Pub Date : 2018-12-15DOI: 10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.38
M. Mishra, M. Mishra, Shantha Selva Kumari, P. Shirke, A. Srivastava, S. Saxena
Papaya leaf curl virus (PaLCuV) of geminiviridae family is a major threat to papaya plants in the world. The major visual characteristics of PaLCuV infected plants are downward and inward rolling and curling of leaves in the form of an inverted cup and thickening of veins. Microscopic observation showed that in the healthy papaya leaf, stomata guard cell size was 19-20 μm. However, it increased significantly in infected plant leaves up to 29-30 μm. This observation suggested that stomatal density and guard cell size were changed due to puckered anatomy of leaf. SEM analysis revealed that subsidiary or accessory cells of guard cells were less turgid and the arrangement of starch grains was disturbed as compared to healthy plant leaves. Light microscopic, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses of symptomatic leaves showed the puckering leaf lamina due to presence of loosened cells in its tissues and hyper-accumulation of Ca2+ ions. High accumulation of Ca2+ in PaLCuV infected leaves as compared to healthy leaves which might be the cause of hypertrophy and thickening of veins of infected papaya leaves. Uniform trichomes/hairs/nodular structures were present in midrib of healthy leaf but were missing in infected leaf. The infected midrib showed scantly distributed floret-like structures instead of a smooth trichomes/hairs/nodular structures in midrib of the healthy leaf.
{"title":"Studies on anatomical behaviour of PaLCuV infected papaya (Carica papaya L.)","authors":"M. Mishra, M. Mishra, Shantha Selva Kumari, P. Shirke, A. Srivastava, S. Saxena","doi":"10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.38","url":null,"abstract":"Papaya leaf curl virus (PaLCuV) of geminiviridae family is a major threat to papaya plants in the world. The major visual characteristics of PaLCuV infected plants are downward and inward rolling and curling of leaves in the form of an inverted cup and thickening of veins. Microscopic observation showed that in the healthy papaya leaf, stomata guard cell size was 19-20 μm. However, it increased significantly in infected plant leaves up to 29-30 μm. This observation suggested that stomatal density and guard cell size were changed due to puckered anatomy of leaf. SEM analysis revealed that subsidiary or accessory cells of guard cells were less turgid and the arrangement of starch grains was disturbed as compared to healthy plant leaves. Light microscopic, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses of symptomatic leaves showed the puckering leaf lamina due to presence of loosened cells in its tissues and hyper-accumulation of Ca2+ ions. High accumulation of Ca2+ in PaLCuV infected leaves as compared to healthy leaves which might be the cause of hypertrophy and thickening of veins of infected papaya leaves. Uniform trichomes/hairs/nodular structures were present in midrib of healthy leaf but were missing in infected leaf. The infected midrib showed scantly distributed floret-like structures instead of a smooth trichomes/hairs/nodular structures in midrib of the healthy leaf.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48033543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-15DOI: 10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.32
Hashem S. Al-hajjaj, Jamal Y. Ayad
Effects of foliar boron (B) application as H3BO3 on yield and fruits quality of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L. var. Medjool) were investigated. The experiment was conducted on 15 years old trees during 2017 growing season. Five different B levels (0, 400, 800, 1200 and 1600 ppm) were applied in a solution of 20 liters∙tree-1 at three equal doses in May, June and July. Fruit yield and quality parameters were determined at maturity harvest stage (tamer). The results showed that foliar B significantly affected yield, bunch weight, fruit set, fruit physicalcharacters and fruit quality. Boron application at the rate of 1600 ppm resulted in 27 % increase in fruits yield (67.7 vs. 53.4 kg∙tree-1), 16 % increase in fruit fresh weight and flesh weight (22.0 vs. 18.9 g.fruit-1), (20.9 vs. 18.0 g fruit-1), respectively, fruit size (49.97 vs. 45.3 mm) and fruit set (88 % vs. 81 %) compared to control. However, the lower rate of boron (400 ppm) was more effective in enhancing fruit quality indices. Total soluble solid (Brix % 75.0), fruit firmness (5.56 kg∙cm-2), glucose content (43.17 %), fructose content (39.28 %) and fruit antioxidant activity (80 %) were significantly increased as compared to control. On other hand, date syrup pH, fruit density and fruit skin separation were not affected by boron application. Overall, the results presented here recommended the use of foliar rates of boron ranging between 400 to 1600 ppm to enhance fruit yield and quality in Medjool dates.
研究了叶面施用硼(B)作为H3BO3对枣椰树(Phoenix dactylifera L. var. Medjool)产量和品质的影响。该实验是在2017年生长季节对15岁的树木进行的。5月、6月和7月在20升∙tree-1溶液中以三次等量施用了五种不同的B水平(0、400、800、1200和1600 ppm)。果实产量和品质参数在成熟期(驯化期)测定。结果表明，叶面B对产量、果重、坐果、果实物理性状和果实品质均有显著影响。施硼量为1600 ppm时，果实产量比对照增加27%(67.7比53.4 kg∙tree-1)，鲜重和果肉重分别增加16%(22.0比18.9 g∙fruit-1)、20.9比18.0 g∙fruit-1)，果实大小(49.97比45.3 mm)和结实度(88%比81%)。较低硼处理(400ppm)对果实品质指标的改善效果更好。与对照相比，总可溶性固形物(Brix % 75.0)、果实硬度(5.56 kg∙cm-2)、葡萄糖含量(43.17%)、果糖含量(39.28%)和果实抗氧化活性(80%)均显著提高。施用硼对枣浆pH、果实密度和果皮分离度没有影响。综上所述，本研究结果建议叶面硼用量在400 ~ 1600 ppm之间，以提高梅德朱尔枣的产量和品质。
{"title":"Effect of foliar boron applications on yield and quality of Medjool date palm","authors":"Hashem S. Al-hajjaj, Jamal Y. Ayad","doi":"10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.32","url":null,"abstract":"Effects of foliar boron (B) application as H3BO3 on yield and fruits quality of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L. var. Medjool) were investigated. The experiment was conducted on 15 years old trees during 2017 growing season. Five different B levels (0, 400, 800, 1200 and 1600 ppm) were applied in a solution of 20 liters∙tree-1 at three equal doses in May, June and July. Fruit yield and quality parameters were determined at maturity harvest stage (tamer). The results showed that foliar B significantly affected yield, bunch weight, fruit set, fruit physicalcharacters and fruit quality. Boron application at the rate of 1600 ppm resulted in 27 % increase in fruits yield (67.7 vs. 53.4 kg∙tree-1), 16 % increase in fruit fresh weight and flesh weight (22.0 vs. 18.9 g.fruit-1), (20.9 vs. 18.0 g fruit-1), respectively, fruit size (49.97 vs. 45.3 mm) and fruit set (88 % vs. 81 %) compared to control. However, the lower rate of boron (400 ppm) was more effective in enhancing fruit quality indices. Total soluble solid (Brix % 75.0), fruit firmness (5.56 kg∙cm-2), glucose content (43.17 %), fructose content (39.28 %) and fruit antioxidant activity (80 %) were significantly increased as compared to control. On other hand, date syrup pH, fruit density and fruit skin separation were not affected by boron application. Overall, the results presented here recommended the use of foliar rates of boron ranging between 400 to 1600 ppm to enhance fruit yield and quality in Medjool dates.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44515137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-15DOI: 10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.42
Aparna Veluru, M. Neema, K. Prakash, A. Arora, P. Naveen Kumar, M. Singh
Vase-life is a key factor for evaluating the post-harvest quality of cut flowers that determines their marketability. Chrysanthemum is one of the top most cut flowers sold in international flower markets. In the present study, trials were conducted to improve the postharvest life of chrysanthemum cut flowers using preservative solutions such as 5-sulfosalicylic acid (5-SSA) and aluminium sulphate (Al2(SO4)3) alone or in combination with 1.5 % sucrose. Treatments using 5-SSA (100 ppm and 150 ppm) or 200 ppm Al2(SO4)3 along with 1.5 % sucrose showed a significant increase in vase-life, fresh weight of the cut stems, vase solution uptake, membrane stability index of the petals and leaf chlorophyll as compared to other treatments. Among different vase solutions evaluated, T10 (200 ppm Al2(SO4)3 +1.5 % sucrose) gave maximum vase life of22.3 days, followed by T8 (5-SSA 150 ppm + 1.5 % sucrose) and T6 (100 ppm 5-SSA+ 1.5 % sucrose) treatments with 20.85 and 19.85 days respectively as compared to 17.84 days in control. High concentrations of both the chemicals (5-SSA and Al2(SO4)3) without sucrose showed toxicity symptoms.
{"title":"Regulation of chrysanthemum cut flower senescence using 5-sulfosalicylic acid and aluminium sulphate","authors":"Aparna Veluru, M. Neema, K. Prakash, A. Arora, P. Naveen Kumar, M. Singh","doi":"10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.42","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.42","url":null,"abstract":"Vase-life is a key factor for evaluating the post-harvest quality of cut flowers that determines their marketability. Chrysanthemum is one of the top most cut flowers sold in international flower markets. In the present study, trials were conducted to improve the postharvest life of chrysanthemum cut flowers using preservative solutions such as 5-sulfosalicylic acid (5-SSA) and aluminium sulphate (Al2(SO4)3) alone or in combination with 1.5 % sucrose. Treatments using 5-SSA (100 ppm and 150 ppm) or 200 ppm Al2(SO4)3 along with 1.5 % sucrose showed a significant increase in vase-life, fresh weight of the cut stems, vase solution uptake, membrane stability index of the petals and leaf chlorophyll as compared to other treatments. Among different vase solutions evaluated, T10 (200 ppm Al2(SO4)3 +1.5 % sucrose) gave maximum vase life of22.3 days, followed by T8 (5-SSA 150 ppm + 1.5 % sucrose) and T6 (100 ppm 5-SSA+ 1.5 % sucrose) treatments with 20.85 and 19.85 days respectively as compared to 17.84 days in control. High concentrations of both the chemicals (5-SSA and Al2(SO4)3) without sucrose showed toxicity symptoms.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44584272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-15DOI: 10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.35
Olukunle Kolade, D. Harp, C. Jones, José G. López
Zinc is an important micronutrient for both plant and human health, and dietary zinc is insufficient in many areas of the world, caused by a diet dominated by grains and vegetables grown on zinc deficient soils. Celosia argentea L. is an herbaceous annual adapted to difficult soil conditions, low soil nutrient content, and hot weather and is commonly grown as a leafy vegetable in many parts of Africa. This study was conducted to evaluate zinc fertilization of celosia at levels higher than normally recommended, but below toxic levels, to determine the effect on plant performance and dietary value. Celosia was grown in a controlled environment with four zinc fertilizer treatments (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg Zn·kg-1). Zinc fertilization had minor effects on plant growth, with differences only found in plant height and root fresh weight with both decreasing at fertilization levels above 100 mg Zn·kg-1. Higher zinc fertilization increased root nitrogen, leaf and root zinc, potassium and magnesium concentrations, though leaf magnesium decreased at the highest zinc fertilizer levels. At 50 mg Zn·kg-1, zinc fertilization toxicity symptoms were unexpessed thus it can improve plant performance and provide potentially significant dietary benefits to people with limited access to zinc in their diet.
{"title":"Effects of zinc fertilization on growth and leaf nutrient content of Celosia argentea L.","authors":"Olukunle Kolade, D. Harp, C. Jones, José G. López","doi":"10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.35","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc is an important micronutrient for both plant and human health, and dietary zinc is insufficient in many areas of the world, caused by a diet dominated by grains and vegetables grown on zinc deficient soils. Celosia argentea L. is an herbaceous annual adapted to difficult soil conditions, low soil nutrient content, and hot weather and is commonly grown as a leafy vegetable in many parts of Africa. This study was conducted to evaluate zinc fertilization of celosia at levels higher than normally recommended, but below toxic levels, to determine the effect on plant performance and dietary value. Celosia was grown in a controlled environment with four zinc fertilizer treatments (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg Zn·kg-1). Zinc fertilization had minor effects on plant growth, with differences only found in plant height and root fresh weight with both decreasing at fertilization levels above 100 mg Zn·kg-1. Higher zinc fertilization increased root nitrogen, leaf and root zinc, potassium and magnesium concentrations, though leaf magnesium decreased at the highest zinc fertilizer levels. At 50 mg Zn·kg-1, zinc fertilization toxicity symptoms were unexpessed thus it can improve plant performance and provide potentially significant dietary benefits to people with limited access to zinc in their diet.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41523038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-15DOI: 10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.34
Bhavana G.P, B. S. Kumudini, C. Aswath
A simpler and more efficient protocol for mass propagation of Anthurium from somatically derived in vitro shoots through suspension culture was developed. Shoot proliferation was obtained with agar-solidified MS medium as well as liquid MS medium, at various concentration of BAP. After 45 days of incubation at 80 rpm, both the media gave best results at 8.8 μM BAP, whereas higher number (29.333±0.342) of shoots was obtained with liquid medium compared to solid medium (7.667±0.342). The matured plantlets were harvested and subjected to acclimatization after 30 days of primary and 60 days of secondary hardening and then they were transferred to field. Survival rate of plants (71.3 %) in liquid medium was higher compared to the ones from solid medium (43.0 %).
{"title":"Micropropagation of Anthurium through suspension culture using in vitro shoots","authors":"Bhavana G.P, B. S. Kumudini, C. Aswath","doi":"10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.34","url":null,"abstract":"A simpler and more efficient protocol for mass propagation of Anthurium from somatically derived in vitro shoots through suspension culture was developed. Shoot proliferation was obtained with agar-solidified MS medium as well as liquid MS medium, at various concentration of BAP. After 45 days of incubation at 80 rpm, both the media gave best results at 8.8 μM BAP, whereas higher number (29.333±0.342) of shoots was obtained with liquid medium compared to solid medium (7.667±0.342). The matured plantlets were harvested and subjected to acclimatization after 30 days of primary and 60 days of secondary hardening and then they were transferred to field. Survival rate of plants (71.3 %) in liquid medium was higher compared to the ones from solid medium (43.0 %).","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45107947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-15DOI: 10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.39
D. Manikanta, A. P. Chaitra, S. Cholin
Carrot is a sexully propagating, biennial root crop. Flowering related characters and germination parameters have a significant role on the root quality and productivity in the succeeding generations. Larger genetic variation exists in nature for seed and umbel characters due its out crossing behavior. In order to study, the nature of genetic variability, heritability and the association pattern, 48 open pollinated varieties were evaluated in tropical region of Karnataka, India during 2015 for 27 characters including seed, umbel and germination parameters. Both qualitative and quantitative characters were used for the study. The data was subjected to statistical analysis for genetic variability components such as genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), heritability in broad sense (h2) genetic advance (GA) and Genetic advance as percent mean (GAM) and Pearson’s correlation. Genetic variability and heritability coupled with genetic advance as percent mean (GAM) were high for number of umbellates per umbel, bolting tendency and umbel weight. Many other characters showed low to moderate genetic variability coupled with moderate heritability and GAM. From the correlation coefficient analysis few characters viz., density of flowers in umbels, number of umbellates/ umbel, umbel shape, bolting tendency showed positive association with seed and umbel yield. Seed length and size of spines on the seeds affects the germination % negatively. Since, the present study involves maximum characters and good number of cultivars with wider genetic background; hence, detailed understanding of the genetic variability and association pattern for these characters in the reproductive phase of carrot would provide useful information for breeders as well as seed scientists.
{"title":"Understanding the genetic variability, heritability and association pattern for the characters related to reproductive phase of carrots (Daucus carota L.) in tropical region","authors":"D. Manikanta, A. P. Chaitra, S. Cholin","doi":"10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.39","url":null,"abstract":"Carrot is a sexully propagating, biennial root crop. Flowering related characters and germination parameters have a significant role on the root quality and productivity in the succeeding generations. Larger genetic variation exists in nature for seed and umbel characters due its out crossing behavior. In order to study, the nature of genetic variability, heritability and the association pattern, 48 open pollinated varieties were evaluated in tropical region of Karnataka, India during 2015 for 27 characters including seed, umbel and germination parameters. Both qualitative and quantitative characters were used for the study. The data was subjected to statistical analysis for genetic variability components such as genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), heritability in broad sense (h2) genetic advance (GA) and Genetic advance as percent mean (GAM) and Pearson’s correlation. Genetic variability and heritability coupled with genetic advance as percent mean (GAM) were high for number of umbellates per umbel, bolting tendency and umbel weight. Many other characters showed low to moderate genetic variability coupled with moderate heritability and GAM. From the correlation coefficient analysis few characters viz., density of flowers in umbels, number of umbellates/ umbel, umbel shape, bolting tendency showed positive association with seed and umbel yield. Seed length and size of spines on the seeds affects the germination % negatively. Since, the present study involves maximum characters and good number of cultivars with wider genetic background; hence, detailed understanding of the genetic variability and association pattern for these characters in the reproductive phase of carrot would provide useful information for breeders as well as seed scientists.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47523944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-15DOI: 10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.37
C. Madhumathi, V. Bhargav, D. Srinivasa Reddy, P. Lalitha Kameshwari, D. Sreedhar, T. Naga Lakshmi
Fifty nine chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) genotypes were evaluated for their performance under southern zone of Andhra Pradesh at HRS Farm, Anantharajupeta, Y.S.R. Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes for all vegetative, flowering and yield traits studied. Genotype Selection-5 (56.50 cm) recorded maximum plant height, and plant spread was maximum in two genotypes Chandini and Violet (51.83 cm). Genotypes Sugandha Yellow and Sugandha White produced maximum (11.67) number of primary branches/plant while least in Yellow Cherub (2.33). Earliest bud appearance was observed in genotype Violet (61.67 days), whereas genotype Meera (113.52 days) was late. The highest number of flowers/spray and spray length was produced by genotype Yellow Star and Selection-2 (41.67 and 44.87 cm), respectively. Flower diameter was maximum in Firtation (10.06 cm), however, number of flowers/plant was highest in HYDC7 (287). The weight of single flower and 100 flower weight was maximum in Mother Teresa (4.96 g and 495.50 g). Keeping in view of these characters, genotypes Mother Teresa, Firtation and Chrysanthemum Yellow were found to be highly suitable to grow under Rayalaseema conditions of Andhra Pradesh for loose flower production. Based on hierarchical cluster of the morphological traits, the genotypes were grouped into three. Results of principal component Analysis (PCA) were also in conformity with the results of cluster analysis. Key word: Chrysanthemum, genotype, morphological traits, cluster analysis and PCA
{"title":"Assessment of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) germplasm for commercial cultivation under Rayalaseema region of Andhra Pradesh","authors":"C. Madhumathi, V. Bhargav, D. Srinivasa Reddy, P. Lalitha Kameshwari, D. Sreedhar, T. Naga Lakshmi","doi":"10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.37","url":null,"abstract":"Fifty nine chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.) genotypes were evaluated for their performance under southern zone of Andhra Pradesh at HRS Farm, Anantharajupeta, Y.S.R. Kadapa, Andhra Pradesh. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes for all vegetative, flowering and yield traits studied. Genotype Selection-5 (56.50 cm) recorded maximum plant height, and plant spread was maximum in two genotypes Chandini and Violet (51.83 cm). Genotypes Sugandha Yellow and Sugandha White produced maximum (11.67) number of primary branches/plant while least in Yellow Cherub (2.33). Earliest bud appearance was observed in genotype Violet (61.67 days), whereas genotype Meera (113.52 days) was late. The highest number of flowers/spray and spray length was produced by genotype Yellow Star and Selection-2 (41.67 and 44.87 cm), respectively. Flower diameter was maximum in Firtation (10.06 cm), however, number of flowers/plant was highest in HYDC7 (287). The weight of single flower and 100 flower weight was maximum in Mother Teresa (4.96 g and 495.50 g). Keeping in view of these characters, genotypes Mother Teresa, Firtation and Chrysanthemum Yellow were found to be highly suitable to grow under Rayalaseema conditions of Andhra Pradesh for loose flower production. Based on hierarchical cluster of the morphological traits, the genotypes were grouped into three. Results of principal component Analysis (PCA) were also in conformity with the results of cluster analysis. Key word: Chrysanthemum, genotype, morphological traits, cluster analysis and PCA","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44902926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-15DOI: 10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.30
F. Gerami, P. R. Moghaddam, R. Ghorbani, A. Hassani
Over utilization of medicinal plants from wild habitat is causing genetic diversity loss of these valuable plants. In order to determine the optimum planting date and density of oregano for successful production, a field experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Iran. The experimental design was split-plot based on randomized complete blocks with three planting dates (April 19, May 5 and May 20) as main plots and four plant densities (8.33, 10, 12.5 and 16.67 plants m-2) were assigned as sub-plots, all of which replicated three times. Results showed that planting date had significant effects on all traits except the stem proportion and 1000 seed weight. The highest values for all traits were obtained from the first date of planting, whereas values decreased with later planting dates. Also, stem number, plant spread, fresh and dry herb yield, seed yield and essential oil yield significantly influenced by plant density. With increase in plant density, stem number in per plant and plant spread decreased. The maximum fresh and dry herb yield (10618.23 and 2934.36 kg ha-1, respectively) and essential oil yield (42.786 kg ha-1) were obtained at the highest plant density. In conclusion, first planting date with higher plant density caused the greater essential oil yield, fresh and dry herb yield.
{"title":"Influence of planting date and plant density on morphological characteristics, seed yield and essential oil percentage of oregano (Origanum vulgare L.)","authors":"F. Gerami, P. R. Moghaddam, R. Ghorbani, A. Hassani","doi":"10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2018.v20i03.30","url":null,"abstract":"Over utilization of medicinal plants from wild habitat is causing genetic diversity loss of these valuable plants. In order to determine the optimum planting date and density of oregano for successful production, a field experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Iran. The experimental design was split-plot based on randomized complete blocks with three planting dates (April 19, May 5 and May 20) as main plots and four plant densities (8.33, 10, 12.5 and 16.67 plants m-2) were assigned as sub-plots, all of which replicated three times. Results showed that planting date had significant effects on all traits except the stem proportion and 1000 seed weight. The highest values for all traits were obtained from the first date of planting, whereas values decreased with later planting dates. Also, stem number, plant spread, fresh and dry herb yield, seed yield and essential oil yield significantly influenced by plant density. With increase in plant density, stem number in per plant and plant spread decreased. The maximum fresh and dry herb yield (10618.23 and 2934.36 kg ha-1, respectively) and essential oil yield (42.786 kg ha-1) were obtained at the highest plant density. In conclusion, first planting date with higher plant density caused the greater essential oil yield, fresh and dry herb yield.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43973690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-15DOI: 10.37855/jah.2018.v20i02.25
A. Nikmatullah, I. Ramadhan, M. Sarjan
Growth and production of apical stem cuttings under various soil-less culture conditions for mass production of potato G1 seed tubers was investigated. Different cutting lengths, Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) concentration, and age of mother plants from which the cuttings were taken, were evaluated for survival and growth of the cuttings. In separate experiments, successful cuttings were planted at different spacings and fertilizer rates. The highest survival rate was obtained from apical cuttings with three nodes treated with 1 ppm IAA. The best cutting growth was obtained from cuttings derived from 2 to 3 week-old mother plants. Plant height and individual leaf areas were higher at low spacing (10 cm x 10 cm), and a higher dose of NPK fertilizer (40 g/plot). The number of tubers and tuber weight per plant were higher at a spacing of 20 x 20 cm and fertilizer dose of 40 g/plot. Although higher plant density resulted in smaller tuber size, the combination of close spacing and higher doses of fertilizer resulted in the highest yield per unit area. Importantly, stock plants showed no significant decrease in plant yield after cutting. The results indicate that apical cuttings can be used for the mass-propagation of G0 seed plants to speed up and increase the efficiency of production of G1 seed tubers.
研究了在不同无土栽培条件下马铃薯G1种子块茎顶端茎插条的生长和产量。对不同的扦插长度、吲哚乙酸（IAA）浓度和扦插母株的年龄进行了扦插成活和生长评估。在单独的实验中，成功的插条以不同的间距和施肥率种植。最高的存活率来自用1ppm IAA处理的具有三个节的顶端插条。最佳的扦插生长是从2至3周龄的母株中获得的。在低间距（10 cm x 10 cm）和较高剂量的NPK肥料（40 g/块）下，株高和单株叶面积较高。单株块茎数量和块茎重量在20 x 20厘米的间距和40克/块的肥料剂量下更高。尽管植物密度越高，块茎越小，但紧密的间距和更高剂量的肥料相结合，单位面积产量最高。重要的是，库存植物在切割后没有表现出显著的植物产量下降。结果表明，顶端插穗可用于G0种子植物的大规模繁殖，以加快和提高G1种子块茎的生产效率。
{"title":"Growth and yield of apical stem cuttings of white potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) derived from disease-free G0 plants","authors":"A. Nikmatullah, I. Ramadhan, M. Sarjan","doi":"10.37855/jah.2018.v20i02.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2018.v20i02.25","url":null,"abstract":"Growth and production of apical stem cuttings under various soil-less culture conditions for mass production of potato G1 seed tubers was investigated. Different cutting lengths, Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) concentration, and age of mother plants from which the cuttings were taken, were evaluated for survival and growth of the cuttings. In separate experiments, successful cuttings were planted at different spacings and fertilizer rates. The highest survival rate was obtained from apical cuttings with three nodes treated with 1 ppm IAA. The best cutting growth was obtained from cuttings derived from 2 to 3 week-old mother plants. Plant height and individual leaf areas were higher at low spacing (10 cm x 10 cm), and a higher dose of NPK fertilizer (40 g/plot). The number of tubers and tuber weight per plant were higher at a spacing of 20 x 20 cm and fertilizer dose of 40 g/plot. Although higher plant density resulted in smaller tuber size, the combination of close spacing and higher doses of fertilizer resulted in the highest yield per unit area. Importantly, stock plants showed no significant decrease in plant yield after cutting. The results indicate that apical cuttings can be used for the mass-propagation of G0 seed plants to speed up and increase the efficiency of production of G1 seed tubers.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46137358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-08-15DOI: 10.37855/jah.2018.v20i02.19
Urmi Chauhan, Anil Kumar Singh, Divyesh Godani, S. Handa, P. Gupta, Shivani Patel, P. Joshi
Effect of various plant extracts during in vitro culture of rose (Rosa hybrida L. cv. bush rose), with the objective of replacing synthetic Plant Growth regulators (PGRs) to reduce the production cost, was studied. Test extracts included sweet lime juice, orange juice, sweet corn extract, tomato fruit extract and coconut water. Significant increase in shoot multiplication (15.41±1.12 shoots/explant), shoot length (3.66±0.08 cm), fresh weight (7.48±0.71 g) and dry weight (1.68±0.075 g) was observed when coconut water (@10 % v/v) was used in the standard MS medium. Addition of tomato fruit extract in the MS medium did not show any noteworthy effect on growth in rose micropropagules. Total chlorophyll and other biomolecules varied with the change in the type and concentration of plant extract. Highest accumulation of biomolecules was recorded on coconut water (@ 10 % v/v) supplemented MS medium followed by sweet corn extract and orange juice. Although tomato fruit extract (@10 % v/v) enhanced the total chlorophyll biosynthesis but at the same time depressed the accumulation of other biomolecules. Treatment of plant extract was given in two different ways; a) incorporation in the medium prior to autoclaving (PrA) and b) post-autoclaving addition of filter sterilized extract (PoA). No significant changes were noted in growth when mode of application was changed. To know the physiological pandemonium in the cells, peroxidase and IAAoxidase activity was noted. No abnormal changes in the activity of these enzymes were recorded in the propagules grown on different plant extracts. The total cost of synthetic 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) can be reduced upto 98 % by replacing it with natural plant extract.
{"title":"Some natural extracts from plants as low-cost alternatives for synthetic PGRs in rose micropropagation","authors":"Urmi Chauhan, Anil Kumar Singh, Divyesh Godani, S. Handa, P. Gupta, Shivani Patel, P. Joshi","doi":"10.37855/jah.2018.v20i02.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37855/jah.2018.v20i02.19","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of various plant extracts during in vitro culture of rose (Rosa hybrida L. cv. bush rose), with the objective of replacing synthetic Plant Growth regulators (PGRs) to reduce the production cost, was studied. Test extracts included sweet lime juice, orange juice, sweet corn extract, tomato fruit extract and coconut water. Significant increase in shoot multiplication (15.41±1.12 shoots/explant), shoot length (3.66±0.08 cm), fresh weight (7.48±0.71 g) and dry weight (1.68±0.075 g) was observed when coconut water (@10 % v/v) was used in the standard MS medium. Addition of tomato fruit extract in the MS medium did not show any noteworthy effect on growth in rose micropropagules. Total chlorophyll and other biomolecules varied with the change in the type and concentration of plant extract. Highest accumulation of biomolecules was recorded on coconut water (@ 10 % v/v) supplemented MS medium followed by sweet corn extract and orange juice. Although tomato fruit extract (@10 % v/v) enhanced the total chlorophyll biosynthesis but at the same time depressed the accumulation of other biomolecules. Treatment of plant extract was given in two different ways; a) incorporation in the medium prior to autoclaving (PrA) and b) post-autoclaving addition of filter sterilized extract (PoA). No significant changes were noted in growth when mode of application was changed. To know the physiological pandemonium in the cells, peroxidase and IAAoxidase activity was noted. No abnormal changes in the activity of these enzymes were recorded in the propagules grown on different plant extracts. The total cost of synthetic 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) can be reduced upto 98 % by replacing it with natural plant extract.","PeriodicalId":39205,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Horticulture","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43668427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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