Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews202217008
Charles Bwalya Chisanga
Abstract Numerous modelling efforts have focused on maize as it is an important cereal crop for both human consumption and livestock production. Crop simulation and multi-linear regressions models can be used to quantify the likely potential impacts of climate change on maize growth and yield. Such models include AquaCrop, Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM), Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer (DSSAT), EPIC, CropSyst, Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2), SARRA-H, IMPACT+DSSAT, DSSAT, ALAMANC, WOFOST, ADEL, GEPIC, Empirical, MOS, GLAM-Maize, InfoCrop and EcoCrop, among others. Models give predictions utilizing meteorological, soil and crop data in numerical simulations. Various sources of climatic data are available including government meteorological and research departments, world organizations and private institutions. Climate data can also be generated using statistical and dynamical downscaling tools. The review showed that future maize growth and yield would be affected by changes in precipitation, temperature and soil fertility. Rise in temperature is the major factor altering maize yield. Nevertheless, crop simulation models have been observed to give mixed results depending on the region and the crop. Sources of uncertainty in predictions have been attributed to challenges in model parameterization, calibration and validation.
{"title":"Modelling climate change impacts on maize.","authors":"Charles Bwalya Chisanga","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews202217008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews202217008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Numerous modelling efforts have focused on maize as it is an important cereal crop for both human consumption and livestock production. Crop simulation and multi-linear regressions models can be used to quantify the likely potential impacts of climate change on maize growth and yield. Such models include AquaCrop, Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM), Decision Support System for Agro-technology Transfer (DSSAT), EPIC, CropSyst, Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2), SARRA-H, IMPACT+DSSAT, DSSAT, ALAMANC, WOFOST, ADEL, GEPIC, Empirical, MOS, GLAM-Maize, InfoCrop and EcoCrop, among others. Models give predictions utilizing meteorological, soil and crop data in numerical simulations. Various sources of climatic data are available including government meteorological and research departments, world organizations and private institutions. Climate data can also be generated using statistical and dynamical downscaling tools. The review showed that future maize growth and yield would be affected by changes in precipitation, temperature and soil fertility. Rise in temperature is the major factor altering maize yield. Nevertheless, crop simulation models have been observed to give mixed results depending on the region and the crop. Sources of uncertainty in predictions have been attributed to challenges in model parameterization, calibration and validation.","PeriodicalId":39273,"journal":{"name":"CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89761045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews202217005
R. Yousefpour
Abstract Climate smart forestry (CSF) integrates ecological, economic and social dimensions in forest decision process under climate change. CSF aims to develop adaptive response to global change and optimally contribute to mitigation goals. CSF projects are ecologically effective and economically efficient in reaching the goals and involve society in the process.
{"title":"Climate-smart forestry - potential and practicalities.","authors":"R. Yousefpour","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews202217005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews202217005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Climate smart forestry (CSF) integrates ecological, economic and social dimensions in forest decision process under climate change. CSF aims to develop adaptive response to global change and optimally contribute to mitigation goals. CSF projects are ecologically effective and economically efficient in reaching the goals and involve society in the process.","PeriodicalId":39273,"journal":{"name":"CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79928332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews202217007
A. McCoy
Abstract Osteoarthritis is a common and debilitating disease affecting horses across breeds and disciplines. Although the cornerstone of therapy among equine practitioners remains systemic and local anti-inflammatory medications, this approach only addresses the symptoms of osteoarthritis, rather than modifying the progression of the disease itself. There has been great interest in various biologic and cell-based therapies, such as autologous conditioned serum, platelet-rich plasma, and mesenchymal stem cells, as potentially being disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs. In vitro and experimental results for these novel modalities are promising. However, although the use of these therapies is now widespread, scientific evidence supporting their efficacy in clinical cases is limited to date. Gene therapy for delivery of anti-inflammatory cytokines or growth factors has also been investigated experimentally with good results but has not entered widespread clinical practice. Standardized definitions of disease and large randomized controlled trials, organized across institutions, are needed improve evidence-based recommendations for osteoarthritis treatment. This review provides a brief overview of what is known about the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis and addresses the current literature for medical treatment of osteoarthritis in the horse.
{"title":"Advances in the treatment of osteoarthritis in horses.","authors":"A. McCoy","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews202217007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews202217007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Osteoarthritis is a common and debilitating disease affecting horses across breeds and disciplines. Although the cornerstone of therapy among equine practitioners remains systemic and local anti-inflammatory medications, this approach only addresses the symptoms of osteoarthritis, rather than modifying the progression of the disease itself. There has been great interest in various biologic and cell-based therapies, such as autologous conditioned serum, platelet-rich plasma, and mesenchymal stem cells, as potentially being disease-modifying osteoarthritis drugs. In vitro and experimental results for these novel modalities are promising. However, although the use of these therapies is now widespread, scientific evidence supporting their efficacy in clinical cases is limited to date. Gene therapy for delivery of anti-inflammatory cytokines or growth factors has also been investigated experimentally with good results but has not entered widespread clinical practice. Standardized definitions of disease and large randomized controlled trials, organized across institutions, are needed improve evidence-based recommendations for osteoarthritis treatment. This review provides a brief overview of what is known about the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis and addresses the current literature for medical treatment of osteoarthritis in the horse.","PeriodicalId":39273,"journal":{"name":"CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89533558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews202217006
Josefina Lohrmann
Abstract Adequate pollination is fundamental to optimize reproduction and yield of most flowering plants, including many staple food crops. Plants depending on insect pollination rely heavily on many wild species of solitary and social bees, and declines or absence of bees often hampers crop productivity, prompting supplementation of pollination services with managed bees. Though honeybees are the most widely deployed managed pollinators, many high-value crops are pollinated more efficiently by bumblebees (Bombus spp.), prompting domestication and commercial rearing of several species. This led to a blooming international trade that translocated species outside their native range, where they escaped management and invaded the ecosystems around their deployment sites. Here, we briefly review the history of bumblebee invasions and their main impacts on invaded ecosystems, and close by discussing alternatives to the use of commercially reared bumblebees to enhance crop pollination. As evidence of widespread negative effects on local ecosystems of bumblebee invasions builds up, bumblebee trade adds to the list of examples of "biological" strategies devised to solve agricultural problems that ended up being far from the "green," eco-friendly solutions they were expected to be.
{"title":"When bio is not green: the impacts of bumblebee translocation and invasion on native ecosystems.","authors":"Josefina Lohrmann","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews202217006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews202217006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Adequate pollination is fundamental to optimize reproduction and yield of most flowering plants, including many staple food crops. Plants depending on insect pollination rely heavily on many wild species of solitary and social bees, and declines or absence of bees often hampers crop productivity, prompting supplementation of pollination services with managed bees. Though honeybees are the most widely deployed managed pollinators, many high-value crops are pollinated more efficiently by bumblebees (Bombus spp.), prompting domestication and commercial rearing of several species. This led to a blooming international trade that translocated species outside their native range, where they escaped management and invaded the ecosystems around their deployment sites. Here, we briefly review the history of bumblebee invasions and their main impacts on invaded ecosystems, and close by discussing alternatives to the use of commercially reared bumblebees to enhance crop pollination. As evidence of widespread negative effects on local ecosystems of bumblebee invasions builds up, bumblebee trade adds to the list of examples of \"biological\" strategies devised to solve agricultural problems that ended up being far from the \"green,\" eco-friendly solutions they were expected to be.","PeriodicalId":39273,"journal":{"name":"CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78278073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-01DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews202217003
Monika H. Egerer
Abstract Urban agricultural systems are a prominent social-ecological system in cities and towns across the world. The multifunctional nature of urban agriculture engenders many benefits to urban residents, from food provision to social cohesion. In addition, many environmental services such as climate regulation and habitat for urban wildlife are supported by these agroecosystems. Both local to landscape management factors including plant diversity and ground cover management influence the provision of ecosystem services. Yet, the management decisions may create trade-offs between and among ecosystem services with the increase in one service potentially reducing the ability of the system to provide another service at a desired level. While there are some services that practitioners may not care to lose as much, for other services, the maintenance of a service will be important, based on the goals of the system. Thus, balancing and sustaining ecosystem services must be carefully considered in ecosystem management decisions. Here, we review ecosystem services (ES) within urban agriculture (UA) with a focus on residential, community, and market garden systems, and how local to landscape management influence ES provision. In addition, we evaluate trade-offs between and across services, for example, between provisioning services (food production) versus other environmental services (regulating, supporting). Finally, we highlight future research directions on ecosystem services and the trade-offs for sustainable urban food production, biodiversity, and natural resource conservation.
{"title":"Balancing urban agriculture with sustaining ecosystem services.","authors":"Monika H. Egerer","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews202217003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews202217003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Urban agricultural systems are a prominent social-ecological system in cities and towns across the world. The multifunctional nature of urban agriculture engenders many benefits to urban residents, from food provision to social cohesion. In addition, many environmental services such as climate regulation and habitat for urban wildlife are supported by these agroecosystems. Both local to landscape management factors including plant diversity and ground cover management influence the provision of ecosystem services. Yet, the management decisions may create trade-offs between and among ecosystem services with the increase in one service potentially reducing the ability of the system to provide another service at a desired level. While there are some services that practitioners may not care to lose as much, for other services, the maintenance of a service will be important, based on the goals of the system. Thus, balancing and sustaining ecosystem services must be carefully considered in ecosystem management decisions. Here, we review ecosystem services (ES) within urban agriculture (UA) with a focus on residential, community, and market garden systems, and how local to landscape management influence ES provision. In addition, we evaluate trade-offs between and across services, for example, between provisioning services (food production) versus other environmental services (regulating, supporting). Finally, we highlight future research directions on ecosystem services and the trade-offs for sustainable urban food production, biodiversity, and natural resource conservation.","PeriodicalId":39273,"journal":{"name":"CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85357815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews202217002
Rohini Mattoo
Abstract Soil bacteria contribute effectively to key biogeochemical reactions in the soil rhizosphere. They support plants in the rhizosphere to adapt quickly to changing climatic conditions. Differences in root exudates, trace gas chemistry, chemical compounds and nutrient exchange contribute to the recruitment of diverse microorganisms by plant roots. This review highlights the importance of characterizing novel microorganisms to support sustainable agricultural practices. We discuss about tools for characterizing microbes and agricultural practices that influence microbial diversity, and have reviewed how microorganisms may have important but unidentified roles in climate change. Beneficial microbes could improve the turnover of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other minerals thereby avoiding the use of chemical inputs, which are not only causing serious environmental harm but also pose danger to human and animal health.
{"title":"Harnessing soil bacteria and their benefits for sustainable agriculture with changing climate.","authors":"Rohini Mattoo","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews202217002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews202217002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Soil bacteria contribute effectively to key biogeochemical reactions in the soil rhizosphere. They support plants in the rhizosphere to adapt quickly to changing climatic conditions. Differences in root exudates, trace gas chemistry, chemical compounds and nutrient exchange contribute to the recruitment of diverse microorganisms by plant roots. This review highlights the importance of characterizing novel microorganisms to support sustainable agricultural practices. We discuss about tools for characterizing microbes and agricultural practices that influence microbial diversity, and have reviewed how microorganisms may have important but unidentified roles in climate change. Beneficial microbes could improve the turnover of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and other minerals thereby avoiding the use of chemical inputs, which are not only causing serious environmental harm but also pose danger to human and animal health.","PeriodicalId":39273,"journal":{"name":"CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86022861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews202217001
D. Tahri
Abstract Arid and desert environments are characterized by the sparse and discontinuous vegetation cover. Species that have been able to survive difficult bioclimatic conditions and adapt from generation to generation in these areas had to develop physiological and biochemical mechanisms of tolerance and/or resistance. The use of secondary metabolites, specifically terpenoids, is predominant in most of the biotic and abiotic interactions in which these plants are involved. Studies have shown their roles in the prevention of oxidative stress by intervening in thermo-tolerance, water stress, and salt stress generalized in a model of "the protective role of volatile compounds" explained by a single biochemical mechanism. Other studies have proven the functions of terpenoids in direct and indirect defenses against natural enemies, herbivores, and pathogenic microorganisms, in the attraction of pollinators, in competition and facilitation and other interactions between plants. This review mainly summarizes the recent research progress on the adaptation mechanisms of plants in arid environments and the biological and ecological roles of terpenoids in the various biotic and abiotic interactions.
{"title":"Terpenoids of plants in arid environments.","authors":"D. Tahri","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews202217001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews202217001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Arid and desert environments are characterized by the sparse and discontinuous vegetation cover. Species that have been able to survive difficult bioclimatic conditions and adapt from generation to generation in these areas had to develop physiological and biochemical mechanisms of tolerance and/or resistance. The use of secondary metabolites, specifically terpenoids, is predominant in most of the biotic and abiotic interactions in which these plants are involved. Studies have shown their roles in the prevention of oxidative stress by intervening in thermo-tolerance, water stress, and salt stress generalized in a model of \"the protective role of volatile compounds\" explained by a single biochemical mechanism. Other studies have proven the functions of terpenoids in direct and indirect defenses against natural enemies, herbivores, and pathogenic microorganisms, in the attraction of pollinators, in competition and facilitation and other interactions between plants. This review mainly summarizes the recent research progress on the adaptation mechanisms of plants in arid environments and the biological and ecological roles of terpenoids in the various biotic and abiotic interactions.","PeriodicalId":39273,"journal":{"name":"CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84823721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.1079/pavsnnr202116060
E. Yano
Abstract In Japan, augmentative biological control is mainly implemented in greenhouses using arthropod natural enemies. Two imported natural enemy species, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) against spider mites and Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) against the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), were first commercialised in greenhouses in 1995, followed by the commercialisation of other exotic species. Exotic arthropod natural enemies are used to control both exotic and indigenous pests in greenhouses. Currently, the most popular exotic natural enemy species are predatory mites such as P. persimilis and Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Recently, there has been a shift from using exotic to using indigenous natural enemies in greenhouses. Currently, the importation of generalist predators for augmentative biological control is very difficult in Japan. Several collaborative studies have been conducted in Japan to develop biological control using indigenous natural enemies. These studies developed innovative technologies, such as new banker plant systems based on combinations of two natural enemies or flightless Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Indigenous natural enemies have been commercialised following the registration of Orius strigicollis (Poppius) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Biological control can be achieved using an indigenous strain of Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) with a banker plant system, on which the bug can reproduce without alternative prey. Research and development of biological control using indigenous natural enemies should be continued in Japan.
{"title":"Augmentative biological control in greenhouses in Japan.","authors":"E. Yano","doi":"10.1079/pavsnnr202116060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/pavsnnr202116060","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 In Japan, augmentative biological control is mainly implemented in greenhouses using arthropod natural enemies. Two imported natural enemy species, Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) against spider mites and Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) against the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), were first commercialised in greenhouses in 1995, followed by the commercialisation of other exotic species. Exotic arthropod natural enemies are used to control both exotic and indigenous pests in greenhouses. Currently, the most popular exotic natural enemy species are predatory mites such as P. persimilis and Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Recently, there has been a shift from using exotic to using indigenous natural enemies in greenhouses. Currently, the importation of generalist predators for augmentative biological control is very difficult in Japan. Several collaborative studies have been conducted in Japan to develop biological control using indigenous natural enemies. These studies developed innovative technologies, such as new banker plant systems based on combinations of two natural enemies or flightless Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Indigenous natural enemies have been commercialised following the registration of Orius strigicollis (Poppius) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). Biological control can be achieved using an indigenous strain of Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae) with a banker plant system, on which the bug can reproduce without alternative prey. Research and development of biological control using indigenous natural enemies should be continued in Japan.","PeriodicalId":39273,"journal":{"name":"CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87744748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.1079/pavsnnr202116062
Rachael Vriezen
Abstract As climate change progresses, higher temperatures and longer periods of extreme weather are likely to increasingly impact the production and health of dairy cattle, in turn affecting farm-level profits and economic decision-making. This review identifies and summarizes the currently available research on the effect of climate-related heat stress or heat stress mitigation measures on milk yield, mortality, and economic parameters on dairy farms. A scoping review approach was adopted to map the volume, range, and characteristics of the existing body of evidence and to identify research gaps. Through a comprehensive search, 286 studies published between 2010 and 2020 were identified and underwent data extraction and analysis. These studies were conducted in 46 countries, and encompassed both research and non-research herds as well as simulation models. The Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) was the most common indicator of heat stress, although a range of atmospheric, physiological, and descriptive indicators were used. Three-quarters of these studies examined at least one heat stress mitigation strategy, such as genetic manipulations, mechanical interventions, and diet manipulation. Approximately 97% of studies evaluated the impact of heat stress on milk yield, and 10% of studies examined at least one economic parameter. Research gaps exist in the analysis of economic parameters related to heat stress in dairy cattle. Given the urgent and increasing nature of climate challenges, additional economic analyses of the effects of heat stress in dairy cattle are needed to inform production and animal health decisions in a rapidly changing environment.
{"title":"Milk production, mortality, and economic parameters in the context of heat-stressed dairy cattle.","authors":"Rachael Vriezen","doi":"10.1079/pavsnnr202116062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/pavsnnr202116062","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 As climate change progresses, higher temperatures and longer periods of extreme weather are likely to increasingly impact the production and health of dairy cattle, in turn affecting farm-level profits and economic decision-making. This review identifies and summarizes the currently available research on the effect of climate-related heat stress or heat stress mitigation measures on milk yield, mortality, and economic parameters on dairy farms. A scoping review approach was adopted to map the volume, range, and characteristics of the existing body of evidence and to identify research gaps. Through a comprehensive search, 286 studies published between 2010 and 2020 were identified and underwent data extraction and analysis. These studies were conducted in 46 countries, and encompassed both research and non-research herds as well as simulation models. The Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) was the most common indicator of heat stress, although a range of atmospheric, physiological, and descriptive indicators were used. Three-quarters of these studies examined at least one heat stress mitigation strategy, such as genetic manipulations, mechanical interventions, and diet manipulation. Approximately 97% of studies evaluated the impact of heat stress on milk yield, and 10% of studies examined at least one economic parameter. Research gaps exist in the analysis of economic parameters related to heat stress in dairy cattle. Given the urgent and increasing nature of climate challenges, additional economic analyses of the effects of heat stress in dairy cattle are needed to inform production and animal health decisions in a rapidly changing environment.","PeriodicalId":39273,"journal":{"name":"CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82134141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.1079/pavsnnr202116057
Constanza Gutiérrez-Gómez
Abstract The livestock sector faces an important challenge in the medium and long term since it must satisfy an increasing demand for animal products as a result of the increase in population and the world economy but safeguarding natural resources and at the same time minimizing the environmental contamination, especially the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions attributed to livestock husbandry. For Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), this becomes more relevant given the importance of the sector for the food security of rural communities, particularly for small-scale producers. In this manuscript, we address the main challenges of LAC in this context, from a global perspective that includes the demographic, economic, cultural, and environmental effects. The biggest global challenge for the LAC livestock sector for the coming decades is how to satisfy the growing human demand for animal protein in a sustainable way maintaining the food security of their communities. The efforts to achieve these goals require focusing on improving the efficiency of both animal husbandry and production systems. Therefore, it is necessary to implement technologies of sustainable intensification and it is urgent that those who make political decisions become aware of these issues.
{"title":"The tension between global GHG emissions of animal source foods, sustainability, and food security in Latin America and the Caribbean.","authors":"Constanza Gutiérrez-Gómez","doi":"10.1079/pavsnnr202116057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/pavsnnr202116057","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 The livestock sector faces an important challenge in the medium and long term since it must satisfy an increasing demand for animal products as a result of the increase in population and the world economy but safeguarding natural resources and at the same time minimizing the environmental contamination, especially the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions attributed to livestock husbandry. For Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), this becomes more relevant given the importance of the sector for the food security of rural communities, particularly for small-scale producers. In this manuscript, we address the main challenges of LAC in this context, from a global perspective that includes the demographic, economic, cultural, and environmental effects. The biggest global challenge for the LAC livestock sector for the coming decades is how to satisfy the growing human demand for animal protein in a sustainable way maintaining the food security of their communities. The efforts to achieve these goals require focusing on improving the efficiency of both animal husbandry and production systems. Therefore, it is necessary to implement technologies of sustainable intensification and it is urgent that those who make political decisions become aware of these issues.","PeriodicalId":39273,"journal":{"name":"CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82633129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：