Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0031
Suseelendra Desai, Krishna Chaitanya Tirunagaru, K. Venkateswara Rao, Rathnakaran Upasana, J.V.N.S. Prasad, K.N. Nithin, Vijay Kumar Didal, Nitin Misal
Abstract The research and development efforts coupled with suitable policies over decades have resulted in India becoming self-reliant in food grain production. However, the rising incidence of extreme weather events due to climate change and climatic variability over the last few decades could impact the food security of the country. The impact of these events could result in increased frequency of dry spells and floods; multiple stresses in a given season; emergence of new pests/biovars; soil health deterioration; reduced animal and poultry productivity; changes in fish species diversity; and disrupted market services. Efforts at the regional/agro-ecology level to minimize the adverse impacts through adaptation strategies have shown positive results. These efforts included a demonstration of selected technologies, enhancing awareness about impacts to the stakeholders, and operationalization of agricultural contingency plans. New investments and research-extension-policy networks over the last decade by the government of India have shown impressive results with a possibility of developing ‘Climate smart village clusters’. To ensure resilience coupled with sustainable profitability, thrust should be laid to investing on infrastructure for advanced research, packaging of farming system/agro-ecology-specific adaptation strategies, state-of-the-art knowledge management systems, skill development programs and enabling policy framework.
{"title":"Agricultural impacts of climate change in India and potential adaptations","authors":"Suseelendra Desai, Krishna Chaitanya Tirunagaru, K. Venkateswara Rao, Rathnakaran Upasana, J.V.N.S. Prasad, K.N. Nithin, Vijay Kumar Didal, Nitin Misal","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0031","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The research and development efforts coupled with suitable policies over decades have resulted in India becoming self-reliant in food grain production. However, the rising incidence of extreme weather events due to climate change and climatic variability over the last few decades could impact the food security of the country. The impact of these events could result in increased frequency of dry spells and floods; multiple stresses in a given season; emergence of new pests/biovars; soil health deterioration; reduced animal and poultry productivity; changes in fish species diversity; and disrupted market services. Efforts at the regional/agro-ecology level to minimize the adverse impacts through adaptation strategies have shown positive results. These efforts included a demonstration of selected technologies, enhancing awareness about impacts to the stakeholders, and operationalization of agricultural contingency plans. New investments and research-extension-policy networks over the last decade by the government of India have shown impressive results with a possibility of developing ‘Climate smart village clusters’. To ensure resilience coupled with sustainable profitability, thrust should be laid to investing on infrastructure for advanced research, packaging of farming system/agro-ecology-specific adaptation strategies, state-of-the-art knowledge management systems, skill development programs and enabling policy framework.","PeriodicalId":39273,"journal":{"name":"CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources","volume":"63 15","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136282013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-07DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0028
Juan Pablo Sarmiento Barletti, Léna Prouchet, Anne M. Larson
Abstract This preliminary assessment of rights-based approaches (RBAs) seeks to contribute to the ongoing discussions of RBAs for Indigenous Peoples and local communities (IPs and LCs). RBAs purposefully position the recognition of, respect for, and access to individual and collective rights as central to an initiative’s planning, design, implementation, process monitoring, and outcomes. In mainstream climate change, conservation, and development programs and policies, this means refocusing the relationship between “beneficiaries” and “implementers” to one of rights-holders and duty-bearers. RBAs hold growing discursive importance in relation to the rights of IPs and LCs in conservation and climate change spheres, including the agendas of international agencies. The growing interest in RBAs, and their inclusion in frameworks that will guide development, conservation, and climate projects over the next decade, is laudable. However, there are few reviews that seek to understand how RBAs emerged and how they have been conceptualized. Such analysis is a necessary basis from which to advance discussions on the impact of RBAs and provide lessons to support them. In this review, our primary interest is the conception, conceptualization, and implementation of RBAs in forest-based initiatives, but we reviewed the wider scholarly and gray literature on RBAs in development, conservation, and climate action initiatives.
{"title":"Rights-based approaches and Indigenous peoples and local communities: Findings from a literature review","authors":"Juan Pablo Sarmiento Barletti, Léna Prouchet, Anne M. Larson","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This preliminary assessment of rights-based approaches (RBAs) seeks to contribute to the ongoing discussions of RBAs for Indigenous Peoples and local communities (IPs and LCs). RBAs purposefully position the recognition of, respect for, and access to individual and collective rights as central to an initiative’s planning, design, implementation, process monitoring, and outcomes. In mainstream climate change, conservation, and development programs and policies, this means refocusing the relationship between “beneficiaries” and “implementers” to one of rights-holders and duty-bearers. RBAs hold growing discursive importance in relation to the rights of IPs and LCs in conservation and climate change spheres, including the agendas of international agencies. The growing interest in RBAs, and their inclusion in frameworks that will guide development, conservation, and climate projects over the next decade, is laudable. However, there are few reviews that seek to understand how RBAs emerged and how they have been conceptualized. Such analysis is a necessary basis from which to advance discussions on the impact of RBAs and provide lessons to support them. In this review, our primary interest is the conception, conceptualization, and implementation of RBAs in forest-based initiatives, but we reviewed the wider scholarly and gray literature on RBAs in development, conservation, and climate action initiatives.","PeriodicalId":39273,"journal":{"name":"CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources","volume":"224 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135475634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Over one decade since the first report, Malaysian porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) molecular detection rates remain high at 83.78 and 83.54% for farm and sampled domestic pig population levels respectively. Clinically healthy finishers also showed a high detection rate of 94.74%. Most notably, a major genotype shift from genotype PCV2b to PCV2d was observed. PCV2 antigen was also detected in the Malaysian wild boar population, sharing significant nucleotide identity similarities with PCV2 strains of domestic pigs. Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3), which was discovered not too long ago in 2017, has been confirmed to be present among the Malaysian commercial pig population at a molecular prevalence of 41.67% at the farm level and 17.02% at the sampled domestic pig population level respectively. Most recently, PCV4 had been detected in Malaysia, albeit at a much lower molecular prevalence of 4.08%. Both PCV4-positive samples originated from clinically healthy finishers. Phylogenetic analyses suggested the possibility of PCV3 and PCV4 being introduced by international trade activities. For practical and economic reasons, in the local Malaysian pig industry, field diagnostics of PCV2 cases generally rely on clinical and post-mortem findings, together with herd antibody titer and qPCR viremia titer. Currently, commercial PCV3 diagnostics service and vaccines are not available locally. With updated local PCV2 epidemiology, control and management efforts could be adapted into more effective strategies. A common management strategy for PCV2 challenge in farms could be applied for the time being to control potential PCV3 problems in the farms. As for PCV4, a larger number of field samples from cases of different clinical manifestations needs to be included to obtain a more accurate epidemiological picture.
{"title":"Porcine circoviruses in Malaysia","authors":"Chew Yee Tan, Roongroje Thanawongnuwech, Peck Toung Ooi","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0030","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Over one decade since the first report, Malaysian porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) molecular detection rates remain high at 83.78 and 83.54% for farm and sampled domestic pig population levels respectively. Clinically healthy finishers also showed a high detection rate of 94.74%. Most notably, a major genotype shift from genotype PCV2b to PCV2d was observed. PCV2 antigen was also detected in the Malaysian wild boar population, sharing significant nucleotide identity similarities with PCV2 strains of domestic pigs. Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3), which was discovered not too long ago in 2017, has been confirmed to be present among the Malaysian commercial pig population at a molecular prevalence of 41.67% at the farm level and 17.02% at the sampled domestic pig population level respectively. Most recently, PCV4 had been detected in Malaysia, albeit at a much lower molecular prevalence of 4.08%. Both PCV4-positive samples originated from clinically healthy finishers. Phylogenetic analyses suggested the possibility of PCV3 and PCV4 being introduced by international trade activities. For practical and economic reasons, in the local Malaysian pig industry, field diagnostics of PCV2 cases generally rely on clinical and post-mortem findings, together with herd antibody titer and qPCR viremia titer. Currently, commercial PCV3 diagnostics service and vaccines are not available locally. With updated local PCV2 epidemiology, control and management efforts could be adapted into more effective strategies. A common management strategy for PCV2 challenge in farms could be applied for the time being to control potential PCV3 problems in the farms. As for PCV4, a larger number of field samples from cases of different clinical manifestations needs to be included to obtain a more accurate epidemiological picture.","PeriodicalId":39273,"journal":{"name":"CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources","volume":"31 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136263433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-27DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0029
Mohammed Alasmar, Sabry El-Khodery, Mohamed Youssef, Maged El-Ashker
Abstract Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common diseases in dogs and cats. The infections occur when the natural defence systems of the urinary tract and pathogenic bacteria are out of balance. Diagnosis of UTIs requires a simultaneous evaluation of clinical signs and urine culture, which is necessary before initiating appropriate antibiotic therapy. Several variables, such as subclinical bacteriuria or pre-analytical errors, can make the interpretation of urine cultures problematic. The aim of this review was to provide an up-to-date overview of UTIs in dogs and cats and to improve the current understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenic aspects of uropathogens, and innovative therapeutic modalities.
{"title":"A narrative review of current perspectives on urinary tract infections in dogs and cats","authors":"Mohammed Alasmar, Sabry El-Khodery, Mohamed Youssef, Maged El-Ashker","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bacterial urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common diseases in dogs and cats. The infections occur when the natural defence systems of the urinary tract and pathogenic bacteria are out of balance. Diagnosis of UTIs requires a simultaneous evaluation of clinical signs and urine culture, which is necessary before initiating appropriate antibiotic therapy. Several variables, such as subclinical bacteriuria or pre-analytical errors, can make the interpretation of urine cultures problematic. The aim of this review was to provide an up-to-date overview of UTIs in dogs and cats and to improve the current understanding of the epidemiology, pathogenic aspects of uropathogens, and innovative therapeutic modalities.","PeriodicalId":39273,"journal":{"name":"CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136235582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0025
Anugrah Shaw, Olivier Sanvido, Githaiga Wagate, Markus Röver
Abstract Pesticides are used in agriculture worldwide. Typically, approval of the products for specific uses is required. During the approval process, a risk assessment takes place that estimates risks to human health based on exposure to pesticides, in addition to environmental risks. This publication focuses mainly on requirements and options to reduce exposure risks for operators. Effective operator health and safety is considered to be based on four pillars: (1) risk assessment, (2) risk mitigation, (3) risk communication, and (4) information and training of farmers. Information on each of the four pillars addressed here includes (1) background Information, (2) example(s) for consideration, and (3) recommendation for process improvement. This article analyses and describes the basic assumptions and procedures as well as the inter-connectedness of actions that result in information communicated to the operators. It was identified that in many regions one or more of the pillars mentioned are not effective and could be improved. This includes considerations on exposure models available and under development, the definition of appropriate PPE as well as options and current developments in the field of risk communication including the identification of the relevant stakeholders. The major objective of the article is to initiate discussion on the framework that is required to improve each of the four pillars starting from a proper risk assessment considering realistic risk mitigation measures, followed by a clear and concise risk communication and finally the implementation of safety measures through proper information and training for the trainers and farmers.
{"title":"Pesticide operator safety: A global framework to support operator safety at the “local” level","authors":"Anugrah Shaw, Olivier Sanvido, Githaiga Wagate, Markus Röver","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pesticides are used in agriculture worldwide. Typically, approval of the products for specific uses is required. During the approval process, a risk assessment takes place that estimates risks to human health based on exposure to pesticides, in addition to environmental risks. This publication focuses mainly on requirements and options to reduce exposure risks for operators. Effective operator health and safety is considered to be based on four pillars: (1) risk assessment, (2) risk mitigation, (3) risk communication, and (4) information and training of farmers. Information on each of the four pillars addressed here includes (1) background Information, (2) example(s) for consideration, and (3) recommendation for process improvement. This article analyses and describes the basic assumptions and procedures as well as the inter-connectedness of actions that result in information communicated to the operators. It was identified that in many regions one or more of the pillars mentioned are not effective and could be improved. This includes considerations on exposure models available and under development, the definition of appropriate PPE as well as options and current developments in the field of risk communication including the identification of the relevant stakeholders. The major objective of the article is to initiate discussion on the framework that is required to improve each of the four pillars starting from a proper risk assessment considering realistic risk mitigation measures, followed by a clear and concise risk communication and finally the implementation of safety measures through proper information and training for the trainers and farmers.","PeriodicalId":39273,"journal":{"name":"CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135012480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Ensuring operator safety when handling and applying chemical pesticides is an important aspect of pesticide registration. A risk-based approach to assess if operators can safely apply a pesticide product is usually conducted in countries with a regulatory infrastructure to support the relatively complex process for risk assessment. However, most low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) have limited expertise and/or resources for conducting sophisticated operator risk assessments. The FAO Pesticide Registration Toolkit was developed to support regulators from countries with limited resources to conduct operator risk assessments for national/regional pesticide registration processes. The two operator exposure models referenced in the FAO toolkit for agricultural use, based primarily on studies conducted in Europe and the United States, focus more on mechanical-assisted spray equipment prevalent in those regions. The models for hand-held application technology are based on a rather limited dataset. The applicability of the models for scenarios prevalent in the country and complexity of the risk assessment process are the two key challenges LMIC countries face in using the models referenced in the toolkit. A global initiative that builds on existing expertise and available studies is underway to develop a global database and operator exposure model for handheld application scenarios prevalent in most LMICs. The goal is to develop a user-friendly risk assessment and mitigation tool to be proposed for inclusion in the FAO toolkit. This article provides a brief overview of risk assessment and examines factors that contribute to the accuracy and consistency of exposure models and risk mitigation measures to ensure operator safety. It also proposes suggestions that can serve as the basis for a user-friendly risk assessment and risk mitigation tool based on a global database for handheld applications
{"title":"Improvement in operator safety for low- and middle-income countries: A user-friendly, consistent risk assessment and mitigation process","authors":"Anugrah Shaw, Sabine Martin, Claudia Großkopf, Olivier Sanvido, Githaiga Wagate","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0026","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ensuring operator safety when handling and applying chemical pesticides is an important aspect of pesticide registration. A risk-based approach to assess if operators can safely apply a pesticide product is usually conducted in countries with a regulatory infrastructure to support the relatively complex process for risk assessment. However, most low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) have limited expertise and/or resources for conducting sophisticated operator risk assessments. The FAO Pesticide Registration Toolkit was developed to support regulators from countries with limited resources to conduct operator risk assessments for national/regional pesticide registration processes. The two operator exposure models referenced in the FAO toolkit for agricultural use, based primarily on studies conducted in Europe and the United States, focus more on mechanical-assisted spray equipment prevalent in those regions. The models for hand-held application technology are based on a rather limited dataset. The applicability of the models for scenarios prevalent in the country and complexity of the risk assessment process are the two key challenges LMIC countries face in using the models referenced in the toolkit. A global initiative that builds on existing expertise and available studies is underway to develop a global database and operator exposure model for handheld application scenarios prevalent in most LMICs. The goal is to develop a user-friendly risk assessment and mitigation tool to be proposed for inclusion in the FAO toolkit. This article provides a brief overview of risk assessment and examines factors that contribute to the accuracy and consistency of exposure models and risk mitigation measures to ensure operator safety. It also proposes suggestions that can serve as the basis for a user-friendly risk assessment and risk mitigation tool based on a global database for handheld applications","PeriodicalId":39273,"journal":{"name":"CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources","volume":"17 04","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134908465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0027
Flora C. Amagloh, Richard A. Atuna, Fortune Akabanda, Nana Oye Pobi, Esther A. Donkor, Gifty Koomson, Francis K. Amagloh
Abstract The prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and non-communicable diseases are on the rise in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) despite the abundance of indigenous nutritious and biofortified crops. Rapid urbanisation and poor dietary habits have resulted in most Ghanaian households frequently consuming highly processed foods, sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats in place of complex carbohydrates such as whole grains, root and tuber crops, fruits, and vegetables. Existing postharvest and food processing practices may also not help consumers to make healthy food choices that would result in optimal nutrition. Applying a food systems approach will enable stakeholders to consider the solutions to these public health concerns through different lenses along the agricultural value chain. This review examines nutritious indigenous crops in Ghana, that include millet, sorghum, soybean, locust bean, aerial yam, taro, and cocoyam, considering how their nutrient composition could aid in disease prevention and health promotion among the populace. In addition, biofortified crops such as yellow and orange maize, high iron bean, yellow cassava, and orange-fleshed sweetpotato are discussed, highlighting the focal nutrients and their relation to health improvement. This review employs the food systems approach to critically examine how nutrition can be maximised along the various steps of the agricultural value chain. It concludes with recommendations at the individual and policy levels that could result in medium- and long-term positive impacts on nutrition and health status.
{"title":"The potential of underutilised and biofortified grains, roots, and tubers in Ghana: A nutrition-sensitive approach for improved health","authors":"Flora C. Amagloh, Richard A. Atuna, Fortune Akabanda, Nana Oye Pobi, Esther A. Donkor, Gifty Koomson, Francis K. Amagloh","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and non-communicable diseases are on the rise in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) despite the abundance of indigenous nutritious and biofortified crops. Rapid urbanisation and poor dietary habits have resulted in most Ghanaian households frequently consuming highly processed foods, sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats in place of complex carbohydrates such as whole grains, root and tuber crops, fruits, and vegetables. Existing postharvest and food processing practices may also not help consumers to make healthy food choices that would result in optimal nutrition. Applying a food systems approach will enable stakeholders to consider the solutions to these public health concerns through different lenses along the agricultural value chain. This review examines nutritious indigenous crops in Ghana, that include millet, sorghum, soybean, locust bean, aerial yam, taro, and cocoyam, considering how their nutrient composition could aid in disease prevention and health promotion among the populace. In addition, biofortified crops such as yellow and orange maize, high iron bean, yellow cassava, and orange-fleshed sweetpotato are discussed, highlighting the focal nutrients and their relation to health improvement. This review employs the food systems approach to critically examine how nutrition can be maximised along the various steps of the agricultural value chain. It concludes with recommendations at the individual and policy levels that could result in medium- and long-term positive impacts on nutrition and health status.","PeriodicalId":39273,"journal":{"name":"CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135779305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-14DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0024
M.T. Kidd, P.B. Tilman, N.S. Nuntawadee, P. Chrystal
Abstract Consumable poultry from the broiler chicken sector represents a highly complex production and processing supply chain system, yet poultry products are highly versatile, healthy, and affordable for consumers on a global scale. However, the accessibility of broilers to many in developing countries is insufficient to meet daily protein needs. As such, broiler chicken production markets will increase in the foreseeable future in the Americas due to available corn and soybean meal, and in developing countries where protein consumption falls below consumer needs. Feed represents the highest variable costs in broiler chicken production. Broiler diet balanced protein supply differs among producers geographically which is primarily dependent on soybean meal availability and price. In this review, dietary protein supply in terms of feed grade amino acids is discussed. Moreover, broiler diet formulation matrices on a dynamic versus static template are also discussed. In doing so, efficiency and profitability can be gleaned from optimizing the ingredient and nutrient matrices for the overall business as ingredient nutrient compositions and price vary via equations and models, respectively.
{"title":"Precision feeding for optimizing poultry production","authors":"M.T. Kidd, P.B. Tilman, N.S. Nuntawadee, P. Chrystal","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Consumable poultry from the broiler chicken sector represents a highly complex production and processing supply chain system, yet poultry products are highly versatile, healthy, and affordable for consumers on a global scale. However, the accessibility of broilers to many in developing countries is insufficient to meet daily protein needs. As such, broiler chicken production markets will increase in the foreseeable future in the Americas due to available corn and soybean meal, and in developing countries where protein consumption falls below consumer needs. Feed represents the highest variable costs in broiler chicken production. Broiler diet balanced protein supply differs among producers geographically which is primarily dependent on soybean meal availability and price. In this review, dietary protein supply in terms of feed grade amino acids is discussed. Moreover, broiler diet formulation matrices on a dynamic versus static template are also discussed. In doing so, efficiency and profitability can be gleaned from optimizing the ingredient and nutrient matrices for the overall business as ingredient nutrient compositions and price vary via equations and models, respectively.","PeriodicalId":39273,"journal":{"name":"CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134912968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-18DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews.2023.004
Guillermo Gomer Cotrina Cabello, Alfonso Ruiz Rodriguez, Aqarab Husnain Gondal, Franklin Ore Areche, Denis Dante Corilla Flores, Jhon Adolfo Quincho Astete, Becquer Frauberth Camayo-Lapa, Rafael Julian Malpartida Yapias, Abdul Jabbar, José Yovera Saldarriaga, William Herminio Salas-Contreras, Dante Daniel Cruz Nieto
Abstract Withdrawal of DOI: Please note that this DOI has been withdrawn and the review article can be found at https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0004
{"title":"DOI Withdrawn: Plant adaptability to climate change and drought stress for crop growth and production","authors":"Guillermo Gomer Cotrina Cabello, Alfonso Ruiz Rodriguez, Aqarab Husnain Gondal, Franklin Ore Areche, Denis Dante Corilla Flores, Jhon Adolfo Quincho Astete, Becquer Frauberth Camayo-Lapa, Rafael Julian Malpartida Yapias, Abdul Jabbar, José Yovera Saldarriaga, William Herminio Salas-Contreras, Dante Daniel Cruz Nieto","doi":"10.1079/cabireviews.2023.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/cabireviews.2023.004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Withdrawal of DOI: Please note that this DOI has been withdrawn and the review article can be found at https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabireviews.2023.0004","PeriodicalId":39273,"journal":{"name":"CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135394054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1079/cabireviews202217009
Ellen Ould
Abstract Macroalgae (seaweeds) are drawing interest as potential tools for climate mitigation within a burgeoning blue carbon agenda. With the high rates of net primary productivity, they are one of the main carbon sinks in the global ocean, both as biomass standing stock and as vectors of carbon export through detritus pathways. When coupled with their intrinsic ecological value, their contribution to coastal economies, and their current and future scope for aquaculture production, it is perhaps unsurprising that macroalgae have become a focus for nature-based carbon sequestration. However, the research community must guard against the hyperbole that is beginning to permeate the conversation, such as that which beset the microalgae biofuel movement. Macroalgae undoubtedly have a role to play in combating carbon pollution, and perhaps before significant investment is committed to ramping up macroalgae aquaculture, a more pragmatic view of its contribution to natural capital is justified. This article takes an objective look at the capacity for macroalgae to fill a global carbon sequestration niche, both as managed natural carbon pools and as deployable carbon capture assets.
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