. Upadhyay, K. Shukla
This numerical study presents the effect of obliquity on ballistic impact response of plain-woven fabric. A numerical model of plain-woven fabric subjected to a high-velocity impact at yarns crossover is simulated with the help of commercial finite element tool ABAQUS. The FE analysis depicts that the ballistic impact response of plain-woven fabric largely depends on the obliquity of impact due to phenomena like uneven strain distribution in different directions and sliding of the projectile on woven fabric yarns about the point of impact. The total energy dissipated by the fabric showed a decreasing-increasing behaviour with an increase in obliquity. This transition in the trend of total energy dissipated by fabric came in between 30°-45°, which depends on relative dominance of sliding of yarn and uneven strain distribution.
{"title":"Effect of obliquity on ballistic impact response of plain-woven fabric","authors":"K. Yadav, A. Upadhyay, K. Shukla","doi":"10.1504/IJMSI.2019.10022234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMSI.2019.10022234","url":null,"abstract":"This numerical study presents the effect of obliquity on ballistic impact response of plain-woven fabric. A numerical model of plain-woven fabric subjected to a high-velocity impact at yarns crossover is simulated with the help of commercial finite element tool ABAQUS. The FE analysis depicts that the ballistic impact response of plain-woven fabric largely depends on the obliquity of impact due to phenomena like uneven strain distribution in different directions and sliding of the projectile on woven fabric yarns about the point of impact. The total energy dissipated by the fabric showed a decreasing-increasing behaviour with an increase in obliquity. This transition in the trend of total energy dissipated by fabric came in between 30°-45°, which depends on relative dominance of sliding of yarn and uneven strain distribution.","PeriodicalId":39035,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Materials and Structural Integrity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42988822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-27DOI: 10.1504/IJMSI.2019.10022237
Ambuj Sharma, Sandeep Kumar, A. Tyagi, Kumar Kaushik Ranjan
This paper presents a promising numerical scheme for simulation of many harmonics in wave propagation. The wavelet-based adaptive technique eliminates the requirement for a very large number of nodes in finite element method for propagation of such waves. This dynamic adaptive grid selection is based on the fact that very few wavelet coefficients are required to represent a short pulse containing higher harmonics. The method is particularly useful where higher harmonics are ignored due to very high computational cost. In this work, B-spline and Daubechies wavelets-based non-standard (NS) multi-scale operator are applied, and the results are compared with the finite element method.
{"title":"Wavelet-based finite element simulation of guided waves containing harmonics","authors":"Ambuj Sharma, Sandeep Kumar, A. Tyagi, Kumar Kaushik Ranjan","doi":"10.1504/IJMSI.2019.10022237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMSI.2019.10022237","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a promising numerical scheme for simulation of many harmonics in wave propagation. The wavelet-based adaptive technique eliminates the requirement for a very large number of nodes in finite element method for propagation of such waves. This dynamic adaptive grid selection is based on the fact that very few wavelet coefficients are required to represent a short pulse containing higher harmonics. The method is particularly useful where higher harmonics are ignored due to very high computational cost. In this work, B-spline and Daubechies wavelets-based non-standard (NS) multi-scale operator are applied, and the results are compared with the finite element method.","PeriodicalId":39035,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Materials and Structural Integrity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48423412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-27DOI: 10.1504/IJMSI.2019.10022240
N. Deepak, C. L. Rao, S. Krishnan, G. Sasikala, R. Prakash
Ductile crack growth in austenitic 316LN stainless steel weld joint has been studied using FEA simulations with Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) damage model. The material specific GTN damage parameters are assessed and calibrated based on coupled experimental and numerical simulations for tensile and compact tension specimens. The influence of initial crack tip at various locations across the weld thickness has been analysed using CT geometry. The simulated results reveal that the crack propagates along the initial crack line for centrally located welds and deviates from the crack line for interfacial welds. The crack growth path for all cases is explained with damage parameters like equivalent plastic strain and void volume fraction.
{"title":"Numerical investigation of crack growth in AISI type 316LN stainless steel weld joint using GTN damage model","authors":"N. Deepak, C. L. Rao, S. Krishnan, G. Sasikala, R. Prakash","doi":"10.1504/IJMSI.2019.10022240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMSI.2019.10022240","url":null,"abstract":"Ductile crack growth in austenitic 316LN stainless steel weld joint has been studied using FEA simulations with Gurson-Tvergaard-Needleman (GTN) damage model. The material specific GTN damage parameters are assessed and calibrated based on coupled experimental and numerical simulations for tensile and compact tension specimens. The influence of initial crack tip at various locations across the weld thickness has been analysed using CT geometry. The simulated results reveal that the crack propagates along the initial crack line for centrally located welds and deviates from the crack line for interfacial welds. The crack growth path for all cases is explained with damage parameters like equivalent plastic strain and void volume fraction.","PeriodicalId":39035,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Materials and Structural Integrity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44406962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-27DOI: 10.1504/IJMSI.2019.10022253
L. Harish, C. L. Rao
In this study, we present the results of cyclic electromechanical experiments conducted on uniaxially stretched poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films. The experiments were carried out over a range of applied displacement amplitude ranging from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, superposed on an initial stretch on the test samples. The strains were calculated using non-contact speckle monitoring method. The hysteresis plots of mechanical and electromechanical cyclic responses are presented. Stress relaxation was observed up to 70% in orthogonal to stretch direction and 16% in the stretch direction. Observed piezoelectricity along both the directions is reported and discussed in the paper.
{"title":"Cyclic electromechanical response of poly(vinylidene fluoride)","authors":"L. Harish, C. L. Rao","doi":"10.1504/IJMSI.2019.10022253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMSI.2019.10022253","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we present the results of cyclic electromechanical experiments conducted on uniaxially stretched poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) films. The experiments were carried out over a range of applied displacement amplitude ranging from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, superposed on an initial stretch on the test samples. The strains were calculated using non-contact speckle monitoring method. The hysteresis plots of mechanical and electromechanical cyclic responses are presented. Stress relaxation was observed up to 70% in orthogonal to stretch direction and 16% in the stretch direction. Observed piezoelectricity along both the directions is reported and discussed in the paper.","PeriodicalId":39035,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Materials and Structural Integrity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43731782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-27DOI: 10.1504/IJMSI.2019.10022233
S. Srividhya, B. Kumar, Raj P. Gupta, A. Rajagopal
In the present work a generalised higher order shear deformation theory (GHSDT) for the flexural analysis of the functionally graded plates subjected to uniformly distributed load of varying intensities has been formulated. A finite element formulation with a confirming type isoparametric approximation has been formulated and implemented. Various types of boundary conditions have been considered for the analysis. The formulation accounts for geometric nonlinear terms in the strains. The formulation also complies with plate surface boundary conditions and does not require shear correction factors. The formulation has been validated by comparing the results with those available in the literature. Numerical results for different load parameters, volume fraction, and boundary conditions have been presented and compared with literature. Results show that the proposed GHSDT gives a better approximation to transverse shear strains and the results are closer to those obtained from analytical solutions.
{"title":"Nonlinear analysis of FGM plates using generalised higher order shear deformation theory","authors":"S. Srividhya, B. Kumar, Raj P. Gupta, A. Rajagopal","doi":"10.1504/IJMSI.2019.10022233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMSI.2019.10022233","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work a generalised higher order shear deformation theory (GHSDT) for the flexural analysis of the functionally graded plates subjected to uniformly distributed load of varying intensities has been formulated. A finite element formulation with a confirming type isoparametric approximation has been formulated and implemented. Various types of boundary conditions have been considered for the analysis. The formulation accounts for geometric nonlinear terms in the strains. The formulation also complies with plate surface boundary conditions and does not require shear correction factors. The formulation has been validated by comparing the results with those available in the literature. Numerical results for different load parameters, volume fraction, and boundary conditions have been presented and compared with literature. Results show that the proposed GHSDT gives a better approximation to transverse shear strains and the results are closer to those obtained from analytical solutions.","PeriodicalId":39035,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Materials and Structural Integrity","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45810968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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