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Reducing the Sidelobe Level of Reflectarray Antennas Using Phase Perturbation Method 相位摄动法降低反射天线旁瓣电平
Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2020-06-10 DOI: 10.22068/IJEEE.16.2.153
M. Khalaj‐Amirhosseini, M. Nadi-Abiz
Phase Perturbation Method (PPM) is introduced as a new phase-only synthesis method to design reflectarray antennas so as their sidelobe level is reduced. In this method, only the reflected phase of conventional unit cells are perturbed from their required values. To this end, two approaches namely the conventional Optimization method and newly introduced Phase to Amplitude Approximation (PAA) method are proposed. Finally, a reflectarray antenna is designed and fabricated to have a low sidelobe level and its performance is investigated.
引入相位摄动法(PPM)作为一种新的纯相位合成方法,设计反射阵列天线,以降低其旁瓣电平。在这种方法中,只有传统晶胞的反射相位被从其所需值扰动。为此,提出了两种方法,即传统的优化方法和新引入的相幅近似(PAA)方法。最后,设计并制造了一种具有低旁瓣电平的反射阵列天线,并对其性能进行了研究。
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引用次数: 2
GDOP Classification and Approximation by Implementation of Time Delay Neural Network Method for Low-Cost GPS Receivers 基于时延神经网络的低成本GPS接收机GDOP分类与逼近
Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2020-06-10 DOI: 10.22068/IJEEE.16.2.192
M. H. Refan, A. Dameshghi
Geometric Dilution of Precision (GDOP) is a coefficient for constellations of Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites. These satellites are organized geometrically. Traditionally, GPS GDOP computation is based on the inversion matrix with complicated measurement equations. A new strategy for calculation of GPS GDOP is construction of time series problem; it employs machine learning and artificial intelligence methods for problem-solving. In this paper, the Time Delay Neural Network (TDNN) is introduced to the GPS satellite DOP classification. The TDNN has a memory for archiving past event that is critical in GDOP approximation. The TDNN approach is evaluated all subsets of satellites with the less computational burden. Therefore, the use of the inverse matrix method is not required. The proposed approach is conducted for approximation or classification of the GDOP. The experiments show that the approximate total RMS error of TDNN is less than 0.00022 and total performance of satellite classification is 99.48%.
几何精度稀释(GDOP)是全球定位系统(GPS)卫星星座的一个系数。这些卫星是按几何结构排列的。传统上,GPS GDOP的计算是基于具有复杂测量方程的反演矩阵。一种新的GPS GDOP计算策略是构造时间序列问题;它采用机器学习和人工智能方法来解决问题。本文将时延神经网络(TDNN)引入到GPS卫星DOP分类中。TDNN有一个内存,用于归档在GDOP近似中至关重要的过去事件。TDNN方法对所有卫星子集进行评估,计算量较小。因此,不需要使用逆矩阵方法。所提出的方法是为了对GDOP进行近似或分类。实验表明,TDNN的近似总均方根误差小于0.00022,卫星分类的总性能为99.48%。
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引用次数: 2
IoT Based Load Management of a Micro-Grid Using Arduino and HMAS 使用Arduino和HMAS实现基于物联网的微电网负载管理
Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2020-06-10 DOI: 10.22068/IJEEE.16.2.228
M. Legha, E. Farjah
This paper aims to establish an Arduino and IoT-based Hierarchical Multi-Agent System (HMAS) for management of loads’ side with incentive approach in a micro-grid. In this study, the performance of the proposed algorithm in a micro-grid has been verified. The micro-grid contains a battery energy storage system (BESS) and different types of loads known as residential consumer (RC), commercial consumer (CC), and industrial consumer (IC). The user interface on a smartphone directly communicates with the load management system via an integrated Ethernet Shield server which uses Wi-Fi communication protocol. Also, the communication between the Ethernet Shield and the Arduino microcontroller is based on Wi-Fi communication. A simulation model is developed in Java Agent Development Environment (JADE) for dynamic and effective energy administration, which takes an informed decision and chooses the most feasible action to stabilize, sustain, and enhance the micro-grid. Further, the environment variable is sensed through the Arduino microcontroller and sensors, and then given to the MAS agents in the IoT environment. The test results indicated that the system was able to effectively control and regulate the energy in the micro-grid.
本文旨在建立一个基于Arduino和物联网的分层多代理系统(HMAS),用于微电网中负载侧的激励管理。在本研究中,所提出的算法在微网格中的性能已经得到验证。微电网包含电池储能系统(BESS)和不同类型的负载,这些负载被称为住宅消费者(RC)、商业消费者(CC)和工业消费者(IC)。智能手机上的用户界面通过使用Wi-Fi通信协议的集成以太网屏蔽服务器直接与负载管理系统通信。此外,以太网屏蔽和Arduino微控制器之间的通信基于Wi-Fi通信。在Java Agent开发环境(JADE)中开发了一个用于动态有效能源管理的仿真模型,该模型在知情的情况下做出决策,并选择最可行的行动来稳定、维持和增强微电网。此外,通过Arduino微控制器和传感器感测环境变量,然后将其提供给物联网环境中的MAS代理。测试结果表明,该系统能够有效地控制和调节微电网中的能量。
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引用次数: 10
A Current-Mode Single-Resistance-Controlled Oscillator Employing VDCC and All Grounded Passive Elements 采用VDCC和全接地无源元件的电流型单电阻控制振荡器
Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2020-06-10 DOI: 10.22068/IJEEE.16.2.184
T. S. Arora
Realization of a novel single-resistance-controlled oscillator, employing an active element and all grounded passive elements, is the purpose of this manuscript. With requirements for completing the design being only a single Voltage Differencing Current Conveyor and four grounded passive components, it is also a preferable choice for integrated circuit implementation. The designed circuit has an independent control of the frequency of oscillation and current mode output can be achieved from high impedance port, explicitly. Simulation results are presented using PSPICE software along with the regular mathematical analysis. At last experimental verification of the proposed circuit is shown using commercially available integrated circuits.
本文的目的是实现一种新型的单电阻控制振荡器,采用有源元件和全接地无源元件。由于完成设计的要求仅为单个压差电流传送器和四个接地无源元件,因此它也是集成电路实现的首选。所设计的电路具有对振荡频率的独立控制,并且可以明确地从高阻抗端口实现电流模式输出。使用PSPICE软件和常规数学分析给出了仿真结果。最后,使用商用集成电路对所提出的电路进行了实验验证。
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引用次数: 7
Distributed Nonlinear Robust Control for Power Flow in Islanded Microgrids 孤岛微电网潮流的分布式非线性鲁棒控制
Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2020-06-10 DOI: 10.22068/IJEEE.16.2.235
S. M. Hoseini, N. Vasegh, Ali Zangeneh
In this paper, a robust local controller has been designed to balance the power for distributed energy resources (DERs) in an islanded microgrid. Three different DER types are considered in this study; photovoltaic systems, battery energy storage systems, and synchronous generators. Since DER dynamics are nonlinear and uncertain, which may destabilize the power system or decrease the performance, distributed robust nonlinear controllers are designed for the DERs. They are based on the Lyapunov stabilization theory and super-twisting integral sliding mode control which guarantees system stability and optimality simultaneously. The reference signals for each DER are generated by a supervisory controller as a power management system. The controllers proposed in this work are robust, have fast response times, and most importantly, the control signals satisfy physical system constraints. The designed controller stability and effectiveness are also verified using numerical simulations.
本文设计了一种鲁棒的局部控制器来平衡孤岛微电网中分布式能源的功率。本研究考虑了三种不同的DER类型;光伏系统、电池储能系统和同步发电机。由于DER动力学是非线性和不确定的,可能会使电力系统不稳定或降低性能,因此为DER设计了分布式鲁棒非线性控制器。它们基于李雅普诺夫稳定理论和超扭曲积分滑模控制,同时保证了系统的稳定性和最优性。每个DER的参考信号由作为电源管理系统的监控控制器产生。本文提出的控制器具有鲁棒性,响应时间快,最重要的是,控制信号满足物理系统约束。通过数值模拟验证了所设计控制器的稳定性和有效性。
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引用次数: 1
A Framework for Adapting Population-Based and Heuristic Algorithms for Dynamic Optimization Problems 一种用于动态优化问题的基于种群和启发式算法的自适应框架
Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2020-06-10 DOI: 10.22068/IJEEE.16.2.158
S. M. Ejabati, S. Zahiri
In this paper, a general framework was presented to boost heuristic optimization algorithms based on swarm intelligence from static to dynamic environments. Regarding the problems of dynamic optimization as opposed to static environments, evaluation function or constraints change in the time and hence place of optimization. The subject matter of the framework is based on the variability of the number of algorithm individuals and the creation of feasible subspaces appropriate to environmental conditions. Accordingly, to prevent early convergence along with the increasing speed of local search, the search space is divided with respect to the conditions of each moment into subspaces labeled as focused search area, and focused individuals are recruited to make search for it. Moreover, the structure of the design is in such a way that it often adapts itself to environmental condition, and there is no need to identify any change in the environment. The framework proposed for particle swarm optimization algorithm has been implemented as one of the most notable static optimization and a new optimization method referred to as ant lion optimizer. The results from moving peak benchmarks (MPB) indicated the good performance of the proposed framework for dynamic optimization. Furthermore, the positive performance of practices was assessed with respect to real-world issues, including clustering for dynamic data.
本文提出了一个通用框架,将基于群体智能的启发式优化算法从静态环境提升到动态环境。关于与静态环境相对的动态优化问题,评估函数或约束条件会随着优化的时间和地点而变化。该框架的主题是基于算法个体数量的可变性和适合环境条件的可行子空间的创建。因此,为了防止随着局部搜索速度的提高而出现早期收敛,将搜索空间根据每个时刻的条件划分为标记为聚焦搜索区域的子空间,并招募聚焦个体进行搜索。此外,设计的结构往往会适应环境条件,并且不需要识别环境中的任何变化。粒子群优化算法的框架已被实现为最显著的静态优化之一,也是一种新的优化方法,称为蚂蚁优化算法。移动峰值基准测试(MPB)的结果表明,所提出的动态优化框架具有良好的性能。此外,还评估了实践在现实世界问题方面的积极表现,包括动态数据的聚类。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-Objective Learning Automata for Design and Optimization a Two-Stage CMOS Operational Amplifier 基于多目标学习自动机的两级CMOS运算放大器设计与优化
Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2020-06-10 DOI: 10.22068/IJEEE.16.2.201
N. S. Shahraki, S. Zahiri
In this paper, we propose an efficient approach to design optimization of analog circuits that is based on the reinforcement learning method. In this work, Multi-Objective Learning Automata (MOLA) is used to design a two-stage CMOS operational amplifier (op-amp) in 0.25μm technology. The aim is optimizing power consumption and area so as to achieve minimum Total Optimality Index (TOI), as a new and comprehensive proposed criterion, and also meet different design specifications such as DC gain, GainBand Width product (GBW), Phase Margin (PM), Slew Rate (SR), Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR), Power Supply Rejection Ratio (PSRR), etc. The proposed MOLA contains several automata and each automaton is responsible for searching one dimension. The workability of the proposed approach is evaluated in comparison with the most well-known category of intelligent meta-heuristic Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) methods such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Inclined Planes system Optimization (IPO), Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO) and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). The performance of the proposed MOLA is demonstrated in finding optimal Pareto fronts with two criteria Overall Non-dominated Vector Generation (ONVG) and Spacing (SP). In simulations, for the desired application, it has been shown through Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tool that MOLA-based solutions produce better results.
在本文中,我们提出了一种基于强化学习方法的模拟电路优化设计的有效方法。本文利用多目标学习自动机(MOLA)设计了一种0.25μm工艺的两级CMOS运算放大器。其目的是优化功耗和面积,以达到最小的总最优指数(TOI),这是一个新的、全面的标准,同时满足不同的设计规范,如直流增益、增益带宽积(GBW)、相位裕度(PM)、回转率(SR)、共模抑制比(CMRR)、电源抑制比(PSRR)等。所提出的MOLA包含多个自动机,每个自动机负责搜索一个维度。将所提出的方法与最著名的智能元启发式多目标优化(MOO)方法进行比较,如粒子群优化(PSO)、倾斜平面系统优化(IPO)、灰狼优化(GWO)和非支配排序遗传算法II(NSGA-II)。所提出的MOLA在使用两个标准整体非支配向量生成(ONVG)和间距(SP)寻找最优Pareto前沿方面的性能得到了证明。在模拟中,对于所需的应用,已经通过计算机辅助设计(CAD)工具表明,基于MOLA的解决方案可以产生更好的结果。
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引用次数: 4
New Robust Stability Criteria for Uncertain Neutral Time-Delay Systems With Discrete and Distributed Delays 具有离散和分布时滞的不确定中立型时滞系统的新鲁棒稳定性准则
Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2020-06-10 DOI: 10.22068/IJEEE.16.2.174
N. Bensaker, H. Kherfane, B. Bensaker
In this study, delay-dependent robust stability problem is investigated for uncertain neutral systems with discrete and distributed delays. By constructing an augmented Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional involving triple integral terms and taking into account the relationships between the different delays, new less conservative stability and robust stability criteria are established first using the delay bi-decomposition approach then generalized with the delay N-decomposition technique. Some integral inequalities are employed to deal with the cross terms and few free weighing matrices are introduced to reduce the conservatism. The proposed criteria are expressed in terms of linear matrix inequalities. The effectiveness of the proposed stability conditions is illustrated by a numerical example.
研究了具有离散时滞和分布时滞的不确定中立系统的时滞相关鲁棒稳定性问题。通过构造包含三积分项的增广Lyapunov-Krasovskii泛函,并考虑不同时滞之间的关系,首先使用时滞双分解方法建立了新的不太保守稳定性和鲁棒稳定性准则,然后使用时滞N分解技术进行了推广。利用一些积分不等式来处理交叉项,引入几个自由加权矩阵来减少保守性。所提出的准则用线性矩阵不等式表示。通过算例说明了所提出的稳定性条件的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Digitally Excited Reconfigurable Linear Antenna Array Using Swarm Optimization Algorithms 基于群优化算法的数字激励可重构线性天线阵列
Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2020-06-10 DOI: 10.22068/IJEEE.16.2.146
D. Jamunaa, G. K. Mahanti, F. Hasoon
This paper describes the synthesis of digitally excited pencil/flat top dual beams simultaneously in a linear antenna array constructed of isotropic elements. The objective is to generate a pencil/flat top beam pair using the excitations generated by the evolutionary algorithms. Both the beams share common variable discrete amplitude excitations and differ in variable discrete phase excitations. This synthesis is treated as a multi-objective optimization problem and is handled by Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm duly controlling the fitness functions. These functions include many of the radiation pattern parameters like side lobe level, half power beam width and beam width at the side lobe level in both the beams along with the ripple in the flat top band of flat top beam. In addition to it, the dynamic range ratio of the amplitudes excitations is set below a certain level to diminish the mutual coupling effects in the array. Two sets of experiments are conducted and the effectiveness of this algorithm is proved by comparing it with various versions of swarm optimization algorithms.
本文介绍了在各向同性单元构成的线性天线阵列中同时合成数字激发铅笔/平顶双波束的方法。目标是利用进化算法产生的激励产生铅笔/平顶光束对。这两束具有共同的可变离散振幅激励和不同的可变离散相位激励。该综合问题被视为一个多目标优化问题,采用适当控制适应度函数的量子粒子群优化算法进行处理。这些函数包括许多辐射方向图参数,如两个波束的旁瓣电平、半功率波束宽度和旁瓣电平处的波束宽度以及平顶波束平顶带的纹波。此外,还将振幅激励的动态范围比设置在一定水平以下,以减小阵列内的相互耦合效应。进行了两组实验,并与各种版本的群优化算法进行了比较,证明了该算法的有效性。
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引用次数: 0
Capacity Bounds and High-SNR Capacity of the Additive Exponential Noise Channel With Additive Exponential Interference 加性指数干扰下加性指数噪声信道的容量界限和高信噪比容量
Q3 Energy Pub Date : 2020-06-10 DOI: 10.22068/IJEEE.16.2.137
Mostafa Monemizadeh, Hamed Fehri, G. Hodtani, Saeed Hajizadeh
Communication in the presence of a priori known interference at the encoder has gained great interest because of its many practical applications. In this paper, additive exponential noise channel with additive exponential interference (AENC-AEI) known noncausally at the transmitter is introduced as a new variant of such communication scenarios. First, it is shown that the additive Gaussian channel with a priori known interference at the encoder when the transmitter suffers from a fast-varying phase noise can be modeled by the AENC-AEI. Then, capacity bounds for this channel under a non-negativity constraint as well as a mean value constraint on input are derived. Finally, it is shown both analytically and numerically that the upper and lower bounds coincide at high signal to noise ratios (SNRs), and therefore, the capacity of the AENC-AEI at high SNRs is obtained. Interestingly, this high SNR-capacity has a simple closed-form expression and is independent of the interference mean, analogous to its Gaussian counterpart.
在编码器处存在先验已知干扰的通信由于其许多实际应用而引起了极大的兴趣。本文介绍了在发射端非因果已知的具有加性指数干扰的加性指数噪声信道(aence - aei),作为这种通信场景的一种新变体。首先,当发射机遭受快速变化的相位噪声时,编码器处具有先验已知干扰的加性高斯信道可以用aec - aei建模。然后,导出了该信道在非负性约束和输入均值约束下的容量界限。最后,通过解析和数值计算表明,在高信噪比(SNRs)条件下,aac - aei的上下界重合,从而得到了aac - aei在高信噪比条件下的容量。有趣的是,这种高信噪比容量有一个简单的封闭形式表达式,与干扰均值无关,类似于高斯对应。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Iranian Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
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