A. W. N. Veloso, G. B. Filgueiras, Pedro Lorenzo, C. Estanislau
{"title":"Modulation of grooming behavior in rats by different test situations.","authors":"A. W. N. Veloso, G. B. Filgueiras, Pedro Lorenzo, C. Estanislau","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000038","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"5 1","pages":"91-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75171592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mirari Elcoro, C. Aparicio, Scot P. Kelly, T. L. Thompson
{"title":"Behavioral inhibition in rats after 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex.","authors":"Mirari Elcoro, C. Aparicio, Scot P. Kelly, T. L. Thompson","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"101 1","pages":"125-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76306312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Short-term memory recall of visual patterns under static and dynamic visual noise.","authors":"Rafael Vasques, R. B. Garcia, C. Galera","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000039","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"221 1","pages":"46-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76649463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nelson Torro-Alves, I. Bezerra, R. G. E. Claudino, Marcelli Roberto Rodrigues, J. P. MACHADO-DE-SOUSA, F. Osório, J. Crippa
Studies indicate that people with social anxiety show changes in perception of facial emotion. Here we investigated the recognition of static and dynamic facial expressions in 2 groups varying with regard to scores on the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and classified as having high social anxiety (HSA; SPIN 19; n 22) and low social anxiety (SPIN 19; n 21). Facial expressions of happiness, sadness, fear, and anger in dynamic (videos) and static (photos) conditions were presented at 4 intensities (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). For each condition, recognition means were analyzed with an ANOVA of model: 2 groups (2 conditions [static and dynamic] 4 emotions 4 intensities). We found an interaction between the factors Group, Condition, Emotion, and Intensity. Post hoc analysis indicated that the HSA group had better scores in the static face of anger with 25% of emotion compared with controls. No difference between groups was found in the dynamic condition. The analysis of the confusion matrix of judgments indicated that the advantage of the participants with social anxiety in the static condition was not explained by a general bias of attributing anger to facial expressions. The results suggest an advantage for individuals with social anxiety to recognize emotions in stimuli with less ecological validity (static faces). The use of dynamic faces may reduce or eliminate the differences between individuals with high and low social anxiety in the recognition of facial emotions.
{"title":"Facial emotion recognition in social anxiety: The influence of dynamic information.","authors":"Nelson Torro-Alves, I. Bezerra, R. G. E. Claudino, Marcelli Roberto Rodrigues, J. P. MACHADO-DE-SOUSA, F. Osório, J. Crippa","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000042","url":null,"abstract":"Studies indicate that people with social anxiety show changes in perception of facial emotion. Here we investigated the recognition of static and dynamic facial expressions in 2 groups varying with regard to scores on the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) and classified as having high social anxiety (HSA; SPIN 19; n 22) and low social anxiety (SPIN 19; n 21). Facial expressions of happiness, sadness, fear, and anger in dynamic (videos) and static (photos) conditions were presented at 4 intensities (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). For each condition, recognition means were analyzed with an ANOVA of model: 2 groups (2 conditions [static and dynamic] 4 emotions 4 intensities). We found an interaction between the factors Group, Condition, Emotion, and Intensity. Post hoc analysis indicated that the HSA group had better scores in the static face of anger with 25% of emotion compared with controls. No difference between groups was found in the dynamic condition. The analysis of the confusion matrix of judgments indicated that the advantage of the participants with social anxiety in the static condition was not explained by a general bias of attributing anger to facial expressions. The results suggest an advantage for individuals with social anxiety to recognize emotions in stimuli with less ecological validity (static faces). The use of dynamic faces may reduce or eliminate the differences between individuals with high and low social anxiety in the recognition of facial emotions.","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"24 1","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73527138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Relationship of subjective and objective performance indicators in subjective cognitive decline.","authors":"B. P. Mulligan, C. Smart, J. Ali","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"12 1","pages":"362-378"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73205558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. B. Sbicigo, L. R. Piccolo, Natália Becker, S. Vedana, J. C. Rodrigues, J. F. Salles, V. Haase
{"title":"Current perspectives on the anatomo-clinical method in neuropsychology.","authors":"J. B. Sbicigo, L. R. Piccolo, Natália Becker, S. Vedana, J. C. Rodrigues, J. F. Salles, V. Haase","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000050","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"7 1","pages":"198-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87760822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Schroeder, L. Baade, Erica L. Coady, A. Massey, L. Wolford
{"title":"Neurological and neuropsychological assessment of a patient with foreign accent syndrome following oral and maxillofacial surgery.","authors":"R. Schroeder, L. Baade, Erica L. Coady, A. Massey, L. Wolford","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000059","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"6 1","pages":"379-389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87336371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elderly people with neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) present difficulties in learning and maintaining arbitrary conditional relations between stimuli. The aims of Study 1 were to (a) verify the efficacy of a procedure of teaching conditional relations by exclusion in elderly people with and without NCDs and (b) determine the presence or absence of the formation of equivalence classes based on this procedure. Five elderly people without NCDs (control group [CG]) and 6 elderly women with NCDs (experimental group [EG]) underwent a teaching-by-exclusion procedure (linear structure) with 4 classes of stimuli with 5 stimuli each (dictated names of people, photographs, written names, degrees of relatedness, and profession). The formation of equivalence classes was then tested. All of the participants in the CG learned the conditional relations, and 3 of the 5 formed equivalence classes. However, none of the participants in the EG learned the AB relations, despite demonstrating performance by exclusion. The aim of Study 2 was to determine the efficacy of a procedure that combined teaching by exclusion and the delayed-cue procedure to teach arbitrary relations to elderly people with NCDs. Four elderly women with NCDs underwent a teaching procedure (one-to-many structure) with 3 classes with 3 visual stimuli each (photographs, written names, and names of professions). All of the participants learned the conditional relations, and 2 named some of the photographs that were presented. The procedure effectively taught arbitrary relations and may be promising for studying intervention procedures in elderly people with NCDs.
{"title":"Learning conditional relations in elderly people with and without neurocognitive disorders.","authors":"Mariana Ducatti, A. Schmidt","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000049","url":null,"abstract":"Elderly people with neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) present difficulties in learning and maintaining arbitrary conditional relations between stimuli. The aims of Study 1 were to (a) verify the efficacy of a procedure of teaching conditional relations by exclusion in elderly people with and without NCDs and (b) determine the presence or absence of the formation of equivalence classes based on this procedure. Five elderly people without NCDs (control group [CG]) and 6 elderly women with NCDs (experimental group [EG]) underwent a teaching-by-exclusion procedure (linear structure) with 4 classes of stimuli with 5 stimuli each (dictated names of people, photographs, written names, degrees of relatedness, and profession). The formation of equivalence classes was then tested. All of the participants in the CG learned the conditional relations, and 3 of the 5 formed equivalence classes. However, none of the participants in the EG learned the AB relations, despite demonstrating performance by exclusion. The aim of Study 2 was to determine the efficacy of a procedure that combined teaching by exclusion and the delayed-cue procedure to teach arbitrary relations to elderly people with NCDs. Four elderly women with NCDs underwent a teaching procedure (one-to-many structure) with 3 classes with 3 visual stimuli each (photographs, written names, and names of professions). All of the participants learned the conditional relations, and 2 named some of the photographs that were presented. The procedure effectively taught arbitrary relations and may be promising for studying intervention procedures in elderly people with NCDs.","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"92 1","pages":"240-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90723417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daclê Juliani Macrini, L. Bonamin, E. Teodorov, T. B. Kirsten, C. Coelho, P. D. Motta, Luana Ramos, L. Dalboni, E. Bondan, M. Bernardi
{"title":"Overweight male juvenile rats exhibit decreases in sexual behavior and serum testosterone levels and an increase in TNF-α levels in adulthood.","authors":"Daclê Juliani Macrini, L. Bonamin, E. Teodorov, T. B. Kirsten, C. Coelho, P. D. Motta, Luana Ramos, L. Dalboni, E. Bondan, M. Bernardi","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000054","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"128 1","pages":"188-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85744196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Consciousness can be understood as being aware of oneself and one’s own conditions. The cognitive neuroscience concept of “executive function” usually includes the ability to control attention, mental flexibility, awareness, goal-directed behaviors, and the ability to anticipate the consequences of one’s own behavior. Executive function is directly associated with prefrontal cortex activity. Two types of executive function that are associated with 2 different subtypes of prefrontal pathology can be distinguished: (a) “metacognitive executive function” (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), including self-awareness, the temporality of behavior, metacognition, working memory, abstraction, problem solving, and similar complex intellectual processes, and (b) “emotional/motivational executive function” (orbitofrontal and medial frontal lobe), which is related to the ability to coordinate cognition and motivation, including the ability to control emotions and behavior. Self-consciousness represents a major element of metacognitive executive function and is directly related to activity of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
{"title":"Is “Self-Consciousness” Equivalent to “Executive Function”?","authors":"Ardila Alfredo","doi":"10.1037/PNE0000052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/PNE0000052","url":null,"abstract":"Consciousness can be understood as being aware of oneself and one’s own conditions. The cognitive neuroscience concept of “executive function” usually includes the ability to control attention, mental flexibility, awareness, goal-directed behaviors, and the ability to anticipate the consequences of one’s own behavior. Executive function is directly associated with prefrontal cortex activity. Two types of executive function that are associated with 2 different subtypes of prefrontal pathology can be distinguished: (a) “metacognitive executive function” (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), including self-awareness, the temporality of behavior, metacognition, working memory, abstraction, problem solving, and similar complex intellectual processes, and (b) “emotional/motivational executive function” (orbitofrontal and medial frontal lobe), which is related to the ability to coordinate cognition and motivation, including the ability to control emotions and behavior. Self-consciousness represents a major element of metacognitive executive function and is directly related to activity of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)","PeriodicalId":39094,"journal":{"name":"Psychology and Neuroscience","volume":"14 1","pages":"215-220"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90299225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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